中译第2讲2012
商务英语翻译(第二讲)
investment in the infrastructure industry will not (at least in the short term) bring high economic
benefits.③ It is imperative to orient the investment to enterprises with better economic benefits, but
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• 如果一方违反任何其根据第18.1条所作的陈述或担保,则另一方除 根据本合同或使用法律寻求任何可能的其他救济之外,违约方应当 赔偿另一方或合营公司因此种违约行为而招致的任何损失、损害、 费用、开支、责任或索赔。
• (分析:英语合同文本中的长句首先要仔细分析句子的内部结构, 判断句子是简单句、并列句、复合句,还是并列复合句。其次是找 出句中的主要成分,即主语和谓语动词。)
• 例2: Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen come there by specific request.
• 在线文化赞赏这样的主张:不经用户特别请求,别把广告发到用户 的屏幕上。
• 例: Monetarists, led by University of Chicago Professor Emeritus Friedman armed themselves with evidence showing that free markets on their own produce as much growth and employment as an economy can sustain.
2012版自考英语二课文中英文对照
第1课Text AText A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。
批判性阅读是积极阅读。
它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么,还包括质疑和评价作者的话,并对此形成自己的观点。
成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。
Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。
第2讲 翻译中的形合与意合汇总
我于冬日前去参观,但见衰柳寒烟,一水茫 茫而已。(沈复“浮生六记”) “衰柳寒烟”,“一水茫茫”
译文1:I went there in winter, and could see nothing but unanimated trees and smokes. There is only a range of poor water. 译文2: I went there on a winter day and saw only a stretch of cold water against some sparse willows trees and a frosty sky. 译文3:While in winter, nothing was enjoyable but the lovely willows and quiet water.
念死书念出来的学问是没有多大用处的 Learning by rote will be unprofitable. 学是学了,没有结果;做是做了,没有成功 I have made proposals, but in vain; I have made attempts but without success.
第二讲:词汇翻译(上)
词汇翻译技巧 3.介词增减:英译汉时很多介词可以省略, 3.介词增减:英译汉时很多介词可以省略,汉译英时 介词增减
则需根据英语的行文需要增加适当的介词。 则需根据英语的行文需要增加适当的介词。
1)She was one of my colleagues at the ) university at which I taught. 她是我任教的那所大学的同事。 她是我任教的那所大学的同事。 2)I get positively angry with the ) impertinence of it and the everlastingness. 这么卤莽无礼,没完没了,真让我生气。 这么卤莽无礼,没完没了,真让我生气。 3)他已经把这事忘得一干二净了。 )他已经把这事忘得一干二净了。 He has forgotten all about it. 4)接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。 )接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。 I jumped with joy when I received the letter.
词汇翻译技巧 移植法 直接移植:在译文中将原文的词语原封不动地 直接移植: 挪用过来。如“卡拉 厅”、KTV包房 、“BP 挪用过来。 卡拉OK厅 、 包房”、 卡拉 包房 唱盘”、 光片 光片”、 发了一份 发了一份e-mail”、 机”、“CD唱盘 、“X光片 、“发了一份 、 唱盘 、 “进入 进入WTO”、“Word文件”、“如何执行 进入 、 文 、 如何执行 Windows 2000的应用程序”、“股票ABC”、 2000的应用程序 的应用程序”、“股票 股票ABC”、 NBA、CIA、IBM、IQ、EQ等等,汉语短语或句 等等, 、 、 、 、 等等 子中夹杂的这些英语单词就是直接移植过来的。 子中夹杂的这些英语单词就是直接移植过来的。 直接移植似乎多应用于科技翻译和新闻媒体 文学翻译则少见。 中,文学翻译则少见。
201211CATTI二级笔译中译英第2篇真题+参考答案
20121111二级笔译实务中译英第2篇原文+参考答案详见烁烁英语试题原文作为远古人类留给我们的宝贵的文化遗产,岩画堪称是记载人类早期社会生活的百科全书,它不仅传承着源远流长的古代文明,也是史前人类文化、宗教、民俗以及原始艺术史的见证。
在世界上,中国岩画是诞生最早、分布最广、内容最丰富的国家之一,而贺兰山又是华夏土地上遗存最集中、题材最广泛、保存最完好的岩画地区之一。
在贺兰山腹地,共发现20余处遗存岩画,其中最具代表性的是贺兰山贺兰口岩画。
贺兰山岩画在山口内外分布着近6000幅岩画,其中罕为人见的人面像岩画就有70幅之多。
据考证,贺兰山口岩画是不同时期先后刻制的,大多为北方游牧民族创作.岩画造型粗犷稚拙、构图朴实自然,牛、马、驴、鹿、鸟、虎等动物栩栩如生,各种人头的造型同样是千奇百态。
凭着自己对社会现实的理解与感悟,对美好生活的追求与向往,把自己的亲身感受与体验,忠实地记录在岩石之上,同时也为后人留下了神秘瑰丽的贺兰山岩画。
有学者说贺兰口是史前人类凭借自然魅力打造的祭祀圣地,又有专家认为,贺兰口岩画是象形文字前的图画文字,在文字没有发明前,这里的人们艰难地把他们的理想、愿望、欢乐、悲伤,通过岩画的形式表现出来。
于是,在亘古不变的贺兰山上,写就了一部史前人类的“天书”。
参考译文As a precious cultural heritage left by ancient people, rock-painting can be said as an encyclopedia recording the early social lives of human, which not only transmits the ancient civilization with long times, but also serves a witness of the culture, religion, folk-custom and ancient artistic history of prehistory people.China is one of the countries whose rock-carvings boast the earliest creation, the widest distribution and the richest content in the world, while Helan Mountain is one of the regions whose rock-carvings boast the most concentrated distribution, the widest theme and the best preserved condition in China. In the depth/hinterland of Helan Mountain, more than 20 relic places with rock-paintings have been discovered, among which, the most representative ones are those at the mouth of Helan Mountain.There are some 6000 rock-paintings near the mouth of Helan Mountain, among which rare rock-paintings of human faces hits over 70. According to research and study, the rock-paintings at the mouth of Helan Mountain were carved during different periods, and most were created by nomad nationality in north China. These rock-paintings are characterized by rough and adorned sculpt, as well as simple and natural composition, of vivid animals such as cattle, horses, donkeys, deer and tigers, as well as human heads carrying thousands expressions. The rock-paintings are faithfully recorded by ancient people of their pursuits and aspirations for happy life in future as well as their personal experiences and feelings based on understanding and thoughts of then social reality, meanwhile leaving these mysterious and magnificent rock-painting heritages in Helan Mountain.Some scholars said that Helan Mountain are created by prehistory people as their sacrifice place by virtue of natural charm, while some held that rock-paintings here are drawing writings before pictographs, through which people take paints to express their ideals, wishes, happiness and sadness before the creation of characters. In this way, “Heaven Book” of prehistory people hasbeen written on the everlasting Helan Mountain.。
第二讲:汉译英的特点与翻译
他妻子拿着一个盘子走过去,他连一句话也没跟她 说。 He said no word to his wife as she passed with a plate.
看到这惨状,大家立即陷入了恐慌。 译文1. On seeing this miserable scene, people got panic-stricken very soon. 译文2. At the sight of this miserable scene, people was seized with panic/overwhelmed by panic/great terror, or people were thrown in panic. 译文3. The sight of this miserable scene threw people in panic.
6-5 Passable translation with some inaccuracies The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, for the most part, readable. 4-3 Inadequate translation with frequent inaccuracies half, with frequent errors; in some parts, unreadable 2-1 Poor translation less than half Almost all sentences contain errors of… For the most part, unreadable
00015英语二(2012版)讲义第02章
Unit 2 Mistake to SuccessA Famous QuoteSuccess is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.——Winston Churchill成功就是经历一次一次失败后,热情依旧。
——温斯顿・丘吉尔TEXT A Spilt Milkcry over spilt milk express regret for sth. that has happened and cannot be remedied 为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔New Wordsspill v.(especially of liquid) to flow over the edge of the container by accident (使)洒出,泼出,溢出respond v. to do something as a reaction to something that somebody has said or done 作出反应,响应interview v. to ask somebody questions about their life, opinions, etc., especially on the radio ortelevision for a newspaper or magazine (媒体)采访;访问creative adj. involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce something new or a work of art创造(性)的;创作的occur v. to happen 发生;出现remove v. to take something or somebody away from a place 移开;拿开;去掉refrigerator n. a piece of electrical equipment in which food is kept cold so that it stays fresh 冰箱grip n. an act, of holding somebody/something tightly 紧握;紧抓slippery adj. difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polished 滑的;滑的抓不住(或站不稳,难以行走)的content n. the things that are contained in something 所容纳之物;所含之物veritable adj. a word used to emphasize that somebody/something can be compared to somebody/ something else that is more exciting, more impressive, etc. 十足的;名副其实的;不折不扣的yell v. to shout loudly, for example, because you are angry, excited, frightened or in pain 喊;大喊;吼叫lecture n. a long angry talk that somebody gives to one person or a group of people because they havedone something wrong(冗长的)教训,训斥,谴责mess n. a dirty or untidy state 肮脏;杂乱;不整洁rarely adv. not very often 罕有;很少;不常puddle n. a small amount of water or other liquid, especially rain, that has collected in one placeon the ground 水洼;小水坑eventually adv. at the end of a period of time or a series of events 最后;终于restore v. to bring somebody/something back to a former condition, place or position 使复原;使复位,使复职sponge n. a piece of artificial or natural material that is soft and light and full of holes and canhold water easily, used for washing or cleaning 海绵块effectively adv. in a way that produces the intended result or a successful result 有效的tiny adj. very small in size or amount 极小的;微小的discover v. to find out about something or information about something 了解到;认识到;查明grasp v. to take a firm hold of somebody/ something 抓紧;抓牢lip n. the edge of a container or a hollow place in the ground (容器或凹陷地方的)边,边沿renowned adj. famous and respected 有名的;闻名的;受尊敬的remark v. to say or write a commend about something/somebody 谈论;评论opportunity n. a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve something 机会;时机scientific adj. connected with science 科学(上)的;关于科学的valuable adj. very usefu1 很有用的;很重要的;宝贵的Phrases and Expressionsin this manner in the way which something is done or happens 用这种方式set ,apart from to make somebody/ something different from or better than others 区别;使与众不同重点词汇讲解spill v.(especially of liquid) to flow over the edge of the container by accident (使)洒出,泼出,溢出eg: The ink spilt all over the desk. 墨水洒了一桌子。
翻译实践 第二讲.ppt
What is Translation?
Not an easy question. Some of definitions
Translation, essentially, is the faithful representation, in one language, of what is written or said in another language. —Zhong Shukong A Handbook of Translation What is translation? Often, though not by any means always, it is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. —Peter Newmark A Textbook of Translation
What is Translation
…aesthetics, linguistics, rhetoric, psychology, so on and so forth.
A polyseme: the process or the product; written translation only or both written translation and interpretation.
Translation: A Long History
The Tower of Babe: in the valley of Shinar According to historians:
the earliest translation activities in China: Zhou dynasty (1100.BC); and in the west: the first traces date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom and the first translator was a Greek slave Livius Andronicus, who in about 240 B.C. put the Odyssey into Latin verse. In China
第二讲 中西方翻译简史
教学目标
1.让学生了解中西方基本翻译理论。
2.让学生了解中西方翻译理论的发展现状。
3.讲评翻译作业、做翻译课堂练习。
教学重点、难点
1.中国翻译家的翻译理论与翻译观点。 2.西方翻译家的翻译理论与翻译观点。
• 佛经翻译须合乎原文本意,主张“尽从实录,按
本而传,不令有损言游字”,明确提出了“敬顺
圣言,了不加饰”的直译原则,主张严格的直译。
鸠摩罗什VS真谛VS彦琮 提倡意译,主张在存真的原则指导下,不妨“依 实出华”,讲究译文的流畅华美,因此他所译的 佛经都富于文学趣味,一直受到中国佛教徒和文 学爱好者的广泛传诵。他虽然倾向意译,但在实 践上基本仍然是折中而非偏激的。 • 真谛三藏到中国后20余年适逢兵乱,于颠沛流离 中仍能译出一百多部重要经论,是鸠摩罗什以后 玄奘以前贡献最大的译师。
and 2.5 billion more lack basic sanitation. If the status
quo continues, by the year 2025, half of the world’s
population, around 3 billion people will be living under water-stressed conditions, causing an increase in hunger, disease, preventable death and strife.
• 主要观点: • 译者应该像演说家一样,使用符合古罗马语言习 惯的语言来表达外来作品的内容。 • 直译是缺乏技巧的表现。翻译应保留词语最内层 的东西,即意思。 • 翻译也是文学创作。 • 各种语言的修辞手段彼此相通,因此翻译可以做 到风格对等。 • 提出“解释员”式翻译和“演说家”式翻译,即 直译与意译。
英汉互译第2讲短语和搭配的翻译
supervision and operation; (一前一后) • the state assets management, supervision and operation
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整理ppt
5)科教兴国战略 6)国有资产管理、监督和运营机制 7)高新技术产业化示范工程 8) 科技成果市场化、产业化 9) 处理合同争议所适用的法律
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整理ppt
• 1)毛入学率 • the gross enrollment rate 2)中央/地方财政预算 the central and local budgets 3)支持东北老区振兴的政策 Policies rejuvenating the old industrial basis of Northeast
Sinclair (1991) 指出,自由选择原则 (the open-choice principle) 和熟语原则 (the idiom principle)在语言中同时起 作用。前者指按语法规则进行选择;后者则强调说话者构 造语言时,拥有大量提前预制好的语块。
语块是英语的基本语言单位,也是英语学习的基本单位和 理想单位。语块教学是提高学习者语言地道性和流利性的8 关键所在。
8)科技成果市场化、产业化 commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements
9) 处理合同争议所适用的法律 Law applicable to the settlement of contract disputes
翻译史第二讲
第二讲:早期的佛经翻译一、关于翻译的早期记载《册府元龟·外臣部·鞮(di2)译》记载,周时有越裳国“以三相胥重译而献白雉,曰:‘道路悠远,山川阻深,音使不通,故重译而朝’”。
《礼记·王制》:“五方之民,言语不通,嗜欲不同。
达其志,通其欲,东方曰寄,南方曰象,西方曰狄鞮,北方曰译。
”这是对翻译官的不同称呼。
后翻译之职,又称“象寄”“象胥”“鞮译”。
又因“夷语与中国相反”,古文把夷语称为“反舌”,而译官又叫“舌人”。
到汉朝,我国主要的外事活动是对北方的匈奴用兵,故翻译活动逐渐用“译”来统称了。
二、佛经翻译活动分期张振玉认为,“佛教之传入中国盖在西汉末年”,那就是公元元年前后。
东汉明帝八年(65年),蔡谙赴天竺取经,两年后,蔡自天竺归,佛经翻译由此开始。
佛经翻译可以分为三个历史时期:第一时期,由东汉末年到西晋,名译家有安清、支谦、支谶、竺法护等。
第二时期自东晋至南北朝,名译家有南方的佛陀跋陀罗、宝云等,北方的昙无谶、鸠摩罗什等。
第三时期,则是唐代,为佛经翻译之大成。
玄奘孤征天竺,研求佛法,历17年;回国后,19年里翻译了佛经73部(相当于25部圣经的分量)。
三、佛经翻译第一阶段(东汉末年到西晋)1.《高僧传》载:汉明帝夜梦金人飞空而至,乃遣博士弟子秦景等往天竺寻访佛法。
……竺法兰,中天竺人也,自言诵经数万章,为中天竺学者之师。
时蔡谙既至彼国,相随间行而至,既达洛阳,便善汉言。
谙于西域获经,即为翻译,所谓……四十二章等五部。
四部失本不传,江左惟四十二章经,今见在。
又有《释老志·序》说,秦景和蔡谙同往天竺求经,后与摄摩腾、竺法兰回洛阳,译四十二章经。
这是最早翻译出来的佛经了。
2.早期佛经翻译的一大特点:很多经书没有书面原本,多为合作翻译的结果。
西域或天竺来的高僧口诵经文,然后由中方人员合译出经文。
3.公元2世纪,安世高译经“义理明晰,文字允正,辩而不华,质而不野”。
(汉英翻译)第2讲
2021/8/31
(2) 而现在/乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡/我在这头/大 陆在那头 (余光中 《乡愁》)
I.And now at present/ Nostalgia looms large to be a channel:/ Here am I / and yonder…my Continent!
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第二节 汉译英中的表达问题
理解是表达的前提,表达是理解的延续和 归宿。理解和表达是一个完整的统一体。汉译 英也是如此。
理解和表达能力的培养,首先要加强汉译 英基本功训练;其次,还要研究一点汉英翻译 的方法和技巧。
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Consequently Mr. Micawber was soon so overcome, that he mingled his tears with hers and mine; …
II.…and it was as though the stomach and bowels had been passed over by a smoothing iron, leaving no part unrelaxed.
III.All organs of the body seemed smoothed as if by an iron, each into its proper place.
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练习: 翻译下列句子
1、这件事你责怪他是找错了对象,此事与他毫 无关系。(bark up the wrong tree)
2、她不是那种小心眼儿。她胸怀宽广,心直口 快,光明磊落。(bear)
2012年翻译
A storm arose during the night. A new difficulty has arisen. Use this money when the need arises. 那么或许我们能够理解复杂的文 化行为如何产生,以及何种因素 在进化或认识的角度,引导了这 种复杂的文化行为。
2012年翻译
identify: One cannot identify happiness with wealth. I find it hard to identify with any character in the film.
做出第二次努力的是乔舒亚· 格林伯雷。他采用更加经验的方 法来研究这种普遍性,他发现了多种语言的共同特征(特别是 词序上的特征),而人们认为这种共同特征体现了由于认知局 限所产生的偏见。
在物理学上,有一种方法把这 种追求一致解释理论的愿望发 挥到了极致,它试图找到一种 万物的理论——用唯一的生成 等式解释我们能看到的所有事 物。
在物理学领域,一种做法把这种寻求大同理论的冲 动推向极端,试图寻找包含一切的理论——一个涵 括我们所看到的一切的生成性公式。
2012年翻译
Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.
英汉翻译第二讲讲义解析
第二讲英汉词义对比与翻译中根据语境选词一、语境与意义的关系概述词是语言中能自由运用的音义结合体,是构成句子的最基本的单位,所以词的意义直接影响读者对句子甚至对整个篇章的理解。
虽然在翻译的过程中一般以句子为翻译单位,但如果不能把词的意思准确地翻译出来,势必会影响到对整个句子甚至对整个篇章的翻译。
由此可见词在翻译中的重要性。
在选词时,我们除了要注意词的基本含义(概念意义)外,也要明白翻译中的选词更多地受到诸多因素的影响。
语境可分为¡°微观语境(Microcontext)¡±和¡°宏观语境(Macrocontext)¡±,前者主要指词的搭配,包括词组、分句、句、句段、文本或篇章、体裁;后者指非语言因素,即社会、文化、历史因素。
同一个词,在不同的语境中,其涵义、词义广狭、感情色彩、文体色彩、文化色彩等不尽相同。
语境决定词的涵义、词义的广狭、词的感情色彩和语体色彩以及文化涵义等。
翻译时必须将语境纳入考虑之中,仔细斟酌,才能真正取得好的翻译效果。
⏹长期以来,中国学生在学习英语的过程中,尤其在学习英语单词的过程中总喜欢通过其汉语意思记忆单词,久而久之,就形成了一种“怪圈”,即一个英语单词对应一个中文意思(一个汉语词),翻译的时候,往往就会将英语单词与汉语词一一对应起来,结果造成翻译中用词不当的现象。
或者,有时在翻译中遇到不知该如何在目的语中进行表达,只靠单纯地查阅英汉词典或汉英词典,结果发现,英语的汉译文不够通顺,搭配不当,汉语的英译文就让人感觉词不达意。
实际上,英语单词与汉语词并非一一对应的关系,而应根据词所在的语境决定词在上下文中的涵义、词义的广狭、词的感情色彩词、词的语体色彩、词的联想意义等,然后根据这些意义在目的与中选择恰当的对应词(eqiuvalent).⏹Leech(利奇)在《语义学》中列举了七种意义类型:概念意义(conceptual meaning)内涵意义(connotative meaning)风格意义(stylistic meaning)情感意义(affective meaning)联想意义(reflected meaning)搭配意义(collocative meaning)主题意义(thematic meaning)⏹概念意义是意义的中心部分,是客观事物的反映与概括,也就是说,概念意义就是词典里收录的释义,具有约定俗成的特点;内涵意义是词汇的喻义和引申意义,是附加在概念意义之上的意义,不同的语境中,词的内涵意义不尽相同;风格意义指在不同的场合中词汇的运用会呈现不同的层次,不同历史时期、不同的说话人、不同的交际手段和方式等都会影响到词汇的风格意义;情感意义用来表达说话者的感情和态度,取决于词所描述的对象;联想意义是能引起听者或读者联想的意义,有些词可以引起愉快的联想,而有的词可以引起不愉快的联想,尤其是在不同的文化中,词的联想意义有很大的区别。
第二讲 翻译的标准
第二讲翻译原则、过程及方法翻译原则一、中国学者及翻译家的学说严复的“信、达、雅”三字标准信fidelity指忠实原文,达fluency指通顺,雅elegance 优雅美好鲁迅先生的“兼顾两面”论钱钟书先生的“化境”说矛盾先生的“忠实”、“通顺”准则林语堂的“忠实标准、通顺标准、美好标准”刘重德先生的“信、达、切”三字标准History of Argument“案本---求真---神似---化境”严复“信、达、雅”林语堂“忠、顺、美”梁实秋、赵景深“宁错务顺”鲁迅“宁信不顺”瞿秋白“信顺统一”傅雷“形似神似”钱钟书“入化境界”余光中“变通的艺术”“翻译如婚姻,是一种两相妥协的艺术。
譬如英文译成中文,既不能西风压倒东风,变成洋腔洋调的中文,也不许东风压倒西风,变成油腔滑调的中文,则东西之间势必相互妥协,以求‘两全之计’。
至于妥协到什么程度,以及哪一方应该多让一步,神而明之,变通之道,就要看每一位译者自己的修养了。
”二、外国学者及翻译家的学说“等值论”:以前苏联的费道罗夫为代表的:“等值翻译就是表达的原文思想内容完全准确并在修辞上、作用上与原文完全一致。
”“等效论”:奈达先生的“动态对等”(dynamic equivalence) 及“功能对等”(functional equivalence)学说,强调读者反应,即译文读者对译文所产生的反应与原文读者对原文所作出的反应基本一致。
英国历史学教授泰特勒(A. F. Tytler)在18世纪提出的翻译三原则:That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.译文应完整地再现原文地思想内容That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of theoriginal. 译文地风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 译文应像原文一样流畅自然三、三类翻译原则1. 以作者或读者两方中某一方为主要着眼点的原则中国汉唐时期的“文”与“质”之争(实际上是意译与直译之争)主张“文”的翻译家强调翻译的修辞和通顺强调译文的可读性(意译);主张“质”的翻译家则强调翻译的不增不减,强调翻译的忠实性(直译,甚至是硬译)。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章,主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄,是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1.【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题:G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词,在定语从句中做谓语,其主语是who(指代men and women),动作发生的地点是in World War II;空后的句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women,他们有 liberate的动作,由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人,即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思,所以选 B。
A 项 perform 意为“表现;执行;表演”;C 项 rebel 意为“造反,反抗”;D 项 betray 意为”背叛,出卖”,皆不符合文意,为干扰项。
2.【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应,同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致,因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对,后面的分句说他背井离乡,经历了很多苦难,显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄,所以选 B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上,事实上的”;C 项special 意为“特殊的,专门的”;D 项normal 意为“正常的,常态的”;皆不符合上下文语意,为干扰项。
3.【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系,需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语,先行词是who(the guy),宾语是all the burdens of battle,要表达“承担战争带来的负担,应该用动词bear 或shoulder,所以这里选 A,bore。
翻译二级口译实务2012年11月
翻译二级口译实务2012年11月(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、中译英(总题数:8,分数:32.00)1.崔天凯副部长在中美省州长对话开幕式上的致辞2011年10月19日(分数:4.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(Remarks by Vice Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai at the China-US Governors Dialogue 19 October 2011)解析:2.尊敬的赵洪祝书记、周强书记和各位中方省长,尊敬的葛瑞格尔州长和各位美国州长,尊敬的李小林会长、霍马茨副国务卿,各位来宾,女士们、先生们:(分数:4.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(Respected Secretary Zhao Hongzhu, Secretary Zhou Qiang and Chinese governors, Honorable Governor Gregoire and other US governors,President Li Xiaolin,Under Secretary Robert Hormats,Distinguished Guests,Ladies and Gentlemen,)解析:3.很高兴出席中美省州长对话。
首先,我代表外交部和杨洁篪外长对此次对话成功举行表示热烈祝贺。
长期以来,中美地方间合作是两国关系的重要基础和推动力量。
举办中美省州长对话是今年1月胡锦涛主席访美的重要成果,也是中国外交部和美国国务院鼎力支持的项目。
(高中段)第2讲从三个层面提升文言文翻译的规范度
一、由失分案例醒醒脑——知失分点 解答翻译题时,考生常常会有以下六种失分情形。 失误一 该留不留,强行翻译 [例 1] 予少多病,世之医往往与之游,率按前人成说而用之,未有心得 而能原其所以说者也。
(节选自张耒《庞安常墓志铭》) [考生翻译]
[失分评析] “前人”古今同义,不用翻译,却强行翻译为“以前的人”。 “其”指代的是“前人”,翻译成“他们”,反而会造成歧义。
[参考答案] “现在百姓生活在齐国不偷盗,进入楚国就偷盗,莫非楚国 的水土使百姓善于偷盗吗?”楚王笑着说:“圣人是不可以同他开玩笑的, 我反而遭到羞辱(自讨没趣)了。”
[总结] 有些文言虚词在句中没有什么实在意义。就其作用而言,有的起舒缓语 气、凑足音节的作用;有的是特殊句式的标志,如“廉颇,赵之良将也”中 的“也”是判断句式的标志词,又如“何陋之有”中的“之”是宾语前置的 标志词。就其位置而言,有些在句中,有些在句末,也有在句首的,如 “夫”“盖”“焉”等。 对这些虚词,翻译时可酌情删去,即不必译出。
失误三 该删不删,画蛇添足 [例 3] “今民生长于齐不盗,入楚则盗,得无楚之水土使民善盗耶?” 王笑曰:“圣人非所与熙也,寡人反取病焉。”
(节选自《晏子使楚》) [考生翻译]
[失分评析] ①“也”字在句末表示判断,上面考生的答案翻译成“也”, 明显是错误的。②“寡人反取病焉”中的“焉”是语气助词,上面的答案当成 了兼词“于之”,此处为语气词,可删掉不译。
[参考答案] 随从人员说:“徐君已经死去,那宝剑还给谁呢?” 参考译文:徐君喜欢季札的宝剑,但嘴里没敢说。季札心里也明白徐君之 意,但是他还要出使到中原各国,所以没献宝剑给徐君。出使回来又回到徐国, 徐君已死,季札解下他的宝剑,挂在徐君坟墓前的树上才离开。随从人员说: “徐君已经死去,那宝剑还给谁呢?”季子说:“不。当初我内心已答应了他, 怎能因为徐君死了而违背自己的心愿呢!” [总结] 古汉语常见句子倒装现象(特别是宾语前置、状语后置、谓语前置、定语 后置等文言句式),我们翻译时要调整过来,使之合乎现代汉语语法规范与现 代语言习惯。否则,语言不合规范,不仅会影响句意的理解,更会造成自己翻 译题的失分。
中译第2讲2012
中级笔译第二讲3. 英译汉技巧3.1 选词技巧3.1.1 根据词性选词He is up in mathematics.他精通数学。
They went up wind.他们迎风而行。
The ship is sailing up the river.这船正向河的上游航行。
The new museum is up and opens to the public.新博物馆已落成开放。
We all have our ups and downs.命运盛衰无定。
(人生总有起起落落)Prices are being upped by 20 %.价格上涨了百分之二十。
She upped and threw the teapot at him.她跳起来, 将茶壶向他掷去。
3.1.2 根据搭配选词good soil肥沃的土壤a good money真的货币a good river畅通的河道a heavy eater食量大的人heavy food难消化的食物That beat me.真把我难住了。
We can beat them.我们可以打败他们。
3.1.3 根据上下文选词No context, no text.His spoken English isn‟t good enough because of lack of exposu re.他的英语口语不太好,因为缺乏英语环境。
Throughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.几个世纪以来, 伦敦堪称世界一流城市。
Oxford claims a large share in the making of England.牛津大学对英国的发展贡献很大。
The explosion claimed more than twenty lives.这次爆炸使20多人丧生。
An aggressive country is always ready to start a war.一个好侵略的国家总是挑起战争。
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中级笔译第二讲3. 英译汉技巧3.1 选词技巧3.1.1 根据词性选词He is up in mathematics.他精通数学。
They went up wind.他们迎风而行。
The ship is sailing up the river.这船正向河的上游航行。
The new museum is up and opens to the public.新博物馆已落成开放。
We all have our ups and downs.命运盛衰无定。
(人生总有起起落落)Prices are being upped by 20 %.价格上涨了百分之二十。
She upped and threw the teapot at him.她跳起来, 将茶壶向他掷去。
3.1.2 根据搭配选词good soil肥沃的土壤a good money真的货币a good river畅通的河道a heavy eater食量大的人heavy food难消化的食物That beat me.真把我难住了。
We can beat them.我们可以打败他们。
3.1.3 根据上下文选词No context, no text.His spoken English isn‟t good enough because of lack of exposu re.他的英语口语不太好,因为缺乏英语环境。
Throughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.几个世纪以来, 伦敦堪称世界一流城市。
Oxford claims a large share in the making of England.牛津大学对英国的发展贡献很大。
The explosion claimed more than twenty lives.这次爆炸使20多人丧生。
An aggressive country is always ready to start a war.一个好侵略的国家总是挑起战争。
An aggressive young man can go far in our firm.一个富有进取心的年轻人在我们公司前途无量。
The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties.那次非法搜查是对他们公民自由权的侵犯。
Our conference did in the end make detailed plans for the invasion. The date was to be 1May, 1944.我们的会议最后确实制定了进攻的详细计划, 进攻日期定在1944 年5 月1日。
3.2 增词技巧3.2.1增加适当的数量词、单字重叠或其他表示复数概念的词。
如:“们、一批、许多、几次、几个、大量、之类、一些、那些、各种、种种”等。
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红曰从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
the Soviet Union,the United States,England and France苏、美、英、法四国In spite of the difficulties, our task was got over well.虽然有各种困难,但我们的任务已顺利完成。
3.2.2 增加宾语。
英语不及物动词有隐含宾语,译成汉语时往往需要把它清楚表达出来。
to wash before meal饭前洗手Day after day she came to her work - sweeping, scrubbing and cleaning.她每天来干活——扫地,擦地板,收拾房间。
3.2.3 翻译英语省略句时,根据汉语习惯增加省略的部分。
We won‟t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退,我们从来没后退过,我们将来也决不后退。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实;讨论使人机智;写作使人准确。
doing3.2.4增加语气词。
英译汉时一味照字面直译, 会导致误译,或是虽勉强可懂, 但达不到原文作者所要表达的效果。
增加语气词可较好地解决这一问题。
“I‟m sorry for it, Miss Catherine.” It was my response, and I p roceeded assiduously with my occupation .(Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte)“真是对不起了,凯瑟琳小姐!”我应道,然后又只管埋头干我的活。
Well, mankind is not doing a very good job of running the earth right now.(Maybe when the time comes, we ought to step gracefully aside and hand over the job to someone who can do it better.)唉,反正人类现在也没有做好管理地球的工作。
3.2.5增关联词,使得上下文衔接紧密,语气较为顺畅。
Being a good conductor, copper is generally used to conduct electricity.因为铜是一种良导体,故一般用它导电。
Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.假如没有重力,地球周围就没有空气。
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ;it was the age of wisdom ,it was the age of foolishness ;it was the epoch of belief ,it was the epoch of incredulity. (A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens)这是一个盛隆之世, 但也是一个衰微之世; 这是一个智慧的时代, 但也是一个愚蠢的时代;这是一个有信仰的新纪元, 但也是一个充满怀疑的新纪元。
3.2.6 增加具体名词, 如:“状态”、“工作”、“过程”、“现象”、“方式”、“情况”、“作用”、“部分”、“方面”、“化”等词。
The teacher is not satisfied with our preparation.老师对我们的准备工作不满意。
militarily, politically and economically军事、政治、经济方面Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computer.译文1:速度、可靠性是电子计算机的主要优点。
译文1:速度快、可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。
3.2.7根据汉语的措辞习惯,增词He was weak and old.他又老又虚弱。
These commodities are cheap and fine.这些商品又便宜又好。
glib tongue油嘴滑舌live and learn活到老,学到老3.3 减词技巧英汉比较:If there is food, let everyone share it.有饭大家吃。
3.3.1省代词。
He who has never reached the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
3.3.2省重复词Through Tom I learned: ……Nothing is impossible and never, never give up or quit.”在汤姆身上我学到了:“一切皆有可能。
永远不要放弃。
”3.3.3省连接词We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.我们,尤其中美两国的青年一代,必须齐心协力,共同迎接挑战,共同创造光辉灿烂的新世纪。
The parties must act in accordance with the principle of good faith, no matter (whether) in exercising rights or in performing obligations.当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。
3.3.4 省动词Without sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?如果对自己的错误都不认识怎么能悔恨和改正呢。
3.3.5 为了表现汉语简练、紧凑、清晰的修辞特点。
the old,the weak,the sick and the disabled老、弱、病、残者in the course of the same year同年the earliest possible date尽早advertisement and commercials广告As it is late, let us go to bed.不早了,睡吧!3.4 词义引申技巧3.4.1词义具体化将原文中词义比较宽泛、笼统、抽象概念或一般行为的词引申为具体的意义或动作,即缩小外延而丰富内涵,符合译文的语义逻辑和表达习惯。
There is much woman about him.他的举止颇带女人气。
woman“女人”→女人气There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.要完全掌握集成电路技术,必须要分三步走。
graduate from “毕业于”→完全掌握Is the emigration of intelligence to become an issue as absorbing as the immigration of strong muscle?知识分子移居国外是不是会和体力劳动者迁居国内一样构成令人注目的问题?intelligence“智力”→“知识分子”muscle“体力”→“体力劳动者”A pale face of a young woman was raised feebly from the pillow; and a faint voice imperfectly articulated the words, “Let me see the child, and die.”imperfectly:有缺点地;articulate:清楚地表达一个年轻女子有气无力地从枕头上仰起毫无血色的面孔,用微弱的声音含糊不清地吐出这样几个字来:“让我看看孩子再死。