加强高三英语写作指导的针对性和有效性 华附资料

以阅读为主线—09高考英语备考策略之我见华师附中梁厚富以阅读为主线。

What? Why? How?●强化教师的指导作用●有效指导和做题训练相结合●针对学生核心能力的提升一、教师的指导：●以阅读指导为重点●以阅读训练为突破口●以阅读渗透语法应用、词语复习、书面表达等内容的指导二、设立两种课型：The Skills focused lessonThe Guided Reading lesson三、The Skills focused lessonI.Basic Reading Skills:1.Find the facts in what they read.2.Find the main idea.3.Determine the meaning of words from context.4.Distinguish between fact and opinion.II.Skills on recognizing words that connect ideas1.Pronouns as Connectors2.Synonyms & summary words3.Transition Words and Phrases as ConnectorsIII.Skills on recognizing Patterns of Organization1.Listing2.Sequenceparison/Contrast4.Cause/Effect5.Problem/Solution6.Extended DefinitionIV.Skills on Language and Style1.Understanding Point of View2.Paying attention to Word Choice3.Recognizing Style4.Recognizing Tone四、The Guided Reading lesson1.精选材料，具体阅读方法指导2.读懂读透，不满足于做对题目3.启发学生发现平时读不出或易于忽略的东西4.渗透语法应用、词语复习、书面表达等内容的指导附：举例用材料Practice in Identifying Topic Sentences：1. Finally, there is a guard on duty 24 hours a day.2. Some police offer duties, like writing reports, have no risk at all.3. For example, there is a pool on the top floor.4. Not all police duties are dangerous.5. Others, like traffic duty, put police officers at very little risk.6. Tenants of the luxury apartment building enjoy many services.7. Still other duties, like investigating accidents, leave officers free of danger.8. In addition, the lobby has a dry cleaner, an ATM machine, and a coffee shop.1.Not all police duties are dangerous. Some duties, like writing reports, haveno risk at all. Others, like traffic duty, offer very little risk. Still other duties, like investigating accidents, leave officers free of danger.2.Tenants of the luxury apartment building enjoy many services. Forexample, there is a pool on the top floor. In addition, the lobby has a dry cleaner, an ATM machine, and a coffee shop. Finally, there is a concierge on duty 24 hours a day.Skills on recognizing Patterns of Organization1 Recognizing listing：Key words/phrases in the main idea:many, several, a number of, a variety of, a few, kinds ofSignal words/phrases:for example, for instance, first, second, another, also, besides, in addition, final, last, most important.2 Recognizing SequenceKey words/phrases in the main idea:began, account, story, process, history, sequence.Signal words/phrases:first, second, then, next, after, while, since, then, soon, finally, at last, in 1965, last June, later, over time, the next step, the following week.3 Recognizing Comparison/ContrastKey words/phrases in the main idea:similarities, differences, both, in common, same, different, compare, comparison. Signal words/phrases for similarities:similarly, also, in the same way, as, like, both, in common.Signal words/phrases for differences:however, but, on the other hand, although, while, in contrast, than, yet, unlike4 Cause/EffectKey words/phrases in the main idea and the signal words for details are thesame:causes, leads to, is the cause of , results in, creates, brings about, makes, produces, gives rise to, contributes to, is due to, is the result of, comes from, results from, is a consequence of, follows, is caused by.5 Problem/SolutionKey words/phrases in the main idea: situation, trouble, crisis, dilemma or issue.In the body of the paragraph, key words include: solve, solution.6 Extended DefinitionKey words/phrases in the main idea: consists of, is, seems to be, are.07完形：Wouldn't it be great if we didn't have to remember passwords (密码) ever again？If we could just sit in front of our computers and be 21 logged in (登录)？Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows, rather than using a 22 . All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to 23 your PC. No more 24 , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.After doing a little research, I found this type of 25 already available to consumers via a relatively 26 application called FaceCode. The 27 requires the use of a webcam to recognize and log PC users into their systems. You can add as many 28 as you want, provided they each have a Windows account. If the system 29 to recognize your 30 , you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a hot-key combination.08完形：07完形选项：21. A. automatically B. personally C. correctly D. occasionally22. A. face B. password C. software D. system23. A. access B. connect C. recognize D. remember24. A. simple B. complicated C. special D. useful25. A. computer B. technology C. password D. application26. A. independent B. infrequent C. inexpensive D. instant27. A. account B. consumer C. designer D. software28. A. users B. passwords C. systems D. computers29. A. begins B. tries C. fails D. stops30. A. account B. name C. password D. face08完形选项：21. A. babies B. believers C. fairies D. supermen22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small24. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable25. A. feared B. predicted C. heard D. reported26. A. covered B. changed C. replaced D. terrified27. A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods28. A. missed B. stolen C. found D. lost29. A. little B. pale C. sad D. real30. A. seize B. burn C. place D. hold语法填空与篇章阅读举例：1.When all her friends were applying for college admission, my sister wentjob-hunting.2.Thus, her grades weren't the reason.3.You know, she may never go to college, and I guess that's OK.4.My sister has never wanted to go to college.5.She did so well that she had many offers.6.When she was in high school, she was always a good student.7.She accepted one of them and has been happy ever since.My sister has never wanted to go to college. When _1_ was in high school, she was always a good student._2_, her grades weren't the reason. When all her friends were applying _3__ college admission, my sister went _4__ (job-hunt).She _5_ so well that she had many offers. She accepted _6_ of them and has been happy ever _7_. You know, she may _8_ go to college, and I guess that's OK. Compare and contrast例文Two of the best films ever made are Star Wars and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. I’ve seen both movies at least a dozen times, and as soon as Crouching Tiger comes out on video, you can be sure it will be in my collection. While I always will be a loyal Star Wars fan, I do have to say that Crouching Tiger is an even better film.Both films feature warriors with special powers. In Star Wars, Luke Skywalker, a Jedi knight, has “the force”—a special energy that he can channel to help him overcome evil. Similarly, in Crouching Tiger, Li Mu Bai, Yu Shu Lien, and Jen all have special powers that they’ve developed through rigorous martial arts training. But the characters in Star Wars rely heavily on automatic weapons. The warriors in Crouching Tiger, in contrast, do all of their fighting with “old-fashioned” weapons such as swords and the most old-fashioned weapon of all—their bodies. What they’re able to do with their bodies is much more impressive than anything Luke Skywalker can do with his light saber.More importantly, Crouching Tiger gives equal treatment to both sexes. In Star Wars, though Princess Leia can (and does) fight, she still relies mostly on the men to fight and save her. In Crouching Tiger, however, the female warriors are every bit as strong as the male warriors and do all of the fighting on their own. Shu Lien, Jen, and another woman, Jade Fox, actually do most of the fighting in the movie and defeat many men throughout the film.The best thing about Crouching Tiger, though, is the story of Jen. While Star Wars is a great story about good forces against evil forces, Crouching Tiger is a great story about a personal rebellion that all young people can relate to. Jen rebels against the society that is going to force her to marry. Who wants to be told whom to love? She rejects being forced into this relationship and runs off. She doesn’t know how to handle her strength, though, and is so independent that she even rejects the chance to be Mu Bai’s student. Under his guidance, Jen could have become an even greater warrior. But Jen is too independent, and she unintentionally helps to bring about Mu Bai’s death and her own. Jen’s story shows us that we have a right to determine the course of our lives, but that we also need the guidance of our elders.Point of view例文:Welcome to The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University! Inaddition to a provincially recognized teaching staff, The Affiliated High alsooffers you many extracurricular activities to enhance your learning experience.You might want to join the English Club, the Math Team, or the StudentVolunteer Association. Please read the attached description of student clubs and activities and let us, in Student Services, know if you have any questions. Club Day will be held on Thursday, September 19.Welcome to The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University! In addition to a provincially recognized teaching staff, The Affiliated High also offers students many extracurricular activi ties to enhance the students’ learning experiences. Students can join the English Club, the Math Team, or the Student Volunteer Association. Please read the attached description of student clubs and activities. Any questions should be addressed to Student Services. Club Day will be held on Thursday, September 19.Word Choice例文:As a student, Li usually completes her work on time and checks it carefully. She speaks English well and is learning to speak with less of a Chinese accent. She has often been a big help to other students who are just beginning to learn the language.高考阅读例文：2008AParents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,”says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’side,”explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _________.A. interestB. distanceC. differenceD. separation42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities.C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.D. Parents share more interests with their children.43. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is _________.A. more confusion among parentsB. new equality between parents and childrenC.1ess respect for parents from childrenD. more strictness and authority on the part of parents44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents _________.A. follow the trend of the changeB. can set a limit to the changeC. fail to take the change seriouslyD. have little difficulty adjusting to the change45. The purpose of the passage is to _________.A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met withB. discuss the development of the parent—child relationshipC. suggest the ways to handle the parent—child relationshipD. compare today’s parent—child relationship with that in the pastBSometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll upyour sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _________.A. dare to challenge yourselfB. feel it hard to change yourselfC. are unconfident about yourselfD. have a high opinion of yourself47. According to the passage, our serf-images _________.A. have positive effectsB. are probably untrueC. are often changeableD. have different functions48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage?A. To keep a different image of others.B. To make your life successful.C. To understand your own world.D. To change the way you think.49. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to prepare for your success.B. How to face challenges in your life.C. How to build a positive self-image.D. How to develop your good qualities.50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. Parents.B. Adolescents.C. Educators.D. People in general.CNapoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’He is said to be “undersized,’’with”short legs’’and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description—it seems not that far off from historical accounts—but his choice of facts: other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar (沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon“walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently….”To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect anyone but himself, Napoleon.Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _________.A. far from the historical factsB. based on the Russian historyC. based on his selection of factsD. not related to historical details52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because_________.A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace termsB. the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to acceptC. the Russians stopped his military movementD. he didn’t have any more army to fight with53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?A. To walk out of the room in anger.B. To show agreement with him.C. To say something about the Tsar.D. To express his admiration.54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________.A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guestsB. fond of showing off his iron willC. determined in destroying all of EuropeD. crazy for power and respect55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.2007AHow should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. “The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound. It has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without its permission, and it fastens its younground people’s wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves.”Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour-glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?41. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks____.A. can hardly keep the value of your savingsB. will cost much of your savingsC. may increase your wealthD. needs your bravery42. By quoting (引用) the remark of a being from another planet, the author intendsto____.A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clockB. describe why clocks can rule the planet EarthC. tell readers what clocks look likeD. compare chicks to human beings43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?A. Counting the beating of one’s own heart.B. Making use of candles, sand and water.C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.44. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means ______.A. state-owned housesB. houses in very good conditionC. grand houses open to the publicD. houses where statesmen meet regularly45. The purpose of the passage is ______.A. to introduce the culture of antique clocksB. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocksC. to compare different ways to make a future profitD. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling timeBDo you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness,and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk’s mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?In the first cas e, where we don’t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk’s attention causes diff erent things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it’s easy to think and act honorably again when we’re happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it’s started, it’s easy t o continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.46. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to ourA. self-respectB. financial rewardsC. advertising abilityD. friendly relationship47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to___.A. lyingB. stealingC. cheatingD. advertising48. The phrase “bringing the error to the clerk’s attention” (in para. 5) means___.A. telling the truth to the clerkB. offering advice to the clerkC. asking the clerk to be more attentiveD. reminding the clerk of the charged item49. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?A. We’ll be very excited.B. We’ll feel unf ortunate.C. We’ll have a sense of honor.D. We’ll feel sorry for the clerk.50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. How to Live TruthfullyB. Importance of PeacefulnessC. Ways of Gaining Self-respectD. Happiness through Honorable ActionsCMalaria, the world’s most widespread parasitic(寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, verypoor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don’t (or can’t) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染). They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn’t kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease’s spread is due to global warming.For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.51. According to paragraph 1, many people don’t seek care because___.A.they are too poorB.it is unusual to seek careC.they can remain unaffected for longD.there are too many people suffering from the disease52. People suffering from malaria___.A. have to kill female mosquitoesB. have ability to defend parasitesC. have their red blood cells infectedD. have sudden fever, followed by chills53. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?A.Its resistance to global warming.B.Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.C.Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.D.Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.54. It can be inferred from the passage that___.A.no drugs have been found to treat the diseaseB.the alternative treatment is not easily available to most peopleC.malaria has developed its ability to resist parasitesD.nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease55. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?A.How can we know one is suffering from malaria?。