英美概况习题12
英美国家概况答案
英美国家概况答案英美国家概况答案【篇一：英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)】er 81. how is the american population distributed?the distribution of the american population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. the great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los angeles and san francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?the new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.chapter 91. why did american change its policy and enter world war ii? because of the formation of the axis , the american government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten america’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for america’s entrance into the war.2. what were nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing u.s. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. what were the contents of reagan’s economic program? reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.chapter 101. what are the two characteristics of the u.s. constitution? one is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?a senator must be over 30 years old , a u.s. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a u.s. citizen for no less than seven years.3. what are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. what is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?the democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. they stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.chapter 111. what industry developments took place during the colonial period of america?during the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they alsobuilt small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in america had become clear.2. how did the civil war affect the american economy?after the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. why does america try to reduce trade barriers?because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.chapter 121. how does an american university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the sat.2. what functions do american higher education institutions perform?higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. what similarities do four famous university share?they all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. what are the origins of thanksgiving day?thanksgiving is associated with the time when europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. during the following summer the native america helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. so they held a big celebration to thank god and the native americans.第四大题chapter 81．why is the united states regarded as a”melting pot” anda ”salad bowl” ?the united states is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.the immigrants came in waves,including the europeans,the africans and the asians.therefore,america isdescribed as amelting potwhere various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into american culture.recently,america has been called asalad bowlin that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． what do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?the best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward differentcultures.people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.at the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society. chapter 91. what was the cause of the american civil war?the southern planters of america needed a large number of black african slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.in the north,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.what’s more,t he northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.but the southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.the accumulating conflicts led to the division of the north and the south and finally the american civil war.2. what made the united states a powerful country by the end of world war ii?during the two world wars,america remained neutral in the early stage.however, americans continued their profitable tradewith the warring countries.therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.when america entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.by sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,america greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of world war ii.chapter 101. how is the american president voted into office? what are your ideas about the american election?each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.to win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.the general election is technically divided into two stages.during the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.in the second stage the electors meet and vote a president.since the second stage is only a kind offormality,everyone knows who will be the next president an soon as the first stage is over.i think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.and, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the u.s. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become president.2. what was president eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?president eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the cold war.he placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.he also frequently authorized thecia to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.the cia helped topple the governments of iran and guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in indonesia.in addition,eisenhower used u.s.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in south vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the united states.chapter 111. how did the u.s constitution lay the groundwork for american’s economic development ?the u.s.constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or commonmarket.there were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.it provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.the last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of intellectual property,a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in americas economic development.the government has always played an active and important role in america’s economic development.in the early 1930s,thr united states suffered the worst economic depression in american history.president roosevelt introduced the new deal to tackle the financial crisis.besides,he set up the new york stateemergency relief commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.at the end of 1970s, the american economy again suffered a recession.the reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,in all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.it has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.chapter 121. what are the ideals that guide the american educational system?the first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .the second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . the third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. how does america carry out multicultural education?american schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.【篇二：2016年春《英美国家概况》在线作业及答案】the usschool systems, which of the following divisions is true?a.elementary school, grammar school.b.elementary school, junior high school.c.elementary school, secondary school.d.junior high school, senior high school. 您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题to get a bachelor’s degree, an american undergraduatestudent is required to do the following except ____.a.attending lectures and complete assignmentsb.passing examinationsc.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyd.earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题which of the following is not guaranteed in the bill of rights?a.the freedom of religion.b.the freedom of searching a person’s home by police.c.the freedom of speech and of the press.d.the right to own weapons if one wishes. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题the reason why many american young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s wasthat ____.a.they resented traditional white male values in us society.b.they love america so much.c.they thought they knew better than their teachers.d.they viewed the adult world with grave doubt. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题which of the following institutions isresponsible for the making of the internet?a.the us military.b.the us entertainment industry.c.the us film industry.d.the us education sector.您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题which of the following is not a power of the president?a.the president can veto any bill passed by congress.b.the president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.c.the president can make laws.d.the president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题if a student wants to go to university in britain, he will take the examination called ____.a.general certificate of education – advanced.b.general certificate of secondary education.c.the common entrance examination.d.general national vocational qualifications. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题where are international tennis championships held in the uk?a.wembley.b.wimbledonc.london.d.edinburgh您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题a free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.a.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.b.it informs people of current affairs in the world.c.it provides people with subjective reports.d.it publishes short pamphlets for parliament. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.010．第10题which city is the capital in scotland?a.cardiffb.edinburghc.glasgowd.manchester您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题how many counties are there in northern ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.20您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题when did scotland join the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments?a.in 1715b.in 1688c.in 1745d.in 1707您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题what happened in 1215?a.it was the year of norman conquest in british history.b.forced by barons, king john signed the magna carta.c.hey iv granted the commons the power to review moneygrants.d.king egbert united england under his rule. 您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题which of the following is not a true description of the queen’s role?a.the queen selects the prime minister and the cabinet.b.the queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the british state.c.the queen acts as a confidante to the primeminister.d.the queen is the temporal head of the church of england.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题which of the following sports was not invented in britain?a.football.b.tennis.c.basketballd.cricket.您的答案：c题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题easter commemorates ____.a.the birth of jesus christ.b.the crucifixion of jesus christ.c.the coming of spring.d.the crucifixion and resurrection of jesus christ.您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题in the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____.a.grammar schools.c.public schools.d.technical schools.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题which of the following description about the【篇三：英语国家概况英国--课后问答题[1]】ass=txt>chapter 1questions for thought:1. what was the british empire? what do you know about it? in what way is the ―empire‖ still felt in britainand in the international field? key points:3. a system of monarchy was observed still on today’s britain, which went through the history. the queen is still the head of the commonwealth.4. the ―empire‖ still can be felt in the following ways:a. there are still close relationships between the uk and the fifty or more countries which used to be its former colonies, and which maintain links through a loose organization called the commonwealth of nations.b. it became one member of the european union since 1973.c. the effect also lies in the makeup of the british population itself. newly immigrants mainly came from the former colonies, specially from india and caribbean area.d. today the monarchrepresents the country in many occasions. e. class exists and lords and peers are obvious evident of the imperial past.2. why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the british people with a few simple phrases? key points: reasons: 1. regional differences---england, scotland, wales, northern ireland 2. racial differences3. class differences4. cultural differences---highland vs lowland5. religious differences---protestants vs catholics (main in northern ireland) 3. ―british history has been a history of invasion‖. please illustrate this point with the examples from the text.how did each of the invasions influence english culture? key points:4. what are some general characteristics of scotland? how did scotland become part of the union of greatbritain? key points:1. the celts originally lived on scotland, they kept their own culture and language—the gealic.2. around the ad 6th c, people from northern ireland invaded the south-west --- the lowland zone. they were called scots and gave the modern country of scotland its name.3. the scottish people have a strong sense of nationality and desire for cultural independence. they observed some old customs and tradition, like the highland tradition. today, bagpipe, and tartan are considered as the souvenir of the scottish history.4. the division between highland and lowland scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as northand south england see themselves as different from each other.5. scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science.robert louis stevenson’s famous novel dr jekyll and mr hyde 《吉基尔医生与海德先生》shows that: scotland was superficially fully integrated into the uk, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong scottish identity. union with england in 17071. in 1603, queen elizabeth i of england died. james the 6th of scotland took the throne, called james the first of england; uniting the two thrones2. scotland maintained its separate political identity.3. in 1707, scotland joined the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments4. scotland sends 72 representatives to the london parliament.5. describe characteristics of wales and wales’ unification with great britain. characteristics:1.capital: cardiff, on the south coast2.rich coal deposits3.attract foreign investment from japan and u.s, etc. -- new industries to replace coal and steel4.smallest on the british mainland; close to central england; hilly and rugged5.retains a powerful sense of difference from england6.retains its own language; 19% population speaking gaelic unification with great britainacknowledge him as prince of wales by a military campaign, and unified wales as an independent nation. 2.1282, he was killed. the english king edward i named his son the prince of wales, trying to bring wales into the british nation.6. are there any differences between england, scotland and wales in terms of cultural tradition?chapter 2 northern ireland questions for thought:1. why is northern ireland so significant in the uk? what is the political problem there? keys:1. it is significant because of the political troubles there.2. the political troubleoriginal inhabitants were mainly descents of celts; they believed in catholics. the immigrants from scotland and north england in the 17th c, sent by the english king for the sake of better control over ireland, were mainly protestants. their arrival aroused local people’s hostility. they were pressured.in 1921 the ireland got independence while in northern ireland, the majority was protestant and loyalists to the british government, wanted to be separated from the rest parts of ireland.now in northern ireland, the minority—the catholics found it difficult for them to find job. the conflicts between protestants and catholics got increased.to protect the local catholics, the british soldiers stationed northern ireland in 1969, which later accelerated the conflicts between the local people and the british government.2. what are some of the factors in irish and english history that affect the situation in northern ireland today? keys:1. racial,2. religious3. immigration in 17th c.4. the british solders’ station in 1969chapter 3 the government of the united kingdom questions for thought:1. what are some of the characteristics of the british constitutional monarchy? how has the english monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy? 1. the oldest institution of government2. king egbert (埃格伯特国王): the ancestor of the present queen elizabeth ii. united england under his rule in 829.3. divine right of kings (君权神授)---the ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from god, not from his subjects. this was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. and the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.4. the civil war set the rights of the parliament. the monarch was kept but his power was limited. the constitution was set up to guarantee rights of people. monarch became a symbol of the country.2. how did the doctrin e of the ―divine right of kings‖, according to the author, lead to the english civil war?what do you know about the causes of the english revolution in the 17th century?king james i believed the divine right of kings, so did his descent---charles i. charles i called his t parliament only when he needed to collect money.the civil war was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against parliament in the 17th c. therepublican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament. in 1642, the royalists were defeated and king charles i was executed in 1649.the english civil war not only overthrew feudal in england but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in europe. it isgenerally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. the civil war was in essence a capitalist revolution because capitalism paved its way of development after the war.3. what is the history of english parliament? what role did the parliament play in the civil war?in medieval times, a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. this was the great council. by the 13th c., representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. this was the beginning of what we know as parliament today.in the civil war, the parliament was opposite to the monarchy in their dispute over the power. the republican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament.4. discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the british constitution.britain, like israel, has no written constitution. the foundations of the british state are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by parliament; the common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government.5. why the parliament is supreme in the british sate? what function does parliament have? what role does the queen and the prime minister play in british government?parliament is supreme in the british state because it alone had the power to change the terms of the constitution. there are no legal restraints upon parliament. it can make or change laws,functions: 1) passes laws2) provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation3) scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. the roles of the queen/king1.symbolize the tradition and unity of the british state2.legally head of the executive, (行政部)3.an integral part of the legislature(立法机关)4.head of the judiciary(司法部)2. set standards of good citizenship and family life3. a confidante(知己的女友) to the prime minister, offering valuable observations on the running of government role of the prime ministerking george i was ―imported‖ from germany in 1714 and was not interested in politics, so he left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his cabinet ministers, called the prime minister. later in 1832, elections replaced appointment. the party with the most supporters in the commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes prime minister.today prime minister and his cabinet compose of the entity of the government.6. what kind of institution is the house of lords? what role does it play in british government?it’s one house of the parliament, but the power of making law and collecting taxes mainly resides on the house of commons. the house of lords consists of the lords spiritual(上议院的神职议员), who are the archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of england; and the lords temporal(上议院的世俗议员), which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seatfrom their forefathers(called hereditary peers) or they have been appointed(by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the prime minister and were called life peers(终身贵族). the lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public chapter 4 politics questions for thought:1. who can stand for election as an mp in the uk? why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an mp. it is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.because even they were to win the seat they would be powerless in parliament against the big parties’ representatives (p54, para1)2. what are three big parties in the uk? what are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the threeparties?they are the labor party, the conservative party and the liberal democratic party.the labour party--- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. it is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms, and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor. it also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people.the conservative party --- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is basically the party of the individual, protecting the individual’ s right to acquire wealth and to spend i t as he/she wants. it advocates economic policies which are favourable to。
英美概况习题答案
英美概况习题答案英美概况习题答案英美概况是学习英美文化和历史的基础，对于英语学习者来说，了解英美概况不仅可以帮助他们更好地理解英语语言和文化，还可以拓宽他们的国际视野。
下面是一些关于英美概况的习题及其答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
1. 英国的首都是哪里？答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的首都是哪里？答案：华盛顿特区。
3. 英国的国旗是什么颜色？答案：红色、白色和蓝色。
4. 美国的国旗有多少颗星星？答案：50颗。
5. 英国的国歌是什么？答案：《上帝保佑女王》。
6. 美国的国歌是什么？答案：《星条旗永不落》。
7. 英国的国家动物是什么？答案：狮子。
8. 美国的国家动物是什么？答案：白头海雕。
9. 英国的货币单位是什么？答案：英镑。
10. 美国的货币单位是什么？答案：美元。
11. 英国的国教是什么？答案：英国国教（圣公会）。
12. 美国的国教是什么？答案：美国没有国教，宪法保障宗教自由。
13. 英国的国会叫什么？答案：英国议会。
14. 美国的国会叫什么？答案：美国国会。
15. 英国的最高法院是什么？答案：英国最高法院。
16. 美国的最高法院是什么？答案：美国最高法院。
17. 英国有几个地区？答案：四个地区，分别是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
18. 美国有几个州？答案：50个州。
19. 英国的最长河流是什么？答案：塔普河（Thames River）。
20. 美国的最长河流是什么？答案：密西西比河（Mississippi River）。
这些习题涵盖了英美概况的一些基本知识点，希望能够帮助大家更好地了解英美文化和历史。
当然，英美概况远不止这些，还有很多有趣的知识等待我们去探索和学习。
希望大家能够保持对英美概况的兴趣，并不断深入学习，提高自己的英语水平和跨文化交流能力。
英美概况习题集
英美概况习题集英美概况考试题⽬⼤全Chaper1 Philosophy of western civilization1. The ancient Greeks believed that a unity underlies the diversity of people, animals, plants and inanimate objects. The philosophy of that time relied on __human reason not on mythology or divine beings, different from the previous philosophy.2. Not all Greek philosophers agreed with the Rationalists. One major group who doubted that human reason could understand Nature was called _skeptics_.3. Some of Aristotle’s ideas held western thinking back for a very long time: such as the belief that women were “incomplete”men and that _the earth was the center of the universe4. The French word “renaissance” means “_rebirth_” in English.5. Descartes (1596-1650) was the modern father of Rationalism and he claimed that reason was the only path to knowledge.“I think; therefore, I am6. The_18th_century is sometimes called the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.7. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), a German, believed that moral action should come from a strong _superhero after God was “dead”.8. _Jean-Paul Sartre declined the Nobel Prize for Literature on the grounds that it would make his writings too influential9. Charles Peirce (1839-1940) developed four methods people use to hold onto their beliefs: _tenacity; authority; speculation; scientific method10. John Dewey (1859-1952) implemented his version of Pragmatism in the education systemChaper2 Geography of the United Kingdom1. The two large islands that make up the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, _Scotland and Wales.3. UK is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel between England and France in the south and _the North Sea in the east.4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands.5. The second largest and most important river in UK is the Thames River_.6. The _North Atlantic Drift_, which is a warm current, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.7. Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain is located in _Scotland_.8. The largest lake in the British Isles is _Laugh Neagh.9. Many Scottish names begin with Mc or Mac, which means “_Son of_”in Gaelic, the old Celtic language of the Scots. 10. The longest river in UK is the Severn, which rises in northeast Wales and flows east through England and south into the Bristol Channel.Chaper3 History of the United Kingdom1. The first known inhabitants in the British Isles are collectively known as the Iberians, although they themselves consisted of different peoples.2. Two of the early invading cultures underlie much of modern British history and culture: The Celts and the Anglo-Saxon_.3. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion_. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In4.the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully.5. For nearly 400_years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.6. The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.7. The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. But in 597, St. Augustine converted the heathen English to Christianity.8. The early Anglo-Saxons created the Witan to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.9. King Alfred_, also titled as “Alfred the Great”, founded astrong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”.10. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings_,William defeated Harold and killed him. Then William was crowned king of England.11. After Norman Conquest, people in Britain spoke three majorlanguages: Latin, French, and “Old English.1. The _B_ was established soon after Henry II succeeded to thethrone.a. House of Yorkb. House of Plantagenetc. House of Normandyd.House of Tudor2. The founder of the English legal system and the common lawwas _B_.a. Henry Ib. Henry IIc. Stephend. Matilda3. The parliament became a regular agency of the governmentunder A_.A. Henry III b. Simon de Montfort c. Edward I c. EdwardII4. Wales was conquered by _A_.a. Edward Ib. Edward IIc. Henry IIId. Richard I5. The Great Charter includes all the following points except that__D__.a. No tax should be made without the approval of the councilb. No freemen should be arrested except by the law of landc. If the king attempted to free himself from law the vassals hadthe right to force the king to obeyd. The vassals had the sole power to levy a tax on people6. The War of Roses started between two most influential rivals,the family of Lancaster and the Duke of York. Their ultimate goal was for the possession of _B_.A. power b. the Crown c. wealth D. territory7. The Wars of the Roses ended in 1485 with the accession of _A_,the first king of the House of Tudor.A. Henry VI b. Henry VIII c. John of Gaunt d.Edward IV8. It is said that _guns and gunpowder were first used in theHundred Year’s War. This greatly reduced the effectiveness of the English cavalry.9. Which of the following was NOT a result of the HundredYears’War? DA. It spurred the development of woolen textile industryB. It cut down the strength of the feudal lordsC. the Normans began to regard England as their homeD.England ceded some colonies to France10. The Middle Ages in England ended with _B_.a. The Norman Conquestb. the beginning of the TudorMonarchy c. the beginning of Parliament d. the Peasant Uprising11.In _1558_, Elizabeth I’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada.12. The direct cause of Religious Reformation in England was that_C_.A. the Pope wanted more revenue from EnglandB. the Pope wanted England to make up with France after theHundred Years’WarC. Henry VIII decided to divorce his wife Catharine and the Poperejected itD.The Pope refused to appoint Henry VIII as head of the Churchof England.13. England first became a sea power in the time of __D_.a. Anneb. Victoriac. Georged. Elizabeth14. James I clung to the theory of the _B_.A. trial by ordeal b. Divine Right of Kings C. rule by law D.separation of powers15. Guy Fawkes Day is one of the most regularly observednational holidays in England on _A_.a. November 5thb. October 5thc. November 8thd. October 8th16. In religion, Cromwell was an earnest __C_.a. Catholicb. Presbyterianc. Puritand. Muslin17. In 1620, about 100 Puritans started for America in ship named“May flower”.18. The Industrial Revolution started in __D_.A.Canada b. the US c. Australia d. the Great Britain19. The People’s Charter passed during the Chartist Movement was mainly concerned with __B_.A.improving the working condition of industrial workersB.political reforms, especially with regard to the election systemC.further industrial developmentD.condemnation of British imperialism20. Britain declared war on Germany in August, 1914 when Germany invaded _C_.A. France b. Poland c. Belgium d. Serbia21. When Ireland (with the exception of its six northern countries) achieved independence in 1922, the United Kingdom was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.22. during the 1919 Versailles Peace Treaty, American president Woodrow Wilson wanted to establish an international political organization, _ the League of Nations_, to ensure that a global war would never happen again.23. In Britain, the voting rights was expanded to all men over 21 and all women over 30 in _1918_; the voting rights was expanded to all women over 21 in _1928__.24. The first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is _Robert Walpole_; the present Prime Minister is David Cameron.25. From _the Hanoverian Kings_ onwards, English history is dominated by prime ministers instead of kings or queens. Thisroyal family changed its name to current, more British-sounding name _the House of Windsor_ during the War I.Chaper7 Geography of the United States1. the most important and largest river in the United States of America is _D_.A. the Ohio RiverB. the Colorado RiverC. The MissouriD. the Mississippi River2. To the west of mainland America lays the _B_.A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean3. The US produces more than 40% of the world’s _B_.A. Wheat and riceB. soybeans and cornC. Tobacco and vegetable oilD. cotton4. Indians emigrated from Asia and they were the earliest settlers in American continent.5. The Five Great Lakes are an excellent example of the direct effects of_glaciations_within this region. These lakes contain nearly _95%_of the fresh surface water in the US and about _18%_ of the world’s fresh water. They are all located between Canada and the Us except Lake__Michigan_.6. The_Appalachian_Mountains were uplifted by multiple collisions of both small and large crustal plates mainly about 300 million years ago; theRocky__Mountains and the Pacific Coast were formed by the interaction of the westward-moving North American tectonic plate and the eastward-moving portions of the Pacific tectonic plate.7. The Mount Rushmore is located within the state of South Dakota_.8. The biggest car-making center, also called the City of Cars is __c_A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. DetroitD. Houston9. The largest center of oil industry, also called the City of Oil in the world is _D_.10. The City of Films, the location of Hollywood, is Los Angeles_.11. The largest state in area is_Alaska_and the smallest one is Rhode Island_. But on the mainland Texas is the largest state of the country.Chapter 8 History of the United States1．The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of England.2. The motto of the American colonies was “No taxation without representation”.3. during the American Civil War, the first South state to withdraw from the US was South Carolina.4. The war of 1812is sometimes called the “Second War for Independence”.5. at the beginning of the First World War, the United States pursued a policy of neutrality.6.The United States did not join the Second World War directly until Pearl Harbor incident in December, 1941.7. In September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the US.8. Martin Luther King delivered his most famous speeches on August 28, 1863 in Washington, D.C.9. Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called New Deal.10. The US president is elected by an Electoral College.1. Which of the following was NOT a New England colony? DA. ConnecticutB. New HampshireC. MassachusettsD. Maryland2. The French and Indian War was a war fought between ___C____.A. the French and IndiansB. the English and IndiansC. the French and EnglishD. the English and the Spanish3. The Second Continental Congress was held in ____C___.A New York City B. Boston C. Philadelphia D. Valley Forge5. by ___C_, the United States had finished its territorial expansion in the Continent.A. the late 18th centuryB. the early 19th centuryC. the middle 19th centuryD. the late 19th century6. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 because of __C___.A. the Great DepressionB. the Black Power MovementC. the Watergate ScandalD. his Isolation Policy7. The American soldiers who returned after World War II resulted in A.A. baby-boomB. family break-upsC. unemploymentD. the Cold War8. The capital of United States is named after __C___.A. George WashingtonB. Christopher ColumbusC. Bothe A and BD. Neither A nor B9. The first British Colony established on America in 1607 is __A___A. JamestownB. Boston HarborC. PhiladelphiaD. Lexington10. In 1783,the United States and the United Kingdom was held signed ___B__ to end the War of Independence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Treaty of PairsC. Treaty of LondonD. None of the above11. __B_ marks the turning point of American Civil War.A. The Homestead ActB. Battle of GettysburgC. Saratoga VictoryD. The Battle of Lexington12. The decision of establishing the United Nations was made at _B_A. the Tehran ConferenceB. the Yalta ConferenceC. the Postman ConferenceD. none of the above13. China and United States established diplomatic relations in _C__A. Feb.1972B. Dec.1978C. Jan.1979D. Aug.1982Chaper1 Philosophy of western civilization Rationalism----Rationalism refers to the idea that reason was the only path to knowledge. The world is rational and man can resort to human reason to understand Nature.The Middle Ages----After the Greco-Roman Age, Christianity dominated western philosophy. The Christian dominated era in Western Europe is called “the Middle Ages” (ca 476A.D.-ca 1400A.D.), or the Medieval Period, a thousand-year-feudal era which occurred between Antiquity and the Modern Age. Throughout the middle Ages, most thinking was devoted to religious interpretation, or the study of theology.The Renaissance----The French word “renaissance”means “rebirth”in English. It refers to the rebirth of knowledge in Europe,particularly the rediscovery of the Greco-Roman texts. This era was characterized by changes in all areas of human endeavor, based on a new humanism which focused on Man. Gradually observation and systematic experimentation expressed in mathematical terms replaced medieval scholasticism and religious faithWhat are the contrasts between eastern and western philosophical traditions?Three characteristics can be identified. In the East, philosophy has had a longer history; it was founded on the oral tradition; and it contained principles to live by. In the West, philosophy is “younger”; it was recorded in written form; and it made claims supported by logical or empirical argumentsChaper2 Geography of the United KingdomThe Thames River: The Thames River is the second largest and most important river in Britain. It is 336 kilometers long, rising in Southwest England and flowing through England and out into the North Sea. It flows rather slowly, which is very favorable for water transportationThe Chunnel: In 1985 the Britain government and French govern decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under The Straits of Dover so that England and French could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994.Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?Although it seems that people are always complaining about the weather in Britain because it is rainy and changeable and unpredictable, the climate in Britain is in General a favorable one. It has a favorable maritime type of climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot, and it has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature. The average temperature in winter in the north is 4~6 ℃and in summer in the south is12~17℃.So even in winter one can still see stretches of green grass on the open country, in the parks and around the houses.Chaper3 History of the United KingdomHeptarch----during the Anglo-Saxon’s time, Britain was divided into many kingdoms, among which there were seven principal kingdoms: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessel, East Anglia, Mercia and North UmbriaThe Norman Conquest ----The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Contents and the significance of the Great Charter.Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons. It consists of sixty-three clauses.Its important provisions are as follows: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property; (3) the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.The Hundred Years' War and its consequencesThe Hundred Years’War refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453. The causes of the war were partly territorial and partly economic. The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which were the importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides, England's desire to stop France from giving aid to Scots and a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.The Engli sh’s is being driven out of France is regarded as a blessing for both countries. If the English had remained in France, the superior size and wealth of France would have hindered the development of a separate English national identity, while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory.Distinctive features of the English Renaissance1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics;2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history elsewhere in Europe;3) Owing to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer, the native literature was sufficiently vigorous and experienced in assimilating for foreign influences without being subjected by them;4) English Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.The Glorious Revolution of 1688In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious belief. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. Whigs and ToriesThese two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688)The Whig was those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal PartyThe Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. .A People’s CharterThere was widespread dissatisfaction with the Reform Act of 1832 and the New Poor Law. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Men’s Association. They drew up a charter of political demands(a People’s Charter) in 1838, with the intention of presenting it to Parliament. It had six points: (1)the vote for all adult males;(2)voting by secret ballot; (3)equal electoral districts; (4)abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament;(5)payment of members of Parliament; (6)annual Parliaments, with a General Election every June.Chaper7 Geography of the United States12. How many types of climate can be found in the United States? Six types of climate can be found in the United States. They are 1) the humid continental climate in the north-eastern part of the country, 2) the humid subtropical climate in the south-eastern part, 3) the continental steppe (⼤草原）climate of the Great Plains, 4) the continental desert climate of the intermountain region, 5) the maritime climate in the north-western part of Pacific coast and 6) the Mediterranean climate in the southern Pacific coast.Chapter 8 History of the United States1. Checks and balances -------Each of the three branches of the government ——the legislative, the executive and the judicial ——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.2. Emancipation Proclamation -----On September 22, 1862 during American Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective onJanuary 1, 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.3. the New Deal------ it was put forward by American President Roosevelt who wanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up some efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to "save American democracy" and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.4. The Puritans----- (1)The Puritans were wealthy , well-educated gentlemen . They wanted to purify the Church of England .(2) Dissatisfied with the political corruption in England and threatened with religious persecution , the Puritan Leaders saw the New World as a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save . So in March,1630 , the great Puritan migration began . (3) The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. They went to America to establish what they considered the one true church. / Puritan tradition also involved a respect for learning which led to the establishment of schools and the spread of literacy.Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties inthe United States today？There nave been four periods in the history of the two party system in the United States. （1）During the Ratification period，the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights，the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. （2）After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson，the Democratic - Republican Party split. The party led by Jackson was called Democratic Party and the party agaist Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified，the majority of the Whig Party，part of the democrats，and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. （3）From 1860s to 1920s，the Republican Party dominated the political scene.（4）From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s，the Democratic Party was dominant，with short interruptions.Traditionally，the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism，defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.2. In US, some people are called the religious right or the Christian right. What are their characteristics?They assert that the US is a Christian country; they argue that the Bible takes precedence over scientific findings, and so want to prevent the teaching evolution in schools and are skeptical about global warming. They are ready to adopt a “holy”war against Muslims. Some racists feel the Bible justifies white dominance and oppose abortion and any teaching about sexuality or family planning in schools. They are very troubled by the increasing recognition of homosexual partnerships.。
英美概况试题及答案考研
英美概况试题及答案考研
1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的首都是哪里？
答案：华盛顿特区。
5. 英国的货币单位是什么？
答案：英镑。
6. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
7. 英国的现任君主是谁？
答案：伊丽莎白二世女王。
8. 美国的现任总统是谁？
答案：[此处填写当前日期的美国现任总统姓名]。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
10. 美国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：纽约市。
11. 英国的面积大约是多少？
答案：约243,610平方公里。
12. 美国的面积大约是多少？
答案：约9,525,067平方公里。
13. 英国的人口大约是多少？
答案：约6,600万。
14. 美国的人口大约是多少？
答案：约3.3亿。
15. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
16. 美国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
17. 英国的国鸟是什么？
答案：红胸鸲。
18. 美国的国鸟是什么？
答案：白头海雕。
19. 英国的国歌是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
20. 美国的国歌是什么？
答案：《星条旗》。
大学英语 英美概况 12单元 答案Unit Twelve
Unit 12The Industrial Revolution and the Formation of the British EmpireAfter the period of the Civil War and the Revolution in the second half of the seventeenth century, Britain entered a new period. The centre of interest in the kingdom was shifted from the internal political struggle to the economic problems and foreign expansion. As the result, the economic development gave rise to the British Industrial Revolution in the last part of the 18th century and foreign expiation gave rise to the British Empire at the end of the nineteenth century.The Development of Britain after the RevolutionsThe Struggle with France1.William III faced dangers. The wild highlanders rose for James and onlywhen they were defeated Scotland accepted William and Mary and the two countries were linked by the Crown2.In July 1690 and English and Dutch army led by William met an Irish andFrench army under James on the banks of River Boyne. It was this victory that saved the English Revolution and Europe from French domination. 3.It was the Battle of La Hogue in May 1692, the great naval victory thatfreed England from the threat of French invasion. The peace made in 1697 was inconclusive, but there were two important consequences of the war.One was the foundation of the Bank of England and the financing of the struggle by loans; the other was an arrangement that was soon to lead to the Cabinet system.4.In 1702, John Churchill destroyed Louis XVI’s army in the War of theSpanish Succession.5.In 1704, he won the victory at Ramilies and drove the French out ofNetherlands.6.In 1707, Act of Union was negotiated. The two Parliaments were united andthe island became Great Britain with the symbolic flag, the Union Jack. 7.In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht was signed. Britain retained many coloniesfrom France.House of HanoverQueen Anne died in 1714and the crown passed to her cousin George, the Elector of Hanover and thus in England began the Hanoverian rule. The elderly German could speak no English and understood little about English politics. As the result, the Cabinet system of government was gradually established.The succession of Hanover had an important effect on both foreign and domestic policies of the country. Monarch reigned by act of Parliamentinstead of on advice of Parliament. The substitution of Hanover for Stuart implied a completely different set of European connections. Britain’s interest was to pass from the Netherlands to Hanover, and the electorate remained link to the British crown until 1837.The Hanoverian succession also marked very distinctly a new era in the working of the British constitution and Parliamentary politics.The Seven Years’ WarIn the middle of the 18th century, the conflict between France and England in the colonies resulted in the Seven Years’ War, l asting from 1756 to 1763. The War was carried on mainly in India and America. The war was ended by the Peace of Paris in 1763.By the Peace of Paris France ceded all Canada and her American possession west to the 13 colonies to Britain, while in India the French were reduced to two small trading stations and agreed to acknowledge the East India Company’s complete control over the native rulers of the huge provinces: France gave up four of her West Indian islands, as well as her African possessions.Loss of the American ColoniesThe Industrial RevolutionBackground to the Industrial Revolution1.The constitutional monarchy created a good condition for the development of capitalist economy.2.The Enclosures supplied sufficient labourers for the large scale development of capitalist industries.3.The English bourgeoisie had accumulated a large sum of money and completed its “primitive accumulation of capital”.4.The rapid development of handicraft industry laid the necessary foundation of material and technology for machine production.5.The English ideology had also experienced changes.1/ Renaissance2/ the importance of money3/ Francis Bacon4/ Isaac Newton5/ Adam Smith’s the Wealth of NationsProcess pf the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in the textile industry.The spinning Jenny: in 1764, by James Hargreaves2. The spinning machine: in 1769, by Richard Arkwright3. The spinning mule: in 1779, by Samuel Crompton4. The power loom: in 1785, by Edmund Cartwright5. The steam engine: in 1769, by James Watt6. The steam locomotive: in 1814, by StephenConsequences of the Industrial Revolution1.Britain became the “workshop of the world” and could produce largequantity of low-priced goods in a more efficient manner. So no country was strong enough to compete with her in foreign trade.2.The social class structure in Britain got simplified. The middle class waspushed to the dominant position and the large majority was turning to the proletariat. So the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat occupied the dominant position in England.3.The economic centre and sources of nation’s wealth in Britain also shiftedfrom South to Central and North England, from farms to towns, and from agriculture to industry.4.The country was splitting into two nations of owners and workers, rich andpoor.5.With the establishment of capitalist production and introduction of farmmachines came the agricultural revolution.6.The Industrial revolution also led to social and political movements such astrade unionism and Chartism.So it was not only a technological revolution but also a great social upheaval. Itexerted a great influence on both British society and the world.Political ReformConditions before the ReformUnemployed workers increased and population was multiplying.A new Corn Law passed by the Parliament to keep the corn price up. Conditions were made even worse by the flow of poor workers from Ireland. Strikes commonly happened hand mass meetings were frequently held in many cities, collimating in the “Peterloo Massacre”.Meanwhile both social and political reforms were taking place. Robber Peel created the first efficient police force. And in 1829, the Catholic Emancipation Act was passed.Parliamentary ReformIn 1830, Lord Grey’s Whig government introduced a measure of parliamentary reform. The new Whig government drew up a bill that abolished the rotten boroughs and gave their seats to new towns.In June 1832, it was eventually passed with the support of working class.The industrial and commercial classes won the victory, while the working class who had contributed much got nothing in return.The Chartist MovementBackgroundSince the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the British proletariat had encouraged struggles in different forms to destroy machines and to organize trade unions to struggle for wages and better working conditions.The working class infuriated by unjust treatment and the inhumanity of the Poor Law, had lost faith in the Whigs and their middle class allies. Most of them realized that only by depending on their own strength they could improve social conditions in their favour. Thus they began to act as an independent class and put forward their own demands.ProcessContents: I n 1837, the London Working Association worked out the People’s Charter: universal suffrage; adoption of equal electoral districts; abolition of the property qualifications for Members of Parliament; payment of MPs; secret voting; and annual election of Parliament.Process:1. The charter was formally adopted at a meeting of workers held on August 8, 1838 on Newhall Hill. The elected Convention presented the Charter to the Parliament in the form of a petition in January 1839. It was rejected it in July.2. The second stage began in 1840. A National Charter Association was founded. In 1842 it was presented to the Parliament for the second time. But it wasrejected again.3. In 1848the Chartist Movement experienced its third and last upsurge. The procession was abandoned. After this third failure, the Chartist Moment declined and soon ended.Significance and LessonsThough the Chartist Movement failed, it had opened a new chapter for the history of the working class movement and constituted a glorious page in the history of the worker’s struggle for liberation.The Movement also afforded useful lessons for the political struggle in future of the working class. The lessons were: the leadership was rather weak; the working class was not mature yet and small disagreements might cause disintegration; what was more important, the English bourgeoisie then was not a dying, but a rising class and was still on the rise.Victoria and Her TimeQueen VictoriaVictoria became the queen in 1837 and she ruled the British Empire for sixty years and was another well-known Queen in English history.Victoria’s AgeVictoria’s age was an age of national development and national optimism inBritain, with only occasional doubts about the future.It was full of tremendous changes in almost every respect.In 1859, Origin of Species by Charles Darwin was published in which he put forward a new theory about survival of the fittest in natural world.The change in outlook was a great help to the growth of a grouped famous writers.The improved social condition helped to give the birth of the Fabian Society in 1884, which advocated the English type of “socialism” based on class co-operation.Britain’s social changes at home were the cause and effect of its foreign expansion during the same time.Victoria also established the family virtues by her personality and her influence in life, which set a standard for the English middle class for many years to come.The Rise of the British EmpireColonial ExpansionThe British colonial expansion mainly went through two processes: aggression with a sovereign state and annexation with uninhabited or sparsely populated wild lands.The cases with countries such as India and China belonged to the firstcategory.* Indian Mutiny: in 1857* Opium WarThe English aggression in some places in America and Oceania belonged to the second category.* In 1607, the first permanent colony Jamestown was established and in 1624 the Crown took it over as a royal colony.* In 1766 England established its local government in Canada and later it also gave the colony right of self-government.* As for Australia and New Zealand, the English began colonization there in 1787. A few years later, the colonies in Australia were given internal self-government. In 1900 the commonwealth of Australia was established. New Zealand was annexed by Britain in 1840 and the dominion of New Zealand was established later.In Africa, 1/ the English established their control in Nigeria, Gold Coast, Kenya and Uganda. 2/ In 1857, British government bought a controlling share in the Suez Canal. 3/ the Cape Colony was wrested during the wars from Napoleon, where the Dutch (Boers) lived. 4/ in 1899, the Anglo-Boer War broke out and Britain defeated Boers, and established the South Africa colony. 5/ in the north and northeast, Britain occupied Egypt (1882), Sudan in 1898, Somaliland in 1887. By the beginning of the 20th century, Britain occupied one-third of the whole Africa.In Latin America, Britain also occupied many places, especially in Central America, such as Guiana and Dominica. In addition, there were countless islands and islets in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans which were controlled or claimed by the British government.The Sun-Never-Setting EmpireBy the end of the 19th century Britain had reached the peak of its colonial expansion, and she kept expanding. It had colonies all over the five continents.British ImperialismThe typical capitalist of Britain was now no longer a factory owner running his own business and making efforts to develop industry, but a shareholder drawing dividend from the investment of a vast capital.The features of imperialism:1.the export of capital2.the territorial expansion3.monopolyBy 1900 Britain already revealed at least two important features above mentioned; therefore, Britain had been transformed from capitalism into imperialism.11。
《英美概况》试题（附答案）
《英美概况》试题（附答案）《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.B. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which givea vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territ ory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan。
英美概况课后习题集规范标准答案
----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had thelargest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.
英美概况考试题及答案
英美概况考试题及答案<i> 考试</i>学年学期：课程名称：教学秘书签字：专业班级：姓名：学号：Multiple Choice1.Britain does not share land border with any other countries except.A. FranceB. HollandC. ItalyD. The Republic of Ireland2.The island of Great Britain is divided into parts.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 23.The second longest river in the United Kingdom is the __ .A. Thames RiverB. Clyde RiverC. Severn RiverD. Seine River4.The largest river in the United Kingdom, which runs 356 kilometers and empties into the Bristol Strait, is ______________ .A. the Seven RiverB. the Clyde RiverC. the Thames RiverD. the Potomac River5. ___ oil and gas have made Britain largely self-sufficient inthese vital fuels.A. The AtlanticB. The PacificC. The Red SeaD. The North Sea6.The climate of Britain is one.A. ContinentalB. tropicalC. temperateD. subtropical7.Britain’s major minerals are coal, iron ore, tin ore, lead ore, oil and gas, among which _______ and ____ are the most important.A. coal...lead ore B. coal ...iron ore C. iron ore...tin ore D. coal (i)8.In the Highlands of Scotland stands ____ , Britain’s highest mountain towering 1300 meters.A. the PenninesB. Ben NevisC. The Southern UplandsD. Cumbria9.The largest lake in the U.K. is .A. Lough ErneB. Lake NessC. Lough NeaghD. Lake Lomond10.The main rivers parting in Great Britain runs from _ t o ___A. north…eastB. south…westC. central…eastD. north…south11.The weather in Great Britain conditions vary rapidly because of .A.the much rainfallB. a little sunshineC.the edge of European continental anticycloneD.a series of cyclonic depressions from Ireland or Greenland12.Of the three parts of Great Britain, __ is the smallest bothin area and population.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. Irland13.The most important river in the United Kingdom is _ .A. the Clyde RiverB. the Seven RiverC. the Thames RiverD. the Forth River14.Among the four administrative units the most populous and developed is ___ .A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland15.In Scotland there is the Clyde River, on which is situated a ship-building center --- ___________ .A. BelfastB. LondonC. GlasgowD. Manchester16.The Towns in Scotland are called .A. CountriesB. shiresC. communitiesD. burghs<i> 考试</i>17.Big Ben is a famous in London.A. StatueB. bridgeC. hotelD. clock18.The Port of London is Britain’s most important __ .A. SeaportB. airportC. railway stationD. military base19.The famous Speaker’s Corner is an area i nside ___, London, where speakers address thepublic, especially on Sundays.A. the West EndB. Hyde ParkC. WhitehallD. Westminster Abbey20.The Westminster Abbey is the place where ___ .A.the British royal residence in London is located.B.Almost all English kings and queens have been crownedC.The British Prime Minister livesD.The British Parliament is located21.Buckingham Palace is the London residence for _ .A. the King or QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Speaker of the CommonsD. the Lord Chancellor of the Upper House22.The London residence for the King or Queen is _ .A. Hyde ParkB.Buckingham PalaceC. No. 10 Down StreetD.The East End23.The famous street where offices of the most important ministries of the United Kingdom arelocated, is ____ .A. Downing StreetB. Wall StreetC. WhitehallD. Broadway24.London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is situated on __ near its mouth.A. the Thames RiverB. the Severn RiverC. the Clyde RiverD. the Tees River25.Britain’s largest manufacturing industry is .A. textile industryB. iron and steel industryC. oil-producing industryD. aircraft industry26.Britain once reigned supreme in the world of __ industry.A. PaperB. electronicC. mineralD. textile27.One of the main characteristics of British economy is ___ .A.the purchase of raw materials and the sale of manufacturedgoods abroad.B.To import oil from abroadC.To sell coal abroadD.To exchange goods with foreign nations so as to get vital foodstuffs and manufacturedgoods28.The main agricultural products in Britain are _____ , barley, potatoes, sugar-beets and oats.A. RiceB. wheatC. tobaccoD. peanuts29.It was the who brought the English language into England.A. Anglo-saxonsB. CeltsC. NormansD. Danes30.as a nation took shape as a result of the unification of the seven warring kingdoms in827.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. IrelandD. England31.The English language belongs to _ .A. the Indo-EuropeanB. the Hamito-SemiticC. the Sino-TibetanD. the Altaic32.The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and the _____ .A. Republican PartyB. Democratic PartyC. Labour PartyD. Liberal Party<i> 考试</i>33.The Liberal Party, the third largest party of the United Kingdom, developed from the ____________ in1839.A. Whig PartyB. Tory PartyC. Conservative PartyD. Labour Party34.______________________ Of all the English universities andare the most well- known.A. Oxford University … Eton UniversityB. OxfordUniversity…Cambridge UniversityC.Eton College …Winchests CollegeD. Harvard…Yale35.The grammar school in modern Britain _ .A.offers only grammar lessons to pupilsB.emphasizes academic studies and offers more subjects than any other secondary schoolsC.make a point of giving practical instructions which are considered to be of help in thepupils’ future workD.only takes in the pupils who are interested in grammar36.The is an examination taken at about the age of eleven,to decide which type ofsecondary school a British child will attend.A. Eleven-plusB. “Eleven Tests”C. Eleven-minusD. Eleventh Test37.The Redbrick universities are those including all the provincial universities of the period1850-1930, with __ as a representative.A. OxfordB. CambridgeC. London UniversityD. Polytechnics38.are the foundation-layers of the English education.A. Grammar schoolsB. Secondary modern schoolsC. Public schoolsD. Nursery schools39.is the nickname of Britain.A. Uncle SamB. John ArbuthnotC. Robin HoodD. John Bull40.Most British couples have their wedding ceremony _ with the bride dressed in ____ .A. at home…a long pink dressB. in a park…a short skirtC. in the church…a long white dressD. in the open…a short blue skirt41.The best-known quality of the British people is exclusiveness. One of the important reasons isthe special geographical location of Britain. The other is ______ .A. its Industrial RevolutionB. its separate nationalityC. the cutting-off of BritainD. the distinct development of its history.42.i s the English sense of humor.A. Self-importanceB. Self-confidenceC. Self-deprecatingD. Self-knowing43.Which of the following holidays is Not celebrated in Britain?A. EasterB. ChristmasC. Thanksgiving DayD. April Fool’s Day44.On __ the British people hold dances, games, etc. to welcome spring.A. Christmas DayB. New Year’s DayC. May DayD. April Fool’s Day45.April Fool’s Day is on .A. 1st of AprilB. 2nd of AprilC. 20th of AprilD. 30th of April46.When you are invited to a dinner, you must __ .A. be punctualB. be a little lateC. be sure to attendD. be a little early47.Children reach their adolescence when they are __years of age.A. eight or nineB. ten or elevenC. thirteen or fourteenD. seventeen or eighteen48.In Britain the “__ ” emergency dialing service is free of charge, by which people are quiteconvenient to be connected rapidly to police, ambulance or fire service.A. 999B. 109C. 119D. 303<i> 考试</i>49.In Britain only taxi drivers and waiters are permitted to accept a tip, which is usually an extra__ of the price of the fare or meal.A. tenth or eighthB. twentiethC. halfD. 80%50.The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _____ .A. horse racingB. BingoC. football poolsD. dog racingFill in the blanks.1.The full name of the United Kingdom is ___ and ____ .2.The island of Great Britain is made up of ____ , __ and ___ .3.The United Kingdom has been a member of ____ since 1973.4.London plays a significant role in ___ economic and cultural life. It’s not only the financial__ of the nation, but also one of _________ major international financial centers in ________________________ .5.Britain consists of ______ nations, including England, ________ , ______ and.6.The capital of Britain is ____ , which has great influence on the UK in all fields including__ , ___ and ___. two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universities: ____and ____ .8.Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the LondonParliament and each holds ___ and ___ seats respectively.9.The capital of Scotland is ______ , which is well-known for its natural ___ .10.Although Wales is the smallest of the three nations on the _ mainland, it’s good at getting___ from abroad, particularly Japan and ____ .<i> 考试</i>DAAAD CDBCD DCcBC DDABB ABCAB DABAD ACABB ACCDC DCCBA ACAAAthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandEngland; Scotland; WalesEuropean UnionBritain’s; center; the three; the worldfour, Scotland, Wales, Northern IrelandLondon, government, economy, cultureGlasgow, Edinburgh72, 38Edinburgh, beautyBritish, investment, America。
英美概况课后习题答案
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons a nd the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarterof the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ? The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese a ir raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.-known contributions during his presidency?2. What were Nixon’s wella) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes Reagan’s economic program calin order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing thefruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and becamea powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffereda recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policieseconomic development on its right mentioned above helped to set the country’scourse, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abusesof the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）
《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）《英美概况》试题(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ w ar starte d in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position ofindustrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB.C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan P olice Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free education。
(完整版)英美概况课后习题答案.docx
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be dividedinto and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxonsand the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1.What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?----Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government,and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1.What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engagedin agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxfordand Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2.Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of theservice industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teachwhat the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded thanmost state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News ofthe World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation ’ s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded asa” melting pot” and a” salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at thesame time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America ’s ecurity and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’ s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon ’ s-knownwell contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’ s economic program?Reagan’ s economic program ledcal for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’roles in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’ smore, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruitof victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “ checks and balances ” , the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms ofpolitical opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedomand demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice ofabortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas aboutthe American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American ’economics development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late20thcentury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America ’ s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country ’economics development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the newworld , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习题选择填空
Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world.2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin.5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer.6.The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US.7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah.1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the AppalachiansB. the Mississippi River BasinC. the Rockies west to the Pacific3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile.4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables.5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges.6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.Chapter 2 American Population1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry.2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s.3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.4.American Indians now mainly live in the South.5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain.6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population.7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes.8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South.1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world.2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race, and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter.3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line.4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a “model minority” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia.2.“The ambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century.3. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India.4. Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India.5. John Cabot was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.6. New York was not founded first by the English.7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except Virginia. (New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland)8. The last one of the 13 colonies was Georgia, which was established in 1733.1. In 1488 Bartholomew Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by rulers of Spain sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the islands of the Caribbean. He was convinced that he had found the continent of Asia.2. The South Africa was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci who showed the land he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named America after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607. In 1620, Pilgrims and others arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up “Mayflower Compact”4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: appointed by the English Kingb. Proprietary: chosen by proprietorsc. Self-governing: elected by residents5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they become a center for fishing and shipbuilding. The middle colonies were known as the breadbasket, which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a plantation system. The main crop in the South was tobacco. Much later, cotton became important crop.Chapter 4 American Revolution1. There was a great change in policy towards the 13 colonies after 1763.2. The Stamp Act of 1765 first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies.3. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to help the British East India Company.4. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except Georgia.5. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in Lexington.6. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists to declare their in dependence.7. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8. The victory at Saratoga was considered as the turning point of the War of Independence.1. During the colonial days the English ruling class did everything they could to control the development of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to complement and not compete with English industry.2. Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with France, the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3. The Sons of Liberty was formed in 1765 to organize the opposition to the Stamp Act. They favored to take violent action to the stamp collectors.4. The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in Sep.1774. The majority of the representatives still favor to take peaceful means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to give in to their demands. This united action could be called boycott.5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. Karl Marx once called it “the first declaration of the rights of the individual”.6. The American War of Independence lasted 7 years. The fighting was actually ended in 1781, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in 1783. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west and from the Great Lakes on the north to Spanish Florida on the south. The direct social change brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. The confederation created in 1781 was a very loose union of states.2. James Madison was called the Father of the US Constitution.3. The Constitution was frames on the following ideals except that the new government should impose its authority on the people through states.4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called Federalists.5. Nine States were needed to ratify the Constitution.6. “They spell out the people’s right” is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers.7. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least three-fourths of the states.8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was James Madison.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a legislature; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Island attended the opening session. The president of the convention was George Washington.3. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and preferred a more decentralized federal system of government.4. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams, and the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson.5. the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase, which was about 828,000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.6. The War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence. This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial economy into a really independent national economy.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except Latin America for Europeans.2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by 1848.3. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the Whitney’s cotton gin.4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some abolitionists.5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union.6. “It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States” about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate.7. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its industrial superiority.8. An advantage the South had over the North was its superior military leadership.1. The essence of the Monroe Doctrine was “America for Americans” which later became the cornerstone of the US foreign policy.2. The US expansion to the west may be treated in three stages;A. the settlement of the region between seaboard states and the Mississippi RiverB. the settlement of the Louisiana Territoryc. the occupation of the far Southwest.3. The great majority of dwellers in Louisiana Territory were the descendants of the French pioneers. They settled mainly in two cities: St. Louis and New Orleans.4. Oregon Territory was settled between Britain and the United States in 1846. Its boundary on the north was fixed at the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude.5. Under Missouri Compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but the balance of political power maintained by admission of Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line36°30’ parallel.6. In 1862, the federal government took two revolutionary measures: (1) Homestead Act and (2) Emancipation proclamation.7. In July 1863 came the turning point of the war at Gettysburg. Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E. Lee was defeated. The battlefield was made a national cemetery, where Lincoln gave his famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, on November 19, 1863.8. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings was Andrew Johnson.2. The radical Reconstruction was ended under the President Rutherford B. Hays3. Gold was discovered in California in 1848.4. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in 1869.5. Telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander D. Bell.6. The value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by 1900.7. The first imperialist war, the US—Spanish War, broke out in 1898.8. After the US—Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except Cuba (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines)1. The Reconstruction Acts divided all the former Confederate states, except Tennessee, into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martial law if necessary.2. During the Reconstruction period many Northerners moved to the south .Whatever their motives, these Northerners came to be called carpetbaggers because they were said to have brought all their belongings to the South in a small, cheap suitcase made out of a carpet like material.3. During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radical reconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags. They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.4. The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for restoring white supremacy and driving blacks out of politics.5. During Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency the US got control of Panama Canal.Chapter 8 World War I and the Depression1. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the first place in economy in Europe was Germany.2. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observe strict neutrality.3. The US joined the First World War in 1917.4. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of creation of an international peacekeeping force.5. “Only the rich could afford new consumer goods” about the US in 1920s is not true.6. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thou ght that the basic role of the Government was to “create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprises”.7. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of overproduction.8. “It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar” is not right to comment on the New Deal.1. The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power.2. The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917was the Germany’s unlimited campaign.3. The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations.4. The United States didn’t join the League of Nations because the US Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles.5. Three major treaties were concluded at the Washington Conference:(1) The Four-Power Treaty, respecting the status quo in the Pacific.(2) The Five-Power Treaty, on naval arms apportionment.(3) The Nine-Power Treaty, guaranteeing the independence and integrity of China in appearance, but actually a public international affirmation of the Open Door policy.6. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted in 1920, which granted women the right to vote.7. The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.Chapter 9 American During and After World War II1. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except active intervention to prevent aggression.2. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941.3. Normandy Landing took place on June 6, 1944.4. At Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945 did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to call a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945.5. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.6. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.7. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under the President Lyndon B. Johnson.8. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under the President Carter.1. The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to sell certain no prohibited goods to belligerent nations as long as thosegoods were not transported on American ships.2. Lend-Lease Act enabled any country whose defense the President considered vital to that of the US to receive arms and other equipment and supplies by sale, transfer, exchange, or lease. F.D. Roosevelt explained the Act would make the US the arsenal of world democracy.3. Civil rights involve government protection of individuals against discrimination based on their race,religion nation origin, gender, age, and other factors. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was honored for his effort to fight discrimination. In 1964, he won the Nobel Prize for peace.4. Star Wars program was proposed by President Reagan in 1983. The program seeks to construct a defensive “shield” against incoming missiles. The shield would be made of laser and electronic devices that would destroy such missiles launched to attack the US.5. In 1990, President Bush ordered Operation Desert Storm to punish Iraq, more than 200000 US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, and the US navy blocked all oil exports from Iraq and all imports except food.6. Under Clinton, the US enjoyed an economic growth for nine consecutive years. This phenomenon, hardly seen before, has been termed the “new economy” by some. The fundamental reason for it is that American economic structure went through essential changes because of the promotion of scientific and technological progress.Chapter 10 the Federal System and Congress1. The power of the state in the US is actually from both B and C. (the state constitution, the US Constitution)2. The supreme law of the United States includes all the above three.3. The terms of the senator and representative are six and two years respectively.4.”The 17th Amendment (1913)” provided for the direct election of senators.5. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in the Senate.6. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in the House.7. The Speaker of the House is second in line in presidential succession.8. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in the Rules Committee.1. Federalism means the division of powers by a constitution between the central government and state government. It operates only on two levels, the national and the states. Units of government within a state enjoy no independent existence.2. Separation of powers in the United States means not only allocating legislative power to Congress, executive power to President and judicial power to the Supreme Court, but also giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branches a sufficient role in the actions of the others.3. According to the Constitution, members of the House of Representatives must be25years old and must have been citizens for 7 years. Senators must be at least 30 and must have been citizens for 9 years.4. The Vice President is officially the presiding officer and is called the president of the Senate. In fact he seldom appears in the Senate chamber in this role unless it appears that there might be tie vote in the Senate. In such instances, he casts the tiebreaking vote. To deal with day-to-day business, the Senate chooses the president pro tempore.5. A senator who wants to delay action on a bill or kill it altogether may use a tactic called a filibuster. It can be cut off only through cloture.6. Lobbying is part of the citizen’s right to petition government in the US. Now there are thousands of lobbyists in Washington D.C. Their influence in making the US policy is so great that some people call them “the third house”.Chapter 11 The President and the Judiciary1. The 22nd Amendment in following limits the President to two successive terms only.2. The American President has all the following powers except declaring war on another country.3. The president’s major appointments should be approved by the Senate.4. “It requires the approval of Congress” is not correct to explain the executive agreement.5. The President’s veto can be overridden by two-third votes in both houses.6. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries are the district courts.7. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is to interpret the US constitution.8. The case involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in the federal district courts.1.By law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age and of being a resident within the United States for 14years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified president-elect takes office on the20th of January following his election.2.The war powers resolution (1973) requires the President to consult congress and withdraw troops after sixty days unless Congress specifically approves the continued deployment of troops.3.A federal law gave President an item veto in 1996, which is an authority to reject specific sections of a bill without having to veto the entire bill.4.The Supreme Court has the power to examine the bills passed by Congress and policies made by President, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them. John Marshall, the most famous chief justice in American history called this power of interpretation judicial review5.There are three federal court levels: 1) the district courts 2) the courts of appeal 3) the Supreme Court. All the judges of federal courts are appointed by President with the consent of the Senate. The state court system also has a hierarchy of three levels: 1) superior courts, 2) appellate courts, 3) a state supreme court. The state court judges are usually elected. The term of the country court judges is usually four years. And the judges in higher state courts usually sever eight or twelve years for one termChapter 12 Political Parties and Elections1. The emblem of the Democratic Party is donkey.2. The first Democratic President was Thomas Jefferson.3. The first Republican President was Abraham Lincoln.4. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was Grover Cleveland.5. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated at the national convention.6. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on the Tues, after the 1st Mon.7. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of its senators and Representatives.8. The American President is actually elected by presidential electors.1. Two factions emerged during the ratification of the US Constitution. One group was called Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton. They favored business development, a strong national government, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Another group led by Thomas Jefferson was called Democratic-Republicans. They called for a society based on small farms, a relatively weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The roots of today’s Republican Party lie in the Federalists, while the Democrats can trace their beginnings back to Antifederalists or Democratic-Republicans.2. In general, Democrats traditionally have supported workers and minorities, while the Republicans are known for known for their support of business and conservative positions on social issues.3. Before 1971 the only state that gave 18-year-old the right to vote was Georgia; all other states set the age at 21. In 1971 the 26th Amendment to the Constitution lowered the voting age to 18.4. The voting percentage now is very low in the United States. In general older people with more education and high income tend to vote, while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the Unites States.5. The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes. This is known as the “winner-take-all” principle. The candidate who wins the majority of the 538 Electoral College votes will be the US President in the next four years.。
大学英语 英美概况 课后题答案.doc
I.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.FII.7. b8. a9. c10. cIII.11.244 108; land; inland water12.the west; off13.the North Sea; the English Channel; Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay; the Irish Sea14.ten thousand; 31;115.700-foot; the River Tees; the River Exe16.Backbone of England17.The Republic of Ireland1& JanuaTy; July19.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland20.God Save the Queen (King)21.the British Royal ArmsUnit 21.South Lancashire and West Yorkshire; the London area; the industrialized Midlands2.239 per sq.km; the highest; 4 448 per sq.km3.London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, Belfast, Cardiff4.town-dwellers; 4 percent5.T6.T7.T8. F9.T10.TUnit 31.Christian2.St. Augustine3.the Church of England; the Church of Scotland; the Church of England; th Anglican Church;Canterbury; York4.The Archbishop of Canterbury; the Archbishop of York5.Protestant; Thirty-Nine Articles; the Book of Common Prayer6.Treaty of Union 17077.the Methodists; the United Reformed Church, the Baptists; the Quakers; the Methodists8.Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland9.The Quakers; George Fox, The Journal10.religious; philanthropic11.Roman Pope; archbishops; bishops; priests; 713. F14. F15.T16. F17.T18.T19. F20.T21. F22. a23. b24. c25. d26. aUnit 41.Queen Elizabeth II2.sovereign's Birthday; Thursday of the second week in June3.to declare war, to make peace, to recognize foreign states and government4.reigns, rule5.all the ministers6.Golden Brown7.Attorney General, Solicitor General, Lord Advocate, Solicitor General8.32 London boroughs, the city of London9.single-tier system, 26 districts10.mandatory, permissive11.the Monarch , the House of Lords, the House of Commons12.the Lord Chancellor13.Prime Minister14.Cabinet15.five years, legislation passed in the usual way16.Upper House, the Lords Spiritual, Lords Temporal17. F18. F19. F20.T21. F22. F23. F24. F25. F26. F27.T29. b30. a31. c32. cUnit 51.T2.T3. F4. F5.T6.Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Party, Social Democratic Party7.the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party8.Executive Council9.183310.the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Association, the Scottish Conservative andUnionist Association11.the Conservative Party, the Labour Party12.constituencies, the House of Commons13.198114.the party conference15.the ToriesUnit 61. F2. F3. F4.T5. F6. F7.T8. F9. F10. Fpulsory schooling, decentralization12.set standards, to guide, to advise and to inspect13.elected local educational authorities14.infant schools, junior schools15.340016.borough schools17.mathematics, English, history, geography, foreign language, technology, music, physical culture,arts18.religion19.the old universities, the redbrick universities, the new universities20.1969, January 197121.the First degree, the Higher degree22.Oxford, Cambridge, the college, the tutorial23.the autonomous sector, the public sector24.the Ordinary level, the Advanced level, pupils at average academic level, the National Criteria25.the secondary modern school26.1850,1930Unit 71.125, weekly newspapers, periodicals of various kinds2.no specific press, libel and defamation, official secret3.4.3.The Review4.the Spectator5.Punch6.the Economist7.Radio Times, the Listeners8.the Times, Financial Times, the Guardian9.The Guardian10.the Sunday Times, the Observer11.The Observer12.The Morning Star13.T14.T15. F16.T17. FUnit 81. F2.T3. F4.T5. F6. F7.T8. F9.T10.T11. F12.T13. F14.mixed economy15.13th16.the woolen branch, the worsted branch17.the third18.the Imperial Chemical Industries19.London20.Bristol, Plymouth21.The conurbation at Stoke-on Trentce23.north-west England24.steel centre, manufacture of high quality steels25.coalmining26.the central lowlands27.Edinburgh28.linen29.Field vegetables30.wheat, eastern half31.Kent32.trunk motorways, trunk roads, non-trunk roads33.car34.second, 1658435.shipping36.Dan-Air Services, British Midland, Air UK, Virgin Atlantic, Britannia Airways37.the Heathrow Airport38.services; interest, profits and dividends; the transfers39.Windermere, Ullswater, Windermere, Lough Neagh40.the Scottish coalmining area, the coalmining area of central England, the southern Welshcoalmining area41.sand and gravel, chalk, limestone, salt, slate , china clay42.346, Cotswold, the Midland of England, the North SeaUnit 101.cave men/the old stone age hunters, the great Ice Age2.their characteristic drinking・vessel3.between 55 and 54BC4.to keep back the Picts and Scots5.The Celts6.597, Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury7.at the beginning of the eight century, Denmark and Norway8.1016 to 10429.Edward, building Westminster Abbey10.Iberians and Bronze Age Warriors11.King John, June 17th, 1215, Runnymede on Thames, John's tyranny and misgovernment, theChurch and the Englsih people12.Rome's, foreigners, foreign advisers13.the defender of the Charter, a lover of liberty and a fine soldier14.the climax and the end of the material prosperity of the medieval Englsih kingdom15.making new land law, cutting sown the power of its courts16. b17. b18. a19. c20. cUnit 111.1485, the House of Tudor, first king2.the Middle Ages, the start of new age in Englsih history3.great event, An important source of wealth, a major export, Netherlands, a producer and exporter ofwool, a manufacturer of cloth4.1549, Robert Kett, to help to stay the progress of the Enclosure Movement5.the clothing industry, foreign trade and colonial plunder6.new water routes to the East, the Middle Eastland and Far East, Portuguese seamen, the Cape routeto India, Columbus, a new continent7.1534, Act of Supremacy8.she persecuted and burnt 300 Protestants in 4 years9.T10. F11.T12. F13. F14. F15. F16.T17. FUnit 121. F2.F4 5 6 7 8 93. TTTFTFT 10. F11. Duke of Marlborough, the Spanish Succession12. Scotland, England, Great Britain, the Union Jack13. 1713,Gilbrata, Minorca, Nova Scotia of Canada and Newfoundland14. Sir Robert Walpole, the Cabinet system15. a new era, British situation, Parliamentary Politics16. France, England, the colonies, 1756,1763, India and America, Peace of Paris17. power-driven mules, Richard Arkwright18. George IV's, Robert Peel, London,19. Crimean War, Florence Nightingale20. James town21. Canada, Australia, New Zealand22. the Cape of Good Hope, Egypt23. Central America,24. export of capital, monopoly25. b26. a27. c28. c29. b30. bUnit 131. foreign market, raw materials, strategic positions2. splendid isolation3. 4, 1914,191 & signature of Peace Treaty of Versailles, Africa, the Pacific4. non-intervention/ appeasement5. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an attack on one was an attack on all, foreign trade, her oldcustomers in the Commonwealth, the new customers in the European Community。
英美概况习题测验精选revised（含答案）
英美概况习题测验精选revised（含答案）Understanding the United KingdomPart 1 Geography and History of UKSection 1 The LandI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdoniaD. Scafell5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogsKeys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. AII. Translate the following into Chinese1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The strait of Dover 多佛海峡3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡4.Greenwich 格林尼治5..The Britain Isles 大不列颠岛6.The Thames River 泰晤士河7.The Severn River 塞汶河/doc/0e2796592.htmlke Neigh 讷湖9. Lake District 湖区10.Edinburgh 爱丁堡11.Glasgow 格拉斯哥12.Cardiff 加的夫13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱14. the British Isles不列颠群岛15.the English Channel 英吉利海峡16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候17. loanwords外来语，外来词18.. Old English古英语（略作OE）19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教20. .Middle English中世纪英语；中古英语（约1150－约1475年间的英语）III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.___ 1. Northern Ireland a. church leader of a diocese___ 2. Charlotte Bronte b. Ulster___ 3. archbishop c. Middle Valley___ 4. Ben Nevis d. church leader of a province___ 5. bilingual education e. Britain’s highest mountain___ 6. Central lowland f. author of Jane Eyre___ 7. bishop g. teaching in two languages(Key: 1.b 2.f 3.a 4.e 5.g 6.c 7.d)Section 2 The PeopleI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The English people are descendants of .A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes2. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. NormanD. Danish3. The established church of Britain is .A. The Church of EnglandB. Free churchC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of Scotland4. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.A. ComingB. BirthC. DeathD. ResurrectionKeys: 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. DII．Match the names of the cities with the descriptions.Column A Column B__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain __c__2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain __a__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside__b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain__d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside__e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland__i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland__h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandIII. Translate the following into Chinese1.Modern English 现代英语2.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会3.Christmas 圣诞节4.Easter 复活节5.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂6.City of London 伦敦城7.Outer London 外伦敦8.Poets' Corner 诗人角9. Birmingham 伯明翰IV. True or False1.England is smaller than the combined territory of Scotland and Wales.2.The first Christian church was established at Canterbury, England, in 597.3.The Scottish language is derived from Old English.4.What kind of language to speak is not important in Great Britain.5.The present-day English people have inherited the physical characteristics of the Germanicpeople and the Celts.(Key: 1. F (still larger) 2.T 3. F (Old Celtic language) 4. F (extremely important) 5. TSection 3 Early Man and the Feudal SocietyI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________.A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons2. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. AugustineD. the Pope3. Roman Britain lasted until the year of ______ when all Roman troops went back to thecontinent.A.400 A.D.B. 410 A.D.C.445 A.D. D.449 A.D.4. Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?A.Welsh ChristianityB. the Roman RoadsC. citiesD. enormous wealth5. The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchantsKeys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. BII. Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place.1. __d____ a. Norman Conquest2. __b____ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest3. __e____ c. the birth of Parliament4. __a____ d. Roman Conquest5. __c____ e. Danish ConquestIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服 2 . Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居3. Edward, the Confessor 信教者爱德华4. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役5. the Great Charter 大宪章6. Model Parliament 模范会议7. Stonehenge巨石阵8. King Arthur 亚瑟王9. Vikings 维京人/北欧海盗10. the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集11. Danelaw丹麦法律施行区12. Picts皮克特人13. Julius Caesar 尤里乌斯凯撒/ 凯撒大帝19. Hadrian’s Wall哈德良长城20. Robin Hood罗宾汉IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. King Alfred a. itinerant justices2. knights b. the Father of British Navy3. Prince of Wales c. heir to the English throne4. circuit judges d. sworn men5. Witan e. wise men(1-b 2-d 3-c 4-a 5-e )V. True or False1. The Celts laid the foundations of the English state.2. Old English originated in Normandy.3. The Norman Conquest strengthened the cultural connection between the Anglo-Saxons and their relatives in north Europe.4. The Norman cavalry defeated the Anglo-Saxon troop at Hastings.5. The bi-linguistic period in English history drew to an end by the late 18th century.(1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)Section 4 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois RevolutionI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. _______ launched the Hundred Years’ War.A. Edward ⅠB. Edward ⅡC. Edward ⅢD. Henry Ⅲ2. War of Roses were fought _____ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to 1485.A. constantlyB. irregularlyC. continuouslyD. intermittently3. The House of Tudor was founded in _______.A. 1455B. 1465C. 1475D. 14854. The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th5. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages had cared about.B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.6. The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne.A. Charles ⅠB. Charles ⅡC. James ⅡD. William of OrangeKeys: 1.C 2.D 3.D 4. C 5.A 6. DII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Puritan 清教徒2. The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战3. Short Parliament 短期议会4. Long Parliament 长期议会5. Black Death 黑死病6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟7. “Glorious R evolution” 光荣革命8. the Wars of Roses 玫瑰战争9. humanism 人文主义10. Renaissance文艺复兴IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1.Armada a. flower of the feudalism2.knights b. peasant leader3.Watt Tyler c. state church4.Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy5.Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet6.Established religion f. Protestant ideology(1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c)V. True or False1.Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.2.The Hundred Yea r’s War continued without interruption for more than 100 years.3.The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.4.The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in Englishhistory.5.Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life asa tragedy.(1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist MovementⅠ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal-miningD. ship-building2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt3. The author of Wealth of Nations is .A. Adam SmithB. David RichardoC. Thomas MalthusD. Robert OwenKeys: 1.B 2.A 3.AII Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A.Column A Column B1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the “Spinning Jenny”4. b James Watt d. the power loomIII. Key Terms:1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋（1605年英国天主教徒在国会地下室放置炸药企图炸死国王）2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说3. Origin of Species 物种起源IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution2. Darwin B. Lord Protector3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists(1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)Section 6 The British Empire and British ImperialismWhat wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking. In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China.Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.1. The first British colony was .A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.A. PekingB. NankingC. TientsinD. Canton3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ?A. foreign territorial expansionB. export of capitalC. free competitionD. monopoly4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ?A. GermanyB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. Italy5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?A. 1939B. 1940C. 1941D.19428. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990mainly because of .A. the slow development of the British economyB. the high inflationC. the high rate of unemploymentD. the high rate of taxes9. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950B. 1954C. 1972D. 1997Keys: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.CII．Translate the following into Chinese1. the Treaty of Nanking 南京条约2. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦3. tobacco plantations 烟草种植园4. Opium War 鸦片战争5. BBC 英国广播公司6. carefree lifestyle 无忧无虑的生活方式III．True or False1. During the Second World War more than 4.5 million people were sent to fight overseas.2.Under the leadership of Tony Blair, the Labor Party promised to turn Britain into a socialist state.3.After the loss of Egypt and the Suez Canal, people no longer regarded Britain as a great power.4.The Second World War turned Britain into a creditor nation.5.The British voters deserted Churchill because they wanted to put the war behind them.(1.T 2. F(He abandoned the idea) 3. T 4. F(a debtor nation) 5. T)Part 2 Political System and Economy of UKSection 1 Parliament and GovernmentI．What power does the Queen have theoretically? Why is it said she has no real power at all in reality?The queen has all the power: she is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to all laws; she may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments; she is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the temporal head of the church of England; she also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges, officers of the armed forces, governors, bishops and diplomats. It is the monarch who has the power to conclude treaties, to declare war upon and make peace with other nations.II. Choose the correct answers.1. Which of the following is NOT true of British political system?A. Britain has no codified constitution.B. Britain is a federal state.C. Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.D. British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of________.A. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords3. The British government ministers are responsible to _____ for the work of their department.A. A. the House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the CabinetD. the Privy Council4. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of ________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament5. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden ________.A. to be voters at electionsB. to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changesD. to compete with others for a higher rank Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.B4.D5.BIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. the House of Lords 贵族院, 英国上议院2. the House of Commons 平民院亦称下院3. the Lord Chancellor 大法官4. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部5. the Home Office 内政部6. Mr. speaker 下院议长7. the Cabinet 内阁8. life peers （英）终身贵族（子孙不能承袭的）9.lord temporal [复数]Lords Temporal(英国)上议院的世俗议员(指上议院中非宗教界的议员即非主教或大主教的贵族议员)10.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制度11. law lords英国上议院高级法官12. Buckingham Palace白金汉宫（英国皇宫）13. head of the state国家元首14.lords spiritual （英）上议院神职议员IV. Matching___ 1. the crown a. lower-upper class___ 2. motions b. symbol of supreme executive power___ 3. monarch c. king or queen___ 4. gentry d. proposals of legislation___ 5.Lord of Chancellor e. the opposition___ 6. minority party f. important person(1. b 2. d 3. c 4.a 5.f 6.e)V. True or False1.Most proposals for legislation are put forward by the opposition party2.The British prime minister can select any British citizen for the office of foreign secretary.3.The British supreme court of appeals is the Upper House4.The British House of Lords is composed of three types of peers.5.The queen appoints the leader of the minority party as prime minister.6.The British queen is free to dissolve Parliament.7.British Members of Parliament are selected for a term of five years.Keys:(1. F (by the cabinet) 2. F (select one cabinet member) 3. T4. F (three types of lords)5. F (the leader of majority party)6. F (The queen’s dissolving the Parliament is normally done at the request of PM)7. T)Section 2 Party politics and judiciary1. The Conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since the end of__________.A. the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 1960s2. The general election in Britain is held every ___ years.A. 3B. 4C. 5D.63. The party that has the majority of seats in ____ will form the government in Britain.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the Privy CouncilD. the CabinetKeys；1.C 2.C 3.AII: Key Terms:1 the Conservative Party 保守党2 the Labour Party 工党3. major parties主要政党4. general election 大选5. silence right沉默权6. hung jury 悬而不决的陪审团7. circuit judges巡回法官8. independent candidate独立候选人III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1.constable a. accused2. summary offence b. state-owned3. constituency c. freedom of belief4. defendant d. between the left and the right5. religious freedom e. soliciting votes6. magistrate f. senior lawyer7. nationalized g. electoral district8. political center h. petty offence9. barrister i. police officer10. canvassing j. Justice of the Peace（1--i 2--h 3--g 4--a 5--c 6--j 7--b 8--d 9--f 10--e ）IV. True or False.1. Political questions are dealt with by law courts in Britain.2. To protect its national independence, Britain puts its national law above the European Union law.3. Britain is the first country t institute jury trial.4. Nearly all the British voters regard their local candidates as independent candidates.（1.F 2. F 3. T 4. F）Section 3 Economy and CitiesI. Key Terms1. visible trade有形贸易2. invisible trade 无形贸易3. Poets' Corner诗人角4. denationalization 非国有化5. value added tax增值税6. West End伦敦西区/doc/0e2796592.htmlernment subsidies 政府补贴II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Adam Smith a. famous car maker2. Rolls Royce b. mail marketing3. junk mail c. center of electronic industry4. Silicon Glen d. privatization5. denationalization e. center of newspaper industry6. Fleet Street f. author of the Wealth of Nations(1-f 2--a 3--b 4--c 5--d 6--e)Part III. True or False.1. Britain is fully self-sufficient in food grain.2. Britain has unfavorable conditions for agricultural development.3. Today many British shipping firms operate under foreign flags to reduce cost money.4. British agriculture is labor-intensive.5. British farms employ more than 10% of the nation's total population.(1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.F)Part 3 Society and Culture of UKI. Key terms1.stocks and bonds 股票及债券2. nuclear family 核心家庭；基本家庭3.afternoon tea 下午茶4. independent schools 私立学校5. Oxbridge牛津和剑桥大学6. the Middle Ages 中世纪，中古时期7. inheritance taxes遗产税，继承税II. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. English gentleman A. children’s d uty to parents2. filial piety B. discoverer of law of motion3. Issac Newton C. public examinations4. eleven plus D. public school5. Eton College E. patterns of behavior and thinking(1. E 2.A 3. B 4. C 5.D)III. True of False1. According to British tradition, the bond of marriage is stronger than any previous family bonds.2. In English history a married woman’s legal existence was suspended during marriage.3. English people like to drink coffee just as Americans do.4. Students in English public schools are free to wear the low-waist jeans on the campus.5. English public schools stress the importance cultivating obedience.(1. T 2. T 3. F (they prefer tea) 4. F (they are forbidden to wear those jeans) 5. T)Understanding the United StatesPart 1 GeographySection 1 The LandI. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.A. northernB. southernC. centralD. eastern2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.A. thirdB. forthC. fifthD. sixth3._____ is the largest state of the United States in area.A. HawaiiB. TexasC. AlaskaD. Pennsylvania4. River _______ flows through New York City.A. MissouriB. St. LawrenceC. ColoradoD. Hudson5. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake _______ is wholly within the US.A. SuperiorB. MichiganC. HuronD. Erie6. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between_________.A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie.C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.D. Lake Superior and Lake MichiganKeys:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.CII. Translate the following into Chinese1. Alaska: 阿拉斯加2. the Mississippi River: 密西西比河3.the Hudson River: 哈德逊河4.“Gold Rush”: 淘金热5.Hawaii: 夏威夷6.the “Motor City”: 汽车城7. Continental climate 大陆性气候8.the Appalachian Mountains: 阿巴拉契亚山9. Statue of Liberty 自由女神像10.Niagara Falls: 尼亚加拉瀑布11. Bering Strait 白令海峡12. Silicon Valley 硅谷13. Grand Canyon 大峡谷III. Match the names of states in Colum A with their major features in Colum B.Colum A Colum Bc 1.Washington a. the leading state in the production of coal__d _ 2.Texas b. the leading state in the production of copper __b _ 3.Arizona c. the leading state in growth of trees of commercial value __a _ 4.Pennsylvania d. the leading state in the production of oilIV. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B.Column A Column B.1. __c_ Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US2. _ d _ New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US3. __a _ Chicago c. the seat of the federal government4. __b _ Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. “Space City, USA”6. __h _ Detroit f. the largest leather, shoe and wool market7. __e _ Houston g. the seat of the Continental Congress8. __j San Francisco h. “Motor City ,USA”9. _ f__ Boston i. one of Americans top steel-making areas10. I__Pittsburgh j. the city that has the largest ChinatownV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Old Man River a. steel-making center2. American Ruhr b. America’s national bird3. Pittsburgh c. ice box4. Bald eagle d. Ohio River5. Alaska e. Life on the Mississippi6. Mark Twain f. Mississippi(1f 2d 3a 4b 5c 6e)VI. True or False1. The central part of the United States is composed of big mountains.2. The Niagara Falls is situated on the Mississippi River.3. The Great Plains covers a distance of about 640 kilometers from east to west.(1F 2F 3F)Section 2 The PeopleⅠ.Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is ____.A. the Black peopleB. WASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics2. The ____ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.A. American IndiansB. HispanicsC. BlackD. Asian Americans3. The _ _are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. non-WASPsD. Asians4. The state of ___ is the largest in population today.A. New YorkB. ColoradoC. ArizonaD. California。
英美国家概况课后习题
英美概况课后习题Chapter 1 The Land (P8)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The full and official name of Great Britain changed into its present-day form in the yearof .A. 1920B. 1927C. 1914D. 1945(B)2. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)3. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber(D)4. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland(A)5. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell(D)6. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three(A)7. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs(C) 8. The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in ___________.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North SeaIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The Strait of Dover 多佛海峡3.The English Channel 英吉利海峡4.Greenwich 格林威治8.The Britain Isles 大不列颠群岛13.The Thames River 泰晤士河14.The Severn River 塞汶河ke Neigh 讷湖ke District 湖区18.Edinburgh 爱丁堡19.Glasgow 格拉斯哥20.Cardiff 加的夫Questions1. 3 features of British climateWinter fogRainy daysInstability/changeabilityChapter 2 The People (P17)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)2. The English people are descendants of .A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes(C)3. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. NormanD. Danish(A)6. The established church of Britain is .A. The Church of EnglandB. Free churchC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of Scotland(A)7. Which of the following religious sects does not belong to Free Churches?A. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. QuakersC. MethodistsD. Baptists(A)8. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.A. ComingB. BirthC. DeathD. ResurrectingII．Blank filling2.The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish arethe descendants of the Celts.8. Most of the British social customs are based on the Christian tradition.III. Match the names of the cities with the descriptions.Column A Column B__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain__c__2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain__g__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside__b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain__d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside__e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland__i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland__h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandIV. Translate the following into Chinese1.Old English 古英语2.Middle English 中期英语3.Modern English 现代英语4.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会6.Christmas 圣诞节7.Easter 复活节8.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂11.City of London 伦敦城12.Outer London 外伦敦13.Poets' Corner 诗人角14. Birmingham 伯明翰Questions2. Westminster AbbeyIt is a large, mainly Gothic church, the traditional place of coronation and burial site for British monarchs. Particularly in poets’ Corner, many famous men and women are buried.3.ShakespeareGreat Tragediesa)Hamletb)Othelloc)King Leard)MacbethGreat Comediese)The Merchant of Venicef)The Twelfth Nightg) A Midsummer Night’s Dreamh)As you Like ItChapter 4 Parliament and Government (P35)I. Choices1.Which of the following statement is NOT true of British political system?A.Britain has no codified constitution.B.Britain is a federal state.C.Britain still keeps an old-fashioned government.D.British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.3. A bill that deals with finance is always introduced __________.A. by the Chancellor of the ExchequerB. in the House of Lords.C. in the House of CommonsD. in the Privy Council4. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of ___________.A. the QueenB. the Prime ministerC. the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords5. The British government ministers are responsible to ___________ for the work of their department.A. the House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the CabinetD. the Privy Council6. All the government ministers of Britain must be members of __________.A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament8. Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden _________________.A. to be voters at electionsB. to be candidates for parliamentC. to continue their work when government changesD. to compete with others for a higher rankII. Blank Filling1. The British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2. The present sovereign of Britain is Queen Elisabeth II, and Prince Charles is the heir to the throne.4. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain.5. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.6. The president of the House of Lord is the Lord Chancellor, and the presiding officer of the House of Commons is “Mr. Speaker”.III. Translate the following into Chinese1. the House of Lords 贵族院亦称上院2. the House of Commons 平民院亦称下院3. the Lord Chancellor 大法官5. the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部6. the Home Office 内政部IV. Explain the following in Chinese2. Mr. Speaker 下院议长3. the Cabinet 内阁Questions4.What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consist of?The supreme legislative authority rests with Parliament, which consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.5.The Privy CouncilThe Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King. So the Privy Council was also called the King’s Council in history. Today its role is largely formal, advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.Chapter 5 Party Politics and Judiciary (P35)I．Choices1.The conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since_____________.A. the end of the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the end of the Second World WarD. the end of 1960s2.The general election in Britain is held every ____________ year.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 67. The party that has the majority of seats in _________ will form the government in Britain.A. the house of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the privy CouncilD. the Cabinet14. The Famous “Scotland Yard” refers to ____________.A. CIAB. CID D. New Scotland Yard D. House of ParliamentII. Blank Filling2. The conservative party developed out of the Tory Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the Whig party.4. For the election purpose, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which elects one member of the House of Parliament.III. Translate the following into Chinese6. the Lord Chancellor 大法官7. Home Secretary 内政大臣Chapter 6 Early Man and the Feudal Society (P54)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________.A. CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons(B) 2. From 700 B.C., the Celts came from the ________ and began to inhabit British isles.A. Iberian PeninsulaB. Upper RhinelandC. Lower RhinelandD. Scandinavian countries(B) 3. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. AugustineD. the Pope(B) 4.Roman Britain lasted until the year of ______ when all Roman troops went back to thecontinent.A.400 A.D.B. 410 A.D.C.445 A.D. D.449 A.D.(D) 5.Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?A.Welsh ChristianityB. the Roman RoadsC. citiesD. enormous wealth (A) 6.In the middle of fifth century, Anglo-Saxons came from the region of _____ and the lowCountries and settled in Britain.A.DenmarkB. NorwayC. GermanyD. Holland(D) 8.Which of the follow kingdoms was NOT set up by Angle?A. NorthumbriaB. MerciaC. East AngliaD. Kent(A) 9.Which of the follow kingdoms was set up by the Jutes?A. KentB. SussexC. WessexD. Essex(C) 13. “Doomsday Book” was in fact a record of each man’s _____________.A. experienceB. behaviorC. propertyD. reputation(B) 15.The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchantsV. Translate the following into Chinese1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服2. Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居3. Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy 盎格鲁撒克逊人七国时代5. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役6. “Doomsday Book ” 末日审判书7. the Great Charter 大宪章Questions6. All Estates Parliament 各级议会In 1265, Simon called a parliament with two knights from each shire and two citizens from each town. It was known as the “All Estates Parliament”.7. Model Parliament 模范议会Chapter 7 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois Revolution (P65) I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C) 1. _______ launched the Hundred Years’ War.A. Edward ⅠB. Edward ⅡC. Edward ⅢD. Henry Ⅲ(C) 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The Hundred Years War was a feudal war.B. The Hundred Years War was a trade war.C. The Hundred Years War lasted for one hundred years.D. The Hundred Years War is one of the historical events that marked the decline offeudalism in Britain.(B) 3.From ______ onward, Parliament was divided into two chambers.A.1337B. 1343C.1453D.1455(D) 4.Black Death to some extent brought _______ to villains.A.Higher wagesB. greater freedomC. better lifeD. both A and B(D) 7.War of Roses were fought _____ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to1485.A. constantlyB. irregularlyC. continuouslyD. intermittently(D) 9.The House of Tudor was founded in _______.A. 1455B. 1465C. 1475D. 1485(C) 10.The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th(A) 11. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages hadcared about.B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.(A) 12.The two centuries just before the outbreak of the Bourgeois revolution were a period of___.A. capital accumulationB. colonization abroadC. foreign territorialD. enlightenment(A）16.The King’s men at the beginning of the first Civil War were called ___________.A. CavaliersB. roundheadsC. PuritansD. Presbyterians(D) 19. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Commonwealth period?A. Cromwell suppressed the diggers.B. Cromwell killed Levelers in the army.C. Cromwell conquered Ireland.D. Cromwell restored the House of Stuart.(D) 20.The “glorious revolution” of 1688 put ____ on the throne.A. Charles ⅠB. Charles ⅡC. James ⅡD. William of OrangeIII. Translate the following into Chinese1. the Enclosure 圈地运动2. Puritan 清教徒4. The Hundred Years’ War 百年大战7. Black Death 黑死病8. Cavaliers and Roundheads 骑士党和圆颅党Questions8. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝的复辟9. “glorious revolution” 光荣革命In 1688, the bourgeoisie staged a bloodless coup d’etat and put William of Orange on the throne, which came to be known as “the Glorious Revolution”.Chapter 8 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement (P74) Ⅰ.Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry.A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal-miningD. ship-building(A)2. invented the “spinning Jenny.”A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt(D)3. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Productivity was greatly increased.B. Unskilled workers were employed.C. Many new cities sprang up.D. Workers’ living and working conditions were improved.Questions10. What were the consequences(结果) of the British Industrial Revolution?A: First, the industrial bourgeoisie(工业资产阶级) gained supremacy(最高权力,霸主地位) in the 1840s not only in the economic but also in the political life of the country. Second, productivity was greatly increased. Third, as a result of the growth of industry, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Chapter 9 The British Empire and British Imperialism (P84)Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The first British colony was .A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India(B)3. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.A. PekingB. NankingC. TientsinD. Canton(C)5. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ?A. foreign territorial expansionB. export of capitalC. free competitionD. monopoly(B)6. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ?A. GermanyB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. Italy(D)7. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy(D)8. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low(C)11. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?A. 1939B. 1940C. 1941D.1942(D) 12. The British Commonwealth of Nations is a ______________ organization.A. military A. cultural C. economic D. phony(B) 14. The underlying aim of Thatcherism is __________.A. nationalizationB. denationalizationC. cutting wagesD. increasing public expenditure (C)15. Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in1990 mainly because of .A. the slow development of the British economyB. the high inflationC. the high rate of unemploymentD. the high rate of taxes(C)16. China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of .A. 1950B. 1954C. 1972D. 1997Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese2. the Treaty of Nanking 南京条约4. the British Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦Chapter 10 The Land (P97)I. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.(B)1. The continental Unite States is situated in the _____ part of North America.A. northernB. southernC. centralD. eastern(B)2. The United States is the ______ largest country in the world in terms of area.A. thirdB. forthC. fifthD. sixth(C)3._____ is the largest state of the United States in area.A. HawaiiB. TexasC. AlaskaD. Pennsylvania(D)9. River _______ flows through New York City.A. MissouriB. St. LawrenceC. ColoradoD. Hudson(B)10. Of the five Great Lakes, Lake _______ is wholly within the US.A. SuperiorB. MichiganC. HuronD. Erie(C)11. Niagara Falls is located on the US Canadian boundary between_________.A. Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.B. Lake Huron and Lake Erie.C. Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.D. Lake Superior and Lake Michigan （D）17. the deposits of _____________ in the US rank the first in the world.A. tinB. copperC. goldD. natural gas(A) 19. the _________ area rich in nonferrous metal deposits in the US.A. Western mountain rangesB. great PlainsC. Central LowlandD. Appalachian mountain range(D) 20. Which of the following is NOT in Washington D.C.?A. the US CapitolB. the white HouseC. Pentagon buildingD. the UN headquartersⅢ. Translate the following into Chinese1.Alaska: 阿拉斯加2.the Mississippi River: 密西西比河3.the Hudson River: 哈德逊河4.“Gold Rush”: 淘金热5.Hawaii: 夏威夷6.the “Motor City”: 汽车城7.the “Space City, USA”: 美国航空城8.the Appalachian Mountains: 阿巴拉契亚山9.the Cordillera Range: 科罗拉多高原10.Niagara Falls: 尼亚加拉瀑布Ⅴ. Match the names of the cities in Column A with their features in Column B.Column A Column B.1. __c_ Washington D.C. a. the third largest city of the US2. _ d _ New York b. the film center and the second largest city of the US3. __a _ Chicago c. the seat of the federal government4. __b _ Los Angeles d. the largest city in the US5. _ g_ Philadelphia e. Space City USA”6. __h _ Detroit f. he largest leather, shoe and wool market7. __e _ Houston g. the seat of the Continental Congress8. __j San Francisco h. “Motor City ,USA”9. _ f__ Boston i. one of Americans top steel-making areas10. i__ Pittsburgh j. the city that has the largest ChinatownChapter 11 The People (P107)Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before in.(B)1. The dominant ethnic group in the United States today is ____.A. the Black peopleB. WASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics(B)2. The ____ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.A. American IndiansB. HispanicsC. BlackD. Asian Americans(D)3. Race is different from ethnicity because its basis is ____.A. country of originB. religionC. language spokenD. skin color(A)4. The _ _are at the very bottom of the society in the United States.A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. non-WASPsD. Asians(D)5. The state of ___ is the largest in population today.A. New YorkB. ColoradoC. ArizonaD. California(B)7. Hispanics in the US speak _____A. EnglishB. SpanishC. FrenchD. their native languages(D)9. ____ outnumber other religious groups in the United States.A. MethodistsB. CongregationalistsC. QuakersD. ProtestantsII. Blank Filling5. Black people in the US are descended from Negro slaves imported from Africa.8. In the 19th century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as “coolies”.12. Most of the Black people on the US Speak English, while the Hispanics speak Spanish.13. In the US, Protestants outnumber other religious groups.Ⅳ. Translate the following into Chinese.1.”melting pot”: 大熔炉2.WASPs: 白人盎格鲁.撒克逊新教徒3.ethnicity 种族划分5.Hispanics 拉丁美洲人Questions11.Should the United States be a melting pot or a salad bowl?The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a “melting pot”, meaning people with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds immigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today.America is similar to a Salad Bowl, as every culture can find its position in American society. The immigrants may observe the shared culture of US while keeping their original identities.Chapter 13 Government System (P122)I. Choices(B) 2. The president of the United States exercises the ___________ power.A. legislativeB. executiveC. JudicialD. veto(A) 4. ___________ has the veto power in legislation in the United States.A. PresidentB. Vice-presidentC. Secretary of StateD. Speaker(B) 5. Congress can veto the President’s veto by a _____________ vote of the full membership of both houses.A. two-fifthsB. two-thirdsC. three-fourthsD. three-fifths(D) 6. Under the US Constitution, the President has the power to _________ without the consent of the Senate.A. appoint high officialsB. sign a treaty with other nationsC. declare war upon other nationsD. sign an executive agreement with other nations.(B) 7. The Constitution f the United States says that only _____________ can declare war upon other nations.A. the PresidentB. CongressC. Department of DefenseD. the national Security Council(B) 8. The department of __________ advises the President on foreign relations.A. DefenseB. stateC. CommerceD. Labor(C) 10. FBI and Federal Prisons are among the responsibilities of the Department of ________.A. stateB. DefenseC. JusticeD. Commerce(D) 13. The number of representatives from each state is fixed according to the size of__________ the State has.A. the territoryB. the economyC. the votersD. the population(B) 14. Representatives in the United Sates are elected _________________.A. annuallyB. every 2 yearsC. every 3 yearsD. every four years(C) 15. Impeachment of the President should be _______________.A. proposed by the Senate and decided on by the House.B. Proposed by the House and decided on by the Supreme CourtC. proposed by the House and decided on by the SenateD. proposed by the Senate and decided on the Supreme CourtII. Blank Filling1. The constitution of United States follows two principles: the federal system and the “separation of powers”.2. The constitution gives the executive power to the president alone.3. The Cabinet of the American government is made up of the heads of Departments.5. In the United States treaties signed by the President with other nations and officials appointed by him must be confirmed by the Senate.7. The Department of Sate is headed by the Sectary of State.IV. Translate the following into English1. Separation of powers 三权分立2. the National Security Council 国家安全理事会3.the Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局5.Congress 国会6.the United states information Agency 美国新闻总署7.the Supreme Court 最高法院Questions:12. What are the two principles followed by the constitution? Explain each.The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government while the separation of powers means the three branches of the federal government are independent of each other, but each checks the other two (checks and balances).ment on the relationship between the President and Congress.If the president vetoes the bill passed by the congress, his veto may be overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the Congress and the bill became the law.Chapter 14 State Government and Party Politics (P135)I. Choices1. ___________ is the most important part of a state government.A. The executiveB. The legislatureC. The JudicialD. The governor3. The chief executive of a state is the ______________.A. governorB. sheriffC. Supreme CourtD. council8. Two political parties emerged in the middle of the 19th century united States over the issue of __________.A. slaveryB. the ConstitutionC. admission of new statesD. the economic development11. The General Election in the United States is held every ___________ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 15 The Early Colonization (P145)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it.(C)1. Christopher Columbus was a(n) _ navigator .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. ItalianD. Spanish(A)2. The New World discovered by Columbus was named after .A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Marco Polo(B)3. The earliest British settlement on North America was .A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. QuebecD. St. Louis(B)4. The Puritans’ first settlement on North America was .A. JamestownB. PlymouthC. New OrleansD. Virginia(11) The Southern Colonies developed a __________ system with the exploitation of slave labor.A. industrialB. small farmC. plantationD. SlaveryIV. Translate the following into Chinese.1.American Indians 美洲印第安人2.Christopher Columbus 哥伦布5. Mayflower Compact 五月花公约6. Jamestown 詹姆士城7. New England 新英格兰10. self-governing colonies 自治殖民地Chapter 16 American Revolution (P155)I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it .(C)10. The Second Continental Congress was held in .A. New York CityB. BostonC. PhiladelphiaD. Valley Forge(B)11. Karl Marx called the Declaration of Independence .A. the first decision made by the Second Continental CongressB. the first declaration of the rights of the individualC. the first Bill of RightsD. the first Constitution of the United States(C) 13. The Constitutional Convention was held in in May 1787 .A. BostonB. New YorkC. PhiladelphiaD. Washington D. C.IV. Translate the following into Chinese.4.the Stamp Act 印花税法5.the Sugar Act 糖税法6.Boston Massacre 波士顿屠杀案7.Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件9.the Second Continental Congress 第二次大陆会议10.the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言12. Bill of Rights 人权法案Questions:14.Translate the main idea of the Declaration of Independence into Chinese? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。
《英美概况》谢福之 课后简答题及部分重点答案
《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及答案Chapter 1 geography people and language1.what is the full name of the U.K?A: the full name is the united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland.2.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink the scotch whisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and whatare they?A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English .4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 2 History1.What are the two components of the British parliament?A: they are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in almost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.3.What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.5.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.Chapter 3 government and the commonwealth1.What the three functions of the house of commons?A: the three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government policy.2.Why is the Conservative party sometimes called the “Right”?A: because the conservative party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3.What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’s constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4.Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it isnot possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.Chapter 4 economy1.What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment . in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2.What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.3.What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4.What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Britain?The popular tourist attractions in England include : The Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge , Windsor Castle, University towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London ,St.Paul’s cathedral and so on .Chapter 5 education ,media and holidays1.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4.How do the students in the open university receive their education?The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence ,video, and a network of study centers.5.What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.Chapter 6 literature1.What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s play and their representatives?Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays include Richard Ⅲ，HenryⅣand Cleopatra . His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello, King Lear , Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.2.What is critical Realism?critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early 50s of the 19th century .the critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint . the greatest English critical realist wasCharles Dickens .3.What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of 19th century?The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of 19th century are neo-romanticism and aestheticism. Those who belong to neo-romanticism laid emphasis on the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories, and those of aestheticism believed in “art for art’s sake”.4.What is stream of consciousness?stream of consciousness is the writing technique which puts the unorganized flow of thought on page . writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the characters’mental and emotional reactions to external events, rather than the events themselves. Chapter 7 society and cultureUSAChapter 8 geography and people1.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven . the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population . the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2.How is the life of the native Americans today ?About one third of all native Americans now live on reservations and the others live in cities.Poverty and unemployment are the major problems for them , especially on the reservations .3.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would lower wage levels and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history1.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c)negotiating the first strategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reaga n’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 10 government1.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and thepowers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident inthe state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S.citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret laws ;b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from statecourt cases that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional ; e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of politicalopinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern . they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion . they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.5.What is the content of president Wilson’s fourteen points?president Wilson’s fourteen points include: abandonment of secret international agreements;freedom of the sea; free trade between nations ; reduction of armaments ; adjustment of colonial claims in the interests of the inhabitants affected; self-rule for subjugated European nationalities ; and the establishment of an association of nations which guarantees the political independence and territorial integrity of all nations.Chapter 11 economy1.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable .northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.Chapter 12 education , media and holidays1.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university ; d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.Chapter 13 literature1.What is the essence of American Puritanism?American Puritanism stress predestination , original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement or the salvation of a selected few who would receive God’s grace.2.What themes are reflected in Theodore Dreiser’s works?Theodore Dreiser’s novels deal with everyday life, often its sordid side. Dreiser found that living in such a materialistic society, the human individual is obsessed with an endless and meaningless search for satisfaction of their desires . he embraced social Darwinism and advocated the idea of “the survival of the fittest”.3.What is the lost Generation?The lost Generation refer to the young American writers caught up in the world war I and cut off values yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization has gone mad .they produced works of disillusionment. Two of the most representative writers of the lost generation are Ernest Hemingway and F.Scott Fitzgerald.4.What is the Beat Movement?The Beat Movement began in the middle of the 1950s. the word “beat”suggests a non-conformist , rebellious attitude toward conventional values concerning sex. Religion and the America way of life , an attitude which results from the feeling of depression and exhaustion and the need to escape into an unconventional, communal mode of life. The representatives are Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.CanadaChapter 14 geography and history1.考试重点英国：1 、the rise and fall of the British empire.In 1583, the British empire built the first overseas colony to Newfoundland, marked the beginning of the British empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zea land, India and many small states in the west indies. By the end of 19th century, the British empire include a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before world war I, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However , Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two world wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of the Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.2.The major reasons of the Britain’s relative economic decline:Britain’s economic experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons:(1)Britain suffered great losses in the two world wars and had gone heavily into debts to finance the war.(2)the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence.(3)Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. (4)Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN security Council.(5)Britain failed to invest in industry after world war II whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.3. What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s play and their representatives?Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream(仲夏夜之梦), The Merchant of Venice(威尼斯商人), As You Like It (皆大欢喜)and Twelfth Night(第十二夜). His major historical plays include Richard Ⅲ(理查三世)，HenryⅣ（亨利四世）and Cleopatra(埃及艳后) . His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet（哈姆雷特）, Othello（奥赛罗）, King Lear（李尔王）, Macbeth（麦克白）and Romeo and Juliet（罗密欧与朱丽叶）.4.The industrial Revolution took root in Britain’s reasons:(1) the Britain had a huge market(2)from the colonies in America and India, England acquired enormous wealth with which to develop its industries.(3) the enclosure movement deprived many small landowners of their property(4)England experienced rapid economic development in the 18th century.美国1.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What are the ideals that guide the American education system?The first ideal is that as many as possible should receive as much education as possible. The second ideal is that producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education is governed by the state and local government, not by the national government. The third ideal is thatthe scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Teach the children how to learn and help them reach their maximum potential.3. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.加拿大1.The responsibilities of the Governor General : Including summon the House of Commons and the Senate, giving Royal Assent to all federal laws passed by the House, opening and ending sessions of Parliament before election.。
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1.___ of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history, in which William, the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his followers.
A. The Roman Conquest
B. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest
C. The Norman Conquest
D. The Celt Conquest
2.As a result of the Black Death，___________.
A. all land was left untended
B. no labor was required any longer
C. 1and owners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming
D. surviving peasants were not able to bargain about their wages
3. Which of the following statements about Elizabeth I (1558-1603) is true?
A. Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne.
B. Elizabeth remained single.
C. Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament.
D. Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.
4. The English Civil War is also called ___________ .
A. the Revolutionary War
B. the Puritan Revolution
C. the Reformation
D. the Renaissance
5. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The head of State is a king or a queen .In practice，___________.
A. Parliament rules the country
B. the Sovereign reigns but does not rule
C. the Sovereign rules but does not reign
D. the Prime Minister rules and reigns 6.In January,1973，Britain finally became a full member of the___________，which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.
A. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
B. Organization of European Development
C. European Economic Community
D. European Union
7. The major Christian festivals in Britain are___________ .
A. Christmas, Easter and Mother’s Day
B. Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday
C. Christmas，Guy Fawkes Day and St. Patrick’s Day
D. Christmas，Whit Sunday and St. George’s Day
8. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. At present there are ___________ countries within the Commonwealth (1991).
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60
II. True or False.
1. The Black Death caused a great shortage of labor, and so did the Enclosures.
2. Both the UK and Russia are members of the G7.
1。