不定式(短语)可用作表示目的(a)
动词不定式的用法有哪些
动词不定式的用法有哪些?动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式是:to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。
而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。
现就以下几方面介绍如下:一、不定式结构1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, expect,plan,begin,start,ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。
如:I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。
如:Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2. 不定式有时和一连接代(副)词一起构成宾语。
如:I don’t know what to say.我不知道说什么。
3. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:(1)在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
如:You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
(2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear,have等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
表目的的英文短语
表目的的英文短语英语表达之中,有哪些英语短语是可以用来表示目的的?下面是店铺给大家带来表目的的英文短语表达,供大家参阅!表目的的英文短语1.in order to+短语2.in order that+从句表目的的英文状语从句短语目的状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生目的的状语从句。
引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有so that(以便,为了), in order that (为了,以便) 。
从句中一般含有can, could, may, might, will, would 等情态动词。
此外,in case(以防,以免), lest(免得,以防), for fear that(以免,惟恐),on purpose that ,in the hope that也可以引导目的状语从句。
1. 用so that引导:so that此时的意思是“以便”。
如:She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. 她把信都烧了,这样一来她丈夫就永远看不到了。
注意:so that引导目的状语从句与引导结果状语从句时的意思不一样。
引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that,即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。
如:Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。
Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。
2. 用in order that引导:in order that的意思是“为了”。
如:He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。
3. 其它Be careful lest you fall from that tree. 要当心, 以免从树上摔下来。
动词不定式和动名词的用法
非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)1.不定式的用法不定式的基本形式为“to do", 在句中不单独作谓语;本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
(1)作主语:例:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
To grasp English in a short time is not easy.在短时间内掌握英语不容易。
注意:为保持句子平衡,可用“it”作形式主语,而将真正主语动词不定式放在后边,句型为:It is /was…to do sth.例:It is not easy to grasp English in a short time.在短时间内掌握英语是不容易的。
It was important for him to solve the problem then。
当时对于他来说,解决这个问题是重要的。
(2)作宾语:多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语,有时也可用在某些复合宾语及物动词及个别双宾语及物动词后。
例:I want to have a walk after supper。
晚饭后我想去散步.He considered it his duty to support his family。
他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。
She doesn’t know how to run the machine。
她不知道如何操作这台机器。
不定式作宾语的结构为:及物动词+ to do. 动词常用:advise, agree,ask,begin, continue, decide,expect,forget, hope, learn,like, manage, mean, pretend,start, try,want,wish等。
(3)作表语:联系动词一般都是be。
例:Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it.我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。
动名词作宾语或介词宾语
动名词作宾语或介词宾语1.在很多动词后都可跟动名词作宾语:Have you finished cleaning the windows窗子擦好了吗Would you mind shutting the door劳驾把门关上行吗I enjoyed working there.我在那里工作很高兴。
)Our house needs painting.我们的房子需要油漆。
能跟这种宾语的动词很多,常见的有:stop, suggest, remember, begin, like, start, mind, continue, can’t help等。
2.有些动词可以跟动名词作宾语也可用不定式作宾语,意思上没有太大差别,如:Do you like playing chess你喜欢下棋吗to play】They began talking about something else.他们开始谈别的事。
to talk有时两者在意思上有差别:I remember seeing you somewhere.记得在哪里见到过你。
Remember to post the letter.记得把信发掉。
@3.动名词作介词宾语的时候也很多,特别是在某些成语后,如:Are you interested in going with us你有兴趣和我们一块儿去吗He is fond of playing tennis.他很喜欢打网球。
I’m thinking of going to Hangchow.我在考虑到杭州去一趟。
Thank you for coming.谢谢你来。
{4.动名词还可和某些介词一道用作状语等:After playing chess, we watched TV.下过棋之后我们看电视。
Give me a phone call before leaving home.离家前给我打个电话。
I’m all for going by bus.我完全赞成坐公共汽车去。
英语动词不定式语法知识点归纳总结
英语动词不定式语法知识点归纳总结动词不定式考向一不定式的作用1. 作主语:不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
It took us two hours to finish the job.2. 作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
☞He managed to escape from the fire.☞I find it hard to get along with him. (it 作形式宾语)(2)动词+疑问词+to,"特殊疑问句+不定式"相当于名词,作宾语。
☞I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
☞I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3. 作宾语补足语(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。
☞He warned me to be careful.注意:可以用动词不定式作宾补的动词有:ask,tell,order,want,get,would like,like,advise,invite,allowhelp,wish,warn,expect,would prefer,encourage。
(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。
☞We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)(3)There +不定式。
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
(4)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
动词不定式如何使用动词不定式来表示目的意愿或计划
动词不定式如何使用动词不定式来表示目的意愿或计划动词不定式是英语语法中的一种形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在表达目的意愿或计划时,起着重要的作用。
本文将探讨动词不定式在表达目的意愿或计划方面的使用方法。
一、动词不定式作为目的状语动词不定式可以作为句子的目的状语,用于说明动作的目的、意愿或计划。
它通常放在句子的末尾,与谓语动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
例如:1. I went to the library to borrow some books.我去图书馆借书。
2. They took a taxi to catch the train.他们乘出租车去赶火车。
这些例句中,动词不定式“to borrow some books”和“to catch the train”分别表示了去图书馆借书和赶火车的目的。
二、动词不定式作为目的补足语动词不定式也可以出现在某些动词后面,作为其宾语的补足语,进一步说明动词的目的、意愿或计划。
常见的这类动词包括want、need、expect、hope等。
例如:1. She wants to become a doctor in the future.她希望将来成为一名医生。
2. We need to study hard to pass the exam.我们需要努力学习来通过考试。
这些例句中,动词不定式“to become a doctor”和“to pass the exam”作为不及物动词want和need的宾语补足语,进一步说明了希望成为医生和通过考试的目的。
三、动词不定式作为目的补充成分动词不定式还可以作为某些动词的宾语补充成分,用以指示宾语的目的、愿望或计划。
这些动词通常是感知动词,如see、watch、hear等。
例如:1. I saw her go into the building.我看见她进了大楼。
2. They heard the baby cry in the next room.他们听见隔壁房间的婴儿哭了。
英语不定式(短语)用法全解析
英语不定式(短语)用法全解析摘要本文介绍了英语不定式(短语)的定义、形式和用法,并重点分析了不定式(短语)在句中作主语、表语、宾语和补足语的功能和特点。
本文还提供了一些例句和练习题,帮助读者理解和掌握不定式(短语)的用法。
一、什么是不定式(短语)1.1 不定式的定义不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。
不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成不定式短语。
不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语等成分。
1.2 不定式的形式不定式的基本形式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式还可以有形式的变化,即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
形式结构意义一般式to do表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,或在谓语动作之后发生的动作进行式to be doing表示正在进行的或与谓语动作同时发生的动作完成式to have done表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作完成进行式to have been doing表示在谓语动作之前发生并且一直进行着的动作被动一般式to be done表示被动意义,即逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者被动完成式to have been done表示被动意义,且在谓语动作之前已经完成的动作否定形式not to do表示否定意义,即逻辑上的主语没有做或不会做这个不定式表示的动作二、不定式(短语)在句中的用法2.1 不定式(短语)作主语不定式(短语)具有名词的特征,可在句子中充当主语。
不定式(短语)在句首作主语To know oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。
用it作形式主语在很多情况下,人们通常用it作为形式上的主语,而把不定式(短语)移到谓语之后,使句子结构显得平稳一些。
It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师,拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
句子成分中的目的结构
句子成分中的目的结构在句子成分中,目的结构是一种重要的语法现象。
它能够准确地描述句子中的目的或意图。
本文将详细介绍目的结构的定义、形式和使用方法,并通过例句进行解释和说明。
一、目的结构的定义目的结构,又称to不定式短语或不定式构成的目的状语,是句子中用来表示目的或意图的一种结构。
它由to不定式(to + 动词原形)和一些修饰成分组成。
二、目的结构的形式目的结构通常由动词不定式作为核心,并且前面常常有表示目的的动词或形容词。
常见的表示目的的动词有arrange, hope, intend, plan, want等。
常见的表示目的的形容词有anxious, eager, ready等。
三、目的结构的使用方法目的结构主要有两种使用方式:作为动词的宾语补足语和作为形容词的后置定语。
下面分别进行详细讨论。
1. 作为动词的宾语补足语在这种用法中,目的结构作为动词的宾语补足语,用来说明主语完成某个动作的目的或意图。
常见的动词有expect, want, hope, plan等。
例如:- I want to learn a new language.(我想学一门新语言。
)- She plans to travel around the world.(她计划环游世界。
)2. 作为形容词的后置定语在这种用法中,目的结构作为形容词的后置定语,用来描述名词或代词的目的或意图。
常见的形容词有eager, ready, anxious等。
例如:- He is eager to win the championship.(他渴望赢得冠军。
)- They are ready to start the project.(他们准备开始这个项目。
)四、目的结构的例句解析为了更好地理解和运用目的结构,以下我们将通过例句进行解析。
1. I bought a new camera to capture beautiful moments.(我买了一台新相机,以捕捉美丽的瞬间。
动词不定式的句法作用和复合结构
动词不定式的句法作用和复合结构〔关键词〕动词不定式;复合结构;句法动词不定式的句法作用由于动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,所以它在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1. 作主语First of all,to understand the teacher wasn’t easy when she talked.但在多数情况下,特别是在口语中,常常用it来代替不定式作主语,而把不定式移到句中后部去,这样使句子显得比较平稳。
It叫做形式主语,不定式叫做真正主语,故上句可改为:First of all,it wasn’t easy to understand the teacher when she talked.某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever,right,unwise,stupid,thoughtful,rude,silly,impolite)作表语时,不定式前常可用of引起的短语,即“be+形容词+of+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式”。
如:It is very kind of you to help me.2. 作表语Her wish is to become a pop singer.3. 作宾语I want to be a teacher when I’m older.能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,try,ask,offer,start,forget,remember,decide,agree,choose,promise,expect等。
另外,在一些复合宾语中,常用it代表不定式,作形式宾语,把不定式放在后面。
如:I find it interesting to study English.4. 作定语I have a lot of work to do.不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
动词不定式做目的状语时的用法
不定式作目的状语英语中的动词不定式具有副词的功能,可以在句子中作状语,表示多种意义。
一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。
为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加in order to 或so as to。
例如:I've written it down in order not to forget.He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
比较:To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.(正)To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(误)由in order to 引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由so as to 引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。
比较:They started early in order to get there in time.(正)In order to get there in time, they started early.(正)They started early so as to get there in time.(正)So as to get there in time, they started early.(误)二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加for + 名词或宾格代词)作状语。
例如:He opened the door for the children to come in.She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。
动词不定式用法大全
动词不定式用法大全英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to 不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一. 作主语例如:To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。
例如上面的句子可以表示为:It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如:It’s important to plant trees in spring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。
例:It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
二. 作表语:(在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
)动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。
例:His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
动词不定式用法与专项练习
word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持动词不定式: to+do (高二2016.2)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”组成,是动词的一种非谓语形式。
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补。
1. 动词不定式在句中的语法功能:(1)动词不定式(短语)作主语To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱。
To teach is to give. 教书就是奉献。
*to do和v-ing作主语时的区别:Smoking is a bad habit. (v-ing作主语表示习惯性动作)To stay home on such a cold night is comfortable. (动词不定式作主语表示偶然性或一次性的动作)*不定式作主语和目的状语时的区别。
例如:To get up early does good to one’s health.早起对身体有好处。
(作主语)To get up early, one must go to bed early.为了早起,必须早睡。
(作目的状语)(2) 动词不定式(短语)作宾语I will leave it to you to make the final decision. 我将由你来做最后的决定。
(it作形式宾语)She decided to quit her job at last. 最后,她决定辞职。
*"疑问词+ 动词不定式短语"作宾语:I don't know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。
The children are learning how to play the game. 孩子们在学做游戏。
例如(NMET2000):I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects (答案:B)(what to expect在句中作know的宾语,而what作不定式to expect的逻辑宾语。
不定式作定语的5种类型
It's a way to solve the problem.
"to solve the problem" 是 "way" 的前置定语,表示“解决问题的方法”。
3. 动词不定式作同位语(解释说明)
不定式与名词或代词并列,进一步解释或说明该名词或代词
He is a man to rely on.
"to rely on" 是 "赖的人”。
4. 动词不定式作补足语(表目的或意图)
不定式作为补足语,与形容词、名词等结合,表示目的或意图
The book is meant to teach children.
"to teach children" 是 "book" 的补足语,表示“这本书的目的是教孩子”。
5. 动词不定式作状语(表示时间、条件、方式等)
不定式作为状语,表示时间、条件、方式等,与句子主语或谓语有逻辑联系
I came to see if you were home.
"to see if you were home" 是状语,表示“我来看看你是否在家”。
不定式作定语的5种类型
类型
特征
示例
解释
1. 动词不定式作后置定语(简单形式)
不定式位于名词或代词之后,表示目的、原因、结果等
I have a dream to become a doctor.
"to become a doctor" 是 "dream" 的后置定语,表示“成为医生的梦想”。
2. 动词不定式作前置定语(复合形式,带介词)
动词不定式表目的4则
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动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果的用法(一)动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结1. 作目的状语:I came here to see you.T o stop the train, pull the lever downwards.目的状语还可以用如下表达法:肯定:toin order to + 动词原形so as toI come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come soas to see her.thatso that + 主语+ may/might + 动词原形I come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may see her.否定:not toin order not to + 动词原形so as not tothatso that + 主语+ may/might ++ 动词原形in order thatHe went away not to see me.= He went away in order not to see me.= He went away so as not to see me.= He went away in order that he might not see me.= He went away that he might not see me.= He went away so that he might not see me.in order to, in order that和so as to, so that的区别in order to可以用在句首或句末,但so as to只能用在句末。
动词不定式和目的如何用动词不定式表示目的意愿或计划
动词不定式和目的如何用动词不定式表示目的意愿或计划动词不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,常用来作为目的状语,表示一个动作或状态的目的、意愿或计划。
在句子中引入目的状语时,我们可以使用动词不定式来表达。
本文将详细介绍动词不定式的用法以及如何使用它来表示目的意愿或计划。
一、动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式由"to"加上动词原形构成,例如:to go,to eat,to learn 等。
它通常可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语,并且可以与情态动词连用,或者带有助动词的形式,构成不同的句子结构。
二、动词不定式表示目的意愿或计划的常见用法1. 作为动词的直接宾语例如:- I want to study abroad next year.(我明年想出国留学。
)- She hopes to find a new job.(她希望找到一份新工作。
)2. 作为形容词的定语例如:- He bought a book to read on the plane.(他买了一本书在飞机上读。
)- This is a great opportunity to improve your skills.(这是一个提高你技能的绝佳机会。
)3. 作为副词修饰动词例如:- He woke up early to catch the train.(他早起抓住火车。
)- She went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(她去超市买些杂货。
)4. 作为情态动词的补充例如:- They must study hard to pass the exam.(他们必须努力学习才能通过考试。
)- You should practice more to improve your English speaking skills.(你应该多练习提高英语口语能力。
)5. 作为不定式短语作为句子的主语例如:- To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
不定式作目的状语
不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语是新课程标准圈定的考点。
一.先介绍不定式不定式的定义:“to + 动词原形”,简称to do;否定式not to do不定式作目的状语一.句意上的特点不定式用作目的状语时,其句意特点很明显,通常在译成中文时可用“为了;以便;目的是”来表示。
如:1.To get 100 points, we must work hard.为了考100分,我们必须努力学习。
2.We made a fire to keep us warm.我们生火的目的是为了保暖。
(to keep us warm 就是make a fire 的目的)3.Let's go to the shop to buy some bread.让我们去超市买一些面包。
(to buy some bread就是go to the shop 的目的)st night I went to Green Street to see my uncle.昨晚我去格林大酒店看了我叔叔。
(to see my uncle是went to Green Street 的目的)二、结构上的特点不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。
一般说来,用于句首属于强调性用法,即强调动词的目的。
比较:To get 100 points, we must study hard.为了考100分,我们必须努力学习。
=We must study hard to get 100 points.观察下面4个小题,说出做题理由。
1. (help) good people, he fight against bad people.2. (eat) healthy food is good for your health.3. (think) hard, and you will find a way.4. (practice) hard, or you’ll lose the competition.这4题空格都在句首,第1题中间有个逗号却没有连词,说明这是个单句,只有一个主语,一个谓语;而he与fight即是该句的主语和谓语,所以help只可以是“非谓语动词”,即不定式、动名词、过去分词,但根据句意,表示“目的”的意思很明显,所以判断为“目的状语放在句首,表示强调”。
动词不定式的用法(表目的)
常跟不带to的动词不定式 作宾语补足语的动词有:感官动词hear, feel, see, watch, notice等;使役动词let, make和have。 make or let + object + infinitive without to e.g. Max tells funny jokes and often makes me laugh. Mr Wu agreed to let me join their school trip.
动词不定式作宾语补足语,有带to和 不带to的两种形式。
常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 的动词有:ask, tell, order, invite, get, allow, wish, want, encourage, advise, warn, would like, need, 等。
e.g. 1.The policeman told the boys not to swim in the river. 2.The teacher asked the students to finish the homework on time. 3.Mr Wu advised us to read books aloud.
3.Take a notebook with you in order not to forget the important things.
注意: 由in order to引导的目的状语,既可以 置于句尾,也可以置于句首。 e.g. They started early in order to get there in time. In order to get there in time, they 现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
不定式短语作定语
不定式短语作定语的用法和形式一、不定式短语作定语的用法不定式短语作定语时,可以修饰名词或代词,表示被修饰词的目的、用途、特征等。
例如:He has a lot of work to do. 他有很多工作要做。
She is the first person to arrive. 她是第一个到达的人。
This is a book to read. 这是一本值得读的书。
不定式短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的后面,与被修饰词有主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
下面分别介绍这三种关系。
1. 主谓关系不定式短语与被修饰词之间是主谓关系时,表示不定式的动作是被修饰词执行的。
这种情况下,不定式短语可以改写为定语从句。
例如:He is a man to be trusted. 他是一个值得信赖的人。
(=He is a man who can be trusted.)She is always the last one to leave. 她总是最后一个离开的人。
(=She is always the last one who leaves.)这种情况下,不定式短语常用在the first, the last, the only, the next等词后面,表示顺序、唯一性等。
例如:He was the first to climb Mount Everest. 他是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的人。
She is the only one to know the truth. 她是唯一知道真相的人。
2. 动宾关系不定式短语与被修饰词之间是动宾关系时,表示不定式的动作是对被修饰词进行的。
这种情况下,不定式短语可以改写为of短语或for短语。
例如:I have nothing to say. 我没有什么要说的。
(=I have nothing of saying.)He has a lot of money to spend. 他有很多钱要花。
不定式作状语表示目的,结果,原因等
不定式作状语表示目的,结果,原因等不定式常可用作状语,表示:1.目的:He went out to buy a paper.他出去买报纸去了。
We’ve come to learn from you.我们是来向你学习的。
They’re working hard to fulfill the plan.他们在努力完成计划。
To succeed,we must make good preparation.要取得成功必须做好准备。
2.结果:What have I said to make you so angry?我说了什么话使你这样生气?He left,never to return.他走了再也没回来。
She lived to be ninety.她活到了九十岁。
The curtain parted,to reveal a market scene.幕开了,露出了集市场景。
3.原因:I am sorry of hear it.听了这我很难过。
She was surprised to see him.看到他她很吃惊。
We are proud be young people of China.作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
They jumped for joy to hear the news.听到这消息他们高兴得跳了起来。
4.在某方面等:She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于帮助人。
We were eager to take part in the work.我们都亟于参加这项工作。
Be careful not to catch cold.当心别感冒。
The girl is easy to get along with.这姑娘很容易相处。
不定式还可在某些句型中使用:She was too young to understand that.她年纪太小不能理解这个。
We had enough food to last a week.我们有足够的食物维持一礼拜。
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不定式(短语)可用作表示目的(a),原因(b),结果(c) 等的状语: a.Sever women came over to help her.
The children sleep together to keep warm.
b.I rejoice to hear that you are well.
We jumped with joy to hear that news.
c.She lived to be 100.
The curtain parted,to reveal a market scene.
不定式还可以用在某些句型中作状语:
a.in order (not) to 以便, 为了(以免):
She went to live in Spain in order to learn Spanish.
We keep the window shut in order not to let the flies in.
b.so as (not) to 以便(以免):
Go in quietly so as to make a pie.
c.so (such) as to 到这种程度以致:
Ruth wouldn’t be so careless as to forget to lock the door.
I’m not such a fool as to put it in writing.
d.be so kind (good) as to 可否劳驾.....
Would you be so kind as to let my people know?
Would you be so good as to look after her?
e.be kind (good) enough to 劳驾:
Will you be kind enough to shut the door?
Please be good enough to close the door
f.too…to…太...不能
I’m too tired to stay up longer.
g.(not) enough to… (不)够…..来做某事
She was not strong enough to travel.
We were fortunate enough to get an empty car.
不定式有时需要用被动形式(a)或完成形式(b),有时可用进行形式(c):
a.He returned after the war, only to be told that wife had left him.
b.I am sorry to have missed you.
c.Are you glad to be going back to school.
有时不定式前面有一个for引起的短语,表示它逻辑上的主语。
a.I’m quite willing for you to join us.
b.Is it ripe enough for us to eat?
有些不定式短语可用来修饰整个句子,可以称作句子状语。
T o be honest , I don’t quite like the dish.
【不定式作表语】
有时不定式在句中可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容或
目的。
a.The wall is to keep people out of the garden.
b.My only wish is to do what is best for you.
有时不定式表示一个动作:
a.The best thing she ever did was to buy that house.
b.What you have to do is (to) fill in the questionnaire.
有时可用被动形式作表语:
The house is to be let.
He’s only to be pitied.
不定式可以用作主语:
To err is human ,to forgive divine.
一.It + be +形容词+ 不定式:
It’s important to know your own limitations.
It was silly to believe him.
二.It +be + 形容词+ for 引起的短语+不定式:
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It won’t be easy for Tom to find a new job.
三.It + be +形容词+ of 引起的短语+不定式:
It’s unfair of him to criticize me.
It was selfish of him not to contribute anything.
四.It + 名词+ 不定式:
It’s fun to be here.
It has been a privilege to work with you.
五.It + 动词(+宾语) + 不定式:
It took me a year to save up for a new coat.
It costs 150 a week to keep someone in prison.
It pleased him to think of his father.
六.It + be +介词短语汇+ 不定式:
It was quite beyond me to help them.
It is against my principles to work with them.
其它这类结构:
It makes me sick to think about it.
It would look rude to refuse their invitation.
在这类结构中,不定式有时需用进行形式或完成形式:
It’s a new experience for her to be travelling by plane.
What a mistake it is to have come here.
一.在不少动词可跟一个由名词(代词)+不定式构成的复合宾语:
He told her to wake him up.
My doctor advised me to see a neurologist.
二.上述动词有很多可用于被动结构,这时可说形成一种复
合谓语: 这种结构有时可用完成形式或进行形式:
She was told to stay at home.
He was obliged to abandon that idea.
They are believed to have discussed this problem.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
个别动词和一个介词短语连用,后面跟一个不定式:
I pleaded with him to tell me.
You can rely on us to help you.
三. 在某些动词后可用不要to的不定式构成复合宾语:
He saw them go out.
What made you think like that?
Don’t forget to have him come.
这类句子用被动结构时不定式要加to:
The man was seen to enter the building.
They were make to work long hours in the mine.
注意: 在help后面的不定式可加to,也可不加to
I’ll help you (to) solve the problem.
四. 另外,不定式还可和一个疑问代词或副词一道构成复合宾语:
I advised her where to stay.
Did you ask her which to buy?。