Intelligent control system for mass wind power in Gansu Province went into operation
2.4GHz T-bus EIB智能化医院控制系统 外文翻译
2.4GHz T-bus EIB smart hospital control system Modernized hospital construction function is complicated, medical equipment is precise, the environment request standard is high, using 2.4GHz T-bus intelligence control system can connect to the hospital construction environment. Through the establishment of digitization energy conservation medical service environment, may enhance the hospital management level, enhances medical personnel's working efficiency, save the hospital operation costs. T-bus intelligence environment control system realize the optimizing control to the light environment, the visor environment, the temperature environment and the medical equipment movement and maintenance of many hospital departments such as outpatient clinic, the in-patient department and so on through controlling to each kind of terminal electrical equipment (for example light, electrical window curtain, air conditioners, medical equipment and so on).Purposes:1. Uniformly Manages, controls and protects the hospital illumination, air conditioners and the medical equipment2. Enhances the hospital service scale, provides the comfortable environment to the medical person and the patients.3. Save the energy, saves the hospital operation costs4. uses the safe voltage the weak electricity board to substitute the strong electricity board, enhanced the security; Through the electric current and the leakage electric current examination to the important medical equipment, promptly reported in the breakdown situation, strengthened the medical equipment reliability and security. Functions:1. Light control of ward and outpatient service building2. Electrical window curtain and visor volume curtain control of ward and outpatient service building3. Air conditioner, heats up and the air blower plate tube control of ward and outpatient service building4. Illumination and the light adjusting of the operating room and the treatment room5. Hospital ward ringing system6. AV device control of academic exchange center and conference room7. Illumination electrical power distribution system and fire linkage8. Linkage hospital automation office system, to realize to have no paper work9. All T-bus system intelligent controllers circuit breaker of Outpatient service andin-patient department and important medical equipment circuit breaker conditionsurveillance10. Centralism monitor and control of the outpatient service and the hospital ward to achieve the non- board control in the public regionControlled area and control content:1. hospital wardControl of light, electric curtain, fan coil unit, ringing system, the socket of microwave oven and so on , ultraviolet ray sterilization lamp2. Outpatient service hallControl of light, visor volume curtain, fan coil unit3. The departments of the treatment, the inspection, the surgery, the diagnosis, rescue and so on.Control of light, electric curtain, fan coil unit4. Common aisle, elevator hallControl of light, underground lamp control5. Academic exchange center, report hallControl of light, AV equipment, window electric curtain, theater curtain;6. Extensive lighting, botanical garden illuminationControl of light7. Center control computerSolutions:1. Hospital ward* Installs 8 path 2.4GHz T-bus system intelligent controllers beside the bed, controls the light switch and adjusts the light in the guest room, controls the opening and closing of the electric curtain, may carry on the master switch control to the hospital ward light, may control the bathroom light, and may set the doctors clinic scene, the rest scene, the television watching scene.* The angle of the hospital ward electrically operated bed can be adjusted through the T-bus system intelligent controllers and the remote control, facilitates the doctors clinic and the patient dines, reads;* Guardianship ringing system. When the patient needs the guardianship the patient’s feeling is not good, may press the call button or the remote control nearby the bed, the on-duty nurse may rush to the hospital ward to carry on processing immediately;* The center control computer in Each floor nurse stand can implement the common control to various illumination, the curtain and the air-conditioner system at hospital wards in corresponding floor, and the computer of each nurse stand can demonstrate the indoor temperature in each hospital ward, simultaneously may establish the maximum and minimum temperature, provides the human nature service;* The hospital ward corridor illumination may automatically open by coordinating with the light sensor and the timers, when the degree of illumination request is very low at the deeper night, shuts down partial illuminations light, the foot light automatically opens.* The nurse station may realize centralism monitoring to the sockets of various medical equipments such as breath machine and so on in the ward.* Installs a intelligent switch with a temperature control board at the entrance, carries on the automatic constant temperature control to the fan coil unit of the hospital ward, may demonstrate the indoor temperature, simultaneously may carry on the control to the light and the curtain.* Installs intelligence switch at the bathroom entrance, may carry on the control to the bathroom light and the ventilating fan* If with intelligent door lock system linkage, may realize the different opening gate pattern between the doctor and the service person, named the clinic pattern and the sweeps clear pattern.* After the patient Check-in, automatically adjusts the light and the electric curtain at the corresponding ward to in-patient pattern, adjusts the air conditioner temperature to comfortable temperature. Enables the patient to have the home feeling and enhances the hospital service scale.* After the patient left, automatically adjusts the light and the electric curtain at the corresponding ward to closure pattern, may automatically restore the ward hypothesis temperature to the condition which tacitly approves.* After the patient goes to sleep at night, T-bus temperature controls board automatically changes to energy conservation pattern. According to the statistics, the hypothesis temperature elevates 1 (when refrigeration) or reduces 1 (when heats up) every time, may conserve energy 6%* The center control room may demonstrate the actual temperature and the hypothesis temperature of each hospital ward. Also may set the maximum and minimum temperature. Simultaneously the hospital ward temperature control also may connect with the window linkage, after the window is turned on, automatically closes the air conditioner to realize energy conservation fully.* T-bus temperature controls board can automatically control Fan coil unit. When the indoor temperature approaches the hypothesis temperature, automatically adjusts wind speed from high to low, makes the indoor temperature to maintain around the hypothesis temperature, to save energy and it is very comfortable.* When summer sunlight is intense, automatically shut-off ward curtain, prevented the ward temperature to be excessively high, achieves the energy conservation purpose.2. Outpatient service hall* Automatically control degree of illumination of the outpatient hall through lit sensor at day time. When the natural light is intense, closes partial lights, otherwise, then opens the certain light, makes the outpatient hall to maintain the constant degree of illumination. Simultaneously may conserve energy.* At night may act different degree of illumination according to the patient current capacity.* Controls the visor volume curtain of the hall through the light sensor. When the summer light is intense, automatically lays down the visor volume curtain, in order to conserves energy.* May control the light, the visor volume curtain of the out patient hall through the center control room computer.3. The treatment of the inspection, the surgery, the diagnosis, the rescue and so on* The operating room, the requirement of general degree of illumination is not lower than 1000Lux. The shadowless lamp took as the local lighting, should achieve above 20000Lux in the surgery table 30cm scope. May adjust the light to the auxiliary light source through the T-bus system intelligent controllers board or the remote control, may adjusts the light scope from 0% to 100%.According to different operating room illumination degree, specially the local lighting degree of illumination is different, May adjust the light source degree of illumination to carry on the pre- establishment.Through illumination degree sensor established in the operating room, carry on the precise adjustment of illumination degree to some work surface.* Regards the functional checking room (mainly refer to ophthalmology department), its requirement of illumination degree reaches as high as7500Lux. Through the T-bus system intelligent controller board and the remote control, may adjust the light scope according to the hospital illumination standard request to the 50Lux scope;In regards the mirror inspection room, X perspective room, the ophthalmology department darkroom and so on the degree of illumination is in the 50-100Lux scope, may adjust the light to 0Lux.through the T-bus system intelligent controller board and the remote control.* stalls the electric current and the leakage electric current examination module regarding the below important advanced equipment, like spiral CT, colored Doppler B ultra machine, the entire automatic blood congeals analyzer, the entire automatic chemistry lighting immunity analyzer, 24 hours dynamic electroencephalogram meter, straight vertical D5-3 machine, the central guardianship system and the breath machine and so on.Through the electric current and the leakage electric current examination to the equipment , early discovered equipment hidden danger, reported to the relative maintenance department before the equipment failure at an earlier time, reduced the life and property lose caused by the equipment failure, reduced the maintenance work load, strengthened the medical equipment security and reliability.* the surveillance of the medical equipment power supply and circuit breaker condition, any artificial or the breakdown trips will promptly feed back the system and recognize it, noticed to the service man.After the reserve power source starts, the system should provide the urgent light control function, only provides the power source to the urgent light return route in and prohibits normal light return route control.In the outpatient service consulting room, the treatment room, the rescue room, the small operating room, the gynecology and obstetrics department, infect ward, the tumor ward, the burn ward, the newborn room, the cardiovascular room and so on are equipped with the stationary installment ultraviolet ray sterilization lamp, maysuppose the independent controlling switch, and uses the timer to carry on the timed control.4. common aisle, elevator hall* Select sensor and time setting coordinates to control the light, opens completely or the majority of lights when daytime person current capacity great , after the midnight closes the majority of lights, simultaneously starts the human body sensor, when some people appear, opens the corresponding region light, conserves energy in maximum way.* When nature sunshine is good, does not turn on the light to save the energy; When cloudy day or darkness, turn on the light according to the personnel needs;* May connect with the fire linkage, when the fire appearing, may realize the lamp luminous intensity to cut or the strong point function, start emergency lighting control.5. Academic exchange center, report hall, multi-purpose hall* Installs 2.4GHz T-bus system intelligent controller in the conference room, T-bus system intelligent controller has the light scene control function, temperature control and remote control functions;* Installs the human body sensor in the conference room, may achieve somebody to turn on and turn off the light the air conditioner, nobody to turn on and turn off the light the air conditioner, in order to avoid waste if forgetting to close;* Installs the touch screen computer in the report panel, through the graphical interface of the touch screen to carry on each kind of light scene and the AV scene control: Conference scene, lecture scene, rest scene, showing scene and so on; Showing scene description: Pre sses “one key scene " of the remote control”, the light adjusts in the room, the projection theater curtain lays down, the curtain lays down, the projecting apparatus opens, the merit puts /DVD opens, all in instantaneous completes.* Installs the T-bus intelligence switch, this board has the light scene control function, simultaneously has locking (to guard against wrong operation) function.6. Extensive lighting, botanical garden illumination* The hotel extensive lighting and the botanical garden illumination may select the method which the lit sensor and time setting coordinates to carry on the automatic control.* When the natural lit changes dark, the light sensor automatically opens the majority of extensive lighting and the garden illumination, when at night for example 12o'clock PM, sets time and the partial extensive lighting and the botanical garden illumination closes, leaves few base lightings only, the light sensor can turn off the left lights when the day is coming. The whole process is automatic and energy conservation.7.Center control computer*Through the computer graph surface may carry on the centralism monitoring andcontrol to the each equipment such as various region light, air conditioners, electric curtain, HVAC, AV and so on.* May carry on the event record, in order to processes;* when any chapter of light appears the breakdown, may inform the administrator immediately.* Through the computer carry on the accumulation of the using times of exude light, common aisle, elevator hall, great hall and so on , in order to promptly services the replacement;* May demonstrate each region temperature, may simultaneously set the maximum and minimum temperature of various region, avoids energy wasting.2.4GHz T-bus EIB智能化医院控制系统现代化医院的建筑功能复杂，医疗设备精密，对环境标准要求高，用2.4GHz T-bus 智能控制系统能够与医院的建筑环境相结合。
智能控制系统毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献
智能控制系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献附录一：外文摘要The development and application of Intelligence controlsystemModern electronic products change rapidly is increasingly profound impact on people's lives, to people's life and working way to bring more convenience to our daily lives, all aspects of electronic products in the shadow, single chip as one of the most important applications, in many ways it has the inestimable role. Intelligent control is a single chip, intelligent control of applications and prospects are very broad, the use of modern technology tools to develop an intelligent, relatively complete functional software to achieve intelligent control system has become an imminent task. Especially in today with MCU based intelligent control technology in the era, to establish their own practical control system has a far-reaching significance so well on the subject later more fully understanding of SCM are of great help to.The so-called intelligent monitoring technology is that:" the automatic analysis and processing of the information of the monitored device". If the monitored object as one's field of vision, and intelligent monitoring equipment can be regarded as the human brain. Intelligent monitoring with the aid of computer data processing capacity of the powerful, to get information in the mass data to carry on the analysis, some filtering of irrelevant information, only provide some key information. Intelligent control to digital, intelligent basis, timely detection system in the abnormal condition, and can be the fastest and best way to sound the alarm and provide usefulinformation, which can more effectively assist the security personnel to deal with the crisis, and minimize the damage and loss, it has great practical significance, some risk homework, or artificial unable to complete the operation, can be used to realize intelligent device, which solves a lot of artificial can not solve the problem, I think, with the development of the society, intelligent load in all aspects of social life play an important reuse.Single chip microcomputer as the core of control and monitoring systems, the system structure, design thought, design method and the traditional control system has essential distinction. In the traditional control or monitoring system, control or monitoring parameters of circuit, through the mechanical device directly to the monitored parameters to regulate and control, in the single-chip microcomputer as the core of the control system, the control parameters and controlled parameters are not directly change, but the control parameter is transformed into a digital signal input to the microcontroller, the microcontroller according to its output signal to control the controlled object, as intelligent load monitoring test, is the use of single-chip I / O port output signal of relay control, then the load to control or monitor, thus similar to any one single chip control system structure, often simplified to input part, an output part and an electronic control unit ( ECU )Intelligent monitoring system design principle function as follows: the power supply module is 0~220V AC voltage into a0 ~ 5V DC low voltage, as each module to provide normal working voltage, another set of ADC module work limit voltage of 5V, if the input voltage is greater than 5V, it can not work normally ( but the design is provided for the load voltage in the 0~ 5V, so it will not be considered ), at the same time transformer on load current is sampled on the accused, the load current into a voltage signal, and then through the current - voltage conversion, and passes through the bridge rectification into stable voltage value, will realize the load the current value is converted to a single chip can handle0 ~ 5V voltage value, then the D2diode cutoff, power supply module only plays the role of power supply. Signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module, through quantization, coding, the analog voltage value into8bits of the digital voltage value, repeatedly to the analog voltage16AD conversion, and the16the digital voltage value and, to calculate the average value, the average value through a data bus to send AT89C51P0, accepted AT89C51 read, AT89C51will read the digital signal and software setting load normal working voltage reference range [VMIN, VMAX] compared with the reference voltage range, if not consistent, then the P1.0 output low level, close the relay, cut off the load on the fault source, to stop its sampling, while P1.1 output high level fault light, i.e., P1.3 output low level, namely normal lights. The relay is disconnected after about 2minutes, theAT89C51P1.0outputs high level ( software design), automatic closing relay, then to load the current regular sampling, AD conversion, to accept the AT89C51read, comparison, if consistent, then the P1.1 output low level, namely fault lights out, while P1.3 output high level, i.e. normal lamp ( software set ); if you are still inconsistent, then the need to manually switch S1toss to" repair" the slip, disconnect the relay control, load adjusting the resistance value is: the load detection and repair, and then close the S1repeatedly to the load current sampling, until the normal lamp bright, repeated this process, constantly on the load testing to ensure the load problems timely repair, make it work.In the intelligent load monitoring system, using the monolithic integrated circuit to the load ( voltage too high or too small ) intelligent detection and control, is achieved by controlling the relay and transformer sampling to achieve, in fact direct control of single-chip is the working state of the relay and the alarm circuit working state, the system should achieve technical features of this thesis are as follows (1) according to the load current changes to control relays, the control parameter is the load current, is the control parameter is the relay switch on-off and led the state; (2) the set current reference voltage range ( load normal working voltage range ), by AT89C51 chip the design of the software section, provide a basis for comparison; (3) the use of single-chip microcomputer to control the light-emitting diode to display the current state of change ( normal / fault / repair ); specific summary: Transformer on load current is sampled, a current / voltage converter, filter, regulator, through the analog-digital conversion, to accept the AT89C51chip to read, AT89C51 to read data is compared with the reference voltage, if normal, the normal light, the output port P.0high level, the relay is closed, is provided to the load voltage fault light; otherwise, P1.0 output low level, The disconnecting relay to disconnect the load, the voltage on the sampling, stop. Two minutes after closing relay, timing sampling.System through the expansion of improved, can be used for temperature alarm circuit, alarm circuit, traffic monitoring, can also be used to monitor a system works, in the intelligent high-speed development today, the use of modern technology tools, the development of an intelligent, function relatively complete software to realize intelligent control system, has become an imminent task, establish their own practical control system has a far-reaching significance. Micro controller in the industry design and application, no industry like intelligent automation and control field develop so fast. Since China and the Asian region the main manufacturing plant intelligence to improve the degree of automation, new technology to improve efficiency, have important influence on the product cost. Although the centralized control can be improved in any particular manufacturing process of the overall visual, but not for those response and processingdelay caused by fault of some key application.Intelligent control technology as computer technology is an important technology, widely used in industrial control, intelligent control, instrument, household appliances, electronic toys and other fields, it has small, multiple functions, low price, convenient use, the advantages of a flexible system design. Therefore, more and more engineering staff of all ages, so this graduate design is of great significance to the design of various things, I have great interest in design, this has brought me a lot of things, let me from unsuspectingly to have a clear train of thought, since both design something, I will be there a how to design thinking, this is very important, I think this job will give me a lot of valuable things.中文翻译：智能控制系统的开发应用现代社会电子产品日新月异正在越来越深远的影响着人们的生活，给人们的生活和工作方式带来越来越大的方便，我们的日常生活各个方面都有电子产品的影子，单片机作为其中一个最重要的应用，在很多方面都有着不可估量的作用。
中科院物理所自动流程控制英语
中科院物理所自动流程控制英语英文回答：Automatic Process Control at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOPCAS) is a leading research institution in the field of physics. The institute has a long history of excellence in basic research, and its scientists have made significant contributions to our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature. In recent years, IOPCAS has also become a leader in the development of new technologies, including those for automatic process control.Automatic process control is a key technology for many industries, including manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and energy. It allows engineers to automate the control of complex processes, which can improve efficiency, safety, and productivity. IOPCAS has developed a number ofinnovative automatic process control technologies, which are used in a variety of applications.One of IOPCAS's most successful automatic process control technologies is its intelligent control system for high-power lasers. This system uses a variety of sensors and actuators to monitor and control the laser's operation. The system can automatically adjust the laser's power, wavelength, and pulse duration to meet the desired specifications. This system has been used in a variety of applications, including laser cutting, welding, and materials processing.IOPCAS has also developed a number of other automatic process control technologies, including:A self-tuning controller for temperature control.A model-based predictive controller for chemical processes.A fuzzy logic controller for robotic systems.These technologies have been used in a variety of applications, including:Semiconductor manufacturing.Pharmaceutical production.Energy generation and distribution.Robotics.IOPCAS is committed to the development of new and innovative automatic process control technologies. The institute's scientists are working on a number of new projects, including:The development of a new generation of intelligent control systems.The application of artificial intelligence to automatic process control.The development of new sensors and actuators for automatic process control.IOPCAS is confident that its automatic process control technologies will continue to play a major role in the development of new industries and technologies.中文回答：中国科学院物理研究所自动流程控制。
文献检索习题及答案(工大版)
文献检索课综合检索（作业）姓名__ ____班级__ ____学号________试题一：Scifinder Scholar数据库是什么类型的数据库？简述Scifinder Scholar数据库的基本检索方法。
答：（1）SciFinder Scholar是由美国化学学会(ACS)旗下的化学文摘服务社CAS (Chemical Abstract Service)所出版的网络版数据库，是全世界最大、最全面的化学化工及其相关领域的学术信息数据库。
(2)检索方法：主要分为Explore、Locate和Browse三种检索方式<1> Explore（搜索科技文献）：分为Explore Literature、Explore Reactions和Explore Substances三大部分：1) Explore Literature（搜索文献）：可按照Research Topic（研究主题）、Author Name（作者姓名）和Company Name/Organization（单位名称）三大途径进行检索。
2) Explore Reactions（搜索反应）：可通过画出反应途径查找特定的反应过程。
3) Explore Substances（搜索物质）：可通过画出Chemical Structure（化学结构）或输入MolecularFormular（分子式）来查找化学物质。
<2> Locate（查找特定的文献或物质）：分为Locate Literature和Locate Substance两大部分：1) Locate Literature（定位文献）：可按照Bibliographic Information（文献著录信息：作者姓名、期刊名、文献题名或专利号）以及Document Identifier（文献：专利号或标识号CA文摘号）进行特定文献的检索。
2) Locate Substance（定位物质）：按照Substance Identifier（物质标识号：化学名称、CAS登记号）查找特定的化学物质。
牵引车-飞机系统的路径跟踪控制（英文）
J.Marine Sci.Appl.(2012)11:512-517DOI:10.1007/s11804-012-1162-xPath-tracking Control of a Tractor-aircraft SystemNengjian Wang,Hongbo Liu*and Wanhui YangSchool of Mechanica l and Electr ical Engineering，Har bin Engineering Univer sity,Ha rbin150001,ChinaAbstra ct:An aircraft tractor plays a significant role as a kind of important marine transport and supportequipment.It’s necessary to study its controlling and manoeuvring stability to improve operation efficiency.Avirtual prototyping model of the tractor-aircraft system based on Lagrange's equation of the first kind withLagrange mutipliers was established in this paper.According to the towing characteristics,a path-trackingcontroller using fuzzy logic theory was designed.Direction control herein was carried out through acompensatory tracking approach.Interactive co-simulation was performed to validate the path-trackingbehavior in closed-loop.Simulation results indicated that the tractor followed the reference courses preciselyon a flat ground.Keywords:path-tracking controller;aircraft tractor;preconcert route;fuzzy control;co-simulationArticle ID:1671-9433(2012)04-0512-061Introduction1Automatic guidance of industrial articulated vehicles,such as mining trucks,earth-removal and road-paving vehicles, intercity bus travels,and automated guided vehicles(AGVs), (Lane et al.,1994;Larsson et al.,1994;Hirose et al.,1995; Rabinovitch and.Leitman,1996;de Santis,1997;Lamiraux et al.,1999);have over80years,received a great deal of attention from researchers.Recently,a study in intelligent control technology for maritime applications has prompted more research investigating.For more than20years the study of tractor aircraft systems has provided vital information for on researching maritime vessel transportation.The process has been noted as to being a complicated nonholonomic, under-actuated and nonlinear system.The path-tracking plays a significant role in improving operation efficiency(Rifford, 2004,2006,2008;Nakamura et al.,2001).Wang(1994) Aircraft tractors are essential tools for aircraft movement on large ships,as well as takeoff and landing.The mechanism is different from a shore-based allocation and transporting of an aircrafts;tractors on the ship are placed in less than ideal environments,narrow space and exclusive transportation facilities by Han et al.(2010).Relatively good transport efficiency and flexibility are required during these tasks.As a result,the lack of maneuverability has increased a higher rate of involvement in fatal accidents.Through constant evolution and development of computer and sensor technologies,research on tracking control methods for two-wheeled and car-like mobile robots have increased significantly(de Wit et al.,1993;Kanayama et al.,1990,1991; Murray and Sastry,1993;Samson and Ait-Abderrahim,1991a, Received d at e:2011-11-13.Found at ion item:Harbin Technological Innovation ResearchFund(NO:2012RFXXG039)*C orresp ond ing aut hor Email:lhbci************©Harbin Engineering Univers ity and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidel berg20121991b).In addition,a few researchers have explored in greater detail the study of tracking control of trailer systems,which basically consist of a steering tractor and a passive trailer, linked with a rigid joint,such as a tractor-aircraft system.As noted in the references listed:(Lamiraux and Laumond,1997; Sekhavat et al.,1997;Yuan and Huang,2006)much of the interest driving experimentation,is the utilization of trailers on mobile robots.However,problems occur due to the controlling of the system from the viewpoint of the mobile robot and not a passive trailer.In1994,de Santis,conducted a simple linear control study using a linearized model designed for a trailer system.The research is of great interest and a positive perspective on the study of tracking control systems guide points have been explored for future recommendations.The study was divided into three components:First, analyzing the tractor aircraft systems,examining the marine transport equipment,and understanding the procedures of the maneuvering stability of a ship.Next,the research focused on guiding a path tracking controlled aircraft tractor into preconcerted routes and keeping a smooth motion, almost like a flat ground on a ship.Thirdly,the paper focused on analyzing the performance of the tractor in an automatic navigation system setting.The research study utilized the fuzzy logic theory as a measuring tool in the designing of the controller for the tractor-aircraft system.The researcher also took into account factors for the adverse ef fects,caused by factors such as tire slippage.The direction control was performed through a compensatory tracking approach method.The organizational flow of the research paper has been divided into five sections.In section II,the research focused on the kinematic and virtual prototyping model of the aircraft-tractor system.Section III,focused on theJournal of Marine S cience and Appl ication (2012)11:512-517513design of the fuzzy control system,while section IV contains simulation results.The paper concludes with remarks and recommendations in section V .2Model of a tr actor-aircraft system2.1Kinematic mod elThe model is based on a rigid multiply body that consists of a tractor,a drawbar,the undercarriage and fuselage,ignoring,for the moment,the flexibility of the tractor suspension and undercarriage buffer system.It is usually assumed that the wheels do not slip.The deformation of the tires is also ignored for the sake of simplicity.These assumptions are acceptable for tractor towing at low speeds:(1)Calculate the lateral component of constraint force onthe tractor-aircraft system junction.(2)The relative angles between the various parts are small,and the tractor front wheel steering angle is small.(3)Examine the wheels rolling resistance,back torque and air resistance.Primarily consider the lateral and the swaying motions of the tractor-aircraft system illustrated in Figure1.Fig.1Kinematic model of a tractor-aircraft system Dynamical equations of the tractor are shown as the following.11111121()cosy a y y m v u r F F F R (1)111122131cos z y y y a J r F d F d R d M (2)The drawbar and the nose landing gear dynamical equations are depicted as:2222323()y y y m v u r R R F (3)22243535z y y y J r R d R d F d (4)Dynamical equations of the fuselage and the rear landinggear are founded with the expression3333244()a y y m v u r F F R (5)3346247z y a y J r R d M F d (6)where i m represents the mass (the subscript i=1,2,3denotes the tractor,the drawbar and the aircraft respectively),i u is the marching velocity,i r is the sway rate and yi F is the cornering force on the tractor wheel,yi R is the lateral constraint reacting force on the articulation and the vertical moment of inertia is expressed with iz J ,ai F and ai M are the accessional lateral force and torque on the centroid,δis the tractor front wheel steering angles,12,d d are the distances from the tractor centroid to the front and rear axle,3d is the distance from the tractor centroid to the anterior to the drawbar,45,d d are the distances from the drawbar centroid to its foreside and rearward,67,d d are thedistances from the aircraft centroid to the front and rear axle.Cornering force on the tractor wheels yi F is defined as a function of the slip angle.When the lateral acceleration is less than 0.4g,the slip angle is generally no more than 4°-5°,the tire cornering properties are in the linear range.Cornering force is given by y i i i F k a ,where i k is thecornering stiffness,its value is negative,i a is the tire slipangle.The state equation of tractor-aircraft towing operation can be described by means of:K XL XM UN TS F(7)2.2Vir tual prototyping modelUsing the ADAMS/View program(Elliott,2000),a virtual prototyping model is created as shown in Figure 2.A centralized quality tractor model is established,which includes the body,suspension and steering system,tires and other components.The study shows evidence of a reduction in the drawbar to a cylindrical rod..The aircraft model is mainly composed of the fuselage,undercarriage and employs spring-dampers.As a result,nonlinear elastic damping effects in the spline curve takes place in the undercarriage buffer system.Nengjian W ang,et al.Path-tracking C ontrol of a T ract or-A ircraft System514Fig.2Virtual prototyping model of the tractor-aircraftsystemThe parameters of the tire and road can be set in the Fiala tyre model and mdi_2d_flat road model,such as:the vertical stiffness,vertical damping of the tire,the friction factor ,and graphics of the road.2.3Comparative analysis of kinetic model an d virtualprototype mod elA comparative analysis was conducted to set the tractor initial position on the ground coordinate system origin and zero degree for the initial direction.The simulation was carried out using a vertical speed of 5km/h.The step input was given to a steering wheel with the function:step (time,8,0,8.02,and 42d).The study compared the steady-state values of the kinetic model and the virtual prototype model,as shown in Table 1.It was established that the virtual prototype model is a good feature.Table 1Contrast of the Kinetics ParametersInvestigating variablesY aw rate of the tractor/((°)·s 1)Yaw rate of thedrawbar/((°)·s 1)Y aw rate of the aircraft/((°)·s 1)Lateral velocityof the tractor/(mm/s)Angle between the drawbar and the aircraft/(°)Angle betweenthe tractor and the drawbar/(°)Simulation value1.4361.4271.40445.904.1266.222Theoretic value 1.507 1.507 1.47846.60 4.395 6.549Absolute error 0.0740.0800.0740.7000.2690.327Relative error5.3%5.6%5.3%1.5%6.5%5.2%3Establishment of fuzzy control sysytemBased on the virtual prototype model of the tractor-aircraftsystem a Mamdani fuzzy control system is established (Shukla and Tiwari,2010).A block diagram of the fuzzy control system is visible in Figure 3.Distance deviation and angle deviation,which can be derived by drawing acomparison between the actual path,and the preconcerted routes are calculated as the input of the controller.The torque that controls the steering wheel angle sheers off betimes to eliminate the error is referred to as the output.Fig.3Block diagram of the controller3.1Path Reference fr ameUbiety between the tractor and the preconcerted route is shown in Figure4.The ground coordinate system OX YZ is used to describe the trajectory,whereas vehicle coordinated system oxyz is used to calculate the distance deviation Ed and angle deviation Ea.Path point P c (c=1,2,3,…n)connecting to the sequentially composed preconcerted path.The origin of the vehicle system of coordinates is (X 0，Z 0)on the ground coordinate and the relative angle between these two coordinated systems is .Fig.4Schematic diagram of the ubiety3.2Posit ion ControllerJournal of Marine S cience and Appl ication (2012)11:512-517515The functions of the fuzzification interface are to perform the following steps:measure the values among the input variables from the data acquisition interface,quantifying in order to transform the range of the observed values into the corresponding discourse of the language variables,and transforming the input data into proper linguistic values,that can be regarded as a form of fuzzy set.The subets of the in-out variables are decomposed into seven fuzzy partitions,denoted by PB (positive big),PM (positive medium),PS (positive small),Z (zero),NS (negative small),NM (negative medium),and NB (negative big),respectively.The domain of distance deviation,Ed is [–1000,1000],Unit:mm and of angle deviation Ea is [1.57,1.57],Unit:rad.Control axial torque on the steering wheel has a basic domain of [78400,78400]which unit is N ·mm.In-out variables in fuzzy set are on the fuzzy domain {6,4,2,0,2,4,6}.Analyzing the basic domain and the compartmentalization of the hierarchy,quantization factor of distance deviation Kd comes to a value of 0.006and that of angle deviation Ka is 0.267,while the control torque scale factor Kt is 13066.The membership function of in-out is shown in Figure5.Fig.5Membership functionThe rule table of fuzzy controller is shown in Table 2and the output surface of fuzzy control rules can be illustrated as shown in Figure6.There are four conditions of the tractor current position and preconcerted route determined by the distance and angle deviation:(a)0,0Ed Ea ;(b)0,0Ed Ea ;(c)0,0EdEa;(d)0,0EdEaTable 2Rule table of fuzzy controllerOutput Torque UEd NB NM NS Z PS PM PB Ed NB PB PB PB PM NS NS NS NM PB PB PM PS NS NS NS NS PB PM PM PS NS NS NS ZPM PM PM Z NM NM NM PS PS PS PS NS NM NM NB PM PS PS PS NS NM NB NB PBPSPSPSNMNBNBNBEd EaFig.6Output surface of fuzzy rules4Tracking behavior simulation analysisFor verifying the efficiency of the proposed controller,we realize this system on the virtual prototyping model created in section Ⅱ.Define the in-out adopting ADAMS/Controls and establish the control algorithms in Simulink Model.The study implemented control modules and designed software in the control system,and interactive simulation.The co-simulation model is shown in Figure7,which contains dynamic modules;path deviation calculation module,a fuzzy control module and a time limit module.The corresponding oscilloscope to record the distance and angle deviation and other important data were also established.Thus,the operations and some experimental results are presented in a series of pictures to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposedmethods.Fig.7Co-simulation mode l4.1Performance of the Virtu al Prototyping ModelGiven the tractor rear wheel,a axial torque with a step input:step (time,0,50000,180,1800000)and a drive function to the steering wheel with:step (time,0,0,1,168d),the simulation was carried out.The traction trajectory is shown in Figure 8.The simulations illustrated in Figs.7and 8,results indicate that the under-steer system increased the tractor turningNengjian W ang,et al.Path-tracking Control of a T ractor-A ircraft System 516radius and lateral velocity.t.The tractor's turning radius andlateral velocity are greater than those of the aircraft.Aforesaid analysis proves that the virtual prototyping modelhas good maneuveringstability.(a)Route of the Idle Load Tractor(b)Route of the Load-CarryingTractor(c)Route of the Passive AircraftFig.8TractionTrajectoryFig.9Turning Radius of theTractorFig.10Lateral Velocity Comparison4.2Tr acking Beh avior Und er th e Fuzzy Con trolTowing the aircraft at the speed of5.4km/h along route1(visible in Fig.11),simulations was carried out as follows:(a)Running with a step input:step(time,4,0,4.2,42d)(b)Control the system through co-simulation approachWe investigate the performance of the fuzzy control system.Figure12shows the tracking behavior under an operation ofclosed-loop input.The foundation of the fuzzy controllercould make up some adverse effects caused by tire slippage,etc,to a certain extent.Also the establishment plays animportant role in safe and efficient towingoperation.Fig.11PreconcertedRoutesFig.12Tracking TrajectoriesThe tractor drove in accordance with the intended route2asshown in Figure13,pulling the aircraft from point A todestination B at the speed of 5.4km/h.The trackingtrajectories also obtained the kinetics parameters during thetask from the co-simulation.Figure12shows the lateralvelocity and turn angle of the aircraft for wheel values.Themaximum kinetics parameters are also shown in Tab.4characterizing the towing performance.Therefore,using the designed controller to guide thetraction system tracking in an intended route under practicaltraction work conditions issafe.(a)L ateral Velocity of theTractor(b)Turn Angle of the Aircraft Fore-wheelFig.13Kinetics ParametersJournal of Marine S cience and Appl ication(2012)11:512-5175175ConclusionsFor the automatic guidance and stability control of the ship-based tractor-aircraft system,a fuzzy control system was designed.Firstly,taking into account lateral and the swaying motions,a nonlinear dynamic model is introduced.A virtual prototyping model,which has good maneuvering stability,is established.Furthermore,based on the fuzzy logic,the controller is derived based on the virtual prototyping model.The simulation results confirm the fuzzy control system effectively enables the traction system to track the preconcerted path well.Under the control of the designed controller,the tractor-aircraft system provided a good description of the dynamic behavior.ReferencesDe Santis RM(1994).Path-tracking for a tractor-trailer-like robot.Int J Robot Res,13(6),533-543.De Santis R(1997).Modeling and path-tracking for a load-haul-dump vehicle.J.Dynam.Sy st.Mea s.Contr.,119, 40-47.De Wit C,Khennouf H,Samson C,Sordalen OJ(1993).Nonlinear control design for mobile robots,recent trends in mobile robots.World Scientific Series in Robotics and A utomated Systems,11, 121-156.Elliott AS(2000).A highly efficient,general purpose approach for cosimulation with ADAMS.MDI 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电气控制英文参考文献(精选120个最新)
改革开放以来,随着我国工业的迅速发展和科学技术的进步,电气控制技术在工业上的运用也越来越广泛,对于一个国家的科技水平高低来说,电气控制技术水平是一项重要的衡量因素.电气控制技术主要以电动机作为注重的对象,通过一系列的电气控制技术,买现生产或者监控的自动化.下面是搜索整理的电气控制英文参考文献，欢迎借鉴参考。
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安防行业专业英语术语大全
安防行业专业英语术语摄像机Camera记录设备DVR画面处理器Quad &Mutiplexer监视器Monitor数字监控IP CCTV视频采集卡Capture Card编码解码器Encoder & Decoder矩阵Matrix护罩球罩Housing监控器支架Bracket云台Pan/Tilt红外线灯Infrared Light集成监控Integrated Surveillance镜头Lens传输设备Transmitting Equipment配套软件Surveillance Software录像带Recording Cassette防盗报警Alarm System电话报警设备Telephone Alarm Device防盗门Door安防系统Security system保险柜Safeguard Case探头Detector感应器Inductor警号闪灯Alarm Light门磁窗磁Magnetic Contact发射接收器Transmitter & Receiver个人报警器Personal Alarm报警主机Alarm Mainframe报警软件Alarm Software玻璃破碎探测器Glass-Crashing Detector 门禁考勤Access System (1516)门禁控制主机Access Mainframe磁卡Card读卡器CardReader指纹采集仪Fingerprint Identification考勤机Access Attendance门禁控制器Access Controller锁具Locks & Doors 对讲设备Intercom System(753)可视对讲Visual Intercom非可视对讲Unvisualable Intercom防灾保全对型Emergency Intercom智能交通Intelligent Traffic System (416)交通控制管理Traffic Management Equipment交通收费设备Traffic Charge Equipment交通检测设备Traffic Detector行驶记录仪Traffic Black Box车辆导航系统GPS交通系统及软件Traffic System Software 停车场设备Park Equipment汽车防盗设备Car The Equipment消防设备Fire Protection (161)灭火器Extinguisher紧急广播设备Emergency Broadcasting消防栓Fireplug火警探测器Fire Detector防护衣帽Body proof Clothes传输系统Transmitting System(712)微波传输Micro-wave Transmission远程传输Tele Transmission光纤传输Fiber Transmission线缆Cables智能化小区系统Intelligent Community System柜员机A TM Equipment消费管理系统Consuming Management System电梯控制器Elevator Controlling Equipment 金库保险Cashbox Security中英文对照安防系统专业名词之线缆系统Aluminium foil shield 铝箔屏蔽Appliance Wiring 标准电线电缆Attenuation 衰减Automotive Wire 汽车线Braid 编织屏蔽Characteristic impedance 特性阻抗Coaxial Cable 同轴电缆Conductor 导体Control Cable 控制电缆Elevator Cable 电梯电缆Excellent flexibility 富柔软性Frequency 频率Halogen Free High-Speed Interface Cable 无卤高速介面电缆Hybrid Plastic Inner Jacket塑料混合物内护层Inner jacket 内护层Jacket 护套Loudspeaker Cable 喇叭线，音箱线Max. Atten 最大衰减Max.Resistance 最大导体电阻Meet lead and cadmium free requirement 符合无铅无镉要求Multi-channel digital audio 多声道Networking Cable 网络电缆Next Power Sum 近端串音功率和Next Worst Pair 近端串音No. of Pairs 对数Nom O.D 成品外径Nom. Space 标称间距Nom.Dia 标称外径Nom.Thick 厚度Propagation delay skew 延时差PVC Insulation 聚氯乙烯绝缘PVC/ST4 Jacket 聚氯乙烯护套Rated cap. 额定电容Rated temperature 额定温度Rated voltage 额定电压RE.weight 参考重量Resistant to heat, oil, abrasion and cold 具耐热，耐油性，防磨损，耐冷等特性Section 截面Spira/Braid Shield 编织/缠绕屏蔽Structure 结构Tinned copper, Braid shield 屏蔽,镀锡铜线编织屏蔽Tinned or bare, solid copper conductor导体:单支实芯铜线或单支实芯镀锡铜线Tinned or bare, stranded copper conductor导体:多股裸铜线或镀锡铜线绞合中英文对照安防系统专业名词之对讲系统A visible walky-talky system 可视对讲系统AC Transformer 电源适配器Adaptor 解码器add-on Selector 扩展选择板Audio Station 音频门口机Centre Control Unit 中央控制单元Door Station 门口机Enhanced System 嵌入式系统Hands-free 免提Hands-free Color Video Intercom彩色对讲系统Inside Station 室内分机Master Station 主分机Sub Station 副分机Video Monitor 显示屏Wireless walky-talky system 无线对讲系统中英文对照安防系统专业名词之显示与监视器CRT, Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射管线Display 显示器ECD, Electro Chromic Chemical Display电化著色显示EL, Electro Luminescent 电光光面板EPID, EIectrophoretic Indication Display电泳动显示LCD, Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示LED, Light Emitter Display 发光二极体Monitor 监视器PDP, Plasma Display Panel 电浆显示板vacuum fluorescent digit-display tube真空荧光数字显示管中英文对照安防系统专业名词之智能家居系统Home remote control 家居远程控制Intelligent home appliances control system家电智能控制Intelligent home system 智能家居系统中英文对照安防系统专业名词之综合布线系统Broadband access 宽带接入Broadband multimedia service system宽带多媒体服务系统Community network service 社区网络服务Construction ensemble system 建筑群子系统Horizontal system 水平子系统Management system 管理子系统PDS, Premises Distribution System综合布线系统The equipment room system 设备间子系统The working area system 工作区子系统Vertical system 垂直子系统中英文对照安防系统专业名词之三表抄送系统Remote Connectrated Meter Directly-Reading System 远程抄表系统Concentrator 集中器Repeater 中继器Directly-Reading Meter 直读式表计Water Meter 水表Electricity Meter 电表Gas Meter 煤气表Pure-Water Meter 纯净水表中英文对照安防系统专业名词之职称与职位Administrator/Clerk主管/员工Contract Administrator合同主管Document Controller文档管理员Dra起草人Site Driver工地司机Electrician电工Design Engineer设计工程师Asst Design Engineer设计助理工程师T & C Engineer调试工程师Database Engineer数据库工程师Senior Design Engineer高级设计工程师Design & Devt Engineer设计&开发工程师Project Engineer项目工程师Asst Project Engineer项目助理工程师Professional Engineer专业工程师Service Engineer办公室减值Software Engineer软件工程师QC Engineer质量控制工程师System Engineer系统工程师Software & Devt Engineer软件开发工程师System Assurance Engineer系统保险工程师Cost Control Engineer成本控制工程师Network Engineer网络工程师Communication Engineer通讯工程师Graphics Engineer绘图工程师License Elect Worker电工（有职业许可证）Senior Engineer高级工程师Technician技术人员Fire Alarm Engineer火警工程师Asst Service Engineer助理服务工程师Customer Service Engineer客服工程师Maintenance Engineer维护工程师Senior Welder高级焊工Snr Application Engineer高级应用工程师Senior T&C Engineer高级项目工程师Senior Estimator高级预算员Estimator预算员Direct Labour National直接劳力Indirect Labour间接劳力General Worker普通工人Senior Project Manager高级项目经理Project Manager Expat项目经理（外地）Project Manager Local项目经理（本地）Deputy Project Manager代理项目经理Construction Manager建筑经理Asst Construction Manager助理建筑经理Senior Contracts Manager高级合同经理Asst Constracts Manager助理合同经理T & C Manager测试经理Design Manager Expat设计经理（外地）Design Manager Local设计经理（本地）Fire & Safety Mgr 消防安防经理Project Control Mgr 项目控制经理Service Manager 服务经理Senior Service Manager高级服务经理Software Manager软件经理Software Quality Manager软件质量经理Technical Software Manager技术软件经理Operations Manager运营经理Material Controller 材料管理员Storekeeper店长Pipe Fitter管道工Planner计划员Project Safety Officer项目安全官员Quantity Surveyor质检员Project/Site Supervisor项目主管Safety Supervisor安全主管Mechanical Supervisor机械主管Electrical Supervisor电力主管Instrumentational Supervisor仪器主管Foreman作业班长Welder焊工Workshop Supervisor车间主管Software Assistant软件助理Senior Technician高级技术员Technical Specialist技术专员Technician工程师中英文对照安防系统专业名词之招投标Bidding 招投标RFQ, Request for Quotation 招标文件Signed and Company Chop 签名盖公章Tenderer 投标人中英文对照安防系统专业名词之楼宇自控子系统Air-conditioning system 空调系统Artistic lighting 艺术照明Building automation control system楼宇设备监控系统Cold water system 冷水系统Distribution of high and low-voltage electricity 高低压配电Electric transformer and distribution 变配电Electricity transformation 变电Emergency lighting 紧急照明Emergency power 应急发电Environment System 环境系统Escalators 扶梯Fire alarm system 火灾自动报警子系统Heat exchange system 热交换系统Internal isolation transformer 内置变压器Make-up air system 新风系统Power Supply and Distribution 供配电系统Public facility monitor system公共设施监控系统Public lighting 公共照明Renewal of the blower fan coil风机盘管加新风Sewage and intermediary water division污水及水处理Special lighting(obstacle lights)特殊照明（障碍灯）V A V system V A V变风量系统Ventilation system 通排风系统Water supply and drainage 给排水Water Supply and Drainage System给排水系统Water supply, drainage and drinking water 给排水与饮用水中英文对照安防系统专业名词之入侵报警系统Absolute humidity 绝对湿度Accesss control system出入口控制系统/门禁系统Active Infrared Intrusion Detector主动红外入侵探测器Activity Detection 活动侦测Alarm 报警Alarm receiving centre 报警接收中心Arming 布防Armor Cash Carrier 运钞车Balanced protection 均衡防护bank note transport car 银行运钞车Beam (光线的)束, 柱, 电波, 横梁Blind zone 盲区Burglar Alarm System 安全防范报警设备Bypass 旁路Delay 延迟Detection 探测Detector 探测器Dew Point 露点Dew Point Temperature 露点温度Disarming 撤防Door Contact 门磁Engineering of security and protection system 安全防范(系统)工程false alarm 误报警false alarm 误报警Fire alarm system 火灾自动报警子系统Frost Point 霜点Guard tour system 电子巡查系统Home anti-theft alarm 家居防盗报警Home remote control 家居远程控制Humidity 湿度Infrared Sensor 红外探测器intimidation alarm system 胁迫报警系统Intruder alarm system 入侵报警系统Intrusion Alarm System 防盗报警系统Intrusion Detection 入侵侦测invasion detection alarm system入侵探测报警系统IR, Infra-red 红外线Keypad 键盘leakage alarm 漏报警level of protection 防护等级level of risk 风险等级level of security 安全防护水平Longitudinal-depth protection 纵深防护microwave detection 微波探测器Motion Detection 移动侦测normal close 常闭状态operation signal 状态信号Outdoor Siren 室外警铃Panel 面板，报警主机Panic Button 紧急按钮Parking lots management system停车场（库）管理系统perimeter 周界Perimeter Precaution 周界防范Pet Immunity 防宠物Photoelectric 光电的, 光电子照相装置的Photoelectric Beam Detector光束遮断式感应器Protection area 防护区Relative humidity 相对湿度response 反应Restricted area 禁区Saturation Vapor Pressure 饱和水蒸气压securicar 运钞车Security 安全Security and protection products安全防范产品Security and protection system安全防范系统Security inspection system for antiexplosion 防爆安全检查系统Security management system 安全管理系统Security prevention system 社区安防系统Security system 安全防范子系统security system 安全系统Surveillance and control centre 监控中心Surveillance area 监视区域tamper device 防拆功能tension wire detection 振动揽探测器TriTech PIR/Microwave Detector with Pet Immunity 双鉴防宠物探测器Video surveillance and control system视频安防监控系统中英文对照安防系统专业名词之门禁系统Access Control 门禁控制Contactless 非接触Control Panel 控制面板Controller 控制器Electric Exit Devices 电控逃生装置electric strike for single or double leaf steel doors 单双门电锁扣Electric Strikes电控锁扣（阴极锁）Electrified Locksets & Trim电控锁/电控把手Elevator Management System 电梯控制系统Enclosed 被附上的Entrance 出入口Guard Tour System 电子巡更系统IC Card POS System IC卡消费管理系统Lift Access Control 电梯控制Magnetic 磁性，磁力Magnetic Lock电磁锁Night patrol 巡更Parking Administrative System 停车场管理系统Pin tumbler lock 销簧锁Power bolts电动插销锁proximity 近距离Reader 读卡器Roller Shutter 卷闸门Smart Management System of Parking Lots 停车场管理系统Time and Attendance Management 考勤管理系统Time Attendance 考勤系统Warded Lock 凸块锁中英文对照安防系统专业名词之闭路监控系统ABERRATION 像差：光学系统中对成像造成不良影响的因素。
排放相关英文术语
GlossaryAmbient AirThe air available during the test conditions is referred to as ambient air. AnalyzerDevice which measures the concentration of a specific gas or of a group of gasesBag analysisFor each section of a bag test the system will fill one pair of bags (one bag with diluted exhaust gas, a second bag with ambient air). The system analyzes the contents of the bags at the end of a test phase or upon completion of a test run as soon as the corresponding analyzers are available. The system analyzes and calculates the averageconcentrations and masses of the ingredients as well as the fuel consumption for each section (for each single bag). The bag analysis consists of multiple steps:1. The system takes a test portion from the bag with the diluted exhaust gas in order to determine the most favorable measurement range of the analyzers.2. If the calibration function is selected, the calibration of the selected measurement range of each analyzer will be conducted now.3. After the calibration the system first analyzes the bag containing the sample and then the bag containing the ambient air. If the test consist of a modal analysis, the computer corrects the mass sums of the sample analysis by the portion which was withdrawn for the modal analysis during the test run.4. If the certification calibration is selected, another calibration will beperformed.5. Upon completion of the analysis a test report will be printed and the data will be saved on the hard disk.Catalyst EfficiencyTo determine the catalyst efficiency, samples will be taken in front of and behind the catalytic converter. The computer assumes that the volume flow on both sides ofthe catalytic converter is the same, unless the "secondary air" option has been selected. In the test report, in addition to the efficiency for HCs, CO, and NOx for any measuring point the concentrations and weight proportions of the measurement compoents will be issued.CVSThe data exchange between computer and the CVS gas collector is performed via a LAN (LAN = local area network = computer network). For this purpose, the CVS is equipped with a microcomputer control unit. These intelligent control units perform several tasks self-contained and independent of the VETS ONE system. All these functions can be started by the user via the VETS ONE system console, and the results of the actions an be issued as report via the VETS ONE system.CycleA cycle usually starts with the standstill of the vehicle. Several modes will follow (e.g. acceleration, driving, braking),and the cycle ends with the standstill of the vehicle again.Diluted ModalIn a diluted modal test, the system continuously takes a portion from the sample diluted by the CVS and analyzes it while the bag is being filled. If the system was not set to “Modal Bypass” previous to the test start, thecomputer enables an automatic calibration via the MEXA interface in order to ensure accuracy of measurement for the test procedure. Previous to the test start, the system enables automatic switch of the measurement range for any analyzer required during the test. Using this function the system can, if required, switch to the most favorable measurement range for the current measurement. Thus, the best possible accuracy of measurement for the analyzer will be achieved. The sampling rate of the data acquisition for the diluted modal test is 10 Hz for the measured data of the analyzers, the CVS temperature and pressure values and the auxiliary inputs. The data storage will also take place at 10 Hz (for the GPIB Interface the sampling rate is 5 Hz). During the test procedure for each mode, cycle and section the average values will be calculated and issued in real-time. The calculations take into accout the different delays from the gas sampling to the signal output at the analyzer. The delay times for the different analysis systems are defined in the test cell parameter table. The average values will be stored on the hard disk.Drift-CheckOver the course of time, the absolute value displays of the analyzers drifts from the original display. This results in inaccuracies during the measurement which have to be compensated calculationally by a zero/span check.Driver’s monitorThe monitor close to the vehicle (and the monitor in the control room) display the trace (desired value) and the actual speed during the test procedure. On the driver’s monitor the speed will be marked by a cursor. It is the driver’s task to follow the trace as exactly as possible.Driver’s testVETS ONE defines and describes a vehicle test by a combination of three files:• A test description defines the test options, limit values, display options and othe control parameters of the test. An own test description is required for all vehicle tests.• A trace describes the desired speeed related to the time. Each test description must be linked to a trace. However, multiple test descriptions can be linked to one and the same trace.• A shift point table describes the points at which the driver must shift the transmission gear. Additionally, the gear to which the driver must shift is determined. Multipletest description files can be linked to the same shift point table also.DynoDynamometer. Designation of the roll(s) at the test cell which enable a simulated drive of the test vehicle without this vehicle being moved. There are different roll systems. In a double-roll system, the vehicle will be placed between two rolls located in a row so that the tires of the vehicle activate the rolls. In a single-roll system the vehicle axle is located ove one single (large) roll.Dyno CoastdownThis option measures the energy consumption of the dynamometer (with or without vehicle) for pre-defined speed intervals (e.g. 55 mi/h up to 45 mi/h for the EPA). The user selects a road load model which contains the values for the inertia and the coefficients of the road load curve.Dyno WarmupThis function enables a warm-up of the dynamometer without conducting an emission test. The warm-up of the dynamometer normally takes five minutesat a speed of 50 km/h, another five minutes at a speed of 75 km/h and a last five minutes at a speed of 100km/h.Emission testUsing the VETS ONE system, those vehicle standard tests can be conducted which are required for the certification according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and for the European (ECE) and Japanese authorities. Additionally, VETS ONE offers the possibility to define own test procedures. Any test procedure consist of a typical trace in which the interval, speed as well as accelerations and decelerations are defined. During the test, the exhaust gases of the vehicle will be fed into an analyzer facility which measures the concentrations of the CO, CO2, NOx and HC components. The measured values will be issued in the following units: grams, grams per distance unit and ppm as well as percentage quotation, sowie als Prozentwert, related to the total exhaust gas volume.ImpingerServes for the analysis of, for example, the formaldehyde or methanol concentrations. The measurements will be performed with cannulas. For each test phase another cannula will be used (except for the ambient air). LegislatorSince emission test will normally be conducted to meet the current legislative emission standards, the measurements are oriented by the legislator’s regulation s. The most common legislators with which vehicle manufactures must comply are EU, USA, and Japan.LinearizationDevices such as, for example, analyzers, issue as a result a voltage which is proportinal to the measurement. Therefore, for any analyzer of the measurement facility the computer requires a calibration curve with whichthe voltage can be converted to a physical measurin value. The following section describes how the gas analyzers will be calibrated. To calibrate an analyzer, the system requires a test gas of a know concentration ( concentration value near the upper limit of the measuring range). For a linearization check the test gas will be set via a dilution system to eleven different concentrations from 0 up to 100 % of the measuring range. According to the least-squares method the computer adjusts a plynomic curve to the matching measurements and concentration values.Load coefficientThese values are used by the roll to subject the vehicle to braking forces. The roll control parameters describe the functional curve of the speed-dependent braking force F(v) = Cv² + Bv + A and are also referred to load parameters. The stationary braking force consists of:a) air resistance (approximately proportional to the square of the speed)b) rolling resistance of the tires (increases approximately linearly with the speed)c) internal friction resistances of the vehicleMEXAThe data exchange between computer and the MEXA interface module is performed via a LAN (LAN = local area network = computer network). For this purpose, the MEXA is equipped with a microcomputer control unit. These intelligent control units perform several tasks selfcontained and independent of the VETS ONE system. Thus, the MEXA, for example, can switch the measuring ranges of the analyzers, check the NOx converter or perform a calibration of the analyzers without further control by the VETS ONE system. All these functions can be started by the user via the VETS ONE system console, and the results of the actions an be issued as report viathe VETS ONE system. During a test procedure the analog measuring data of the analyzers will be digitized by the MEXA module and converted to physical units (concentration values of the gases).Modal AnalysisIn the Modal Analysis option the exhaust gases will continuously be fed from the vehicle or from the CVS to the analyzers. The MEXA interface controls the measuring range settings of the analyzers during the complete measurement. If selected, a calibration of all measuring ranges will be conducted in the initializing sequence of the modal test for any analyzer. During the test procedure the system determines the gas concentrations and calculates the dilution rates and the CVS volume with a frequence of 5 Hz. At the end of a mode an average value will be calculated from the data. (Seconds average values can also be calculated and saved. The values will, however, not be issued along with the standard modal test report). The air/fuel ration will be calculated by the MEXA module. The modal average values will then be used to perform the following calculations:• Fuel consumption• Mass (in grams) for each measured componentModal Zero/SpanGasThe system tries to perform a calibration for any analyzer during the initialization sequence of a modal test. This can be prevented via the "Bypass Modal Z/S" option (in the setup menu of the emission test window). For the analyzers of the MEXA 7000 facility, VETS ONE delegate the conduction of the calibration routines to the MEXA modulw.The system then reads the results including the error messages from the MEXA memory. If the calibration of a measurement range of an analyzer isnot successful (no matter which error occured), the user can prompt the system to repeat the measurement with the same measurement range or to use the next measurement range.ModeA mode is a section description of the trace in which the vehicle has a definable state (e.g. permanent drive) or performs an activity (e.g. starting or accelerating). The trace is composed of a sequence of modes which can take from a few seconds up to several minutes.Particulate MeasurementIn all combustion processes fine particulates of the basic material of the fuel will form. These particulates can be measured using different methods. Particulate measurement methods are, for example, bag or filter measurement.SectionUsually a section is a part of the trace (some cycles) in which the exhaust gas will be collected in a pair of bags. A sections ends with the end of the gas sampling or when the sample is led into a new pair of bags. Sections without sampling will also be referred to as sections (e.g. warmup section). The assignment of the analysis reports will be made per section accordingly. SniffThe system takes a portional sample from the bag and selects the measurement ranges of the analyzers for the subsequent exhaust bag and ambient air bag according to the determined concentration values.Span gasThe current concentration value which the analyzer displays when analyzing the span gas.Tailpipe ModalIn a Tailpipe-Modal test the system continuously analyzes a portion of the raw exhaust. Before the test begins, a calibrationwill be performed for all measurement ranges of the analyzers in order to ensure exact measurement results. The calibration results can be inserted into the test report. During the test run the MEXA interface switches the analyzers to the most favorable measurement range, if required. Thus, the best possible accuracy of measurement for the measured results will be obtained. The sampling rate of the data collection for the Tailpipe-Modal test is 10 Hz for the measurement data of the analyzers, the CVS temperature and pressure values as wll as for the auxiliary inputs. The data will be saved by 10 Hz also. Average values will be calculated and issued during the test run for each mode, for each cycle and for each section in real-time. The calculations take into account the different delays from the gas sampling until the display at the analyzer. The delay times are defined in the test cell parameter table. The average values will be saved on the hard disk.TunnelDiesel tunnel:The Diesel tunnel has a diameter which is determined by the flow. The relation results from a so-called Reynolds number determined by the legislatorThe ratio of diameter and tunnel length will also be determined. Gasoline tunnel:The gasoline tunnel, if available (if two filter bins are used, the gasoline tunnel is not required; in this case there will be a Remote-Mixing-T, a movable mixing point), onlyserves the purpose to lead the gas from the filter bin to the CVS while bypassing the Diesel tunnel, if only one filter bin in an Otto measurement isused.VetsOneVETS ONE (Vehicle Emissions Test System) is the software of an automated test cell for vehicles which was developped for the design, conduction and documentationof emission measurements under defined test conditions. The complete system comprises:• computer hardware• data acquisition and control devices• application softwareHardware and software form a unit with the emission measurement system, the CVS, the dynamometer and the miscellaneous additional equipment. The VETS ONE system checks and collects the data of the analyzers, creates test reports and performs other functions such as device calibration, quality assurance and data administration.Zero/Span GasCheckOver the course of time the absolute value displays of the analyzers drifts from the original display. The analyzer calculator (e.g. HORIBA MEXA) corrects this drift calculationally by comparing the actual value display to the known zero and an test gas (test gas concentration near to the end point of the measuring range). An offset will be calculated from the zero values and a correction factor from the calibration points. The Zero/Span Gas Check function can be invoked within an emission test or as partof a maintenance test or as independent maintenance test. Procedure: Standard (bag or modal) zero/span gas sequence. Before the sample measurement the analyzers will be charged with zero gas and then with spangas. From the measured values of the calibration one offset and one gain factor will be calculated. Then the system will be purged with zero gas and will be available for the sample measurements The subsequent measurements will be corrected on the basis of the offset and gain factor.11。
煤矿带式输送机智能化控制系统设计
带式输送机智能化可编程逻辑控制器控制系统主要由显
示器、可编程逻辑控制器控制柜、IP广播通信、各类传感器
(速度、堆煤、急停、载荷、烟雾、温度等)等设备组成。 可编程逻辑控制器控制柜用来处理和接收操作指令、相关数 据，操作控制各种设备包含数字量模块、可编程逻辑控制器 主机、切除故障开关和模拟量等。运行稳定且功能齐全以及 紧凑的系统架构都是西门子-可编程控制器柜S7-1500型号的 特点。用S7-1500型的软件调试系统，用LAD梯形图建立程序
2021 • 13
技术应用与研究
115 当代化工研究
Modem Chemical Research
煤矿带式输送机智 能化控制 系统设计
*庞海云
（山西晋煤集团赵庄煤业有限责任公司山西046600）
摘耍：基于在传统的模式下赵庄的带式煤矿运输机在运行模式下存在诸如有较大的安全隐患、需要投入大量的操作人员、有较高的成本
代码。其结构图如图2所示。
闭锁跑偏速度烟雾纵斯温度堆煤洒水
图2智能化矿井带式输送机控制系统结构图 ⑵操作控制系统的步骤 ① 无人值守 点击操作台上的“无人值守”,出现确认操作窗口后点 击“确定”，模式转为“无人值守”。比方说带式输送机状 态是远程自动控制时，“无人值守”按钮被按下，则带式输 送机改换为“无人值守”模式，当输送机上无煤时则会自动 停止运行；当主运煤巷道上有煤运输到机头时，运输机将自 动开始运行。 ② 就地自控 井下控制主机安装在输送机的机头处，向左转控制旋 钮到就地挡。此时，“本地”字样将显示在智能控制系统界 面上的状态栏。这种状态下，操作开关按钮实现一键启停。 ③ 远程自控 向右转控制旋钮到遥控器档位。此时，”远程”字样将 显示在状态栏上。此时，工人在地表按下启停按钮，一键启 停可以在很远的地方实现。操作员可在此时查看带式输送机 储煤量，通过监控来查看并选择先后什么顺序去启动设备。 A.为防止积煤出现在后置带式输送机上，启动要逆流煤 方向，后置带式输送机头部积煤，按逆流煤方向启动带式输 送机，即从外侧依次启动。
山特维克lh514e电动装载机说明书
BUCKET MOTION TIMES Raising time 8.4 sec Lowering time 4.0 sec Dumping time1.8 secCAPACITIESTramming capacity 14 000 kg Break out force, lift 28 082 kg Break out force, tilt24 574 kg Standard bucket 5.4 m³SPEEDS FORWARD & REVERSE (LEVEL/LOADED)1st gear 4.0 km/h 2nd gear 7.1 km/h3rd gear 12.1 km/h 4th gear20.5 km/hOPERATING WEIGHTS T otal operating weight 38 500 kg Front axle 16 200 kg Rear axle22 300 kgLOADED WEIGHTS T otal loaded weight 52 500 kg Front axle 38 000 kg Rear axle14 500 kgThe LH514E is an electrically-driven loader for underground hard rock loading and haulingapplications, with a tramming capacity of 14 metric tons and a payload-to-own-weight ratio that’s best in class.The LH514E is a game changer compared to traditional diesel-powered underground loaders. The LH514E offers a possibility to select a loader equipped with an electric motor emitting zero diesel emissions, and significantly less noise, vibrations and heat than diesel equipment. The loader is a strong package of pure power, delivering high breakout forces, high tramming speeds, and increased acceleration. The high capacity, unique bucket filling design and rapid cycle times mean you can move more material faster – at a lower cost per tonne.Operator efficiency and safety are always a priority in underground LHDs, and the LH514E delivers there, too. Good ergonomics and responsive controls maximize efficiency.Advantages– Zero diesel emissions from the electric motor improves working environment– Small turning radius enables easy navigation and optimized envelope size– High power-to-weight ratio ensures faster cycle times – Sandvik Intelligent Control system offers a user-friendly interface with vehicle parameters for rapid fault-finding– Quick and easy access for ground-level service and maintenance optimizes uptimeTRANSMISSIONPower shift transmission with modulation.Dana 6422, electrical gear shift control, four gears forward and reverse.CONVERTERDana C8672-70AXLESFront axle, spring applied hydraulic operated brakes. Fixed.Kessler D106,limited slip differentials.Rear axle, spring applied hydraulic operated brakes. Oscillating ± 8°.Kessler D106,limited slip differentials.POWER TRAINELECTRIC MOTOR Three phase squirrel-cage drive motor VEM Drive motor output 132 kW Drive motor voltage 1 000 V Drive motor frequency 50 Hz Drive motor speed1 500 rpm Drive motor insulation class F Drive motor degree of protectionIP 55Three phase squirrel-cage pump motor VEM Pump motor output 45 kW Pump motor voltage 900 V Pump motor freguency 50 Hz Pump motor speed1500 rpm Pump motor insulation class FPump motor degree of protectionIP 55Three phase squirrel-cage fan motor VEM, 2 pcs Fan motor output 1.5 kW Fan motor voltage 400 V Fan motor frequency 50 Hz Fan motor speed3 000 rpm Fan motor insulation class FT otal electric power180 kWTIRESTire size (Tires are application approved. Brand and type subject to availability.)26,5x25 L5S 36 plyREQUIREMENTS AND COMPLIANCECompliance with 2006/95/EC Low voltage directiveCompliance with 2004/108/EC Electromagnetic compatibility directiveCompliance with 2006/42/EC Machinery directive (Equipment for EU area, achieved with relevant options)Design based on EN 1889-1. Machines for underground mines. Mobile machines working underground. Safety. Part 1: Rubber tyred vehicles.Design based on MDG 15. Guideline for mobile and transportable equipment for use in mines. (Equipment for Australia, achieved with relevant options)Electrical system based on IEC 60204-1. Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements CONTAINS FLOURINATED GREENHOUSE GASES (closed cabin option)Refrigerant R134a under pressure max 38 bar/550 PSI:Filled weight: 2,0 kg CO2e: 2,860 tons GWP: 1430Information based on the F Gas Regulation (EU) No 517/2016OPERATOR’S COMPARTMENTCABIN (Cabin option replaces the standard canopy)ROPS certification according to EN ISO 3471FOPS certification according to EN ISO 3449Sealed, air conditioned, over pressurized, noise suppressed closed cabinSound absorbent material to reduce noise Laminated glass windowsCabin mounted on rubber mounts to the frame to reduce vibrationsAir conditioning unit located outside the cabin to reduce noise inside the cabinCyclone pre-filter for A/C device Adjustable joysticksNo high pressure hoses in the operator’s compartment Inclinometers to indicate operating angle Emergency exitFloor washable with water to reduce dustThree-point contact access system with replaceable and colour coded handles and steps 12 V outputRemote circuit breaker switchOPERATIONAL CONDITIONS AND LIMITS Environmental temperature From -20 °C to +50 °CStandard operating altitudeWith standard unit from -1500 m to + 2000 m at 25 °CTS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC2 / 9CONTROL SYSTEM, DASHBOARD AND DISPLAYS Sandvik Intelligent Control systemCritical warnings and alarms displayed as text and with light Instrument panel with 5.7” display, adjustable contrast and brightness. Illuminated switches,My Sandvik Digital Services Knowledge Box™ on-board hardwareSTEERING HYDRAULICSFull hydraulic, centre-pointarticulation, power steering with two double acting cylinders. Steering lock.Steering controlled by electric joystick.Steering main valve Open center type, LS controlledSteering hydraulic cylinders 100 mm, 2 pcs Steering pumpPiston type Steering and servo hydraulic pumpsPiston typeBRAKESService brakes are spring applied; hydraulically operated multidisc wet brakes on all wheels. Two independent circuits: one for the front and one for the rear axle. Service brakes also function as an emergency and parking brake. Brake system performance complies with requirements of EN ISO 3450, AS2958.1 and SABS 1589.Neutral brakeAutomatic brake activation system, ABA Electrically driven emergency brake release pumpBrake oil tank capacity 70 lFRAMEREAR AND FRONT FRAMEHigh strength structure with optimized material thicknesses. Reduced own weight for higher overall hauling capacity and long structural lifetime. Welded steel construction.Central hinge with adjustable upper bearingRear tanks are bolted to frame, hydraulic tank and cabin base are both bolted and welded to frame Automatic central lubricationCANOPY (Standard)ROPS certification according to EN ISO 3471FOPS certification according to EN ISO 3449Adjustable joysticksNo high pressure hoses in the operator’s compartment Inclinometers to indicate operating angle Emergency exitFloor washable with water to reduce dustThree-point contact access system with replaceable and colour coded handles and steps 12 V outputRemote circuit breaker switchHYDRAULICSElectrical filling pump for hydraulic oilDoor interlock for brakes and boom, bucket, and steering hydraulics Oil cooler for hydraulic and transmission oil with capability up to 52°C ambient temperature ORFS fittingsMSHA approved hosesHydraulic oil tank capacity 320 l Sight glass for oil level, 2 pcsBUCKET HYDRAULICSThe oil flow from steering hydraulic pump is directed to bucket hydraulics when steering is not used.Joystick bucket and boom control (electric), equipped with piston pump that delivers oil to the bucket hydraulic main valve.Boom system Z-linkLift cylinders 160 mm, 2 pcs Dump cylinder200 mm, 1 pc Main valveOpen center typePump for bucket hydraulicsPiston type, LS controlledOPERATOR’S SEAT Low frequency suspension Standard Height adjustment Standard Adjustment according to the operator’s weight Standard Padded and adjustable arm rests Standard Two-point seat beltStandardAdjustable lumbar support With cabin option only Selectable damping With cabin option only Fore-aft isolationWith cabin option onlyTS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC3 / 9DOCUMENTATIONSTANDARD MANUALS Operator’s Manual English and other EU languages Maintenance Manual English and other EU languages Parts Manual English Service and Repair ManualEnglish, RussianT oolMan 2 x USB stick in pdf format, includes all the manuals DecalsEnglish, Swedish, RussianOPTIONSSafety cabin, 2-point seatbelt, corner light, ROPS/FOPS and air conditioning unit.Cabin lift kit (150 mm)Disabled 4th gear (mandatory in EU)Line of sight radio remote control (HBC, CAN)Fire suppression system ANSUL, 2 tanks, 8 nozzles (CE), including auto shutdown (not for automation)Fire suppression system ANSUL, 2 tanks, 8 nozzles (CE), Checkfire, including auto shutdown Safety railsEmergency steering (CE)AutoMine ® Loading Onboard PackageAutoMine ® Loading readiness Electric motor 132 kW 660V/50Hz Supply box (IT)Supply box (TNS)Round cable, NEXANS RHEYCORD(RTS), 4x50 mm2, 330 m (1000V)Round cable, NEXANS RHEYCORD(RTS), 4x70 mm2, 280 m (660V)1000VAC 340m KA certified trailing cable (340m 4x50) for China 1000VAC 280m KA certified trailing cable (280m 4x50) for China 660VAC 250m KA certified trailing cable (250m 4x70) for China VICTOR plug for supply box Monitoring camera system Additional cabin heater element for air conditioningCover grills for lamps Spare rim 22.00-25/3.0 (for tires 26.5-25)Tyres 29.5x25 VSDTBoom suspension (ride control)Wiggins quick filling set for oils Integrated weighing systemT owing kit (incl. emergency steering hydraulic pump)CE Declaration of conformityAccordance with KA requirements for Chinese marketINCLUDED SAFETY FEATURESFIRE SAFETYPortable fire extinguisher 12 kg (CE)ENERGY ISOLATIONLockable main switch, ground level accessEmergency stop push buttons according to EN ISO 13850: 1 pc in cabin, 2 pcs in rearAutomatic discharge for pressure accumulators (brake system and pilot circuit)Frame articulation locking device Mechanical boom locking device Wheel chocks and bracketsELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTMAIN COMPONENTS Batteries 2 x 12 V, 56 Ah, Gelled-electrolyte typeDriving lights LED lights:4 pcs in front 4 pcs in rear 4 pcs in cabinWorking lightsLED light, 1 pc under boom Parking, brake and indicator (blinkers) lights LED lights:2 pcs in front, LED lights 2 pcs in rear, LED lightsControl system 5,7’’ color display, 6 modules, inbuilt system diagnosticsReverse alarm (CE)Flashing beaconElectronically controlled cable reeling Cable anchoring unit Cable shock absorberTS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC4 / 9Loaded Percent grade 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.08.010.012.514.317.0Ratio1:121:101:81:71st gear (km/h) 4.03.93.83.83.7 3.63.43.33.12nd gear (km(h)7.16.86.66.25.75.24.4 3.9 3.33rd gear (km/h)12.111.29.88.0 6.34th gear (km/h)20.515.610.2GRADE PERFORMANCE AC 132 kW Empty Percent grade 0.0 2. 0 4.0 6.08.010.012.514.317.0Ratio1:121:101:81:71st gear (km/h) 4.14.03.93.83.8 3.73.63.63.52nd gear (km(h)7.17.06.86.66.36.05.65.2 4.63rd gear (km/h)12.311.711.09.98.67.35.84th gear (km/h)21.318.614.410.6TS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC5 / 9DIMENSIONS WITH 5.4m3 GET BUCKET (STANDARD)The dimensions are indicative onlyTS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC 6 / 9DIMENSIONSStandardBucket alternatives (m³) 4.6 m³ 5.0 m³ 5.4 m³ 6.2 m³7.0 m³Material broken density (kg/m³)max. 3200 kg/m³max. 2900 kg/m³max. 2600 kg/m³max. 2200 kg/m³max. 1900 kg/m³Lip plate type GET GET GET GET GETL1 (mm)1107511193113091147911494L2 (mm)1080010881109601107711087L3 (mm)1040210578105781070610719L4 (mm)32673348342735442708L5 (mm)18001800180018001800L6 (mm)18501850185018501850L7 (mm)38833883388338833883L8 (mm)24082502259527302742L9 (mm)30103128324334133429L10 (mm)26902770284829622971H1, CC517 (mm)25452545254525452545H1, OC410 (mm)25592559255925592559H2 (mm)19131913191319131913H3 (mm)425425425425425H4 (mm) 425425425425425H5 (mm)850850850850850H6 (mm)10701148114813351344H7 (mm)15021588167317901808H8 (mm)26642596252324202411H9 (mm)36993699369936993700H10 (mm)40804080408040804080H11 (mm)51895277536354895494W1 (mm)28972897289728973098W2 (mm)27662766276627663066W3 (mm)25812581258125812581W4 (mm)28192819281928192819A1 10°10°10°10°10°A242.5°42.5°42.5°42.5°42.5°R1, left turn (mm)31553155315531553155R2, left turn (mm)68606898693569927123T, left turn (mm)46294667470447324892R1, right turn (mm)33623362336233623362R2, right turn (mm)68606898693569927123T, right turn (mm)44824520455846144745TS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC7 / 9DIMENSIONSBucket alternatives (m³) 4.6 m³ 5.0 m³ 5.4 m³ 6.2 m³7.0 m³Material broken density (kg/m³)max. 3400 kg/m³max. 3100 kg/m³max. 2800 kg/m³max. 2400 kg/m³max. 2000 kg/m³Lip plate type Bare Lip Bare Lip Bare Lip Bare Lip Bare LipL1 (mm)1113811253113691153911564L2 (mm)1080610885109651108211098L3 (mm)1048510572106601078810808L4 (mm)32733353343235493565L5 (mm)18001800180018001800L6 (mm)18501850185018501850L7 (mm)38833883388338833883L8 (mm)24912583267628112831L9 (mm)30693185330134713496L10 (mm)26952773285129652981H1, CC517 (mm)25452545254525452545H1, OC410 (mm)25592559255925592559H2 (mm)19131913191319131913H3 (mm)425425425425425H4 (mm) 425425425425425H5 (mm)850850850850850H6 (mm)10731149122513371352H7 (mm)15861670175418781897H8 (mm)26662596252624232409H9 (mm)37473747374737473749H10 (mm)40804080408040804080H11 (mm)52735359544455705590W1 (mm)28482848284828483000W2 (mm)27002700270027003000W3 (mm)25812581258125812581W4 (mm)28192819281928192819A1 10°10°10°10°10°A242,5°42,5°42,5°42,5°42,5°R1, left turn (mm)31553155322931553155R2, left turn (mm)68136850686569447075T, left turn (mm)45824619458247134844R1, right turn (mm)33623362336233623380R2, right turn (mm)68136850688769447010T, right turn (mm)44354472451045664620TS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC8 / 9TS3-LH514E-20/ENG/METRIC9 / 9T S 3-L H 514E -20/E N G /M E T R I C © S a n d v i k M i n i n g a n d R o c k T e c h n o l o g y 2017 S A N D V I K i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o w n e d b y S a n d v i k I n t e l l e c t u a l P r o p e r t y A B i n S w e d e n a n d o t h e r c o u n t r i eSandvik Mining and Rock Technology reserves the right to make changes to the information on this data sheet without prior notification to users. Please contact a Sandvik representative for clarification on specifications and options.。
基于物联网技术的智能家居椅控制系统设计
第42卷第1期2021年1月白动化仪表PROCESS A U T O M A T I O N INSTRUMENTATIONVol. 42 No. 1Jan. 2021基于物联网技术的智能家居椅控制系统设计赵跃鹏，杨承翰，杨金林，高兴文，陈佳欢(浙江理工大学机械与自动控制学院，浙江杭州313018)摘要:针对国内外智能家居椅控制系统二次开发难度大、接口兼容性差等问题，基于物联网技术，对现有智能家居椅控制系统进行 了二次开发。
采用S T M32控制器对智能家居椅控制系统的输入输出接口进行扩展，引人压力传感器、S型称重传感器、光电探测器对 家居椅各个执行机构进行监测，开发了基于Java语言的微信客户端应用（A P P)程序，实现了智能家居椅捶背力度调节、复合机构助 起、阅读灯亮度调节等远程智能操控。
智能家居椅捶背控制试验表明，捶背次数控制成功率约85. 49%，捶背力度控制成功率约86. 50%。
复合机构助起试验表明，助起控制成功率约90%。
阅读灯亮度调节试验表明，亮度调节成功率可达88. 46%，系统可控性较 高。
采用物联网技术对智能家居椅控制系统进行了创新性设计，二次开发的控制系统可为互联网+智能家居的设计提供参考。
关键词：家居椅；S T M32;压力传感器；称重传感器；光电探测器；Java语言；微信客户端A P P;物联网；智能家居中图分类号：TH239 文献标志码：A D0I ：10. 16086/j. cnki. issn 1000-0380. 2020060068Design of Intelligent Home Chair Control SystemBased on Internet of Things TechnologyZHAO Yuepeng,YANG Chenghan,YANG Jinlin,G A O Xingwen,CHEN Jiahuan(School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 313018,China)Abstract：With the considerable difficulty on the secondary development and poor interface compatibility,etc. of smart home control system at home and abroad,the research and development(R&D)i s adopted according to the technology of the internet of things. The S T M32 controller i s applied for the control system of smart home chair in order to extend I/O interface. In which,the pressure sensor,S weighing sensor and photodetector are used for the measurement of the actuator systems in the smart home chair. W h a t’s more,WeChat client application (A P P)i s designed based on Java language,which can realize the intelligent control of the strength for the back knocking, assistant for standing-up and adjustment for reading brightness. The control performance experimental tests for smart home chair are carried out. The success control rate for back knocking and strength control i s about 85. 49% and 86. 5%,and the success control rate for standing-up assistant i s about 90%,and the success control rate for adjustment of reading brightness i s about 88.46%. This shows that the designed control system for smart home chair has the advantage of high controllability. The creative design for the control system of smart home chair based on the technology of the internet of things can provide a reference for the design of Intemet+ intelligent home.K e y w o r d s：Smart home chair； S T M32； Pressure sensor； Weighting sensor； Photodetector； Java language； WeChat client A P P；Internet of things；Intelligent home〇引言近年来，互联网的发展带动了物联网、人工智能行 业的兴起和流行11]。
控制原理专业词汇
自动控制automatic control；cybernation自动控制系统automatic control system自动控制理论automatic control theory经典控制理论classical control theory现代控制理论modern control theory智能控制理论intelligent control theory开环控制open-loop control闭环控制closed-loop control输入量input输出量output给定环节given unit/element比较环节comparing unit/element放大环节amplifying unit/element执行环节actuating unit/element控制环节controlling unit/element被控对象(control) plant反馈环节feedback unit/element控制器controller扰动/干扰perturbance/disturbance前向通道forward channel反馈通道feedback channel恒值控制系统constant control system随动控制系统servo/drive control system程序控制系统programmed control system连续控制系统continuous control system离散控制系统discrete control system线性控制系统linear control system非线性控制系统nonlinear control system定常/时不变控制系统time-invariant control system 时变控制系统time-variant control system稳定性stability快速性rapidity准确性accuracy数学模型mathematical model微分方程differential equation非线性特性nonlinear characteristic线性化处理linearization processing泰勒级数Taylor series传递函数transfer function比例环节proportional element积分环节integrating element一阶惯性环节first order inertial element二阶惯性环节second order inertial element二阶震荡环节second order oscillation element微分环节differentiation element一阶微分环节first order differentiation element二阶微分环节second order differentiation element 延迟环节delay element动态结构图dynamic structure block串联环节serial unit并联环节parallel unit信号流图signal flow graph梅逊增益公式mason’s gain formula时域分析法time domain analysis method性能指标performance index阶跃函数step function斜坡函数ramp function抛物线函数parabolic function /acceleration function 冲击函数impulse function正弦函数sinusoidal function动态/暂态响应transient response静态/稳态响应steady-state response延迟时间delay time上升时间rise time峰值时间peak time调节时间settling time最大超调量maximum overshoot稳态误差steady-state error无阻尼undamping欠阻尼underdamping过阻尼overdamping特征根eigen root极点pole零点zero实轴real axis虚轴imaginary axis稳态/静态分量steady-state component瞬态/暂态/动态分量transient component运动模态motion mode衰减attenuation系数coefficient初相角initial phase angle响应曲线response curve主导极点dominant pole劳斯稳定判据Routh stability criterionS平面S plane胡尔维茨稳定判据Hurwitz stability criterion测量误差measurement error扰动误差agitation error结构性误差structural error偏差deviation根轨迹root locus常规根轨迹routine root locus根轨迹方程root locus equation幅值magnitude幅角argument对称性symmetry分离点separation point会合点meeting point渐近线asymptote出射角emergence angle入射角incidence angle广义根轨迹generalized root locus零度根轨迹zero degree root locus偶极子dipole频域分析法frequency-domain analysis method频率特性frequency characteristic极坐标系polar coordinate system直角坐标系rectangular coordinate system幅频特性magnitude-frequency characteristic相频特性phase-frequency characteristic幅相频率特性magnitude-phase frequency characteristic最小相位系统minimum phase system非最小相位系统nonminimum phase system奈奎斯特稳定判据Nyquist stability criterion伯德定理Bode theorem稳定裕度stability margin幅值裕度magnitude margin相位/相角裕度phase margin对数幅频特性log magnitude-frequency characteristic无阻尼自然震荡角频率undamped oscillation angular frequency 阻尼震荡角频率damped oscillation angular frequency阻尼角damping angle带宽频率bandwidth frequency穿越/截止频率crossover/cutoff frequency谐振峰值resonance peak系统校正system compensation超前校正lead compensation滞后校正lag compensation自激震荡self-excited oscillation死区特性dead zone characteristic饱和特性saturation characteristic间隙特性backlash characteristic描述函数法describing function method相平面法phase plane method采样控制系统sampling control system 数字控制系统digital control system频谱frequency spectrum采样定理sampling theorem信号重现signal recurrence拉氏变换Laplace transformZ变换Z transform终值定理final-value theorem差分方程difference equation迭代法iterative method脉冲传递函数pulse transfer function零阶保持器zero-order holder映射mapping方框图block diagram伯德图Bode diagram特征方程characteristic equation可控性controllability临界阻尼critical damping阻尼常数damping constant阻尼比damping ratio初始状态initial state初值定理initial-value theorem反Z变换inverse Z-transformation负反馈negative feedback正反馈positive feedback尼科尔斯图Nichols chart部分分式展开partial fraction expansion 幅角原理argument principle相对稳定性relative stability共振频率resonant frequency劳斯表Routh tabulation/array奇点singularity渐进稳定性asymptotic stability控制精度control accuracy临界稳定性critical stability耦合coupling解耦decoupling。
汽车车灯智能控制系统毕业设计方案
本科生毕业设计(论文)学院：____________________ 专业：____________________ 学生：_____________________ 指导教师：_____________________汽车车灯智能控制系统设计完成日期年月汽车车灯智能控制系统设计Design of Intelligent Control System for Automobile Lamp汽车车灯智能控制系统设计总计：24页表格：1个插图：18幅汽车车灯智能控制系统设计Design of Intelligent Control System for Automobile Lamp学院：_______________________________专业：_______________________________学生姓名：_______________________________学号：_______________________________指导教师（职称）：________________________评阅教师：完成日期：汽车车灯智能控制系统设计电气工程及其自动化专业［摘要］本系统是基于单片机控制的汽车车灯智能系统，模拟并显示出汽车驾驶过程的灯光控制。
其中主要包括汽车的远近光灯的模拟显示。
具体是通过单片机板上的超声波测距模块和光线感应模块来控制LED灯的亮灭显示状态。
在本设计过程中，通过使用单片机来控制车灯的状态，并把模拟信息在LCD上显示出来，以此加强了对单片机的了解和使用。
［关键词］单片机；电路基础；汽车车灯控制系统；LED灯Design of Intelligent Control System for Automobile LampElectrical Engineering and Automation Specialty LI Lin-jieAbstract: This system is the intelligent automobile lamp based on MCU control system simulation and to show the car driving lights control. Including the car made a left turn as far as light, brake and alarm switch, analog display. Is controlled by switching actions of the MCU Board LED lights shows a left turn, right turn, brake and other corresponding State. During the design process, through the use of Protel drawing schematics, makes the circuit more intuitive and deepened understanding of Protel application.Key words: Microcontroller。
智能控制技术就业前景英语作文
智能控制技术就业前景英语作文The major of ICT:Intelligent Control Technology is the product of the combination of mechanical and electronic engineering Technology and Intelligent Control expertise.It applies theories such as fuzzy Control,neural network Control and chaos Control to electromechanical engineering practice,including the design and simulation of Intelligent systems.Intelligent system maintenance,system operation,test analysis and management.Career prospects for Intelligent Control Technology majors in 2022"Made in China 2025"action program,indicated that domestic be badly in need of a large number of professional talents with advanced manufacturing technology,such asmechanical,electrical,processing and manufacturing industry,intelligent control technology in productdesign,production,transformation,technicalsupport,professional and intelligent control field,equipment installation,commissioning,maintenance,sales,management,etc .Need to have mechanical design and manufacturing,intelligent automation control professional knowledge and practicalability of talents,especially need to have innovation ability with network,intelligent,information knowledge of talents.The most important is the basic course of control and professional courses,the basic course of control is control theory,generally open ordinary differential equations and automatic control theory.Professional course nature is computer control principle and intelligent control.The mathematical basis of computer control principle is discrete mathematics.In fact,it is to make the content of control theory into discrete values,which are calculated by computers.It is mainly the mathematical basis of difference equations,signals and systems,and the application basis of controltheory.Intelligent control is more mature fuzzycontrol,artificial neural network control and expert system.The foundation of mathematics,as the name implies,is fuzzy mathematics.Engineering theory is also based on control theory.Said and what you are learning and employment prospect is clear:all used to control science is your place,foreground is very good and very wide,control science everywhere,from the private sector to the institute and even some departments can,companies like huawei the wasa many positions this year can reach 10000 after tax.Finally GIVE A PIECE OF advice:FUZZYMATHEMATICS DO NOT WANT TO LEARN CONFUSED MATHEMATICS,DISCRETE MATHEMATICS do NOT WANT to learn SCATTERED MATHEMATICS,WORK IS THE most REALISTIC DISCIPLINE,ability IS THE MOST important,CAN DO HOW MUCH WORK TO take how much money is TRUE portrayal.Mainly in the sensor and intelligentinstrument,intelligent control and intelligentsystem,photoelectric tracker intelligent control,chemical intelligent information engineering,intelligentbuilding,intelligent control system,intelligent decision support system,intelligent structural mechanics and electromagnetic medium mechanics,intelligent manufacturing,intelligent rehabilitationequipment,intelligent agriculture,intelligent power,business intelligence,intelligent household and other fields,He is engaged in scientific research,development anddesign,engineering application of intelligentsystem,intelligent information processing,intelligent behavior decision making and so on.智能控制技术(ICT:Intelligent Control Technology)专业是机械电子工程技术与智能控制专业知识相结合的产物，将模糊控制、神经网络控制、混沌控制等理论应用于机电工程实际，包括对智能系统的设计与仿真，智能系统维护、系统运行、试验分析与管理。
(完整word)养鸡场的智能控制系统
天津职业技术师范大学Tianjin University of Technology and Education 毕业设计专业：应用电子技术教育班级学号: 应电0914 – 31学生姓名：曹烨玲指导教师：高凤友副教授二〇一四年六月天津职业技术师范大学本科生毕业论文养鸡场智能控制系统设计Design of Farms Intelligent Control System专业班级：应用电子技术教育学生姓名：曹烨玲指导教师：高凤友副教授学院：电子工程学院2014 年 6 月摘要随着社会的不断进步，科学技术的不断提高，智能化已经逐渐占领市场，比如智能家居、智能温室大棚、智能机器人等，自动化、机械化、智能化的设备已逐渐代替了传统的体力劳作成为新型的劳动力,这种劳动力使人们的生活更加便利,也在一定程度上减少了人们的工作量，节约了大量时间.所以养鸡场的智能控制就体现了智能化的优势，它通过控制、监测鸡场内环境的温湿度、明亮程度、以及水和料的有无，来帮助我们更好的管理鸡场,提高了生产效率,均衡了市场禽类的销售。
本设计以ARM芯片STM32作为系统的主控芯片，外围电路有包块温室度检测模块、AD采光模块、红外检测模块、报警模块、料袋检测模块、换气模块。
主要功能是通过检测场内的温湿度，看看是不是适合鸡成长,温度以及湿度过高时可以开通风口（打开换气风扇）对其进行降温排湿；养鸡场喂食和添水是一个量很大的工作，所以针对这种情况添加了半自动喂食饮水功能，水盆的水没有满时会自动加满，当料袋子没有料时报警提示，让主人换料袋(这种喂料方式不是适合所有形式的鸡场)；当然，小鸡作为一个活的动物,难以避免会飞出或者跳出所呆区域,当出现这种情况时，红外报警防护就开启了，提醒主人有鸡飞出，及时抓取放回原处.关键词：STM32；采光温湿度；红外检测；报警系统ABSTRACTWith the continuous progress of society，science and technology, continuous improvement and intelligent has gradually dominate the market, such as smart home , smart greenhouse, intelligent robots , automation, mechanization ， intelligent devices has gradually replaced the traditional manual labor to become the new labor ， this labor force to make people's lives more convenient ， but also reduces the workload of the people to some extent , saving a lot of time . So intelligent control chicken farm embodies an intelligent advantage by controlling ， monitoring the temperature and humidity within the farm environment , bright degree ， as well as the presence or absence of water and materials , to help us better manage farms to improve production efficiency ， balancing the sales market poultry 。
基于PID控制的温度控制系统
摘要随着控制理论和电子技术的发展，工业控制器的适应能力增强和高度智能化正逐步成为现实。
其中以单片机为核心实现的数字控制器因其体积小、成本低、功能强、简便易行而得到广泛应用。
PID温度控制器作为一种重要的控制设备，在化工、食品等诸多工业生产过程中得到了广泛的应用。
本文主要讨论在过程控制中得到广泛应用的数字PID控制在单片机温度控制系统中的应用。
本文详细阐述了基于PID控制的温度控制系统的硬件组成、软件设计及相关的接口电路设计。
并且充分考虑了系统的可靠性，采取了相应的措施予以保证。
针对控制对象的特点，在系统辨识的基础上对系统的控制算法进行了仿真研究，并在单片机系统中实现了控制算法。
最后针对温控系统进行了实验，通过对实验数据的分析表明本文所述的基于PID控制的温度控制系统的设计的合理性和有效性。
关键词:单片机,温度控制,数字PID控制AbstractWith the improvement of control theory and electric technology, the intelligent control for industry has been accomplishing. The digital controller based on Microcontroller has been applied widely, as its cabinet cubage, low-cost, abundant function, simple and convenient. PID temperature controller, as an important control device, has been widely used in producing chemical products, foods and many other fields. The paper mainly introduces the application of the digital PID control algorithm, which, at present, is popularly used in digital control system, in Microcontroller temperature control system.The hardware and software of the temperature control system and the design of relevant interface circuit are described in this paper. The reliability of the system is specially considered, and a series of measures are realized. According to the difficulty to control of the system, methods of system control are analyzed based on the system identification, and realized the control algorithm in the Microcontroller system. The experiment data shows that the design of temperature control system based on Microcontroller is availability and rationality.Key words: Microcontroller, Temperature Control System, digital PID control目录摘要 (Ⅰ)Abstract (Ⅱ)第一章绪论 (1)1.1 概述 (1)1.2 温度测控技术的发展与现状 (1)1.2.1 定值开关控温法 (2)1.2.2 PID线性控温法 (2)1.2.3智能温度控制法 (3)1.3 系统总体设计方案 (3)1.3.1 系统性能要求及特点 (3)1.3.2 系统硬件方案分析 (4)1.3.3 系统软件方案分析 (5)1.4 本文主要工作及章节安排 (6)1.4.1 本文主要工作 (6)1.4.2 本文结构安排 (6)第二章系统硬件设计 (7)2.1 系统硬件总体结构 (7)2.2 主控模块器件选型及设计 (7)2.2.1 单片机的选用 (7)2.2.2 单片机介绍 (8)2.2.3 主控模块设计 (9)2.3 输入通道设计 (10)2.3.1 Pt100温度传感器 (10)2.3.2 A/D转换 (12)2.4 输出通道设计 (14)2.4.1 温控箱的功率调节方式 (14)2.4.2 可控硅输出电路 (15)2.5 键盘电路设计 (17)2.6 显示电路设计 (18)2.7 保护电路设计 (19)2.8 硬件抗干扰措施 (20)第三章系统软件设计 (21)3.1 软件设计思想 (21)3.2 软件组成 (22)3.3 主程序模块 (22)3.4 数据采集模块 (23)3.5 数据处理模块 (24)3.5.1 数字滤波 (24)3.5.2 显示处理 (26)3.6 软件抗干扰措施 (26)第四章系统控制方案 (27)4.1 PID控制 (27)4.1.1 PID控制的发展 (27)4.1.2 PID控制理论 (27)4.1.3 PID控制算法 (28)4.2 温控箱数学模型的确定 (29)4.2.1 温控箱特性分析 (31)4.2.2 温控箱数学模型的辨识 (31)4.3 PID控制参数整定 (33)4.4 MATLAB仿真 (33)第五章结论 (35)5.1 总结 (35)5.2 展望 (35)参考文献 (37)致谢 (38)附录A (39)附录B (42)附录C (43)附录D (45)插图清单图2.1 硬件总体结构框图 (7)图2.2 AT89C52单片机DIP封装的引脚 (9)图2.3 复位电路和时钟电路 (9)图2.4 铂电阻温度传感器采样电路 (10)图2.5 AD7705引脚图 (13)图2.6 A/D转换电路 (14)图2.7 相位控制调功电压波形 (14)图2.8 通断控制调功电压波形 (15)图2.9 交流SSR工作原理框图 (16)图2.10 可控硅输出电路 (17)图2.11 键盘电路 (18)图2.12 显示电路 (19)图2.13 保护电路 (19)图3.1 前后台系统 (22)图3.2 主程序流程图 (23)图3.3 数据采集模块程序流程图 (23)图3.4 A/D转换程序流程图 (23)图3.5 去极值平均滤波程序流程图 (25)图4.1 PID控制系统原理框图 (27)图4.2 增量式PID控制算法程序流程图 (29)图4.3 通断时间比为10%的响应曲线 (32)图4.4 通断时间比为30%的响应曲线 (32)图4.5 PID控制仿真的Simulink框图 (33)图4.6 阶跃信号曲线 (34)图4.7 阶跃、误差响应曲线 (34)第一章绪论1.1 概述温度是生活及生产中最基本的物理量，它表征的是物体的冷热程度。
智能控制技术面试的英语自我介绍
智能控制技术面试的英语自我介绍英文回答：Hello, my name is [your name], and I am excited to be interviewing for the Intelligent Control Technologyposition at your esteemed company. With my strong academic background in computer science and control systems, coupled with my practical experience in developing and implementing intelligent control solutions, I am confident that I possess the skills and expertise required to excel in this role.Throughout my academic career, I have consistently achieved top marks in coursework related to intelligent control, including courses in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and control theory. I have also conducted extensive research in the field, focusing on the development of novel control algorithms for complex systems. My research has been published in several peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.In addition to my academic pursuits, I have gained valuable hands-on experience in the development and implementation of intelligent control solutions through my internships and work experience. At [company name], I played a key role in the development of a real-time control system for an autonomous vehicle. This system utilized a combination of machine learning and control theory to enable the vehicle to navigate dynamic environments safely and efficiently.Furthermore, I am proficient in a variety of programming languages and software tools commonly used in intelligent control development, including Python, MATLAB, and Simulink. I am also familiar with the latest advancements in the field, such as deep learning and reinforcement learning, and I am eager to apply these techniques to solve real-world problems.I am a highly motivated and results-oriented individual with a strong work ethic. I am also a team player who is able to effectively collaborate with others to achievecommon goals. I am confident that I can make a significant contribution to your team and help your company achieve its strategic objectives.Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further and demonstrate how my skills and experience can benefit your organization.中文回答：大家好，我叫 [你的名字]，很荣幸能够参加贵公司智能控制技术岗位的面试。
智能化控制系统在散粮装火车中的应用
粮食机械Food Processing Machinerydoi:10.16736/41-1434/ts.2022.16.004智能化控制系统在散粮装火车中的应用Application of Intelligent Control System for Bulk Grain Train◎ 王 家（连云港东粮码头有限公司，江苏 连云港 222000）WANG Jia(Lianyungang Dongliang Seaport Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222000, China)摘 要：随着工业自动化和信息化的快速发展，工业机器人、物联网、大数据等新技术逐渐深入各行各业，对各领域造成深远的影响，极大地提高了生产效率，使生产管理更加智能、简单、科学。
码头自动化、智能化、无人化已经成为发展趋势，代表未来发展方向的“无人”码头已经成为现实。
本系统实现散粮装火车智能化控制，进行火车编号自动识别、智能检测与火车牵引，装车斗秤控制及伸缩溜筒控制，配套管理系统等功能，实现了装火车远程智能控制，降低了各级管理及工作人员的劳动强度，促进港口散粮装火车智能化工艺及技术的提升。
关键词：识别；牵引控制；斗秤控制；溜筒控制；管理系统Abstract：With the rapid development of industrial automation and information technology, new technologies such as industrial robotics, Internet of Things and big data are gradually penetrating into all walks of life, causing far-reaching impacts in all fields and greatly improving production efficiency, make production management more intelligent, simple and scientific. Terminal automation, intelligence, unmanned has become the trend of development, on behalf of the future direction of development, “Unmanned” terminal has become a reality. The system realizes intelligent control of bulk grain loading train, automatic identification of train number, intelligent detection and traction of train, control of loading hopper scale, control of telescopic chute, supporting management system and so on, realizing remote intelligent control of loading train, it reduces the labor intensity of the management and staff at all levels, and promotes the improvement of the intelligent process and technology of the port bulk grain loading train.Keywords：identification; traction control; loading hopper scale control; chute control; management system中图分类号：U2941 项目背景公司的主要业务为仓储及货物装卸，在未实现智能化装火车系统前，火车装车的作业模式是人工控制铁牛牵引火车到达装车楼下、人工控制料斗秤下料、人工实现火车的移动以便火车舱内装满货物、人工实现火车顶部物料的抹平操作、手工记录火车车厢编号，录入装车重量等信息，这些人工操作存在效率低下，人力成本较高，信息无法有效跟踪和追溯等问题。
Intelligent Control Systems
Intelligent Control SystemsIntelligent control systems are a type of technology that allows for automated decision-making and control in various applications. These systems are designed to learn from their environment and adapt to changes, making them incredibly useful in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. However, there are also concerns about the potential risks and ethical considerations surrounding the use ofintelligent control systems.One perspective on intelligent control systems is that they are a necessary and beneficial tool for improving efficiency and productivity in various industries. For example, in manufacturing, intelligent control systems can help optimize production processes, reduce waste, and improve product quality. In transportation, these systems can assist with traffic management and improve safety on the roads. In healthcare, intelligent control systems can help with patient monitoring and diagnosis, leading to more accurate and timely treatment.Another perspective on intelligent control systems is that they pose potential risks and ethical concerns. One concern is the possibility of job displacement as these systems become more advanced and capable of performing tasks traditionally done by humans. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security as these systems collect and analyze large amounts of data. There is also the risk of unintended consequences or errors in decision-making, which could have serious consequences in industries such as healthcare or transportation.A third perspective on intelligent control systems is that they require careful regulation and oversight to ensure their safe and ethical use. This includes developing standards for data privacy and security, as well as ensuring that these systems are transparent and accountable in their decision-making processes. It also involves considering the potentialsocial and economic impacts of these systems, such as job displacement, and developing strategies to address these issues.Despite the potential risks and ethical considerations, there is no doubt that intelligent control systems will continue to play an increasingly important role in various industries. As such, it is crucial that we approach their development and implementation with caution and careful consideration. By doing so, we can ensure that these systems are used in a way that benefits society as a whole, while minimizing the potential risks and negative impacts.。
智能设备控制系统设计-烟草分发中心仓库基于工业控制器PCC说明书
Lighting Control System Design of Tobacco Distribution Center Warehouse Based on IndustrialController PCCQingsheng Shi1, Hongchun Hu2,* and Ke Lu11College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China2Staff Development Institute of China, Nation Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450003, China*Corresponding authorAbstract—With the large scale and multi-function of the warehouse of the tobacco distribution center, its energy consumption is very huge, and the energy saving potential is significant. As one of the main power system of tobacco distribution center, lighting system is still controlled by manual mode, which cannot meet the development needs of the current intelligent and energy-saving warehouse. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an intelligent and efficient lighting control system for tobacco distribution center warehouse. In this paper, based on the industrial controller PCC and automation project software Studio Automation, with a tobacco distribution center as an example, the intelligent warehouse lighting control system is developed. Through the hardware selection and software design, the control of the lighting system is realized. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the design.Keywords-tobacco distribution; industry controller; lightning system; intelligenceI.I NTRODUCTIONIn recent years, State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau has been trying to speed up the implementation effect of emission reduction projects, to strengthen energy management, strengthen the key energy using units of energy-saving management, continue to promote energy-saving emission reduction work level [1], the comprehensive construction of a resource-saving and environment friendly type tobacco industry.Tobacco distribution center warehouse is a key link in tobacco production and circulation. It integrates the functions of cigarette storage management, sorting operation, distribution service, equipment application, information processing, logistics support and so on. With the large scale and multi function of the warehouse of the tobacco distribution center, the energy consumption is very huge, and the energy saving potential is significant. As one of the main power system of tobacco distribution center, lighting system is still controlled by manual mode, which can not meet the development needs of the current intelligent and energy-saving warehouse. J. Ran proposed applications of LED lighting lamps in tobacco industry energy saving reconstruction, and got a remarkable energy saving and emission reduction effect in [2]. Based on the industrial controller PCC and automation project software Automation Studio, design of tobacco distribution center warehouse lighting control system is discussed in the paper.II.H ARDWARE S YSTEM D ESIGNA.Type Selection of Industrial ControllerIndustrial controller (PCC) is a new type of qualitative time multitask PLC, which is designed by B&R for applications in industrial environment [3]. It has all functions of traditional PLC. At the same time, it also has options available to a variety of high-level language programming environment, incorporates the latest IT network technology, with more powerful network communication ability, mathematical ability, anti-interference capability and control capability, which represents the direction of future development of PLC. According to the requirements of the design, X20 series PCC X20CP1484-1 is chosen as CPU, as shown in figure 1. The X20 connection mode is the slot mode, which can be quickly installed without tools. When in use, user can insert the appropriate cable into the connecting hole. Users can also remove the terminal from the module, the line will be connected to the next, and then insert the module. This way makes the connection convenient, fast and highsecurity.FIGURE I. X20CP1484-1 PCCB.I/O Module SelectionB&R X20 PCC I/O modules consists of digital input modules, digital output modules, digital mixed modules, analog input modules, analog output modules, temperature modules, counter modules and other functional modules.Here, X20DI9371 and X20DO9322 are chosen as digital input module and output module, respectively. The DI9371 module is equipped with twelve inputs for 1-wire connections. The DI9371 designed for sink input wiring. The DO9322 module is equipped with twelve outputs for 1-wire connections. The DO9322 designed for source output wiring. Their pinassignments are shown in figure 2 and figure 3.FIGURE II.DI9371 PIN ASSIGNMENTSFIGURE III. DO9322 PIN ASSIGNMENTSC. Type Selection of Illumination MeterIllumination meter is a kind special measuring instrument for photometric and brightness, which is usually composed by selenium light battery or silicon photocell and microampere table composition [4]. The photoelectric sensor elements are used to convert optical signals into electrical signals, and the signals are amplified and converted by A/D, and finally the data is displayed by the digital tube.Type ALPD004101 is used for the Illumination meter. ALPD004101 transmitter uses photosensitive diode sensorcomponents to detect the sensitivity of the environment. It has high precision, strong reliability. Due to the wide range of detection, good stability, it can be applied to the general building indoor, outdoor and other industrial, commercial use. Its input power requirement is 12 ~ 24V DC power, the light measurement range is 0-20000Lux, the output form is 4-20mA current. The physical diagram of the illumination meter is shown in figure 4.FIGURE IV. ILLUMINATION METERD. Touch Screen SelectionThe man-machine operation interface selects B&R 4PP320.1043-31 type touch display screen, the outline is shown in figure 5 the specific parameters as shown in Table 1.FIGURE V. FRONT VIEW OF 4PP320.1043-1TABLE I. PARAMETERS OF 4PP320.1043-1 TYPE TOUCH SCREENFeaturesPower Panel 4PP320.1043-1Type Color TFT Diagonal10.4 in (264 mm)Colors 262144 colorsResolution VGA, 640 x 480 pixelsRated voltage 18 - 30 VDC Rated current 0.63 A Starting current Max. 2.8 A Power consumption Typically 15 W ProtectionIP20 back side IP65 front sideIII. S OFTWARE D ESIGNA. Program FlowThe program design process is shown below:1. Click the start button, the warehouse control system to enter the stage of preparation.2. Choose the lighting control mode, the default to auto mode control. Then, go to the next step; otherwise, enter the manual control mode, the lighting of each region can control alone.3. Under automatic control mode, judge the warehouse is activity or not: if there is no activity, then all the lights set off; if detecting someone in the warehouse, then enter the next step.4. Judge the lighting intensity of each region. If the intensity is satisfied, the lamp group in the corresponding area is closed; if the area of the illumination is not reached, the illumination remains on the open state.B. Human-machine Interface Design Automation Studio software tool is used to design the human-machine interface design of lighting control system [5].It can realize the control, display, motion control andcommunication of product development. Along with the integrated visualization Visual Components, there is aneffective tool in Automation Studio that can be used to a createvisualization of control integrated or remote QVGA to SXGAdisplays with keys and touch screens. Integration of the visualization system in the control means that thecommunication times that are normally required for remote visualization systems are no longer an issue.Interface warehouse is divided into four regions, each region is installed illuminance meter measuring the respective region of light intensity and air conditioning machine is arranged in the warehouse, with a red arrow represents the model of heating, with blue arrows represent the cooling mode. Lighting control mode is set up two, there are manual control and automatic control mode. Manual control, each area is equipped with independent switch control of their respective area lighting. With emergency stop button in case of emergency press emergency stop, ensure safety.The design of the man-machine interface is shown in figure6.FIGURE VI. HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE OF LIGHTINGCONTROL SYSTEMIV. S IMULATION AND A NALYSISIn order to identify the validity of proposed lighting control system, control effects in two modes are respectively studied: automatic mode and manual mode. A. Control Effect in Automatic ModeControl zone of the lighting is set to 151lex~301lex. Light intensity in four areas are respectively set as: 140lex, 350lex, 150lex and 360lex. In area 1 and 2, there is someone activity, while in area 3 and 4, it is set to no activity. The control logic is as shown in Table 2. The corresponding man-machine interface is shown in figure 7.TABLE II. AUTOMATIC MODE LIGHTING CONTROL TABLEArea Light intensity(1511ex-3011ex) People activeLightstatus1 140 <lowerset yes On 2 350 >upper set yes off 3 150 <lower set no off 4 360 >upper set no off B. Control Effect in Manual ModeIn manual mode, you can only control the illuminated part of the four regions of the warehouse and open the buttoncorresponding to the region, region corresponding to the lamp is lit, this time from light pictures of the impact strength,regardless of the light illumination strength is in the appropriate range, regardless of whether the detection to the warehouse activities, as long as in manual mode, only by manual switch control. As shown in figure 8, under the premise of the previous automatic mode, switch to manual mode, respectively, opened the four areas of the lighting switch, the four areas of the lights are lit.FIGURE VII. SYSTEM CONTROL EFFECT IN AUTOMATIC MODEFIGURE VIII. SYSTEM CONTROL EFFECT IN MANUAL MODEThrough the analysis of part A and part B, it is seen that: the design of lighting control system based on industrial controller PCC can achieve the desired control effect.V.C ONCLUSIONSAimed to current traditional control mode of tobacco distribution center warehouse lighting system, a new intelligent distribution center warehouse lighting control system is designed through the selection of hardware and software design. The system uses the high performance industrial controller PCC, the illumination meter and the touch screen, and has made the control interface on the Automation Studio software platform. The simulation results show that the designed lighting control system achieves the expected control effect.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis research was financially supported by the Fundation of 2014 Science and Technology project of Henan tobacco companies (2014-22)REFERENCES[1]S. Zheng. Analysis and Prospect of energy saving technology in tobaccoindustry. Energy Engineering,2015(5):65-68.[2]J. Ran, F. Li. Applications of LED Lighting Lamps in Tobacco IndustryEnergy Saving Reconstruction[J].Light & Lighting, 2012, 36(2):60-62. [3]R.Qi,W.Xiao. Programmable computer controller technology[M].Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2005:39-42.[4]L. Li. Design of wireless illumination meter based on MSP430. Theworld of electronic products,2014,21(12):62-65.[5]Automation Studio./en/products/software/automation-studio/.。
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L TRI ITY On March 31,in accordance with the typical design requirements of the State Grid,the first large electric vehicle (EV)charging station,built by the North China Grid,the Tangshan Nanhu EV Charging Station was completed and formally put into commercial operation.
The station is mainly composed of a distribution station,a charging working area and a business hall,with a total oorage of 2200odd m 2.In the charging station,two large-size DC chargers,eight medium-size DC chargers and ten AC charging piles are erected,where ten electric buses may be charged either in fast charging or in slow charging modes simultaneously.
This station adopts CEV 1000intelligent charging management system,which is developed by the State Grid Electric Power Research Institute as per requirements of Typical Design of EV Charging Facilities published
by the State Grid.By using this system the intelligent control and automation of charging facilities are realized,which achieves the target for economic,safe and efficient operation.
After the station is put into operation,it will provide charging service for 19electric buses on two EV demonstr-ation routes.Tangshan City is promoting and popularizing energy-saving and new energy fueled buses in a large scale.It has started the construction of Caofeidian EV town key project.Along with the Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (Group)and other enterprises moving in,an industrial chain producing from the entire electric vehicle to individual components such as batteries,permanent-magnet motors and intelligent control systems will be formed in this town.By 2015,an annual output of 300-500thousands electric vehicles will be realized.
Ba se d upon the interf ace limits of the pr esent dispatching modes and operation modes,four control modes,i.e.the automatic control mode,the peaking mode,the emergency peaking mode and the emergency control mode,are set in the system to rationally distribute the output of wind power farms,guarantee the stable and reliable operation of Gansu grid in every normal operation mode and outage mode.At the same time the transmitting capacity of the grid can be fully raised so as to make the output of wind power farms maximal and optimal,and hence the full utilization of wind energy resources in Jiuquan is realized.
Jiuquan area is rich in wind energy resources.According to the preliminary estimation,the area with available wind energy amounts to about 10thousands km 2with the exploitable wind power of about 40GW.It is planned that the first 10-GW class wind power base will be built in Jiuquan area.However the Jiajiu grid is located at the terminal of Gansu grid with the power supply distance 600km long.The large-sized intelligent control system for mass wind power will help eliminate the bottleneck for wind power transmission and ensure the secure operation f On March 12,the intelligent control system for mass wind power went into operation in Gansu Province,which brings the transmission capacity of the two 330-kV lines in Gansu Corridor into full play,and increases the utilization hours of the grid-connected wind power farms.
In order to strengthen the dispatching management of the wind farms in this region and take full advantage of the wind energy resources,Gansu Electric Power Corporation began the research and development on the intelligent control system for active wind power since October 2009.Presently the first phase of this system has been basically completed.The company has successfully completed the retrofit of hardware and the upgrading of software in five substations,as well as the installation of active intelligent control equipment.
By monitoring the interfa ce flows a long 330-kV transmission lines,this system performs real-time control on the c urrents of main transformers in Guazhou and Yumen substations,where mass wind power is connected to the grids.It may calculate the transmission margin of some critical 110-kV lines in Jiajiu grid in real time,and consequently,regulate the output of related wind power f。