2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士百科知识地理历史考研真题,考研笔记
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士MIT考研真题,报录比
16年考研详解与指导178、南宋最伟大的爱国主义诗人---陆游-----唱出了时代的最强音。
179、南宋后期—永嘉四灵和江湖派。
180、小说和讲史----是话本的主要内容。
181、宋元话本----确立后世白话小说的基础。
182、韩愈、柳宗元-----文以载道、惟陈言之务去。
183、欧阳修-----北宋文坛的领袖、宋代散文的奠基人。
184、北宋初期诗文革新运动的领导人是-----欧阳修。
185、醉翁亭记----欧阳修抒情散文的代表作。
186、朋党论----欧阳修政论文中的名篇。
187、前赤壁赋----苏轼散文中最富盛名、影响最深远的篇章。
188、唐宋八大家---唐代韩愈和柳宗元、北宋的欧阳修、苏轼、王安石、曾巩、苏洵、苏辙。
189、先天下之忧而忧、后天下之乐而乐----岳阳楼记----范仲淹。
190、范仲淹------开宋词豪放之先风。
191、王安石-----答司马谏议书。
192、王安石一---被列宁誉为“中国十一世纪的改革家”。
193、办洵—六国论。
194、北宋前期的诗歌流派----白居易体、贾岛姚合体、李商隐体。
195、王安石咏史诗----明妃曲两首最为著名。
196、王安石后期成就最高的诗作-----人称王荆公体。
197、春风又绿江南----泊船瓜洲----王安石。
198、黄庭坚-----山谷体-----江西诗派的创始人----与苏轼并称苏黄-----其代表作是寄黄几复。
199、宋代最大的诗歌流派-----江西诗派。
200、一祖三宗-----杜甫为一祖，黄庭坚、陈师道、陈与义为三宗----提倡诗歌语言艺术点石成金、夺胎换骨。
201、杨万里-----与陆游、范成大、尤袤并称"南宋四家"、"中兴四大诗人"。
形成独具特色的诚斋体。
202、示儿----陆游临终的遗嘱，也是诗人最后呼喊的爱国之声。
203、陆游——人称“小李白”。
中国古代最高产的诗人(有诗9000多首)。
2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识地理历史考研真题,考研笔记
2016年翻译硕士考研信息地理历史青蛙在幼年（蝌蚪）时用什么呼吸：鳃在人类基因计划组测序中，下列哪个国家没有担任测序任务：加拿大天然气在什么温度下冷却液化：摄氏-162度造有色玻璃，在原料里加入氧化钴，玻璃呈：蓝色我们吃的胡萝卜属于植物的哪一个器官：根蚕豆苗在阳光下进行光合作用的产物主要是：氧气和淀粉对环境问题及相关内容的叙述，正确的是：环境问题主要表现为生态破坏和环境污染计算机应用广泛，而其应用最广泛的领域是：数据处理与办公自动化对环境问题及相关内容的叙述，正确的是：环境问题主要表现为生态破坏和环境污染天文学上用“天文单位”作为测量天体之间距离的单位，它指的是：太阳到地球的距离下列哪项是人类所特有的条件反射：谈论梅子分泌唾液底面积相同的质量也相等的两个容器，甲为筒形，乙为圆锥形，当两容器注入相同质量的水后，哪个容器底受的压力大：一样大根吸收的水分有99％左右用于：蒸腾作用维持人体平衡的器官结构是：前庭碳族元素不包括：硒在乌鸦家族中体形最大的是：渡鸦我国有关软件版本保护的法规《中华人民共和国著作权法》于哪年通过：1990操作系统是一种什么软件：系统下列哪种生物是寄生生活的：噬菌体从物质和能量的转变过程来看，生物界中最基本的物质代谢和能量代谢是：光合作用对生态平衡的正确理解是：生态系统的能量流动和物质循环能够较长时间的保持平衡病人验尿时发现尿中有红细胞、白细胞和大分子蛋白质，此病人可能患的是：肾小球炎光合作用过程中释放的氧气来源于：水最早的温度计是谁发明的：伽利略长颈鹿的寿命约为：30年世界上最长的娃娃鱼有多长：1.5米下列哪一种动物会破坏珊瑚礁：海星蚕豆苗在阳光下进行光合作用的产物主要是：氧气和淀粉现存鸟类中的产的卵最大的是：鸵鸟造有色玻璃，在原料里加入氧化钴，玻璃呈：蓝色天文学上用“天文单位”作为测量天体之间距离的单位，它指的是：太阳到地球的距离全球台风发生频率最高、强度最大的海域是：西北太平洋第三代计算机的逻辑器件采用的是：中、小规模集成电路地球有近日点、远日点，我们北半球冬季时地球处于：近日点大黄鱼和小黄鱼是同一种吗：不是土豆是植株的哪一部分：块茎人类基因组可以促进治疗的疾病是：癌症“红十字”是有哪国国旗演变而来：瑞士关于磷的下列叙述中，正确的是：红磷没有毒性而白磷剧毒用尽废退学说的创始人是：拉马克保险丝常采用么材料：铝锑合金娃娃鱼是鱼吗：不是计算机病毒是一种会进行自我繁殖和扩散的：程序溶液的ph值大于7时，溶液显什么性：碱性最早的活字印刷是由谁发明的：毕昇自由落体定律由谁发现：伽利略马铃薯的薯块是：茎钢和生铁中碳的百分含量比较：小于以下不是马克思誉为19世纪自然科学的三大发现的是：DNA双螺旋结构到目前为止，我们所发现的最大的恐龙是：震龙能保持氢气化学性质的是：氢分子鱼的心脏与人的心脏的主要区别在于：少两腔被称为“潜水冠军”的是：抹香鲸下列物质溶于水，其溶液的pH等于7的是：氯化钠“海市蜃楼”是：错觉观测气象用的百叶箱为什么漆成白色：反射太阳光下列四种动物中谁的颈椎数最多一样多“杂交水稻之父”：袁隆平从进化的角度来说，以下哪个动物是第一个真正用声带来鸣叫的动物：青蛙珍妮纺纱机的发明者是：哈格里夫斯最早发现x射线的科学家是：伦琴软饮料的共同特征是：不含酒精市场上出售的香蕉有正常的种子吗：没有黄种人很多有眼褶（双眼皮），为什么：防止风沙吹入眼中下面哪一种元素不是酸雨中主要含有的：碳田间一次施化肥过多，作物会变得枯萎发黄，俗称“烧苗”，其原因是：根细胞不能从土壤中吸水白鳍豚是哪国特有的一种极为罕见的珍贵动物：中国植物界中最高等的植物类型是：种子植物在荒地向森林演替的过程当中，最先在荒漠生存下来的是：先锋植物地球自转是形成昼夜更替的主要原因，地球的自转速度是：1600公里每小时石油被誉为“工业的血液”，这句话对吗：对哪一个不是地中海沿岸国家：卢森堡鸡蛋是由哪些部分组成的：蛋黄、蛋白、壳膜、蛋壳以下哪种是无毒的蛇：火赤链哈雷慧星的最早记录是哪国人留下的：鲁国人夜盲症是由于缺乏：维生素ADNA的双螺旋结构在哪年提出：1953下面哪一个是世界上历史最长的树，有活化石之称：银杏树（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士MIT考研真题,参考书
16年翻译硕士考研详解与指导178、南宋最伟大的爱国主义诗人---陆游-----唱出了时代的最强音。
179、南宋后期—永嘉四灵和江湖派。
180、小说和讲史----是话本的主要内容。
181、宋元话本----确立后世白话小说的基础。
182、韩愈、柳宗元-----文以载道、惟陈言之务去。
183、欧阳修-----北宋文坛的领袖、宋代散文的奠基人。
184、北宋初期诗文革新运动的领导人是-----欧阳修。
185、醉翁亭记----欧阳修抒情散文的代表作。
186、朋党论----欧阳修政论文中的名篇。
187、前赤壁赋----苏轼散文中最富盛名、影响最深远的篇章。
188、唐宋八大家---唐代韩愈和柳宗元、北宋的欧阳修、苏轼、王安石、曾巩、苏洵、苏辙。
189、先天下之忧而忧、后天下之乐而乐----岳阳楼记----范仲淹。
190、范仲淹------开宋词豪放之先风。
191、王安石-----答司马谏议书。
192、王安石一---被列宁誉为“中国十一世纪的改革家”。
193、办洵—六国论。
194、北宋前期的诗歌流派----白居易体、贾岛姚合体、李商隐体。
195、王安石咏史诗----明妃曲两首最为著名。
196、王安石后期成就最高的诗作-----人称王荆公体。
197、春风又绿江南----泊船瓜洲----王安石。
198、黄庭坚-----山谷体-----江西诗派的创始人----与苏轼并称苏黄-----其代表作是寄黄几复。
199、宋代最大的诗歌流派-----江西诗派。
200、一祖三宗-----杜甫为一祖，黄庭坚、陈师道、陈与义为三宗----提倡诗歌语言艺术点石成金、夺胎换骨。
201、杨万里-----与陆游、范成大、尤袤并称"南宋四家"、"中兴四大诗人"。
形成独具特色的诚斋体。
202、示儿----陆游临终的遗嘱，也是诗人最后呼喊的爱国之声。
203、陆游——人称“小李白”。
中国古代最高产的诗人(有诗9000多首)。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士考研历年真题,考研参考书
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.D.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.英语热点词汇总裁助理assistant president综合治理comprehensive treatment安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based;informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state台独"independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士考研历年真题,考研参考书,重难点笔记,学姐经验
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.翻译硕士词汇辨析5award,rewardaward,reward的用法award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。
2016年北京师范大学翻译硕士百科知识地理历史考研真题,真题解析
2016年翻译硕士考研指导地理历史水能资源最丰富的地区是：西南地区大约再过多少时间，月亮绕地球一周正好是地球上的一天：50亿年下列作物主要生在长热带和亚热带的是：甘蔗《天体运行论》论证了什么：地球绕着太阳转阿尔卑斯山脉的最高峰是：勃朗峰关于日本的经济说法正确的是：日本著名的海港是横滨和神户滦河不流经：山东中亚地跨亚欧两洲的国家是：哈萨克斯坦美国有多少个州：50个以下哪条瀑布最宽：黄果树慕田峪长城是由谁在北齐长城遗址上督造而成：徐达半坡遗址是那个地方的原始母系社会遗址：黄河流域古书上关于夏朝哪项记录，在世界上是最早的：日食和流星雨山西大同的火山是什么山：死火山被称为中国古代第一个监狱的凌里城位于现在的：安阳从攻占巴士底狱到处死路易十六相差几年：4年大陆自然带种类最多的大洲是：北美洲《古兰经》是哪个教的圣书：伊斯兰教亚洲耕地面积最大的国家是：印度“公元前”英文的意思是：基督以前在我国，自古就有“天府之国”美誉的地区是：四川盆地北京东岳庙主祀：东岳大帝古代的死刑在什么季节行刑：秋季我国现存最早的，内容最完整的农书是：《齐民要术》世界上最大的岛屿是：格陵兰我国梁式桥型的精品杰作洛阳桥位于何地：福建泉州妙应寺白塔始建于元朝至元八年（公元1271年），由当时哪国的工艺家阿尼哥奉敕主持修建：尼伯尔世界上盐度最高的海区在：红海.“联合国教育、科学及文化组织”于1946年11月4日成立，总部设在：巴黎中亚气候的最大特征是：干旱成都又被称为：蓉城我国最大的淡水湖是：鄱阳湖以下哪个不是我国的四大佛教名山：武当山芙蓉石的矿物名称叫做：蔷薇石英UFO的具体涵义是：不明飞行物下列河流注入的海洋正确的是：阿姆河—咸海大雁塔在哪里：西安我国的“五粮液”最早酿造在哪个朝代：明朝“狼毫”的原料取自：黄鼠狼尾泼水节是我国哪一民族一年中最盛大的节日：傣族地质学家把地球的历史分成几个“代”，“代”下面还有“纪”，划分的主要依据是：生物的演变我国西部新的石油基地将建设在：塔里木盆地北部和中部“郁金香”是哪个国家的象征：荷兰蒙古语中的“库勒”，是什么意思：湖泊决定建立革命统一战线的会议是：中共“三大”国际自然保护联合会成立于：1948年被称为“瓷都”的是我国哪一城市：景德镇19世纪六七十年代，出兵侵略我国台湾的国家是：美国和日本我国第一大岛是：台湾岛哪一国家最先发行体育邮票：希腊我国播种面积最大油料作物分布在：长江流域天文学是研究什么的科学：天体百慕大三角海区引人关注的原因是：发生种种神秘事故中秋节吃月饼最初的兴起是由于：推翻元朝统治古老生命的时代叫作：古生代东北大平原由松嫩平原、三江平原与哪个平原组成：辽河平原我国江南民间三月三有吃什么的习俗：荠菜煮鸡蛋以下行星中不用天文望远镜不能看到的是：天王星美国国旗星条旗最初制定时旗上有多少颗星：13颗华夏民族是在哪诞生的：黄河流域青藏高原平均海拔多少米：4500米土耳其的首都在：安卡拉有“绿城”之称的城市是：郑州发源于我国，唯一注入北冰洋的河流是：额尔齐斯河湖南湖北的“湖”是指：洞庭湖五四运动的导火线是巴黎和会讨论中国青岛的：归属问题天然气主要分布在我国哪些地域：塔里木、渤海湾、四川盆地公元前177～前176年，匈奴单于冒顿举兵攻月氏，迫使其向西迁移到：伊犁河流域白令海峡沟通哪两大洲：美洲与亚洲周文王在哪儿创造的周易：安阳陕西乾陵武则天墓碑上有几个字：无一字人性善恶的讨论由来已久，中国古代提出“人性本善”的是：孟子以下哪座塔是元大都保留至今的重要标志，也是我国现存最早最大的一座藏式佛塔。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研历年真题,重难点笔记
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：357试题名称：英语翻译基础（共3页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP(Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In1992,Deng underscored the need to follow through on the“modernisation”course that heinitiated in the1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented.These policies,pursued by Deng’s successors,spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now,however,Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended.They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between7and7.5per cent.三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a“liveable”one by2020, with“fresh air and a beautiful environment”.Few praise its plaints abound about its congestion,pollution,desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.Even in the state-controlled media,suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital. Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past600years.Since the Communist victory in 1949,the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power,the party’s might and their country’s glorious history.To propose a move strikes many as heretical.In recent years,however,some have broken ranks.In2000even China’s then Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,joined the sceptics.The capital,he declared,might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities.But other problems have grown.Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word“shoudu”,meaning capital,in a different tone so that it sounds like“the most congested”.For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city.The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade.The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested,in newspapers as well as online,that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded.Their privileges,common to all those registered as Beijing citizens(ie,not migrants from other provinces),include readier access thanmost other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities.Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits.But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities,it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士考研历年真题,考研参考书,考研经验
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.D.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.英语倍数句型及其译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些（如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、（12）等，见圈码）很容易译错——其主要原因在于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研历年真题,重难点笔记,考研参考书,考研经验
北京科技大学 2014 年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
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一、英汉互译短语翻译（30 分） IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
GNP (Gross National Product)
Gini coefficient
carbon tax
resource recycling
quantitative easing
genetically modified food
试题编号： 357 试题名称：
英语翻译基础
（共 3 页）
适用专业：
翻译
说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
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Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word “shoudu”, meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like “the most congested”. For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as online, that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研历年真题,重难点笔记考研参考书
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：357试题名称：英语翻译基础（共3页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP(Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In1992,Deng underscored the need to follow through on the“modernisation”course that heinitiated in the1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented.These policies,pursued by Deng’s successors,spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now,however,Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended.They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between7and7.5per cent.三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a“liveable”one by2020, with“fresh air and a beautiful environment”.Few praise its plaints abound about its congestion,pollution,desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.Even in the state-controlled media,suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital. Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past600years.Since the Communist victory in 1949,the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power,the party’s might and their country’s glorious history.To propose a move strikes many as heretical.In recent years,however,some have broken ranks.In2000even China’s then Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,joined the sceptics.The capital,he declared,might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities.But other problems have grown.Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word“shoudu”,meaning capital,in a different tone so that it sounds like“the most congested”.For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city.The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade.The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested,in newspapers as well as online,that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded.Their privileges,common to all those registered as Beijing citizens(ie,not migrants from other provinces),include readier access thanmost other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities.Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits.But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities,it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士百科考研真题,考研笔记
2016年翻译硕士考研信息回锅肉是哪个菜系的代表菜：川菜“沙地马蹄鳖，雪中牛尾狐”是哪一个菜系著名的菜肴：徽菜小麦品质的好坏,取决于什么的含量与质量：蛋白质麻婆豆腐是哪里的特色菜：四川蕨类植物比苔藓类植物进化的根据是有维管组织转转酒是我国哪个少数民族特有的饮酒习俗：彝族“蟹壳黄是哪里的风味小吃：上海沙茶面”是哪个地方的风味小吃：福建正式的西餐最先上的是什么：菜和汤古人所称的汤饼即现在的什么：面条下面哪一项的主要作用是供给身体所需的热能，并且使脂溶性的维他命能够顺利地被身体吸收利用：脂肪方便面夏天保存时间：1个月天京狗不理包子共有多少个摺：18个小麦品质的好坏，取决于什么的含量与质量：正确答案：蛋白质第九城市网站于哪一天落成：1999.8.30面条经蒸煮或煎炸,脱水干燥,加调味品包装而成的一种方便食品是什么：方便面近几年我国邮票上的邮政志铭是：中国邮政居民区噪声的卫生标准是：白天不超过50分贝，夜向不超过45分贝好莱坞位于美国什么州：加利福尼亚州羊肉不能与下列哪个在一起吃，否则会中毒：西瓜一般成人总血量大约4000毫升左右，如果丢失总血量的多少会使组织器官处于严重缺血状态，很快可导致死亡：一半艾滋病的主要传播途径是：血液牛奶加热到多少摄氏度左右时，乳糖开始分解：100下列哪个可解甲鱼与苋菜混吃后产生的食物中毒：空心菜汁计算成本的关键在于：产出的收益以下哪一种商品的供应价格弹性最小：石油经济学意义上的需求指的是什么需求：有支付能力剧烈运动后应该喝：少许添加少量盐的饮用水便秘可服：大黄苏打片哪个是塑料袋有毒的特征：按入水底后沉在水底常挖鼻孔易患感冒，是因为：损失鼻毛、鼻粘膜，削弱了鼻腔的防御机能少年儿童每日的正常睡眠时间应是多少小时：9～10汽车横向翻车的原因是：转弯时速度过快纯羊毛标志是一个由几条黑色曲线为一组，共三组构成像一团毛线的图案：5进口商品的价格高的原因是什么：国家征收进口关税引起蚊叮虫咬涂什么没用：黄酒下列何种物品能够去除羊肉异味：萝卜雪期在外宿营地最好选择朝哪个方向：东邮政编号的最后两位数表示什么：投递局鸡蛋哪种吃法最能保持维生素B2：白煮不宜钓鱼的天气是：太阳逼射，水面光线很强正常情况下，人一天大约需要多少千卡的热量：2000下列哪个不属于肿瘤病人的忌食范围：腐乳（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研历年真题,考研参考书,考研经验,重点笔记,核心资料
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，重难点、考点笔记，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：448试题名称：汉语写作与百科知识（共4页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、解释出现在短文中划线的加黑字语词。
（共25个，每词2分，共50分）1.中国遇到的问题是西方国家所不曾遇到的，也是中国历史上前所未有的，后危机时代影响中国经济的各种影响因素此长彼消，短期矛盾和长期挑战相互交织，外部压力增加将使内部结构调整趋于复杂化，是建立符合中国国情及历史发展阶段的经济学理论体系的时候了。
从这一点说，“克强经济学”本身就是开创性的，就需要不断被打破、不断被建构、不断被丰富。
只有理论上和思路上有突破，中国经济才会有突破。
（语料来源：/s2013/likonomics/2013-07-02）2．受“US government shutdown”影响，美国零售销售、消费者和经济信心，以及抵押贷款申请等都呈现出了疲软趋势。
（语料来源：/taxonomy/term/10730/2013-10-23）3．社交新闻网站Reddit本周表示，将接受通过虚拟货币比特币(bitcoin)的付款。
此前，博客平台WordPress已宣布接受比特币付款。
（语料来源：/i/2013-02-17）4．连日来，参观者和纪念者从四面八方来到亚非会议纪念博物馆，追溯万隆会议历史，传承“万隆精神”。
2016年北京大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研笔记
2016年翻译硕士考研指导2010年真题(原题)翻译硕士英语一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe,the most important powers in1939were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China.After seizing the northern provinces of that country in1931and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo,Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China.These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China,which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of the time look well organized,new trouble was almost certain to follow.(141 words)二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China’s least wanted export.When inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem.Three people died and31were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing.China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease?nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case?its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries?but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than15per cent compared with a year earlier.Floods and other acts of God have had their effect,as has the global rise in wheat prices,but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer:producer prices are creeping up.The PPI for manufactured goods was up3.2per cent in October?many steel products rose by more than10percent?and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent10per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through.Given the likelihood that more state-controlled prices will have to rise,and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices, such as the cost of education,the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world,used to enjoying the“China price”,a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy.The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet?but it will.China’s currency has also been gently appreciating,but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices.If currency appreciation speeds up,that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked.Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend,to13.5per cent, but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.Interest rates have risen repeatedly,but with CPI inflation above6per cent,and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher,real interest rates are low.There must now be a low,but non-zero,probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems.That would be the right move.The adjustment would be easier both for China and for the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long.But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left.(551words)三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。
2016年北京科技大学翻硕百科知识资料考研真题,考研重点
2016翻译硕士考研信息我国卫星火箭发射基地"西昌"位于:(C)西藏新疆四川青海62.称得上火炮的口径需在多少毫米以上：(C)510205063.枪弹的用途不同,弹头的颜色各异,燃烧弹弹头是什么颜色：(A)红色黄色绿色黑色64."粒子束武器"是指什么武器：(C)微波武器激光武器X射线激光武器次声武器65.美国第七舰队主要驻扎在哪里：(D)大西洋地中海东太平洋西太平洋66.二战时,日本偷袭美国珍珠港是在哪一年：(C)1939.121940.121941.121942.1267.我国古代"三十六计"中第3计是:(C)美人计空城计走为上计反间计68.下列将军中哪一位不是大将：(D)粟裕徐海东陈庚许世友69.新中国哪一年开始进行军衔授勋：(C)194919501955198070.下列哪一个城市是在1949.10建国后才解放的：(A)广州上海南京西安71.古代军事家曹操是哪个时期的人物：(B)西汉东汉三国南北朝72.信号弹白天也可以发射,只是要用什么样的信号颜色：(D)黄色白色绿色红色73.下列哪一种是舰艇装备最广泛的主力战舰：(B)驱逐舰护卫舰巡洋舰战列舰74.按吨位分,多少吨位才可算是大型航空母舰：(C)四吨五吨六吨十吨75.防弹衣是由什么材料制成的：(D)软不透钢钨合金钢镍合金钢陶瓷玻璃钢76.我国军队中一个连辖3-4个排,大约有多少人：(B)50-100100-120120-150150-20077.我国担负着北京的警卫和守备勤务的军队组织称为:(C)警备区要塞区卫戍区戒备区78.下列哪种奖章是授予抗日战争期间的有功人员的：(B)解放奖章独立自由奖章八一奖章独立功勋奖章79.成语"闻鸡起舞""中流击楫"是出自哪们古代将领的故事：(C)岳飞戚继光祖逖郑成功80.左轮手枪一共可装几颗子弹：(B)5颗6颗7颗8颗81.目前世界纪元(公元前后的划分)的方法是以什么为标准:(D)伊斯兰教佛教犹太教耶稣基督教82.下列世界奇迹哪个位于伊拉克：(B)金字塔空中花园宙斯神像太阳神像83.第一次世界大战开始的时间是:(B)191019141939194084.下列哪个尊称是对古代太子的尊称:(C)陛下阁下殿下私下85.下列四个著名代号哪个是二战时日本偷袭珍珠港的代号:(A)托拉巴巴罗沙霸王宝石86.美国第一任总统是谁：(B)林肯华盛顿罗斯福杜鲁门87."人不可有傲气,但不可无傲骨"是谁的座右铭：(C)孙中山李大钊徐悲鸿周恩来88.有"世界船王"之称的海外炎黄子孙是指:(D)王安王贞治杨小燕包玉刚89.第二次世界大战是哪一年爆发的：(C) 193719381939194090.著名史书《史记》是属于哪一类历史：(B)野史正史杂史稗史政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
2016年北京大学翻译硕士百科考研真题,报录比
16年考研详解与指导321、五月花号在马萨诸塞州登陆，并建立第一个永久的新英格兰殖民地322、威尔士是在亨利三世统治时期被占领的323、英国两大国教----英格兰和苏格兰教会324、伦敦西区是贸易中心325、门罗帕克的奇才---爱迪生----新泽西州326、辉格党和托里党名字起源于光荣革命327、爱尔兰最古老的政党是工党328、联合法把英格兰和苏格兰统一329、美国联邦法院----区法院、上诉法院和最高法院330、世界上最大淡水湖----苏必利尔湖331、密西根湖---睢一面积全在美国本土332、金雀花王朝----亨利二世----1154年创建333、1882年---排华法案334、英国内战----1642-1646年335、帝国大厦----位于纽约336、美国众议院议员每2年选举一次337、民主党的象征是驴338、美国人口最稠密的地区---东北部339、个底斯堡战役是美国南北战争的转折点340、美国最大规模的移民运动在1815年后341、美国只有路易斯安那州不受不受普通法的约束342、埃格伯特----赢得封建君主权位的英格兰第_位国王343、1928年英国全民实现选举权344、自助者天助----富兰克林的名句345、菲利普-西德尼的作品----阿卡迪亚346、古英语文学时期----449-1066年347、乔森纳-爱德华兹---新英格兰大觉醒-北美殖民地时期最富创建的神学家348、彭斯---前期浪漫主义，苏格兰民谣著称349、公元前146年，罗马征服希腊350、礼节日---圣诞节次日，英国法定假日351、1611年詹姆斯钦定圣经是最重要影响最大的英文圣经352、1636年---哈佛大学在马萨诸塞州建立，以约翰-哈佛的名字命名353、大峡谷---亚利桑那州354、伊利亚特----叙述了由阿伽门农领导的特洛伊战争355、圣经最初是以希伯来语写的356、五月花号到达马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯357、所罗门---希伯来（以色列）国王，使犹太达到鼎盛时期，以智慧著称358、欧洲中世纪被称为信仰时代359、大熔炉----因为美国多民族性360、加尔文----16世纪法国神学家，欧洲宗教改革家，著有基督教原理361、肯尼迪---美国历史上最年轻的总统和第一个罗马天主教徒362、查理一世----断头台，斯图亚特王朝国王363、4世纪末，来自中亚的匈奴人扫荡欧洲，杀害日耳曼部落364、美国众议院有435名议员，任期2年365、英国历史上的共和国----1649年-1658年366、大西洋宪章---1947年罗斯福和丘吉尔签订，四大自由367、英国下议院---不信任投投票，650个席位，任期5年368、罗马教会在1054年分裂为罗马天主教和东正教369、蒙田----文艺复兴时期法国思想家，散文家，随笔录，我知道什么？是他的名言370、公元前5世纪，希腊文化达到顶峰371、观察家报---世界上历史最悠久的全国性周报372、霍布斯---英国政治哲学家，机械睢物主义者，拥护君主专制，提出社会契约论，认为人的知识源于经验，著作是----利维坦373、图腾---从印第安语借用过来374、旧制度的西欧，人被分为3个等级----牧师或教士，庄园主和农民375、文艺复兴在16世纪达到鼎盛376、美国的实用主义----20世纪20年代对于绝大多数考生来说，英语是考研的重头戏，很多时候，可谓是“成也英语，败也英语”。
2016年北京邮电大学翻译硕士百科知识地理历史考研真题,招生人数
2016年翻译硕士考研信息地理历史1、四大佛教名山：五台山（山西）、峨眉山（四川）、九华山（安徽）、普陀山（浙江）2、五岳：东岳泰山（山东）、西岳华山（陕西）、北岳恒山（山西）、南岳衡山（湖南）、中岳嵩山（河南）。
它们各具特色，向以泰山之雄、华山之险、恒山之幽、嵩山之峻、衡山之秀而闻名于世。
明代旅行家徐霞客就有“五岳归来不看山”的赞叹。
3、世界第一高峰——珠穆朗玛峰（西藏、海拔8848米）4、岩溶地貌在国际上通常称之为喀斯特地貌。
它是在特定的地理环境中，由可溶性岩石（如石灰岩）受到含有二氧化碳的水的溶解和冲刷作用形成的。
5、广西桂林到阳朔漓江两岸是世界上规模做大，风景优美的岩溶景区，向有“甲天下”之誉。
6、我国第一大江——长江：注入东海，全长6300公里7、长江三峡：瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡。
8、我国第二大河——黄河：注入渤海，全长5464公里9、我国五大淡水湖：潘阳湖（江西）、洞庭湖（湖南）、巢湖（安徽）、太湖（江苏）、洪泽湖（江苏）。
我国最大的咸水湖——青海湖。
我国海拔最高的湖泊——纳木错湖。
10、我国古代四大水利工程：都江堰（四川）、灵渠（广西）、京杭大运河（北京——杭州）、坎儿井（新疆）。
11、我国最著名的三大石窟：敦煌的莫高窟、洛阳的龙门石窟、大同的云岗石窟。
12、我国的三大古建筑群：北京故宫、承德避暑山庄、曲阜孔庙。
13、少数民族节日：那达慕大会（蒙古族）、泼水节（傣族）、三月街（白族）、火把节（白、彝、哈尼族等）、歌圩节（壮族）、请祖节（畲族）、芦笙节（苗族）、雪顿节（藏族）。
14、伊斯兰教的三大传统节日：开斋节、古尔邦节和圣纪节15、我国的七大古都：西安、洛阳、开封、杭州、南京、北京、安阳。
16、我国四大名绣：苏州的苏绣、长沙的湘绣、成都的蜀绣、佛山的粤绣。
17、三大名锦：南京的云锦、成都的蜀锦、杭州和苏州的宋锦。
18、三大传统手工艺品：景德镇的瓷器、北京景泰蓝、福州脱胎漆器。
19、景德镇素有“瓷都”之称。
2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士考研历年真题,考研参考书,重点笔记,考研经验
育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.百科知识：京剧：又称“皮黄”，由“西皮”和“二黄”两种基本腔调组成它的音乐素材，也兼唱一些地方小曲调（如柳子腔、吹腔等）和昆曲曲牌。
2016年北京大学翻译硕士百科知识资料考研真题,参考书目
2016年翻译硕士考研指导传统皮影戏发源于哪个地区？A• A.陕西• B.河北• C.甘肃又称羊皮戏,俗称人头戏,影子戏.发祥于中国陕西，成熟于唐宋时代的秦晋豫，极盛于清代的河北。
顾名思义，皮影是采用皮革为材料制成的，出于坚固性和透明性的考虑，又以牛皮和驴皮为佳。
上色时主要使用红、黄、青、绿、黑等五种纯色的透明颜料。
正是由于这些特殊的材质，使得皮影人物及道具在后背光照耀下投影到布幕上的影子显得瑰丽而晶莹剔透，具有独特的美感。
沿袭传统戏曲的习惯，皮影人物被划分为生、旦、净、末、丑五个类别，更加特别的是，每个人物都由头、上身、下身、两腿、两上臂、两下臂和两手十一件连缀组成，表演者通过控制人物脖领前的一根主杆和在两手端处的两根耍杆来使人物做出各式各样的动作。
在中国，不少的地方戏曲剧种都是从皮影戏中派生出来的，而皮影戏所用的幕影演出道理，以及表演艺术手段，对近代电影的发明和现代电影美术片的发展也起到了重要的先导作用。
中国皮影被世界各国的博物馆争相收藏，同时也是中国政府与其他国家领导人相互往来时的馈赠佳品，由此可见，皮影艺术在中国乃至世界上拥有很高的艺术价值。
82“压轴”最初指的是第几？B• A.倒数第一• B.倒数第二• C.倒数第三“压轴”本是京剧的“术语”。
京剧一场戏如有五出的话，第一出叫作“开锣戏”，第二出名曰“早轴”；第三出为“中轴”；第四出（倒数第二）称之为“压轴”；第五出（最后一出）则叫“大轴”。
有以上五种名称的时代，京剧还不是像现在这样只演出两三个小时的，那时的京剧演出是从大白天就开始——一般是下午一两点钟就唱开锣戏了。
演到了一两个小时之后，一些观众可能有点疲倦啦，就唱一出“硬整”一些的剧目，给大家“提提神”，这就是“早轴子”。
到了快吃完晚饭的时候，再唱一出热闹戏，叫叫座儿，这是“中轴子”的作用。
晚上的演出才是比较重要的“正戏”，要一直演出到半夜才完结呢。
所以，最好的“角儿”、最硬的剧目都要放在最后才拿出来。
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请问他们是从哪里去的：贵州在泰山上的中天门路旁的五大夫松是哪个皇帝登泰山是封的：秦始皇我国的恐龙博物馆在：四川自贡地球北回归线上的唯一的自然风景保护区“鼎湖山”在：云南昆明中国的尼姑最早是何时出现的：南北朝弱冠指的是：二十岁佛教传入中国中原的第一座佛庙是：白马寺太平洋平均深度：四千米长江三角洲的成因主要是:流水的堆积作用1930年至1933年，红军连续粉碎了国民党的几次“围剿”：4火湖位于哪个洲：拉丁美洲四川盆地又称:红色盆地被称为“智慧之都”的是那一座古代名城：亚历山大泰坦尼克号出航后第几天撞上了冰山：5非洲英雄马赫迪是哪个国家的：苏丹世界上最大的稀土矿在我国的：内蒙现在美国国旗星条旗上有多少颗星：50颗北宋是中国历史上以汉族为主体建立的封建王朝，建都：开封庐山是一座：正确答案：断层山春秋》是根据哪国史料编成的一部历史书：鲁国夏代末年，夏王室内政不修，外患不断，阶级矛盾日趋尖锐。