四级翻译讲义
四六级翻译讲义考研资料
四六级翻译讲义主讲老师：薛非一、大纲解读四级考试：要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度较低的汉语段落翻译成英语。
段落内容涉及中国文化、历史及社会发展。
译文基本准确地表达原文的意思，语句通顺，句式和用词较为恰当。
能运用基本的翻译策略。
能在半个小时内将长度为140到160个汉字的段落译成英语。
六级考试：要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度中等的汉语段落翻译成英语。
段落内容涉及中国的文化、历史及社会发展。
译文基本准确地表达原文的意思，语句流畅，句式运用恰当，用词贴切。
能较好地运用翻译策略。
能在半个小时内将长度为180到200个汉字的段落译成英语。
档次描述14分档译文准确表达了原文的意思。
译文流畅，结构清晰，用词贴切，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
11分档译文基本表达了原文的意思。
结构较为清晰，语言通顺，但有少量语言错误。
8分档译文勉强表达了原文的意思。
译文勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
5分档译文仅表达了小部分原文的意思。
译文连贯性差，有相当多的严重语言错误。
2分档除个别词语或句子，译文基本没有表达原文的意思。
二、提高方式要想提高汉英翻译，以下三点为必经之路：掌握英汉对比、学习翻译技巧、大量刻意练习。
1.形合vs.意和●语法范畴：词性、冠词、单复数、时态、语态、语气、及物、比较。
●句法范畴：英文严谨，多长难句，多指代；汉语自由，多小短句，多缺失。
金庸是著名作家。
知己知彼，百战不殆。
I won’t go until he comes.If winter comes,can spring be far behind?他走了进来，鼻子冻得通红。
小红的头发比小明长。
那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。
There’s life’s rhythm is slower than most Chinese cities.Rhythm of life there is slower than most Chinese cities’.The pace of life there is slower than that of most Chinese cities.2.被动vs.主动●英文多被动，汉语多主动与隐形被动。
大学英语四级翻译基础阶段讲义
大学英语四级翻译基础阶段讲义提要翻译?经典翻译案例赏析尴尬的翻译思考判断一下?尝试一下?题目演练 1翻译技巧总结 1翻译做题步骤题目演练 2“是”的翻译技巧改变一下?名句欣赏多动句解题方法无主句解题方法经典案例赏析无主句翻译技巧总结 2一、修饰后置二、多动句三、无主句翻译?Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.—— Columbia Encyclopedia 翻译本身一种错误?Translation is like dancing with chains.Translation is like a girl，the more beautiful，the more unfaithful. Translation is the art of failure.四级翻译评分标准大师如何说翻译?译事三难：信、达、雅。
——严复The standard of true；The standard fluent；The standard of beauty.——林语堂经典翻译案例赏析use for delight is in privatene ss and retiring；for ornamentꎬ is in discourse；and for abilityꎬ is in the judgmentꎬ and disposition of business.—— Francis Bacon 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中，其长才也，最见于处事判事之际。
王佐良译Able was I ere I saw Elba.我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的。
在我看到 Elba 岛之前，我曾所向无敌。
不到俄岛我不倒。
四级翻译讲义
四级翻译讲义大学英语四级翻译讲义英语翻译三步曲第一：找主干第二：定时态第三：加修饰第一、找主干什么是句子的主干？――主要成份第二、定时态如何确定时态？找信号词A一般现在时信号词：现在、是、总是、给谓语构成：be动词（am/is are）动词原形（do/does）B 一般过去时信号词：过去某个具体时间点(从前、早在、在2011年,朝代）相传，据说谓语构成：be（was，were）或者didC.现在完成时信号词：（副词）到目前为止，已经，自从，在近……以来，早就（助词）了，过，结构：have/ has + done (动词的过去分词)表示完成时的时间状语标志D.一般将来时信号词：将来、会、可以…谓语构成：will (be going to)+doE 现在进行时信号词：正在、此时此刻、（助词）正……着谓语构成：be（am/is are）+doingF.情态动词结构:should/may/can/could/must等+do信号词：将，可能，也许时间状语一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶。
(1312四）An emperor found the tea five thousand years ago.在明清期间，茶馆遍布全国。
(1312四）During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tea houses were widespread all over the country.几个世纪以来，西湖一直以其秀美风景而闻名于世。
For centuries, the West Lake has been well-known for its beautiful scenery.地点状语“中国结”(Chinese Knot)在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。
(1312四）Chinese Knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese.好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡. (1312四）Good cooks always try to seek balance among grains, meat and vegetables.方式状语中国应进一步发展核能. (1406四）China should further develop the nuclear energy.食物对健康至关重要.(1312四）Food is crucially important to health.阅读对于中小学生尤为重要.(1406四）Reading is crucially important to primary and middle school students.目的状语为了，针对，以用to do 形式为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除（样题）。
大学英语四级翻译讲义
大学英语四级翻译讲义自2013年12月起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整，其中取消了原题型中的综合部分，并将原来的单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英，占考试比例的15%。
新四级考试大纲规定翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等，长度为140-160个汉字。
主要是考察学生运用汉译英基本的理论与技巧，在30分钟内将要求译出的部分译完，译文要求忠实原文，语言表达通顺流畅。
一、翻译的标准：信、达、雅1.译文应该完整地再现原文内容2.译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同3.译文应像原文一样流畅自然二、翻译三部曲：1.通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，确定语法成分和句型。
考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语，而是要首先阅读整个段落，确定要求翻译的句子在整个英语段落中的语法成分和句型结构。
确定语法成分以后，考生要有意识地审查时态，要特别注意句中的时间状语，并对照段落的时态。
在翻译中常见时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等。
此外，还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目，避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。
例如：中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
分析：前半句话应该用一般现在时，而后半句则应该用一般过去时，因为讲的明清时代的事情。
汉语中一般会省略主语，在翻译英语时一定要将省略的主语补充上。
再有英语中的逗号与中文的逗号意义不同，因此译成英语时要慎用逗号。
译文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than1，500years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.2.付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误经过仔细的斟酌以后，真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多，但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题，因此考生应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。
四级翻译讲义
第一讲虚拟语气虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1. (should)+动词原形的情形(已考)2. if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)3. wish, if only, it is time…的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1．在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。
He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。
注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。
When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。
参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)2．在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中------上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。
WeLearn.四级翻译lesson3讲义
课后练习：假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。
根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。
同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。
因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。
另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
1. 假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。
The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes .2. 根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。
According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development .3. 同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。
At the same time, the consumption view of Chinese people is getting mature in the vigorous development of holiday economy.4. 因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。
Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.5. 另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.译文：The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes . According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development . At the same time, the consumption view of Chinese people is getting maturein the vigorous development of holiday economy. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.3. 定语的翻译：1）前制定语的翻译：形容词+ 名词污染环境：environmental pollution科学研究：scientific research精心准备的中餐：well-prepared Chinese food优雅多彩的艺术和工艺：elegant and colorful art and craft中国最为流行的传统民间艺术：the most popular traditional folk art in China2）后置定语的翻译：名词+修饰成分名词+ 介词短语名词+ 现在分词名词+ 过去分词名词+ 不定式名词+ 形容词名词+ 形容词短语濒危物种：endangered species；species in danger中国传统和文化的重要组成部分：the important part of Chinese tradition and culture4. 定语从句的翻译：定语从句的特征：1）同一个名词重复:2) 出现指代上文的代词3) …的+名词，句中出现谓语动词例子1：这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁（14.12 大熊猫）以竹为食的：bamboo-eating animals；animals which live on bamboo.面临：face, confront, be faced withThese animals which live on bamboos are faced with many threats.例子2：越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。
【CET-4-翻译】大学英语四级翻译讲座-PPT课件
在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个 句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英 文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达， 二是句法。
1、简介
评分原则及标准 1、整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。 2、结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不 当，得0.5分。 3、整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。 4、整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5、大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。
(请求), require (需要、要求), ask (要求), prefer (宁愿), arrange ( 安
排), recommend(推荐), advocate ( 拥护、提倡), maintain (坚决主张) 等后面的宾语从句中。 hand in our research reports 89．The professor required that we ____________________________ (我们交研究报告). （06.06）
陈述句+or+虚拟主句
第三种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth.”(should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有：
insist (坚持) , suggest (建议), order(命令), propose (建议), demand (要求), command (命令), advise (建议), desire (要求、请求), request
第五种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建 议 的意思。 从句谓语形式为：动词过去式。
例如：
It is time (that) we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。
四级翻译讲义
困遇孤岛孤遇困
若非孤岛孤非若（弱）
落败孤岛孤败落
It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.
这是一批卓越能干的人民——因为所有这些行动迟缓、瞌睡稀稀、呆如树獭的人都留在家乡了。(余立三译)
什么在英语当中表示“草”？fish
A loose fish（道德上）放荡不羁的人Drink like a fish牛饮
不要班门弄斧Don’t teach a fish to swim.
以上句子的翻译还可以这样：
兔子不吃窝边草Never fish in your neighbor’s pond.
好马不吃回头草If you let a fish off, you let it off.
改变一下？
《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。
Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese history novel(a novel based on Chinese history stories).
做秘书与人们所想象的不同。
Being a secretary is different from what people would imagine.
做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。
——许渊冲
我爱你青松气质，我爱你红梅品格。
I love your temperament of the pine,and your character of the red plum.
WeLearn.四级翻译lesson1讲义
四级翻译一. 题型简介全国大学英语四级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整文段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材。
题目要求：四级长度为140-160 个汉字；六级长度为180-200 个汉字。
做题时间：30 分钟分数：15% （106.5 分）历年真题回顾：2013. 12：中餐，茶文化，中国结2014. 6：核能，农村教育，读书的重要性2014. 12：旅游，大熊猫，互联网，假日经济2015. 6：中国经济，中国主食，中国快递2015. 12：望子成龙，丽江古镇，汉语比赛2016. 6：功夫，风筝，乌镇2016. 12：红色，白色，黄色2017. 6：长江，珠江，黄河2017. 12：华山，黄山，泰山二. 评分标准本题满分为15 分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15 分、10-12 分、7-9 分、4-6 分、1-3 分和0 分。
各档次的评分标准见下表：档次评判标准13-15 分译文准确表达了原文的意思。
用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
10-12 分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。
文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
7-9 分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。
用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
4-6 分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。
用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。
1-3 分译文支离破碎。
除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。
0 分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
总标准：卷面整洁，无漏翻译，无太多错误1. 卷面不整洁，酌情扣分2. 无过多语法错误否则：不高于65 分（1）主谓一致（2）缺谓语/多谓语（3）非谓语动词的误用3. 无过多细小错误1). 时态：注意中文提示词：正在—be doing已，已经—has/have done将，将会—will do2). 拼写错误：假期：vocation/vacation态度：attitude/altitude/aptitude3). 用词错误：厨师：cook/chef误：cooker食客：diner晚餐：dinner误：eating people4).词性误用烹饪技巧：cooking skills误: cook skills5). 冠词错误the need of self-defense误：need of self-defense6). 大小写错误7). 单复数错误phenomenon/phenomena, criterion /criteria未雨绸缪：plan ahead许多人喜欢中餐。
大学英语四级翻译讲义.doc
大学英语四级翻译讲义翻译注意事项：第一步：首先看懂英文，也许已经给你主语或宾语了或者限制了中文翻译的结构和时态等。
第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。
注意谓语动词的时态（过去时，现在时，将来时？），语态（主动还是被动？）和语气（虚拟语气吗？）第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。
名词注意单复数和是否该名词前是否需要冠词。
翻译注意结构事项：看到中文后，一定要看清汉语结构：主语---谓语---宾语主语和宾语一般都是名词，而谓语是动词中文的定语可以是动词（the data obtained, material used），名词(information technology, the population of the world, political problem, the matter of self-respect)，形容词(things available in nature)，词组(many in medical community)和从句(the task we face is …)；那么他们应该相应的在英语处于一个什么样的位置呢？把中文翻译好英文后，我们是否检查我们翻译的英文句子的主语和宾语的单复数及冠词使用问题；谓语动词的时态，语态和语气问题呢？一．主语的确定：确定主语时，必须符合英语的语言习惯和英美等国的文化习惯1. When I came back, I found that my parents ___(晚饭准备好了)2. When I came back, I found that _ __(晚饭准备好了)3. 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市4. 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人5. _________________________________ ( 没有人不称赞他们 ) for their great accomplishment二．确定谓语1. 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起了化学药物爆炸2. 从这次讲座中我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识3. The manager would rather his daughter________ (不在一个办公室内工作).4. The sports meet originally due to be held lastFriday___________________(最终因天气不好而取消了).5. Since I was employed by this company, ____(我从工作中得到很大的满足感).三．特殊结构训练1.I have had great deal of trouble ________.(跟上班上的其他同学2.A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,____________(正如预料的那样).3. Some women ____________ (本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family4. Over a third of the population was estimated________(无法获得) to the health service5. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used___________(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture6. The price of beer________________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season7、Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I_____________ ( 本来不必从银行借钱的8. By the time you get to New York, I_______________ (已经动身去) London9. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _____(打扰我) that evening10.________ ___(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation11. I_________________ (将要做实验) from three to five this afternoon12. But for his help, I ____________(我不可能这么早完成).13. He wears a pair of sunglasses______（惟恐被别人认出来）14. She never dreams of _______________________(被派到国外).15. The fifth generation computer, with artificial intelligence,__________________(正在研制) and perfected now.16. I would _____________________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate17. ___________（给我印象最深的）were her liveliness and sense of humor18. __________（直到失去健康）that people know the value of health19. You should report any incident, _______(不管事情是大是小)20. We need a new captain ________ (能鼓舞士气的).21. ____________________ (假期结束)，the students came back to school22. Norway, Finland and Austria _________ (分别获得第一、第二和第三名).23. Only then___________________________ (他才了解事情的复杂性)24. The report said that the sample water had too much lead in it,_______________（可能对我们的健康有害25. Man should not exploit the natural resources_________ ( 以牺牲其他物种为代价).强化练习87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案)88. (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.89.You’d better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷)90.Throught the project, many people have received training and (决定自己创业)91.the anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它)87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了).89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重).90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关)87. You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做).88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求).89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).91. The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).87.___________________(为了确保他参加会议)，I called him up in advance.88.The significant museum________________(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.89.There would be no life on earth _______________ (没有地球独特的环境)。
WeLearn.四级翻译lesson4讲义
四级翻译lesson4练习：珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。
珠江三角洲是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000 平方公里。
它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。
珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700 多万人口。
上世纪70 年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。
1. 珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。
The Pearl River, China’s third longest river, is a major river system in Southern China and flows through the city of Guangzhou second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.2. 珠江三角洲是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000 平方公里。
The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers3. 它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。
It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.4. 珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700 多万人口。
The nine largest cities of PRD have a population of over 57 million in total.5. 上世纪70 年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。
Since China‘s reform and open in the late 1970s, the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.译文：The Pearl River, China’s third longest river, is a major river system in Southern China and flows through the city of Guangzhou second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is the largest urban area in the world in both sizeand population. The nine largest cities of PRD have a population of over 57 million in total. Since China‘s reform and open in the late 1970s, the Delta has become one of the leading economic regions and a major manufacturing center of China and the world.5. 状语的翻译：1). 时间地点状语的翻译：句首或句末例子1：在春节和婚庆期间During the Spring Festival and wedding ceremonies/ celebrations例子2：在封建社会中in feudal society2). 目的，比较，原因专业的翻译：尽量往前例子1：以增加喜庆的气氛增加：enhance喜庆的：joyous；happy气氛：atmospherein order to enhance the happy atmosphere例子2：为了促进教育公平促进：promote；boost公平：educational fairness/equality; the fairness of educationin order to promote educational fairensss3). 伴随状语的翻译一个完整的句子+实意动词，将第二个动词改成v-ing/v-ed 形式。
英语四级翻译专项讲解
Grammar error
总结词
表达不足是翻译中常见的问题，主要表现在对原文的理解和表达上。
要点一
要点二
详细描述
考生在翻译时可能因为对原文的理解不够深入或表达能力有限，导致译文无法准确传达原文的含义。例如，将“I love you”翻译为“我爱你”，实际上应该翻译为“I am in love with you”，以更准确地表达爱意。
Summary: This question tests the student's ability to translate a passage from English into Chinese, focusing on complex sentence structures and vocabulary usage.
01
Overview of the English Translation Test Band 4
CHAPTER
Translation skills
Candidates are required to have a good command of translation skills, including the ability to translate English into Chinese and vice versa.
语法错误也是翻译中的常见问题，主要表现在句子的结构、时态、语态等方面。
考生在翻译时可能因为对英语语法规则掌握不够熟练，导致句子结构混乱、时态错误或语态不当。例如，将“He is a teacher”翻译为“他是一位老师”，实际上应该翻译为“He is being a teacher”。
总结词
详细描述
Translation of economic articles
第九讲：大学英语四级翻译第一讲
一、大学英语四级翻译的组成部分：四级翻译主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法，要求理解正确，译文达意。
一般翻译的考察点主要在于词组、被动语态、特殊句型、从句等的翻译。
这部分能否达标的关键在于考生的词汇量及语法知识等的掌握是否牢固。
做好翻译的注意事项：1.翻译要忠实于原文2.翻译不要太拘泥。
好的翻译是形式与内容的统一3.能够直译尽量不要意译4.翻译的过程应是先理解再表达二、大学英语四级考试翻译技巧在翻译的考试中，内容每年千变万化，但句式永远是那么几个套路，包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、倒装、虚拟、否定、强调、比较结构。
而内容要准备什么，那就是单词的问题。
这些词汇与阅读中的核心词汇是相通的，因此翻译和阅读应该放在一起来复习，共同解决长难句和词汇问题。
例如：1. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum (找到去历史博物馆的路).Have no trouble + (in) doing sth.2.In order to support my university studies/ to finance my education（为了挣钱供我上学），mother often takes on more work than is good for her.)3.The professor required that we should hand in our research reports(我们递交研究报告)。
4.The more you explain,the more confused I am (我愈糊涂).5.Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company(但他被公司解雇了).大学英语四级考试翻译练习一1. ________________________ (还要经过一段时间)before he would see his father again.2. They could hardly keep themselves alive, ____________________ (更别提照顾老婆孩子).3. I tend to feel that the fact ______________________ (和你以前告诉我的不一致).4. My father seemed to __________________ (没心情看我的学校成绩报告单).5. Putting in a new window will _____________________ (拆除部分屋顶).大学英语四级考试翻译练习二1. She __________________ (感到内疚) about not telling the police what had actually happened.2. Many a time _____________(警告过那孩子不要玩火) but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.3. In manufacturing industries some types of plastics have become _____________(取代了金属).4. Without a sure supply of water, farming in that area remains _________________ (靠天吃饭).5. It was because she was inexperienced ____________________(她不知道如何应对这种形式).大学英语四级考试翻译练习三1. It is easy to see that the people of different cultures ___________________ (总是相互借鉴的).2. Tom kept quiet about the accident _____________________ (为了不丢掉他的工作).3. The government that refuses to meet the needs of its people ______________ (必定自食其果). 4．______________________ (从太空看)，the earth looks like a huge water covered globe.5. Industrial communities should be close enough to crowded centers ______________ (但也要足够远以降低潜在的危机).大学英语四级考试翻译练习四1. _________ (批评与自我批评是非常必要的)in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.2. Frequently single-parent children take on some of the functions that _____________ (这些义务本来由他的父亲或母亲履行的).3. Despite __________________________（机票涨价），most people still prefer to travel by plane.4. ______________ (工人们的要求是适度的)，they only asked for a small raise in their wages.5. __________________________ (我宁愿出来找工作)instead of moping around here every day. 大学英语四级考试翻译练习五1. Now _______________________ (需要学习外语)is becoming greater and greater.2. Everybody seemed to have known about his scandal, and only __________ (他妻子蒙在鼓里).3. The patients’heath failed to _______________________ (严重恶化需要精心护理).4. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that ________ (这一每体的影响力被夸大了).5. ______ (如果这种动物的数量少了)，our future generation won’t even have a chance to see it.大学英语四级考试翻译练习六1. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that ________ (我都拿不定主意买哪一种).2. The light in the office is still on._________________________ (他忘记关了).3. His composition was so confusing that _____________________________ (我简直看不懂).4. As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like _____________________ (吃饭不消化).5. _______________________ (他的回答是这样) that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.大学英语四级考试翻译练习七1. The substance does not dissolve in water _______________________ (不管是否加热).2. Not only _______________ (他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ________________________ (与我的相比).4. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _________(一半的钱)in a day in Leeds as in London.5. By contrast, America mothers were more likely _______ (把孩子的成功归因于)natural talent.大学英语四级考试翻译练习一1. _____________________(还要经过一段时间) before he would see his father again.2. They could hardly keep themselves alive, __________________ (更别提照顾老婆孩子).3. I tend to feel that the fact ______________________ (和你以前告诉我的不一致).4. My father seemed to __________________ (没心情看我的学校成绩报告单).5. Putting in a new window will _____________________ (拆除部分屋顶).讲解：2. They could hardly keep themselves alive, let alone look after a wife and children. (更别提照顾老婆孩子)(本题考查let alone 的用法，意思是“更别提”，let alone后接动词原型)3. I tend to feel that the fact is not consistent with what you told me before. (和你以前告诉我的不一致)(本题考查形容词的用法，be consistent with为固定搭配，意思是“与…一致”)4. My father seemed to be in no mood to look at my school report. (没心情看我的学校成绩报告单)(本题考查固定词组“be in no mood to”意思是“没有做…的心情”)大学英语四级考试翻译练习二1. She __________________ (感到内疚) about not telling the police what had actually happened.2. Many a time _____________(警告过那孩子不要玩火) but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.3. In manufacturing industries some types of plastics have become _____________(取代了金属).4. Without a sure supply of water, farming in that area remains _________________ (靠天吃饭).5. It was because she was inexperienced ____________________(她不知道如何应对这种形式). 讲解：1. She had a guilty conscience (感到内疚) about not telling the police what had actually happened.(本题考查形容词搭配，have a guilty conscience about意思为“内疚”)2. Many a time has the child been told not to play with fire (警告过那孩子不要玩火) but he turns a deaf ear to the warnings.(本题考查倒装结构，此句中“but”是并列连词，连接两个并列句，状语many a time放在句首，句子要倒装)3. In manufacturing industries some types of plastics have become a substitute for metal (取代了金属).(本题考查名词辨析与搭配，名词substitute常用于“substitute for”结构中，意为“替代”)4.Without a sure supply of water, farming in that area remains at the mercy of the weather (靠天吃饭)(本题考查mercy的用法，at the mercy of 意为“任凭…的摆布”“完全收…的支配”)5.It was because she was inexperienced that she didn’t know how to deal with the situation (她不知道如何应对这种形式)(本题考查强调句型，这是一个it is …that…的强调句型，强调部分because she was inexperienced)大学英语四级考试翻译练习三1. It is easy to see that the people of different cultures ___________________ (总是相互借鉴的).2. Tom kept quiet about the accident _____________________ (为了不丢掉他的工作).3. The government that refuses to meet the needs of its people ______________ (必定自食其果). 4．______________________ (从太空看)，the earth looks like a huge water covered globe.5. Industrial communities should be close enough to crowded centers ______________ (但也要足够远以降低潜在的危机).讲解：1. It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other (总是相互借鉴的)(本题考查完成时态和相互代词。
《四级翻译讲解》课件
在翻译长句时，需要进行适当的断句和重组，确保译文符合目标语言的语法规则和表达习惯。同时， 需要注意长句中的逻辑关系和层次结构，避免出现语意混淆或表述不清的情况。
03
常见翻译错误分析
选词错误
总结词
选词错误是翻译中常见的问题，由于对词汇含义理解不准确或使用不当，导致译文出现 偏差。
详细描述
在进行翻译时，应充分理解原文含义，选择最符合语境的词汇进行表达。对于一词多义 的情况，需要根据上下文和语境进行判断和选择。同时，要注意词汇的搭配和习惯用法
理解原文，准确翻译
总结词
准确理解原文是翻译的基础。
详细描述
考生需要具备扎实的语言基础，包括词汇、语法和阅读 理解能力，能够准确理解原文的含义和语境，确保翻译 的准确性。
语言通顺，表达地道
总结词
语言通顺、表达地道是翻译的追求。
详细描述
考生在翻译时需要注意语言表达的流畅性和地道性， 尽可能避免语法错误和生硬的语言表达，使译文更加 自然、流畅。
中式英语
总结词
中式英语是指由于受到母语影响，在翻译过 程中出现的不符合目标语言习惯的表达方式 。
详细描述
在进行翻译时，应尽量摆脱母语的干扰，遵 循目标语言的表达习惯和规范。对于可能产 生中式英语的地方，要进行适当的调整和修 改，使译文更加自然流畅。同时，可以多阅 读目标语言的原文和优秀译文，提高自己的 语言敏感度和表达能力。
提高翻译速度
总结词
提高翻译速度是应对考试的重要能力。
详细描述
考生需要通过大量的练习和积累，提高自己的翻译速度 ，确保在考试有限的时间内完成所有题目的翻译。同时 ，也需要注重翻译的质量和准确性，不要因为追求速度 而牺牲了翻译的质量。
大学英语四级翻译讲义
大学英语四级翻译讲义农历(the lunar calendar)起源于数千年前的中国,根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。
长期以来,农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。
古人依据农历记录日期、安排农活,以便最有效地利用自然资源和气候条件,提高农作物的产量和质量。
中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的日期都基于农历。
农历是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。
The lunar calendar originated in China thousands of years ago and was formulated based on the movements of the sun and the moon.For a long time, the lunar calendar has played an important role in agricultural production and people’s daily lives.Ancient people used the lunar calendar to record dates and arrange farming activities to make the most efficient use of natural resources and climatic conditions,thereby improving the yield and quality of crops.Traditional Chinese festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all based on the lunar calendar.The lunar calendar is an important part of traditional Chinese culture and is still widely used today.四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑,其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周,将院子合围在中间。
大学英语四级翻译讲解
热点话题
真题范例 （2）他们现在经常[在智能手机上]看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。 解析：文章：articles；传统的：traditional；而不：rather than / instead of
（3）(大量移动应用程序的)开发使人们[能用手机]读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，（纸质书籍 的）销售受到了影响。 解析：本剧考查“一主多动词”的翻译考点，可选择“用（use）”作谓语，将“读（read）”作目的 to read；或者选择“读（read）”作谓语，那么“用”处理成方式“with”。“受到影响”考查被动 结构：be affected by；纸质书籍：paper books；移动应用程序：mobile apps；开发：development； 形式：form；文学作品：literature works；小说：novels （4）但调查显示，[尽管手机阅读市场稳步增长]，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。 解析：考查状语的翻译；调查：survey；市场：market；稳步：steadily；超半数：more than half of；成年人：adult
3.第5句“他的诗浪漫、豪迈，想象力丰富”是中文的无动词句。翻译时，把“他的诗浪漫”转 换为主干(his poems are romantic)，将“豪迈，想象力丰富”转换为状语，用介词短语with heroic style and rich imagination来表达。
4.最后一句可直译成并列结构，“推向……高度”用take…to a height来表达，“对……产生 深远的影响”则用exerted a far-reaching influence oil…的表达方式。
1
翻译考点
名胜古迹
考察中国各种有名的山河湖 海，楼，景点，村庄。
四级翻译讲义 浙江农林
1信息和沟通对现代社会和企业组织是非常重要的。
了解工作环境的一个方法是把一个企业组织看作一个沟通系统。
一个企业组织如果具有公开的沟通渠道，信息真实可靠，以及全方位沟通，那么其工作效能将会更高，在这里比在一个企图封闭信息沟通或曲解甚至欺骗的企业组织中更适宜工作。
领导层如果让员工蒙在鼓里，员工就会对领导不信任。
这就破坏了他们的合作。
懂得开诚布公沟通的价值和重要性是不难的。
然而，能够这样做的企业并不多见。
从长远来看，不良沟通，会破坏整个企业组织。
限制沟通和曲解信息是鼠目寸光的做法。
我们必须摆脱这些愚昧、短视的束缚，致力于营造一个确保客观信息为基础的沟通体系。
2. 中华民族历来爱好自由和和平，中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。
中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。
任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。
任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础，我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫，歧视和欺凌的自由。
3. 语言和文化学习，对儿童来说并不存在特定的程序和计划，但是由于语言是儿童得偿所愿最有效的方式，因而他们学语言的主观能动性是很高的。
如果一个人在少年时期就学一门新的语言，那么（将来）很可能说得很流利。
但如果成年还没有学语言，母语的一些习惯特征就会根深蒂固。
不仅语言学习呈现这种模式，文化秉性，如握手、接吻和拥抱，也同样如此。
尽管许多人认为语言只存在于字典和语法书中，其实它只存在于人的头脑里。
文化秉性亦然。
在没有时间考虑何取何舍而必须作出关键性决定时，如跳进湍急的水流中去救一个溺水的孩子，文化秉性会清楚的表现了一个人的价值体系。
4. 中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。
同时，中国政府考虑到美国政府承认了世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分，中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。
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CET-4 Translation2007-1287.___________________________________________ (多亏了一系列新发明），doctors cantreat this disease successfully.88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that __________________________________(我比以前更容易累了)。
89. I am going to pursue this course, __________________________________________(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲）.90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because_________________________________________________ (它更加方便和省时）.91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life______________________________________________(能够借到多少来衡量的）, not how much they can earn.Translation Exercises (2)2007-687. The findings of this study failed to _____________________________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________________________________ (我们可以合作的领域).89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ____________________________________ (决定退出比赛).90. To make donations or for more information, please _____________________________ (按以下地址和我们联系).91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ___________________________________ (如果你方便的话).2006-1287. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to__________________________________________________. (适应不同文化中的生活) 88. Since my childhood I have found that _______________________________________. (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)89. The victim __________________________________________ (本来会有机会活下来) ifhe had been taken to hospital in time.90. Some psychologists claim that people _________________________________________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)91. The nation’s population continues to rise ________________________________ (以每年1200万人的速度)Translation Exercises (4)2006-687. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble_____________________________________________ (找到去历史博物馆的路).88. ____________________________________________ (为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother oftentakes on more work than is good for her.89. The professor required that ____________________________________ (我们交研究报告)。
90. The more you explain, __________________________________ (我愈糊涂).91. Though a skilled worker, ___________________________________(他被公司解雇了).样题87. The substance does not dissolve in water ________________________________ (不管是否加热).88. Not only _________________________________________ (他向我收费过高),but hedidn’t do a good repair job either.89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ____________________________________(与我的相比).90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _______________________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______________________________(把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.Translation Exercises (6)1．Not until Anna had a baby of her own ________________________________（她才充分认识到）how hard it was for her mum to have brought up her sister and her on her own.2. I’m too sleepy to keep awake today. I _______________________________ (不该熬夜玩网上游戏)last night.3. ________________________________（谁有责任）will have to pay for the damage.4. Janice is not sure ___________________________________________. (应该向谁求助)5. I’ll try my best to be helpful, but_________________________________________ (我所能做的也有限)Translation Exercises (7)6. Have you ever considered _________________________________________ (在乡村定居)when you grow old?7. The price of beer___________________________________ (从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.8. Some people think he is rude and cold-hearted, ______________________________ (但情况并非如此)9. Why didn't you tell me earlier you could lend me the money?I________________________________________. (本来不必从银行借钱的）10._______________________________________ （最直接受影响的）by the drought干旱arethe farmers themselves.Translation Exercises (8)11.________________________________________(正是由于她缺乏经验) that she does notknow how to cope with the situation.12. He wears a pair of sunglasses_____________________________（惟恐被别人认出来）.13. Mark often_______________________________(试图逃脱被罚款) whenever he breakstraffic regulations.14. She left the city _______________________________________ (她生活了近一辈子)withouta backward glance.15.You shouldn’t have gone back to the burning building; you_________________________________________ （有可能会被严重烧伤的）Translation Exercises (9)16.Letters ______________________________________________ (更为浪漫和富有诗意)thanface-to-face talk.17. John cannot afford to go to the university,_________________________________(更不用说出国了).18. The prosperity of a nation ______________________________________________ （在很大程度上取决于教育的质量）19. I believe it is important to invest in new machinery_________________________________________________(而不是把钱存入银行)20. If you had followed my advice, _______________________________________________(你就不会陷入麻烦）Translation Exercises (10)21.The witness was told that under no circumstances _______________________________ (他都不应该对法庭撒谎)22.In handling an embarrassing situation, _______________________________________ (没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了)23. With tears on her face, the lady watched ______________________________________ (她受伤的儿子被送入手术室)24.Only in a small town __________________________________（他才感到安全和放松)25.Some cruel experiments on animals are ______________________________________ (以科学的名义进行的)Translation Exercises (11)26.Economic reform would not have been so successful ______________________________(没有农业的发展)27. Success in business is simply a matter ________________________________________(知道何时去冒险)28. But for mobile phones, ______________________________________________ (我们的通讯就不可能如此高效和方便)29. After the terrorist attack, tourists _______________________________________(被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）30.________________________________________________ (面对巨大困难时),she managedto keep her sense of humor.Translation Exercises (12)31. I don’t feel that I _________________________________________ (实现了我的全部潜能) in my present job.32. Lack of confidence _______________________________________ (导致我们失败)33. The scientist ___________________________________________ (称这一重大发现为)the most exciting new development in this field.34. A real winner is _______________________________________（对社会贡献最大的人）,not the richest or the most famous.35. The fall in the cost of living _______________________________________________（与油价下降直接相关）Translation Exercises (13)36.The population of China _______________________________________________ (几乎是美国人口的五倍)37. She stared at me _________________________________________ (好像不认识我似的)38. I don’t think it is worth __________________________ （为了职业牺牲家庭幸福）39. ______________________________________ (直到截止日期)that he sent out hisapplication form.40. Maggie couldn’t have received my letter, __________________________________ (否则她上周就回信了)Translation Exercises (14)41.Never once ___________________________________________ (老两口争吵过) since theywere married 40 years ago.42. The auto manufacturers found themselves _____________________________________ (在和外国公司竞争) for the market share home and abroad.43. It is important that we__________________________________________________（把时间和精力投入到）the development of our country.44. Women ______________________________________________.（常比男人长寿）45. Only under special circumstances___________________________________ (大一新生允许补考)Translation Exercises (15)46. We can g o to the seven o’clock movie or the eight, _______________________ (看哪个适合你)47.__________________________________________,(待适当的机会来临) he’ll take it.48. When optimists run for office, they ________________________________________ (更容易当选) than pessimists are.49. ________________________________________ (必须指出)that the decision to attack wasnot made in a haste.50. The most important about any therapy is ___________________________________,(不是你领悟到或谈论了什么) but what you do.Translation exercises (16)51. ____________________________________________ (值得一提的是)is that a great manygirls are on diet to keep a slim figure.52. Is it necessary that _________________________________________________(我们都出席)at the meeting this afternoon?53. Hardly ___________________________________ (她刚开始演讲)when there came a screamfrom the back of the hall.54. Can we begin with ____________________________________________? (讨论上次会议产生的问题)55. The document is valid only if it is ___________________________________________ (当着证人的面签署)Translation Exercises (17)56. When he didn’t show up on time I __________________________________________ (更多的是生气而不是担心)57. The fact that something is cheap _____________________________________________ (并不能说明它质量就差)58.These examples demonstrate __________________________________________________(有些求职者的简历写的有多差)59. I can only ______________________________________________(把这次经历比作噩梦)60. We often believe ___________________________________ (使别人成功的) is some specialsecret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious.Translation Exercises (18)61. It is well-known that lung cancer is caused ___________________________________ (至少部分是由于抽烟过多)62. In 1609 Galileo declared that the planets revolve around the sun___________________________________________ (而不是围绕地球)63. In such circumstances this is ___________________________(所能期望的最好结果)64. He died of heart attack,_____________________________________________（这是由不健康生活方式造成的）65. When you fail, profit from failure as a leaning experience; never______________________________________________ (让消极的想法阻碍你) Translation Exercises (19)66. What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do____________________________________________ (主要由环境决定)67. He _________________________ (一定会期末考试不及格) if he doesn’t do homework.68. The difficulty ___________________________________ (在于不知道下一步该做什么)69. __________________________________,( 代表我们全体员工)I’d like to thank you for allyour work.70. Some lazy students simply __________________________________ (落后太多)that theycould not catch up later on.Translation Exercises (20)71. Her eyes ____________________________________________ (很快就适应了)the dark.72. I think _________________________________ (他的画吸引我的)is the color he uses.73. To his parents’ disappointment, George ____________________________________ (快毕业前退学了)74.we will not have the picnic ________________________________(除非有更多人报名)75. The most important thing in the Olympic Games is_______________________________ (不是获胜而是参与)。