国际商务环境 International Business Environment Ex-Im & Countertrade Ch. 13

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国际商务环境与运作英文版第十三版课程设计) (2)

国际商务环境与运作英文版第十三版课程设计课程介绍
本课程是一门介绍国际商务环境和运作的课程，重点介绍国际商务的各个方面，包括国际商务的环境、管理和战略等方面。

学习目标
通过学习本课程，学生能够：
•了解国际商务的基本概念和定义
•了解国际贸易的各种形式和参与主体
•了解国际商务运作的各个环节和相关知识
•掌握国际商务管理和战略的相关技能和知识
教学大纲
本课程的教学大纲如下：
第一单元：国际商务环境
1.国际商务的基本概念和定义
2.国际贸易的各种形式和参与主体
3.全球化和贸易自由化的趋势和影响
4.国际商务环境中的政治、法律、文化和经济因素
第二单元：国际商务运作
1.国际商务运作的基本流程和各个环节
2.国际物流和供应链管理
3.国际贸易谈判和协议
4.国际支付和金融风险管理
第三单元：国际商务管理和战略
1.国际市场营销和品牌管理
2.跨文化管理和跨文化沟通
3.国际人力资源管理和组织文化
4.国际业务扩张和战略规划
教学方法
本课程采用多种教学方法，包括授课、案例分析、小组讨论、网上模拟演练等，旨在提高学生的实际操作能力和知识水平。

教学评价
本课程的评价方式包括日常考勤、课堂表现、小组讨论、作业和考试等，旨在
评价学生的学习能力、实践能力和知识水平。

参考教材
本课程的主要教材为国际商务环境与运作英文版第十三版，作者为Daniel P. Sullivan和Salvatore T. March。

附加教材包括相关案例和演练材料等。

国际商务-第三讲国际商务环境

强调制度、奖惩和知识的权威；社会问题的根源在社会制度，改革的关键是重新分配权力掌权者和无权者之间根本上是和谐的
强调权威的重要性、认同性；社会问题的根源在于不法分子和愚民，改革社会的关键是撤换掌权人掌权者和无权者之间潜伏着根本冲突
环境分析——文化与社会因素
2、个人与群体关系
个人主义和集体主义：个人主义将每个人都视为独一无二的，人们对自己的评价主要依据自己的成就、地位以及其他特征。集体主义则主要依据人们所属的群体加以评价。
这样特殊的经济形式意味着莫斯科市政当局作为政府代表成为麦当劳合伙人。
一直到1988年，才签订正式协议。
苏联入侵阿富汗，引起西方拒绝参加莫斯科奥运会，冷战加剧使麦当劳与市政当局的协议签订延迟。
麦当劳在俄罗斯的经历
麦当劳与莫斯科市政当局的合资企业遭遇：企业被迫遭受各部门的监管。
需求1：“我们需要更多建筑石料”。 ——回答：“很抱歉，你们不在我们五年计划之中。”
案例分析2 在一家著名美国公司——辉瑞制药的瑞典分公司中，美国式领导风格就很不受欢迎。因为美国人是进攻性的、强势的和直截了当的，而北欧的文化是很柔和的、委婉的，重视家庭的关怀、员工的关怀、社会的责任感等等。结果瑞典员工感到很不愉快，工作也受到影响。于是辉瑞不得不改变领导方式，更换了一些经理，甚至派了一些女性的经理到瑞典来帮助改善管理。
一切都是相对的相信通才、常识权威是为公民服务的渴求成功，愿冒风险离经叛道也不可怕，可以容忍民族主义色彩较浓容忍不同意见冲突竞争有益，只要规则公平
环境分析——文化与社会因素
4、男性化倾向
男性化是指在社会中占统治地位的价值是成功、金钱和事业。女性化是指在社会中占统治地位的价值是关心他人和生活质量。

国际商务环境 International Business Environment Political Economies Ch. 2

goals Emphasis: “good of society”, “common good” Plato,427-347 BC, to Socialists, Marx, 1818 - 83 Communists-revolution, Social Democrats-democratic outlook
Totalitarianism: One person/party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life
– Communist totalitarianism (PRC, Vietnam, Laos, N.
Korea,Cuba) – Theocratic totalitarianism (Iran, S. Arabia) – Tribal totalitarianism (Zimbabwe, Tanzania) – Right wing totalitarianism

Legal Systems and International Business
Property rights
use of a resource use made of income from resource enforcement issues Public vs private action violations
High corruption levels
Public Action and Corruption

US foreign corrupt practices act:
– illegal for US managers to bribe government
officials

国际商务环境 International Business Environment Production, Outsourcing & Logistics Ch. 14

Quality and Cost Management
TQM: technique to improve products and services quality Six Sigma: Statistically based cost cutting system
– Reduces defects, boosts productivity, eliminates
Logistics:
– controls physical transmission of materials
through the value chain
Production and logistics decisions
– Lower costs of value creation – Add value through better attention to customer
Other Issues
Strategic alliances with suppliers Just-in-time inventory system management The role of information technology The role of the internet
through the supply chain suppliers –> customers
Relationship Between Quality and Costs
Quality …
Increases Productivity Improves Performance Reliability Lowers Rework and Scrap Costs Lowers Warranty Costs Lowers Manufacturing Costs Lowers Service Costs Increases Profits

国际商务的环境InternationalBusinessEnvironmentRegionalEconomicDevelopmentCh.8

3. May need fiscal transfers from prosperous to depressed regions
3.Economic and political issues may conflict
Early Experience of the Euro (€)
➢ Volatile trading history
Remove all frontier controls Principle of mutual recognition to product standards Open public procurement to non-national suppliers Lift barriers of competition to banks and insurance Remove restrictions on foreign exchange transactions Abolish restriction on cabotage (trucking)
➢ 1973 1st enlargement: Britain, Ireland, Denmark
European Union
➢ 1981 2nd enlargement: Greece ➢ 1983 3rd enlargement: Portugal, Spain ➢ 1992 single European act
➢ Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation – USA, Japan, China + 15 Pacific nations
NAFTA
➢ USA, Canada, Mexico (FTA-1988)
– USA-Canada is world’s largest trading relationship

国际商务环境 International Business Environment HRM Ch.16

Expatriate Success Predictors
Self-orientation
– Strengthen self-esteem, self-confidence, mental well-being – Adapt to food, music, sport, outside interests – Superior technical competency
Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management
Different approaches to staffing policy Foreign postings
– Why do managers fail? – How can they increase their chances of
Japanese MNCs
1. Manager cannot cope with broader responsibility 2. 3. 4. 5.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
overseas Manager cannot adjust culturally Manager’s lack of personal or emotional maturity Lack of technical competence Spouse cannot adjust culturally
Polycentric Multidomestic • key overseas positions staffed by local managers Geocentric Global and Transnational • best for job gets it
Expatriate Managers Failure Rates

《国际商务环境》课程简介

《国际商务环境》课程简介课程名称：国际商务环境英文名称：International Business Environment总学时（含授课学时和实验学时）：18先修课程：《国际贸易理论与实务》、《外贸函电》、《商务英语谈判》、……。

内容简介：《国际商务环境》能够为从事国际商务活动的人士提供具有实用价值的商务环境指南，其内容涵盖了国际商务活动所面临的最重要的环境因素。

具体内容包括对国际商务活动的基本概念和特点的概述以及国际商务企业活动中的各种环境，具体为：国际商务所面临的政治环境；国际商务所面临的经济环境；国际商务所面临的文化环境；国际商务所面临的社会环境；国际商务所面临的法律环境；国际商务所面临的伦理环境；国际商务所面临的技术环境以及贸易环境、投资环境、金融环境。

通过对著名企业的案例分析，剖析了国际商务竞争方法、基本原理和竞争奥秘，分析了掌握国际商务的运作办法，包括通过国际化创造财富、进行竞争的商务要素、国际商务市场竞争中经常采取的竞争模式以及竞争优势的来源和企业在国际市场竞争中经常采取的商务手段等。

最后阐述了国际全球化对国际商务环境的影响，以及环境的变化对国际商务人员的挑战。

通过学习本课程，可以了解国际大范围内的资源整合，把握国际市场的巨大机会，了解并进一步掌握国际游戏规则的形成与制定过程。

适用专业及层次：高等学校经济管理类和商务英语专业高年级学生选修专业课。

考核方式：考试选用教材：窦卫霖《国际商务环境(英文版)》为对外经济贸易大学出版社,2009参考书目：1.齐绍洲，刘威，亢梅玲，《国际商务环境》，武汉大学出版社，20082.约翰D. 丹尼尔斯，《国际商务环境与运作》，机械工业出版社，20083.杨言洪，《国际商务环境研究》，对外经济贸易大学出版社。

国际商务双语知识点总结

国际商务双语知识点总结一、国际商务的定义国际商务是指在国际范围内进行的商业活动，包括跨国贸易、国际投资、跨国合作等多方面内容。

国际商务在全球化背景下愈加重要，对国际企业的经营和管理提出了新的挑战。

通过国际商务，企业可以拓展市场，获取资源，增加收入，提升竞争力，促进经济发展。

International Business SummaryI. Definition of International BusinessInternational business refers to commercial activities carried out on the international level, including cross-border trade, international investment, and multinational cooperation. International business is becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization, posing new challenges for the operation and management of international enterprises. Through international business, companies can expand their markets, acquire resources, increase revenue, and enhance competitiveness, promoting economic development.二、国际商务环境与市场1. 国际商务环境国际商务环境包括政治、经济、文化、法律等因素。

政治稳定、经济状况、文化差异和法律制度都会影响国际商务的运作。

2. 国际商务市场各国市场的规模、结构、需求以及消费习惯存在差异，了解不同国家的市场特点对于开展国际商务至关重要。

国际商务的环境Introduction to the course共16页

understand how we learn the course
Syllabus
Course description Course Objectives Textbooks Course Methodology Instructor’s expectation for class Performance Evaluation
presentation (20%) final paper (70%) Total: 100%
Reference websites
The Edge: the E-Journal of Intercultural Relations website: hart-li
Chinese Communication Association Forum website:
This course aims to provide some basic concepts of business environment. Topics will include political, economic, cultural and social, legal and ethical, and technological environment facing and affecting international business.
To point out that international business firms face different types of problems and opportunities in each of those economic groups and to show how such firms have reached to those problems and opportunities.

国际商务环境 International Business Environment Ethics Ch4

Straw men: often adopted, offer inappropriate guidelines for MNC behavior
– Friedman doctrine – Righteous moralist – Naïve immoralist
Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics Rights theories Justice theories
Ethical Decision Making
Hiring and promotion Organization culture and leadership Decision-making processes
– Stakeholder perspectives
Ethics officers
– Codes of ethics
Ethics in International Business
Ethics in Internatioe of ethical challenges in IB – Effect of ethical challenges on decisions in IB – Causes of poor ethical decisions in IB – Different conceptual underpinnings for
Human Rights
A manager can assume as universal her/his views on freedom of:
– – – – –
Association Speech Assembly Movement Political repression
What is the responsibility of an MNC to uphold different standards of human rights?

国际商务环境 International Business Environment Political Economy of Trade Ch. 6

Tariffs
Taxes levied on imports (also sometimes on exports)
– Specific tariff: fixed charge for each good imported – Ad valorem tariff: a % of imported goods value
Instruments of Trade Policy
Tariffs Subsidies Import quotas Voluntary export restraints Local content requirements Administrative policies Anti-dumping policies
– – – –
125 countries by 1994 small staff in Geneva tariffs fm 40% in ‘47 to 3% in ‘95 trade 15x to $6.75 trillion in ‘92
WTO superceded GATT in 1995
GATT/WTO
Services given prominence: developed set of principles Intellectual Property Rights protected further: patents, copyrights, trademarks, brand names WTO created: to implement Uruguay round, controversial
Administrative policies
– Bureaucratic rules that make it difficult

国际商务环境课件1

A
Expanding sales
B
Acquiring resources
C
Minimizing risks
BHP Billiton (必和必拓) expanded its business to the food & agriculture industry. What's the purpose？
A
Expanding sales
B
Acquiring resources
C
Minimizing risks
However, globalization is less pervasive than you might think in most parts of the world.
In rural Africa, Asia and Latin America, many people still don't have enough resources to connect to the global market.
Least globalized Iran, India
Mainland China 51/72
United States 1/72 in technology, 71/72 in economics
What drives globalization?
Increase in and expansion of technology Liberalization of cross-border trade and resource movements
Concentration
Paul Krugman 2008 Nobel prize winner

国际商务环境 International Business Environment Culture Ch 3

Cultural Appreciation
Values Customs Aspects of culture Symbols
Languபைடு நூலகம்ge
What is Culture?
Culture: a society’s (group’s) system of shared, learned values and norms; these are the society’s (group’s) design for living
Folkways: norms of little moral significance
dress code; table manners; timeliness
Mores: norms central to functioning of social life
– bring serious retribution: thievery, adultery, alcohol
National Culture
“Nation” is a useful:
– Definition of society
similarity among people a cause -- and effect -- of national boundaries
– Way to bound and measure culture for conduct of
Cultural Diversity
Customs are norms and expectations about the way people do things in a specific country. Why were 3M executives perplexed concerning lukewarm sales of ScotchBrite floor cleaner in the Philippines?

国际商务环境 International Business Environment Forex Ch. 9

– Assumptions:
Competitive markets No transportation costs; no trade barriers
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP):
– If the law of one price holds for all goods / services, the
Prices and Exchange Rates
The law of one price:
– Identical products sold in different countries must sell
for one price if their price is expressed in one currency
The Foreign Exchange Market
Minimizes foreign exchange risk (unpredictable rate swings) To do so there are different ways to trade currencies
– Spot exchange rates: the day’s rate offered by a
Countertrade
– Barter agreements by which goods and services can
be traded for other goods and services – Used to get around the non-convertibility of currencies
Currency conversion in the foreign exchange market

国际商务环境

中国的通货膨胀率及政府负债率
中国通货膨率的变化趋势
中国政府负债率的变化趋势
通货膨胀率是指物价平均水平的上升幅度;表了货币购买力的下降程度; 可以体现国家经济发展的稳定性。对于国际企业来说，一国的通货膨胀率影响了在该国进行商业活动的成本，中国曾在改革开放初期有过较高的通货膨胀率，随着经济发展的逐渐稳定，中国的通货膨胀率逐渐下降且趋于平缓。最新的数据显示，中国的通货膨胀率的世界排名为第126位，属于较低通胀率国家
根据中国美国商会与贝恩公司联合发布的2018中国商务环境调查报告显示;有 52%的受访企业任然认为，相比世界其他地区，在知识产权泄露及信息技术和数据安全方面，企业在中国面临更大的风险
同时该报告还指出;中国知识产权最大的问题是中国知识产权保护法律法规不够完善以及企业难以想法院或行政机关诉讼知识产权侵权行为
在中国的周边国家中;并没有经济特别发达的国家，但在中国的主导下，从东欧到东亚共 66个国家及独联体共建了一带一路经济带，为中国的经济发展提供了源源不断的动力;
中国常规能源的资源品种齐全且矿产种类多分布广、储量大;是大部分矿产资源能够自给的少数国家之一
10
国际商务环境
International Business Environment
中国知识产权保护现状
中国的知识产权意识一直以来都是较为薄弱的;但中国政府正在尝试做出改变; 2008年中国政府颁布了国家知识产权战略纲要的通知，随后又陆续出台了《商标法》《专利法》、《技术合同法》、《著作权法》和《反不正当竞争法》等法律法规文件。从宏观层面上讲，中国已经在法律制度层面为企业知识产权权益的保护提供了较强的法律依据，为企业在制定知识产权保护制度及具体实施方法指明了方向，但是目前还缺乏侵权案件的单独法律法规详细文件。