13 长句的翻译
Lesson 13 长句的翻译
Step4. Entering on a tentative translation of each sentence division:
1 影响矿石质量的不是别的东西而是矿石中天然固有的杂 质。 2 这些矿石的形成是由于地壳变迁运动，火山爆发， 沉积 作用，冰川作用和风化作用等造成的结果。 3 在上述地质变化的作用下，生成了火成岩，火山杂岩， 水成岩和沉积岩等。 4 上述岩石中有些处于共生状态，这是自然界没有纯净矿 石的主要原因。 5 人们之所以需要分离技术与器械——即选矿装置与设备， 人们之所以需要分离技术与器械——即选矿装置与设备， 其原因就在于此。 6 迄今为止，分离技术和器械尚不足以适应冶金工业的需 要，科学家们力图利用激光分离机把冶金工业提高到一个 新水平。
Step1. Presenting the long sentence in a skeleton form by grasping the major structure of the long sentence.
It is nothing else than impurities… that seriously affect the quality of …, which is formed as…, under the action of which… rocks etc., come into being…, some of which exist in…, wherein lies the reason for the need of …, (which have been) so far impotent to meet the requirements of …
Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcination (煅烧) of limestone widely present in (煅烧 煅烧) nature. 分别将water，coal， lime提出来放在第一句 提出来放在第一句， 分别将water，coal，和lime提出来放在第一句，然后 将全句切分为3 煤和石灰制成的。 将全句切分为3句：①塑料是由水﹑煤和石灰制成的。 水是取之不尽到处可以获得的天然资源； ②水是取之不尽到处可以获得的天然资源； ③煤是 用自动化和机械化的方法开采的，成本较低； 用自动化和机械化的方法开采的，成本较低；④石 灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。 灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。
长句翻译练习
长句翻译练习2016-12-131. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.2. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.3. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social sicence historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.4. In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.5. Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.6. Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.7. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problem, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.8. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.9. Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts - and reveal its erroneous nature.10. Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.。
英语长句的翻译技巧
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子，很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技，希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如：例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。
日语长句总结
长句翻译要点1、主语过长主语过长时，采取倒序的方式，最后对主语进行说明。
原文：９月は主要20か国・地域(G20)首脳会議と国連総会、10月にはアジア太平洋経済協力会議(APEC)首脳会議など、両国首脳が出席する国際会議が多い。
译文：两国首脑共同出席的会议很多，9月份主要有20国集团（G20）峰会和联合国大会，10月份有亚太经合组织（APEC）首脑会议等。
2、谓语过长谓语过长时，将其分成几个短句分别列出。
原文：この日の除幕式には数百人が集まり、ブロンズ像から紫のベールが取り払われると、花を手向けたり記念撮影したりする韓国系の人々が列をなした。
译文：当天有几百人参加了在洛杉矶近郊格伦代尔市举行的揭幕仪式，在揭下覆盖在铜像上的紫色薄纱后，很多美籍韩国人纷纷排队献花、合影留念。
3、宾语或表语过长宾语或表语过长时，翻译成中文时以并列句的方式表达。
原文：中国がかかわった21件の内訳は、「北朝鮮による大量破壊兵器や弾道ミサイル関連武器の輸出入」2件、「武器の輸出入」6件、「北朝鮮によるぜいたく品の輸入」13件だった。
译文：涉及到中国的21件案例中具体包括：2件“朝鲜进出口大规模杀伤性武器及弹道导弹相关物资”案例、6件“进出口武器”案例、13件“朝鲜进口奢侈品”案例。
4、连体修饰语过长日语中连体修饰语过长，翻译成中文时，先找出主干，在进行修饰语翻译。
原文：国連安全保障理事会の北朝鮮制裁決議の履行状況を監視する専門家パネル(委員団)で、北朝鮮との武器やぜいたく品の取引を巡って決議違反の疑いを具体的に指摘している計38件のうち、21件に中国が関与していることがわかった。
译文：对联合国安理会朝鲜制裁决议履行状况进行监督的专家委员会指出，在与朝鲜进行的武器和奢侈品交易中，违反决议的案例达38件，其中有21件同中国有关。
5、连用修饰语过长日语中连用修饰语过长，翻译成中文时将其变成状语调整语序后插入句子中。
原文：融資の多くは08年のリーマン・ショック後、地方政府が経済成長を保つための景気刺激策として公共工事などを増やした際に積み上がったとされる。
长句的翻译
长句的翻译一、原序翻译1.请你方考虑，今后货物一经订妥，就不可撤销，我们认为，这样才有助于更好地合作。
We should like to have your consideration that, in the future, orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards, which we think will be conducive to better cooperation.2.上海针织公司由37个企业组成，生产规模大，且拥有众多的名牌产品，如“菊花牌”、“鹅牌”和“三枪牌”，公司每年的销售额高达13亿人民币。
Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale; with several well –known local brands such as “Chrysanthemum ”, “Swan” and “Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.二、分译1)汉语长句中若有反问句、反诘句或感叹句，英译时往往要分译。
1.盛夏炎热，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!2.延安虽然还没有战争，但军队天天在前方打仗，后方也唤工作忙，文章太长，有谁来看呢？Although there is as yet no fighting here in Yen’an, our troops are daily engaged in battle, and the people in the rear are busy at work. If articles are too long, who will read them?2)汉语长句中若有比方句，英译时往往要分译。
长句翻译中英对照
1、Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。
英语长句翻译
1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。
2。
It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e—mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime。
That is，the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet。
由于因特网的使用,计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。
长句的翻译
6.Without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and --until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself --- an amazing ability to size up people and situations, there would never have been a Third Reich Without Adolf Hitler, there would never have been a Third Reich He was possessed of demonic personality, granite will, uncanny instincts, remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and amazing ability to size up people and situations until the end, when drunk with power and success, he overestimated himself
没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国 他拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般坚强的意志， 不可思议的本领，非凡的智力，深远的想象 力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地 没有阿道夫 希特勒，就绝不会有第三帝国的 存在。希特勒拥有恶魔般的性格，花岗岩般 坚强的意志，不可思议的本领，非凡的智力， 深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。 直到最后，他被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑，过 高的估计了自己，最终一败涂地
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Television of one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed, and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe. 电视是激发感情、传递感情的一种方式。 在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视在最 近的欧洲事件中起的作用之大，前所未 有。
Practice
Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed, and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe.
and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe. and perhaps it has never served so much before to connect different peoples and nations as in recent events in Europe. 在联系不同民族和国家方面，或许电视以前从未 像在最近的欧洲事件中一样，起过这么大的作用。 在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视在最近的欧洲 事件中起的作用之大，前所未有。
逆序法
英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全 相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。 It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
这次会议在11月10日结束
④Vietnam’s overall growth will depend more on its
own policies than on the volume of external financing 越南经济的全面增长将主要取决于本国政策，而 不是外来资金数额
①一份世界银行的报告……坚持认为 ②在这次会议上公布了一份世界银行报告 ③这次会议在11月10日结束 ④越南经济的全面增长将主要取决于本国政策，而不是外来资金
Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡 时，电仍在为我们工作： 帮我们运转电冰 箱;帮我们加热水;帮我们调节室内温度。
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为 他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这 个问题显得越来越重要了。
Practice
Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. 假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛 羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。
Simple, Compound or Complex?
Television of one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed
电视是一种方式，通过这种方式，这些感 情被创造和传递？ 电视是创造和传递感情的一种方式？ 电视是激发和传递感情的一种方式。 电视是激发感情、（将英语长句的“大树”解构）
2. 条分缕析，理清关系（将长句中的各从句理清关系）
3. 确定单位，各个击破（忠实原句，准确理解各从句 的含义） 4. 调整搭配，重新组合（将各部分重构成“竹子”）
5. 核对原句，润饰原句（译成通顺的汉语）
A world Bank report released at the time of the conference, which ended on 10 November, insists that Vietnam’s overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing. Complex Sentence 主干：A world Bank report… insists that… 分支： a. A world Bank report was released at the time of the conference. b. The conference ended on 10 November. c. Vietnam’s overall growth will depend more on its own policies than on the volume of external financing
分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共 有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: A. ……变的越来越重要; B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会; C. 得为他们提供大量更为 详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 翻译成:
Methods
Keeping the order of the ST （顺序法）
Reversing the order （逆序法） Splitting （分译法）
Recasting （综合法）
顺序法
当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致 时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。 Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以 及位于句首的 时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B. 电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们运转电冰箱; D. 帮我 们加热水; E. 帮我们调节室内温度。上述五层意思 的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:
分句法
有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语化 成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语 Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. 分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓 语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构 上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义, 因此在翻译时, 可以 采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分 句, 结果为: 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新 动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐 性的节目。
Practice
1. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. 如果做父母的对这种青春期反应有所准备, 而且 意识到这意味着孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观 察力和独立的判断力, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 也 就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对 立面去。
①A world Bank report… insists that…
一份世界银行的报告……坚持认为