新编大学英语Unit 2 Book 2 词汇语法

Unit 2 Book 2 Communication ProblemsGrammarIt is not to be taken as if it were factual information. (Line 22)as if 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。

具体用法如下：1. 谈论现在情形，动词用过去时。

a) Why is she looking at me as if she knew me? 她为什么那样看我？像是认识我似的。

b) He behaves as if he owned the house. 他表现出来的样子好像这个房子是属于他的。

2. 谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：1) 过去时，表示过去的状态，如：He stood there looking at me and laughing, as if to fool me was the best joke in the world.他站在那里，望着我哈哈大笑，好像愚弄我是天底下最开心的事儿似的。

Mr. Coleman always talked as if he knew everything. 科尔曼先生说话时总是一副无所不知的样子。

但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语, 则用过去完成时：They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们说话的样子仿佛是多年的朋友。

2）过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：It was as if he had lost his last friend. 他好像再没有朋友了。

“I remember,” she tells her children now, “how wild her white hair looked—as if it had been electrified.”她现在给她的孩子们说：“我还记得她那白色的头发有多么凌乱——好像过了电似的。

必须注意的是，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时。

She looks as if she had seen a ghost. 她好像是见了鬼似的。

He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself. 他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他去过那里似的。

如果as if 后面的从句所表示的情况是真实的或很可能是真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在 feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste 之后尤其如此。

He walks as if he is drunk. He walks as if he were drunk.第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第二句则表示“他没有醉”。

Words and expressions1.encounter( Line 1, Para. 1)vt.find oneself faced by (danger, difficulties, etc.), meet (an enemy or enemies); meet unexpectedly (a friend, etc.)遭遇（危险，困难）；遭逢（敌人）；邂逅（友人）e.g. Encountering difficulties in the process of pursuing success is quite normal.[Exercise] That Muslim ______________________________________ on his way to Mecca to make a pilgrimage.在前往麦加朝圣的路上，那位穆斯林意外地遇到了一位来自中国的老友。

2. assistance (Line 6, Para. 2)n. help; aid 帮助；援助e.g. Can I be of any assistance to you?[Exercise]Chinese government is prepared to ___________________ to that quake-stricken African country. （提供经济援助）The identity of world champion _____________________ Liu Guoliang to become one of the youngest head coaches of （有着很大的帮助）v. assiste.g.He is willing to assist those children from the single-parent families to go back to school.单词辨析 aid, assistance, helpaid 多指因处于困境或危难之时需要别人的帮助或援救。

assistance主要指在共同工作中对所属的部分工作做出贡献。

assistance 不一定都是在紧迫的情况下提供帮助。

help 的用法最为普遍，assistance 最为正式，aid 次之。

help 往往是出于同情而提供帮助。

e.g. He is willing to go to the aid of those ill-fated people.He has already given us a lot of help.e.g. 他已经给了我们很多的帮助。

3. conflict(Line 8, Para. 2)n. 1) fight; struggle; quarrel 战争；斗争；争执e.g. This is a serious dispute, and could lead to armed conflict.There is a growing conflict of interest between her position as a politician and her business activities.2) (of opinion, desires, etc.) opposition; difference （指意见，欲望等）相左；冲突；抵触[Translation] 他的陈述明显与其他证据相抵触。

_____________________________________________________vi. be in opposition or disagreement 相反，抵触，冲突e,g, Their account of the road accident conflicts with ours.4. emerge(Line 14, Para. 3)vi. 1) come into view; appear 出现；现出（与from连用）[Translation] 太阳从云后出现。

_______________________________________2) (of facts, ideas) appear; become known （指事实，意见）暴露；显出；出现e.g. That fact that he was just the murderer emerged from the interrogation.No new ideas emerged during the discussion.词义辨析appear与emerge这两个词都是不及物动词。

均可指人或事物的出现或显露，也可以指抽象概念，如思想观念的暴露，事实或问题的揭露等等。

emerge 后常接介词from。

有时表示经过调查、询问之后才使事实、思想或问题暴露出来；appear 在作系动词时，与seem用法相似，表示“看起来”、“显得”等意思，其后可接不定式、形容词或介词短语。

[Exercise] Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of “appear” and ”emerge”.1) That man _______ to be your partner but I’m investigating ifhe really is.2) Eventually the truth of the matter ________.3) A smile ________ on his face.4) Quite a few successful businessmen _________ from poorfamilies.5.assume(Line 14, Para. 3)vt. 1) believe something is true without definite proof假定, 假设, 臆想e.g American national basketball team is not as unconquerable as you assumed it to be.Let us first assume his statement to be believable.2) take up; undertake 担任；承担[Exercise]1) Her father ______________________ in that state-owned enterprise.（担任领导职务）2) You should ________________________ of what you have done.（承担所有的责任）词义辨析 assume, guess, imagine与suppose这几个词都表示对客观情况在未证实以前就做出主观的推断或提出自己的看法与设想。

suppose (vt.) 表示“想”、“认为”时，可以接从句或者复合宾语（补足语多为 to be, 其他情况多用不定式的完成时或进行时）。

e.g. 1) I suppose (that) we’ll meet him at that hotel. 我想我们将在那家酒店见他。

2) Few people supposed that young man (to be) innocent. 没多少人认为那个年轻人是清白的。

3) His brother was supposed to have already left for England. 大家以为他的弟弟已经动身去了英格兰。

suppose 的设想还有某些根据，而guess (vt./vi.)则有随意性，只是随便的猜测，其后也可接从句。