动词ing的被动形式

动词-ing形式的被动语态

动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。从时态上讲，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即being done和having been done.动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、和宾补；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作宾补、定语、表语和状语。

一，动词－ing形式的一般式和完成式

1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

That building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。

She insisted on being given the hardest work. 她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。

2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

Having bee invited, Mr Li went there to make a speech though he was busy.被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去了那儿做了演讲。

I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。

二，动词－ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not.

He was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。

三，动名词的被动形式

1.当动名词的逻辑主语是这个动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式。Being exposed to the nuclear radiation for long will do great harm to one’s health.

长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人体健康造成很大的伤害。

The girl was annoyed by being left alone.

让她一个人待着，这个女孩很恼火。

2.句法作用

（1）作主语

Being killed by sharks at that time was a common occurrence.

那是被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。

Missing the target again made the coach annoyed.

又脱靶了，这使得教练很恼火。

（2）作宾语

V.-ing 的被动形式既可以作及物动词的宾语，又可以作介词的宾语。

I appreciate having been given the chance to achieve my target.

我很感激给我这次实现目标的机会。

He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.

人家那样开他的玩笑他受不了。

He did it without being asked. 没有谁让他做，是他自己做的。

I look forward to being invited to his wedding. 我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。

（3）作表语

This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远远没有得到解决。

What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。

3.在want , need , require , deserve 等动词以及worth这个形容词后面，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，而当该动词为不及物动词时，后面应加上适当的介词。

Your hair is much too long . It needs cutting. 你的头发太长了，该减减了。

The problem of global warming deserves reflecting on. 全球变暖的问题值得仔细思考。This problem requires studying with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究一下。

The picture is not worth looking at. 这幅画不值得一看。

四、现在分词的被动式

如果现在分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，或者现在分词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，则应用现在分词的被动形式。它可以在句中充当定语、宾语补足语和状语。

1.作定语

The meeting being held in the meeting room is about improving entire staff working conditions. 在会议室里开的会师关于改善全体职员的工作条件的。

2.作宾语补足语

You’ll find their affair being discussed everywhere.

你会发现到处都在讨论他们的暧昧关系。

He often watches the boats being unloaded. 他常常看船卸货。

As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.

走近村子时我们看到人们正在盖新房。

3.作状语

Being asked to give a performance , she couldn’t very well refuse.

有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。

Being protected by a thick wall , they felt they were quite safe.

有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。

学法点拨：

A.如果现在分词的动作先于句子谓语动词的动作发生，则用现在分词的完成被动式。Having been bitten by the snakes for many times , he is now afraid of them.

被蛇咬过几次之后，他现在非常怕蛇。

Having been given such a good chance , how could she let it slip away?

人家给了她这样好的机会，她怎么能轻易放弃呢？

B. 如果现在分词所表示的动作有自己独立的逻辑主语，就构成独立主格结构。

The decision having been made , the next problem was how to make a good plan.

决定既已做出，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划了。