初二下 基本句型专题

科组长签名：Part1 英语句子成分知识温习指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that I’d like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .Part2英语简单句的五大基本句型英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：【简单句的五种基本句型】基本句型一：S V（主＋谓）基本句型二：S V P（主＋谓＋表）基本句型三：S V O（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：S V IO DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：S V O C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）【句型实例】句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词。

常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive,come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。

如：I work..句型2：Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。

1) She studies English.2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.3)我不知道下一步该干什么(从句)。

句型3：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。

其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。

这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。

如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.2) He looked worried just now.(2)表示变化。

这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。

如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.2) The tree has grown much taller than before.句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)如：My father bought me a new car.【特别提醒】A. 在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。

e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .Give the book to me , please .直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。

e.g. I handed it to our teacher . 不能说：I handed our teacher it .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.跟踪练习：划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。

担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.2) We made him our monitor.3) His father told him not to play in the street。

4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)【特别提醒】A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。

B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.e.g. We hear her sing next door.She is heard to sing next door .C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。

e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.He was se en to steal the old man’s money .【随堂练习】指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。

①I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. ②In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. ③In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. ④There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. ⑤I can hear birds singing in the green trees. ⑥I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. ⑦All this will be interesting and good for my health. ⑧So I want to go to the countryside for a change.1. ( S + V ) _______________2. ( S + V +O ) _________________3. ( S + V + C ) ____________________4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _______________5. ( S + V + O + C ) __________________【巩固提高练习】一、句子结构分析。

1. His face turned red.2. He bought you a dictionary.3. I told him that the bus was late.4. Everything looks different.5. He showed me how to run the machine.二、翻译下列句子。

1. 五年前我住在北京。

2. 会议将持续两个小时。

3. 他指出我的作文中的错误。

4. 昨晚我写了一封信。

5. 树叶已经变黄了。

6. 这个报告听起来很有意思。

7. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？8. 每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

9. 他叫我们参加做游戏。

【综合运用】词汇应用阅读下面的短文，用括号内所给的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。

请将答案填写在文后相应的横线上。

Have you ever had proble ms in your life and don’t know how to be happy? If so, you will find “Being a Happy Teenager” _1___ (write) by Australian writer, Andrew Matthews, useful.Andrew Matthews is a ___2___ (write), cartoonist and speaker. His books __3___ (translate) into 20 languages. He has been on over 2000 ___4___ (radio) and TV programs.In this book, Matthews tells us how___5____ (have) a happy life and answers the questions of teenagers.There are many topics such as parents and friends, and the book says we should stop ___6___ (be) angry and forgive. The book tells us about ___7____ (use) skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to make your memory better. Many teenagers think that ____8___ (happy) comes from a good exam marks or praise from other people. But you can still be happy when there are no such “good” things._____9____ (succeed) comes from a good attitude. If you learn from ___10____ (problem), you will have success in the future.Some school boys have problems such as being too tall or too short. But Matthews tells us happiness comes from ___11___ (think) about things in positive way.If you are tall, people notice you and you can get a better view at the movie; if you are short, your clothes and shoes take ___12___ (litt le) room in your bedroom! This is Matthews’ most important lesson: you choose to be happy!书面表达我国规定,从2008年6月1日起,所有的商场、超市等不得免费提供塑料购物袋。