外研社高中选修6英语课文翻译1-4单元精编
外研社英语选修六课文翻译
第二单元其余部分Introduction 介绍《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》的创作者——C·S·刘易斯（1898——1963）是英国最伟大的魔幻文学家之一，露西发现了冰天雪地的纳尼亚，在那里她和她的两个哥哥和一个妹妹遇见了白女巫。
他们还邂逅了阿斯兰，那头唯一能够打败女巫，重新夺回纳尼亚之夏的狮子。
和阿斯兰在一起，孩子们学会了勇敢与宽恕。
他们经历过大悲大喜，最终学到了智慧。
他们在纳尼亚的时光是每一个孩子梦寐以求的历险。
Extract from The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》节选然后，她看见前面有一道光，离它不远处可以看到魔衣橱的后面，但走起来却很远。
冰冷的柔软的东西不停地落在她身上。
过了一会儿，她发现自己正站在晚间的森林中间，脚下是积雪，雪花在漫天飞舞。
露西有点害怕，但同时她也很好奇，很兴奋。
她扭头向后望去，透过黑色的树干，仍然可看见魔衣橱敞开的门廊，她甚至还能瞥见她走出的那个空房子。
（当然，她一直让门开着，因为他知道把自己关在衣橱里是很傻的。
）那里似乎还是白天。
“如果发生了什么事，我还可以回去，”露西想。
她开始往前走，伴着脚下嘎吱嘎吱的积雪声穿过森林，朝着另一处光亮走去。
大约十分钟之后她到了那里，发现那是一根灯柱。
当她站在那里，看着灯柱是，她开始奇怪：为什么森林中间会有根灯柱，她不知所措，这是她听见劈里啪啦的脚步声，（有人正）朝她走来。
随后一个非常奇怪的人从森林里走到了灯光下。
他只比露西略高一点，头上撑着一把伞，伞上满是雪。
他腰部以上想人，而脚却像山羊腿（腿上是浓重的黑毛），脚步是人脚而是羊蹄。
他还有一条尾巴，露西起初没有注意到，因为它整齐地缠在撑伞的手臂上，免得它拖到雪地上。
他脖子里围着一条红色羊毛围巾，他的的皮肤也略带红。
他有一张奇特却相当好看的小脸，留着短而尖的的胡须和卷曲的头发，前额两侧的毛发里还长着两只角。
外研社高中选修6英语课文翻译1-4单元精编
外研社高中选修6英语课文翻译1-4单元精编Module 1 Book 6How Good Are Your Social Skills?你的社交技能有多高？你是否看见认识的人以后,故意过马路以避免与其说话？你愿意参加聚会并自信的和每位来宾交谈吗？你想结交更多的朋友,但是又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心吗？你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安？别担心——我们能帮助你！如果你具备了良好的社交技能,你就不用担心这样的情景。
而这些技能是很容易学习的。
具有良好社交技能的人能很好的和别人交流并且知道该怎么样说话。
要是预先做点准备,将会对你有所帮助。
下面为你出些主意。
Learn how to small talk学会怎样聊天聊天时很重要的,并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。
准备好！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。
例如：·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃,譬如,一个有关于电影明星或体育明星的故事·想出一些有关于你的学习的事情告诉人们·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐,体育,电影等·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样,你的信心就不会被伤害了！Develop you listening skills提高倾听的技能倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧,而交流时双向的过程——它涉及说和听两个方面。
永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。
下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：Do…做下面的事情……·用一些鼓励的声音或姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑,点头,说一些“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等·保持得体的目光接触·使用积极肯定的肢体语言·询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣．Don't…不要做下面的事情……·看自己的手表·打哈欠·叹气·把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开·改变话题·替别人把话说完要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里的话：“和一个人谈论他自己,他会和你说上几个小时！”Learn the rules学习规则如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合,要记住会有不同的社交规则。
外研版选修6module1课文翻译
Module 1课文翻译How Good Are Your Social Skills 你的社交技能有多好你是否看见认识的人以后，故意过马路以避免与其说话你愿意参加聚会并自信的和每位来宾交谈吗你想结交更多的朋友，但是又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心吗你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安别担心——我们能帮助你！如果你具备了良好的社交技能，你就不用担心这样的情景。
而这些技能是很容易学习的。
具有良好社交技能的人能很好的和别人交流并且知道该怎么样说话。
要是预先做点准备，将会对你有所帮助。
下面为你出些主意。
Learn how to do small talk学会怎样聊天聊天时很重要的，并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。
准备好！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。
例如：•想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃，譬如，一个有关于电影明星或体育明星的故事•想出一些有关于你的学习的事情告诉人们•想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐，体育，电影等•想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样，你的信心就不会被伤害了！Develop you listening skills提高倾听的技能倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流时双向的过程——它涉及说和听两个方面。
永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。
下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：Do…做下面的事情……•用一些鼓励的声音或姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑，点头，说一些“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等•保持得体的目光接触•使用积极肯定的肢体语言•询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣Don’t…不要做下面的事情……•看自己的手表•打哈欠•叹气•把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开•改变话题•替别人把话说完要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明•迪斯累里的话：“和一个人谈论他自己，他会和你说上几个小时！”Learn the rules学习规则如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合，要记住会有不同的社交规则。
高二英语外研版选修6 课本译文
The Cat That Vanished (消失的猫)威尔累得脑子都木了，他本可以继续向北走，也有可能在某棵树下头枕草地昏昏睡去，但是，正当他站在那儿，试图让头脑清醒些的时候，他看见了一只猫。
那是一只母斑猫，就像威尔家的莫克西一样。
它轻轻地走出靠着牛津一侧街道上的一个花园，威尔正站在街边。
他放下购物袋，伸出手，那只猫便跑到他身边，在他的手指间来回蹭起了脑袋，就像莫克西常常做的那样。
当然所有的猫都是那样的，尽管如此，威尔还是渴望回家以至于热泪充满了他的双眼。
终于，那只猫转身跑开了。
正值夜晚，它还要巡视自己的领地，捕捉老鼠。
它轻轻地穿过马路，朝着角树林另一边的灌木丛走去，然后在那儿停了下来。
威尔继续盯着它，这时，他发现猫的举动变得非常奇怪它伸出爪子去拍它前面空气中的某些东西，某种威尔看不见的东西。
然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。
威尔了解猫的习性。
他更加警觉地看着，只见那只猫再次靠近那个地方---角树与花园树篱的灌木丛之间的一块空草地，又拍打了一下那里的空气。
它再次向后一跃，但这次没有跳得那么远，也没有那么害怕了。
于是几秒钟的嗅来嗅去，爪子碰触，胡须抽动，终于好奇心战胜了警惕性。
那只猫向前一迈，然后就消失了。
威尔眨了眨眼睛。
然后他静静地站着，紧靠离他最近的一棵树干，这时一辆卡车转弯驶过来，车灯照到他的身上。
卡车开过去后，他穿过马路，眼睛盯着那只猫一直在打量的地方。
这并不容易，因为他无法把目光集中在某件东西上，但是当他靠近那个地方，设法仔细观察时，他看出了端倪。
终于，他从某些角度看到了。
那儿看上去就像有人在距离路边大约两米的地方将空间切开了一块，它大体呈方形，不到一米宽。
如果你与那块空间处在同等高度，从侧面看你几乎看不到它，从后面则完全看不见它。
只能从最靠近马路的一边看到它，但也很难看清楚，因为透过它，你所看到的一切与这一边完全相同：一片被街灯照亮的草地。
但是威尔深信不疑，另一边的那块草地在一个不同的世界里。
[整理版]高中英语选修6 课文翻译
![[整理版]高中英语选修6 课文翻译](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4842df82bb68a98270fefa42.png)
[整理版]高中英语选修6 课文翻译Module6 unit1艺术西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革，而中国艺术所经历的变革则比较少。
艺术受到人民生活方式和信仰的影响，而中国，和欧洲不同，它的生活方式在很长时期里都是相近的。
西方艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。
因此，本文只谈从公元5世纪以来少数几种主要的艺术风格。
中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。
艺术家们无意于如实地展现自然和人物，却着意体现对上帝的爱戴与敬重，因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。
到13世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。
人们开始更多地关注人而非宗教。
画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。
他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。
富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收集艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画相，画自己的房屋和其它财物，以及他们的活动和成就。
在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。
第一个在绘画中使用透视法的人是马萨乔，那是在1428年。
当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。
如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。
在文艺复兴对期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
许多人从农村迁入到新城市。
有着许多新发明，还有许多社会变革。
这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写景的艺术家。
他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。
由于自然光的变化很快，所以印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了。
高中英语选修六课文逐句翻译(精准版)
选修六Unit1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING西方绘画艺术简史Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. 艺术是受着人民生活习俗和信仰的影响的。
Styles in Western art have changed many times. 西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。
As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。
Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.因此,本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。
The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. 在中世纪,画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。
A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. 一个传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。
A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. 那个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的(象)特征,体现出了对上帝的爱戴与敬重。
外研版高中英语(选修6)课文译文
“埃斯 特,我 想 让 你 见 一 下 我 丈 夫,暠她 说,“查 尔 斯,这
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆 是……暠。
他放下购物袋,伸出 手,那 只 猫 便 跑 到 他 身 边,在 他 的 手 指
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆
埃 斯 特 打 断 她 的 话 说 :“呵 ,原 来 你 和 他 结 婚 了 !暠
间来回蹭起了脑袋,就像莫克西常常做的那样。当然,所 有
Module2暋 奇 幻 文 学
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆 是因为不想让你一辈子都跟着我们干。暠
消失的猫
一次,埃斯特在他们 毕 业 周 年 纪 念 会 上 遇 见 几 个 老 校
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆
威尔累得脑子都木了,他本可以继续向北走,也有可 能
友。她向女主人打招呼。
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆
在某棵树下头枕草 地 昏 昏 睡 去;但 是,正 当 他 站 在 那 儿,试 “你还记得和你 约 会 的 那 个 家 伙 吗? 他 怎 样 啦?暠她 问
的领地,捕捉老鼠。它轻轻地穿过马路,朝着角树林另一 边
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆
如果你不知 道 要 说 什 么,你 可 以 问 他 们 是 做 什 么 的。 我们的工作决定了 我 们 的 身 份,我 们 都 喜 欢 谈 论 我 们 的 职
的 灌 木 丛 走 去 ,然 后 在 那 儿 停 了 下 来 。 威尔继续盯 着 它,这 时,他 发 现 猫 的 举 动 变 得 非 常 奇
图 让 头 脑 清 醒 些 的 时 候 ,他 看 见 一 只 猫 。
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆 道。“你知道的,那个丑陋的家伙。暠
那是一只母斑猫,就 像 威 尔 家 的 莫 克 西 一 样。 它 轻 轻
棆棆棆棆棆棆棆棆
就在这时,一 位 男 士 走 上 前 来 并 站 到 她 朋 友 的 身 边。 地走出靠着牛津一侧街道上的一个花园,威尔正站在街 边。
高中英语选修六课文翻译
目录第一单元： (2)第二单元： (3)第三单元： (6)第四单元： (8)第五单元： (9)西方艺术风格变化较大，而中国艺术风格变化较小。
人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。
中国和欧洲不同，生活方式在长时间里相似。
西方艺术丰富多彩，仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。
所以，本篇课文仅描述了从公元5世纪开始的几种主要风格。
中世纪（公元5世纪到15世纪）在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。
艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。
因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。
到13世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。
画家们回到了罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。
他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。
富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画，画自己的房屋和其他财物，画他们的活动，画他们的成就。
在这个阶段，最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。
在1428年，马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人，当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小孔，来观看真实的情景，并对此深信不疑。
如果没有透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富，更深沉。
印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期）19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
许多人从农村迁入城市。
有着大量的新发明，还有许多社会变革。
这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。
那些打破传统画法的人有在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。
他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影画出来。
由于自然光的变化很快，所以，印象派画家必须很快地作画。
高中英语选修6课文逐句翻译
1.选修六Unit1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING西方绘画艺术简史Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. 艺术是受着人民生活习俗和信仰的影响的。
Styles in Western art have changed many times. 西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。
As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。
Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.因此,本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。
The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) 中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. 在中世纪,画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。
A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. 一个传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。
A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. 那个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的(象)特征,体现出了对上帝的爱戴与敬重。
外研社高中选修6英语课文翻译之欧阳育创编
Module 1 Book 6How Good Are Your Social Skills?你的社交技能有多高？你是否看见认识的人以后，故意过马路以避免与其说话？你愿意参加聚会并自信的和每位来宾交谈吗？你想结交更多的朋友，但是又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心吗？你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安？别担心——我们能帮助你！如果你具备了良好的社交技能，你就不用担心这样的情景。
而这些技能是很容易学习的。
具有良好社交技能的人能很好的和别人交流并且知道该怎么样说话。
要是预先做点准备，将会对你有所帮助。
下面为你出些主意。
Learn how to small talk学会怎样聊天聊天时很重要的，并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。
准备好！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。
例如：·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃，譬如，一个有关于电影明星或体育明星的故事·想出一些有关于你的学习的事情告诉人们·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐，体育，电影等·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样，你的信心就不会被伤害了！Develop you listening skills提高倾听的技能倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流时双向的过程——它涉及说和听两个方面。
永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。
下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：Do…做下面的事情……·用一些鼓励的声音或姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑，点头，说一些“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等·保持得体的目光接触·使用积极肯定的肢体语言·询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣Don’t…不要做下面的事情……·看自己的手表·打哈欠·叹气·把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开·改变话题·替别人把话说完要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里的话：“和一个人谈论他自己，他会和你说上几个小时！”Learn the rules学习规则如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合，要记住会有不同的社交规则。
选修6英语课文及翻译
选修6英语课文及翻译选修6英语课文及翻译导语：选修是新课程标准改革中的一个名词，是课程结构调整中的一种课程类型。
接下来我们一起来看看选修6英语课文及翻译吧！Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方绘画艺术的历史Art is influenced by the customs and of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paintpictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(29th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintingswere controversial, but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exsist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革，而中国艺术所经历的变革则比较少。
外研英语选修6课文原文
外研英语选修6全部阅读课文原文（每个模块4篇）Module 1 Small TalkHow Good Are Your Social Skills?Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize? Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest? Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know? And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country? Don’t worry – we can help you!You needn’t worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation. It helps if you do a little advance planning.Here are a few ideas to help you.Learn how to do small talk.Small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready. For example:Think of a recent news story – not to serious, . a story about a film star or sports star.Think of things to tell people about your studies.Think of “safe” things you can ask people’s opinions about – music, sport, films, etc.Think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers –and avoid talking about them! That way, you don’t damage your confidence!Develop your listening skillsListening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two-way process – it involves speaking AND listening. Always remember –you won’t impress people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener:DOShow that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures –smiling, nodding, saying “uh-huh” and “OK”, etc.Keep good eye contactUse positive body languageAsk for more information to show your interestDON’TLook at your watchYawnSignLook away from the person who’s talking to youChange the subjectFinish other people’s sentences for themAlways remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the 19th century: “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!”Learn the rulesIf you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don’t need to. In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but yo u needn’t if you don’t want t. remember also that in some countries, you mustn’t take flowers of a certain colour, because they’re unlucky. In most places, you don’t have to take a gift to a party –but find our first!The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspoken human being in the world –well, Westchester County, at least. Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”Esther Gr eenbaum’s major shortcoming was that she had acomplete absence of small talk. No, that’ not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence either that she wasn’t a very good saleswoman.One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer, a mature woman.“Nice to meet you,” she said. “How old are you?” The customer looked awkward.“Forty? Forty-five?” said Esther. “You kook much older. And your friend … she’s older than you, but she looks much younger!”On another occasion, Esther teased a typist, “Hey! When’s your baby due?”The typist went red and contradicted Esther. “Actually, I’m not pregnant,” she said.“Oh, sorry,” said Esther without any apology. “Just putting on a little weight, huh?”Esther was never cautious about other people’s feelings. One of her acquaintances, a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up.“Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway.”Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head.One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle.“Nice haircut,” said Esther. “How much did it cost?”The woman replied, “I’d rather not say.”Esther replied, “Well, anyhow, either you paid too much or you paid t oo little.”She met a very famous writer once. “Hey, what a coincidence!” she said. “You’re writing a book and I’m reading one!”The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didn’t think about what she said. A young man was trying to modest about his new job many miles away.“I guess the company chose me so they’d get some peace in the office,” he smiled.“No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us,” Esther replied sweetly.Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation. She greeted the hostess.“Do you remember that guy you were dating? What happened to him?” she asked. “You know, the ugly one.”At the moment, a man came up and stood by her friend. “Esther, I’d like you to meet my husband,” she said, “Charles, this is…”Esther interrupted her, “Hey, so you married him!”Making Friends in the USAIn the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be.If you’re not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. We’re defined by our jobs and we’r e usually happy to talk about them, unless you’re spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters. You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. We’re interested in people’s ethnic background too. But it’s best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someon e, but this doesn’t mean that you’re close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable, and the famous invitation “If you’re ever in Minneapolis / San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!” is neve r made without a genuine desire to meet again.But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you’re aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. In fact, it’s a sign that they don’t wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans willtalk about safe topics because they don’t dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. It’s easy to return to discussing the weather: “Do you like the USA?” How do you like the weather?” or making compliments: ”What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase!” “That’s fabulous d ress you’re wearing.” You should accept compliments graciously and say “Thank you!”There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special, unless someone is very old: “Isn’t she wonderful for her age!” and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway, Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so don’t expect an accurate reply!Income is a very private matter, and you’d do well to avoi d asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We don’t ask how much things cost, either.But what we don’t like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment for a quiet party and silent guests.The AAAIt is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. A very important function of small talk is to establish a relationship between people who don’t know each other very well, or don’t know each other at all.Psychologists say that the most successful formula for small talk between people like this is the AAA model. AAA = answer, add and ask. This is how it works.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc. the first person asks a question:A: Do you live near here?The second person replies by answering the question, adding some extra information and then asking another question:B: (Answer) Yes, I do.(Add) In an apartment on Brown Street.(Ask) Do you live nearby too?The first person does the same, answer, add and ask:A: (Answer) No, I live in Bristol.(Add) I’m just visiting London.(Ask) Have you lived here long?B: (Answer) Not so long.(Add) I moved here three years ago.(Ask) What’s the purpose of you visit to London?The speakers may have difficulty at first, but they soon realize that the important thing is that they are saying something. By continuing with the AAA model, the conversation continues. Because the thing they both want to avoid is an embarrassing silence.The conversation can continue in this way for a long time. However, something can happen that completely changes the atmosphere.B: Why do you live in Bristol?A: I’m studying there. History. Are you a student?B: Yes. And I know some people who are studying at Bristol. Do you know a girl called Helen Brown?A: Helen Bro wn? Yes! She’s on of my best friends! How do you know her?B: She’s my cousin.At this point, the AAA model stops. Because they used this very useful technique, they found something they have in common at last.Module 2Fantasy LiteratureThe Cat That VanishedWill was stupefied with exhaustion, and he might have gone on to thenorth, or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept; but as he stood trying to clear his head, he saw a cat.She was a tabby, like Moxie. She padded out of a garden on the Oxford side of the road, where Will was standing. Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand, and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles, just as Moxie did. Of course, every cat behaved like that, but all the same Will felt such a longing to turn for home that tears scalded his eyes.Eventually this cat turned away. This was night, and there was a territory to patrol, there were mice to hunt. She padded across the road and towards the bushes just beyond the hornbeam trees, and there she stopped. Will still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. She reached out a paw to pat something in the air in front of her, something quite invisible to Will. Then she leapt backwards, back arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. Will knew cat-behaviour. He watched more alertly as the cat approached the spot again, just an empty patch of grass between the hornbeams and the bushes of a garden hedge, and patted the air once more.Again she leapt back, but less far and with less alarm this time. After another few seconds of sniffing, touching, whisker-twitching, curiosity overcame wariness.The cat stepped forward, and vanished.Will blinked. Then he stood still, close to the trunk of the nearest tree, as a truck came round the circle and swept its lights over him. When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. It wasn’t easy, because there was nothing to fix on, but when he came to the place and cast about to look closely, he saw it.At least, he saw it from some angles. It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road, a patch roughly square in shape and less than a metre across. If you were level with the patch so that it was edge-on, it was nearlyinvisible, and it was completely invisible from behind. You could only see it from the side nearest the road, and you couldn’t see it easily even from there, because all you could see through it was exactly the same kind of thing that lay in front of it on this side: a patch of grass lit by a street light.But Will knew without the slightest doubt that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world. He could n’t possibly have said why. He knew it at once, as strongly as he knew that fire burned and kindness was good. He was looking at something profoundly alien.And for that reason alone, it enticed him to stoopp and look further. What he saw made his head swim and his heart thump harder, but he didn’t hesitate: he pushed his shopping bag through, and then scrambled through himself, through the hole in the fabric of this world and intoanother.He found himself standing under a row of trees. But not hornbeam trees: these were tall palms, and they were growing, like the trees in Oxford, in a line along the grass. But his was the centre of a broad boulevard, and at the side of the boulevard was a line of cafes and small shops, all brightly lit, all open, and all utterly silent and empty beneath a sky thick with stars. The hot night was laden with the scent of flowers and with the salt smell of the sea.Will looked around carefully. Behind him the full moon sone down over a distant prospect of great green hills, and on the slopes at the foot of the hills there ere houses with rich gardens and an open parkland with groves of trees and the white gleam of a classical temple.Just beside him was that bare patch in the air, as hard to see from this side as from the other, but definitely there. He bent to look through and saw the road in Oxford, his own world. The turned away with a shudder: whatever this new world was, it had to be better than what he’d just left. With a dawning light-headedness, the feeling that he was dreaming but awake at the same time, he stood up and looked around for the cat, his guide.The Story of . Rowling and Harry PotterThe elder stateswoman of British fantasy literature is . Rowling, thegifted creator of Harry Potter. Joa nne Rowling’s roots are in the southwest of England, where she grew up. But the idea for Harry Potter came to her while she was on a delayed train between Manchester and London. She wrote down her ideas on the back of an envelope. She then went to teach English in Portugal, where she continued to add flesh to the bones of the first Harry Potter story. But her name is forever associated with Edinburgh in Scotland, where she lived and developed the format for the whole series of seven books.There are many anecdotes about how, in 1990, . Rowling began the first draft of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. She had the extra burden of looking after her baby daughter while she worked, and because she was too poor to own a typewriter, she wrote by hand. She spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in Edinburgh because she had no money to pay for the heating at home.Success was not swift and Rowling might have given up. But she was stubborn and overcame all the difficulties. It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story, which, because the publishers in the USA requested an adjustment to the title, was also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.Rowling always intended that her output would be a book every year until she had finished the series. In fact, it took her about ten years to complete. But after the first book, the success of each of the followingtitles was automatic. The fifth book, The Order of the Phoenix sold about seven million copies the day it was published.Rowling’s style has been a target for some criticism, but what makes the books so important is that, because they appeal to readers of all ages, they create a special literary bond between parents and children. In an age of computer games and television programmes, it is also claimed they are responsible for a renewed interest in reading. Harry Potter has even become part of the school curriculum, much to the pleasure of the schoolchildren.And the Harry Potter effect is not just restricted to the English-speaking world. Rowling’s books have been translated into more than 55 languages, and it has been estimated thath more than 250 million copies have been distributed around the world. In 2005 it was estimated that Rowling had accumulated more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank. She has thus attained the status of being the first writer to become a billionaire.IntroductionOne of the greatest British writes of fantasy literature was (1898-1963), who wrote The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Lucy discovers the winter land of Narnia where she and her two brothers and sister meet the White Witch. They also meet Aslan, the lion, who is the only one whocan defeat the Witch and restore summer to Narnia. With Aslan, the children learn to be brave and to forgive. They learn great sorrow and happiness, and finally they learn wisdom. Their time in Narnia is the great adventure that every child dreams of.Extract from The Lion, the Witch and the WardrobeAnd then she saw that there was a light ahead of her; not a few inches away where the back of the wardrobe ought to have been, but a long way off. Something cold and soft was falling on her. A moment later she found that she was standing in the middle of a wood at nighttime with snow under her feet and snowflakes falling through the air.Lucy felt a little frightened, but she felt very inquisitive and excited as well. She looked back over her shoulder and there, between the dark tree trunks, she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch a glimpse of the empty room from which she had set out. (She had, of course, left the door open, for she knew that it was a very silly thing to shut oneself into a wardrobe.) It seemed to be still da ylight there. “I can always get back if anything goes wrong,” thought Lucy. She began to walk forward, crunch-crunch over the snow and through the wood towards the other light. In about ten minutes she reached it and found it was a lamppost. As she stood looking at it, wondering why there was a lamppost in the middle of a wood, and wondering what to do next, she heard the pitter-patter of feet coming towards her. And soon after that avery strange person stepped out from among the trees in to the light of the lamppost.He was only a little taller than Lucy herself and carried over his head an umbrella, white with snow. From the waist upwars he was like a man, but his legs were shaped like a goat’s (the hair on them was glossy black) and instead of feet he had goat’s hoofs. He also had a tail, but Lucy did not notice this at first because it was so neatly caught up over the arm that held the umbrella so as to keep it from trailing in the snow. He had a red woolen muffler round his neck and his skin was rather reddish too. He had a strange, but pleasant little face, with a short pointed beard and curly hair, and out of the hair there stuck two horns, one on each side of his forehead. One of his hands, as I have said, held the umbrella; in the other arm he carried several brown-paper parcels. With the parcels and the snow it looked just as if he had been doing his Christmas shopping. He was a Faun. And when he saw Lucy he gave such a start of surprise that he dropped all his parcels.“Goodness gracious me!” exclaimed the Faun.The Lord of the RingsOne of the most famous fantasy stories of the twentieth century is the trilogy The Lord of the Rings by Tolkien. All three parts of the story have been made into very successful films. The story takes place in aworld called Middle Earth. Humans are only one of the creatures who exist at this time. There are also elves, tall beautiful creatures who have magical powers and never die. There are hobbits, who are like small humans and live in holes in hills. There are also dwarves, who are similar to small, ugly men and live deep in the mountains.In The Lord of the Rings, a wicked wizard called Sauron, who has great magical powers, has created nine rings. Any creature who possesses one of these rings has great power. But Sauron has created one ring – the Ring – that can control all of these rings. The person who has this ring controls the whole of Middle Earth.Fortunately, this ring has been lost for hundreds of years. But then it is discovered by a hobbit. Sauron, realiseng that the Ring has been found, sends his creatures to get it back. If he finds the Ring, Sauron will rule Middle Earth and it will become a place of darkness and fear. Gandalf, a good wizard, realizes that in order to save Middle Earth, the Ring must be destroyed. To do this, someone must take the Ring into Sauron’s kingdom. There, they must destroy the Ring in the fires that created it. The three books tell the story of the journey to destroy the Ring. In the last book of the trilogy there is a terrible war between Sauron and his creatures, and those who want to save Middle Earth.Many people believe that The Load of the Rings is the best twentieth century novel in English. Of course, there are always those whodo not enjoy reading fantasy novels. But if you do, then this is one story you should definitely read.Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships – FriendshipRoy’s StoryI remember the first time I met Roy. He was standing in the centre of a group of boys, and he was telling a joke. When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing. Roy laughed too. A loud happy laugh. “Popular boy,” I thought to myself. My name is Daniel. I was from the north of England, but my father had been offered a better job in London, and our whole family had moved there. I was twelve and, having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.There were 33 students in my new class, and most people weren’t very interested in a shy new boy. Roy was one of the few people who were kind to me. He often invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting to know people. Roy and I become good friends. We trusted each other and we could talk about personal matters, things that were important to us.Five years later, Roy and I are still in the same class. But just under a year ago. Roy’s father was knocked over by a car. He died a few dayslater. The family had to move to a much smaller house in order to manage financially. Roy, who had always been very close to his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody. He had always been a clever, hard-working student but now he seemed to lose all interest in his work. He started losing friends. These days, Roy and I see each other from time to time, but we no longer close.About three months ago, a group of us were playing football together after school. Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of people’s coats. In his hand he had a wallet –and I knew it wasn’t his! My mouth fell open and I just looked at him. Roy went bright red. ”I’ll put it back right now,” he said, and he did so. I turned round and walked out without saying a word.I really hoped that Roy would explain why he had been stealing, but instead he started avoiding me. At the same time, small amounts of money started disappearing from students’ lockers. I wonder if the thief was Roy but decided not to say anything to anyone. I hope it wasn’t him.Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity. It was very successful and by the end of the day, we had made about $500. Our class teacher, Mr White, came and chatted to a group of us that included Roy, and held up a box for us to see. “There’s $500 in here,” he said with a smile. But to our surprise, the next morning, wewere told that the money had been stolen. Mr White had left the box in a classroom for a few minutes, and when he came back it had disappeared. The head teacher asked anyone who thought they might know something about the theft to come to him.This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft, and this morning I went to see him. Roy was out, and I went upstairs to his bedroom to wait for him. It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair. I put it on and put my hands in the pockets. I could feel a lot of paper notes and I pulled them out.It looked as if there was about $500 there. I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands. At that moment, the door swung open, and Roy walked in.Childhood FriendsThe first time I lost my best friend, I thought it was the end of the world. I don’t mean that he died, he just went away, b ut I still measure all pain by how hurt I was when Danny left.I was blessed with a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have. We lived in a small bungalow in a tiny village in Scotland and we were a very close family. Our neighbours next door had a son named Danny, and we grew up together.We spent long summer evenings in the pine forests, digging up worms for fishing, and collecting feathers left by the birds in the cages where they had been kept for the hunters. It was here that I discovered that I was allergic to the tiny flies which bit me and made my face swell. There were a few walnut trees above the village and we would chase the squirrels away and wait for them to ripen. Of course, it was too far north for a proper harvest. On windy days we’d slide down the stony slopes to the loch and feel the spray of the sea in our faces.Danny was a good carpenter too, and we made brooms out of branches, which we tried to sell in the village shop. We built a tree house, where we smoked our first cigar, and I was sick! Once I slipped on some damp leaves, fell out, scratched my arms and cut the heel of my foot, so he washed my wounds in the stream. He was a very considerate boy for someone so young. My mother simply scolded me for tearing my underwear.We were on good terms with everyone in the village, and we even gave a salute to the local policeman as he passed on his bicycle. But in our imagination, he was an enemy soldier, and we were two spies looking for secrets.It was the finest friendship anyone could have, and life seemed perfect.And then at the age of 14, his parents moved to London, over 400kilometres away. The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me. I felt he had betrayed me. It was the worst loss I have ever experienced.I’m now back in touch with Danny, and it’s a privilege to call him my friend. We’re both much more mature now, and we’re still very alike.But while I’m nostalgic for the happy times we spent together many yea rs ago, I’m ashamed of my feelings, and I don’t want to rewind the recording of my life and remember my loss and my pain.Friends ReunitedOne of the biggest Internet successes is a website called Friends Reunited. Friends Reunited brings together –that is, unites –old friends, people who used to be friends with each other, but have not seen each other for a long time.The website was begun in 1999 by a London couple called Stephen and Julie Pankhurst. Julie wanted to know what her old school friends were doing. Did they all have families or their own? Did they still live in the same area? Were they married? Did they have children? She and her husband realised that the Internet was the perfect way to get in touch with old friends, and Steve and his business partner, Jason Porter, built the website. Slowly, people heard about the site and became interested. By the end of 2000 the site had 3,000 members. Then the website was。
(完整word版)外研社高中选修6M1英语课文翻译.docx
Module 1 Book 6How Good Are Your Social Skills?你的社交技能有多高？你是否看的人以后，故意路以避免与其？你愿意参加聚会并自信的和每位来交？你想交更多的朋友，但是又缺乏与陌生人交的信心？你是否一想到要在的国家参加社交活就得忐忑不安？担心——我能帮助你！如果你具了良好的社交技能，你就不用担心的情景。
而些技能是很容易学的。
具有良好社交技能的人能很好的和人交流并且知道怎么。
要是先做点准，将会你有所帮助。
下面你出些主意。
Learn how to small talk学会怎聊天聊天很重要的，并能帮助你一些更的做准。
准好！准一些不太会出的开白。
例如：·想出一个最近的新故事——不要太，譬如，一个有关于影明星或体育明星的故事·想出一些有关于你的学的事情告人·想出一些“不会出”的事情人的意——音，体育，影等·想出一些和陌生人要回避的——并且要避免些！那，你的信心就不会被害了！Develop you listening skills提高听的技能听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流双向的程——它涉及和听两个方面。
永住——太多并不会人留下怎的印象。
下面是一些使你成更好的听者的建：Do ⋯做下面的事情⋯⋯·用一些鼓励的声音或姿表示你正在听——微笑，点，一些“ ”或“ 啊”之的等等·保持得体的目光接触·使用极肯定的肢体言· 更多的信息表示你的趣Don’t⋯不要做下面的事情⋯⋯·看自己的手表·打哈欠· 气·把目光从正跟你的人身上移开·改·替人把完要牢 19 世英国首相本杰明· 迪斯累里的：“和一个人他自己，他会和你上几个小！”Learn the rules学如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交合，要住会有不同的社交。
例如，在一些国家，你得准参加聚会；而在另一些国家就不需要。
外研社高中选修6M1英语课文翻译
(Module 1 Book 6How Good Are Your Social Skills你的社交技能有多高你是否看见认识的人以后，故意过马路以避免与其说话你愿意参加聚会并自信的和每位来宾交谈吗你想结交更多的朋友，但是又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心吗你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安别担心——我们能帮助你！如果你具备了良好的社交技能，你就不用担心这样的情景。
而这些技能是很容易学习的。
具有良好社交技能的人能很好的和别人交流并且知道该怎么样说话。
要是预先做点准备，将会对你有所帮助。
下面为你出些主意。
Learn how to small talk学会怎样聊天$聊天时很重要的，并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。
准备好！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。
例如：·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃，譬如，一个有关于电影明星或体育明星的故事·想出一些有关于你的学习的事情告诉人们·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐，体育，电影等·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样，你的信心就不会被伤害了！Develop you listening skills提高倾听的技能倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧，而交流时双向的过程——它涉及说和听两个方面。
永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。
下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：）Do…做下面的事情……·用一些鼓励的声音或姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑，点头，说一些“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等·保持得体的目光接触·使用积极肯定的肢体语言·询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣Don’t…不要做下面的事情……—·看自己的手表·打哈欠·叹气·把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开·改变话题·替别人把话说完要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里的话：“和一个人谈论他自己，他会和你说上几个小时！”Learn the rules—学习规则如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合，要记住会有不同的社交规则。
外研社英语选修六课文翻译
第二单元其余部分Introduction 介绍《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》的创作者——C·S·刘易斯（1898——1963）是英国最伟大的魔幻文学家之一，露西发现了冰天雪地的纳尼亚，在那里她和她的两个哥哥和一个妹妹遇见了白女巫。
他们还邂逅了阿斯兰，那头唯一能够打败女巫，重新夺回纳尼亚之夏的狮子。
和阿斯兰在一起，孩子们学会了勇敢与宽恕。
他们经历过大悲大喜，最终学到了智慧。
他们在纳尼亚的时光是每一个孩子梦寐以求的历险。
Extract from The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe 《狮子、女巫与魔衣橱》节选然后，她看见前面有一道光，离它不远处可以看到魔衣橱的后面，但走起来却很远。
冰冷的柔软的东西不停地落在她身上。
过了一会儿，她发现自己正站在晚间的森林中间，脚下是积雪，雪花在漫天飞舞。
露西有点害怕，但同时她也很好奇，很兴奋。
她扭头向后望去，透过黑色的树干，仍然可看见魔衣橱敞开的门廊，她甚至还能瞥见她走出的那个空房子。
（当然，她一直让门开着，因为他知道把自己关在衣橱里是很傻的。
）那里似乎还是白天。
“如果发生了什么事，我还可以回去，”露西想。
她开始往前走，伴着脚下嘎吱嘎吱的积雪声穿过森林，朝着另一处光亮走去。
大约十分钟之后她到了那里，发现那是一根灯柱。
当她站在那里，看着灯柱是，她开始奇怪：为什么森林中间会有根灯柱，她不知所措，这是她听见劈里啪啦的脚步声，（有人正）朝她走来。
随后一个非常奇怪的人从森林里走到了灯光下。
他只比露西略高一点，头上撑着一把伞，伞上满是雪。
他腰部以上想人，而脚却像山羊腿（腿上是浓重的黑毛），脚步是人脚而是羊蹄。
他还有一条尾巴，露西起初没有注意到，因为它整齐地缠在撑伞的手臂上，免得它拖到雪地上。
他脖子里围着一条红色羊毛围巾，他的的皮肤也略带红。
他有一张奇特却相当好看的小脸，留着短而尖的的胡须和卷曲的头发，前额两侧的毛发里还长着两只角。
外研英语选修6课文原文(每个模块4篇文章齐全)
外研英语选修6全部阅读课文原文（每个模块4篇）Module 1 Small TalkHow Good Are Your Social Skills?Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize? Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest? Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know? And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country? Don’t worry – we can help you!You needn’t worry about situations like these if you have good social skills. And they are easy to learn. People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation. It helps if you do a little advance planning. Here are a few ideas to help you.Learn how to do small talk.Small talk is very important and prepares you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready. For example:Think of a recent news story – not to serious, e.g. astory about a film star or sports star.Think of things to tell people about your studies.Think of “safe” things you can ask people’s opinions about – music, sport, films, etc.Think of topics that you would avoid if you were talking to strangers – and avoid talking about them! That way, you don’t damage your confidence!Develop your listening skillsListening is a skill which most people lack, but communication is a two-way process – it involves speaking AND listening. Always remember – you won’t impress people if you talk too much. Here are some ideas to make you a better listener:DOShow that you are listening by using encouraging noises and gestures – smiling, nodding, saying “uh-huh” and “OK”, etc.Keep good eye contactUse positive body languageAsk for more information to show your interestDON’TLook at your watchYawnSignLook away from the person who’s talking to youChange the subjectFinish other people’s sentences for themAlways remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the 19th century: “Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!”Learn the rulesIf you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don’t need to. In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn’t if you don’t want t. remember also that in some countries, you mustn’t take flowers of a certain colour, because they’re unlucky. In most places, you don’t have to take a gift to a party – but find our first!The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspokenhuman being in the world – well, Westchester County, at least. Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”Esther Greenbaum’s major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk. No, that’ not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence either that she wasn’t a very good saleswoman.One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer, a mature woman.“Nice to meet you,” she said. “How old are you?” The customer looked awkward.“Forty? Forty-five?” said Esther. “You kook much older. And your friend … she’s older than you, but she looks much younger!”On another occasion, Esther teased a typist, “Hey! When’s your baby due?”The typist went red and contradicted Esther. “Actually, I’m not pregnant,” she said.“Oh, sorry,” said Esther without any apology. “Justputting on a little weight, huh?”Esther was never cautious about other people’s feelings. One of her acquaintances, a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up.“Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway.”Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head. One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle.“Nice haircut,” said Esther. “How much did it cost?” The woman replied, “I’d rather not say.”Esther replied, “Well, anyhow, either you paid too much or you paid too little.”She met a very famous writer once. “Hey, what a coincidence!” she said. “You’re writing a book and I’m reading one!”The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didn’t think about what she said. A young man was trying to modest about his new job many miles away.“I guess the company chose me so they’d get some peace in the office,” he smiled.“No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us,” Esther replied sweetly. Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation. She greeted the hostess.“Do you remember that guy you were dating? What happened to him?” she asked. “You know, the ugly one.”At the moment, a man came up and stood by her friend. “Esther, I’d like you to meet my husband,” she said, “Charles, this is…”Esther interrupted her, “Hey, so you married him!”Making Friends in the USAIn the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person’s speaking may be.If you’re not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. We’re defined by our jobs and we’re usually happy to talk about them, unless you’re spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters.You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. We’re interested in people’s ethnic background too. But it’s best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesn’t mean that you’re close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable, and the famous invitation “If you’re ever in Minneapolis / San Diego / Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us!” is never made without a genuine desire to meet again.But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you’re aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. In fact, it’s a sign that they don’t wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans will talk about safe topics because they don’t dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.Generally we dislike arguments, and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. It’s easy to return to discussing the weather: “Do you like the USA?” How do you like the weather?”or making compliments: ”What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase!”“That’s fabulous dress you’re wearing.”You should accept compliments graciously and say “Thank you!” There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated as something very special, unless someone is very old: “Isn’t she wonderful for her age!”and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway, Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so don’t expect an accurate reply!Income is a very private matter, and you’d do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We don’t ask how much things cost, either.But what we don’t like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment for a quiet party and silent guests.The AAAIt is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. A very important function of small talk is to establish a relationship between people who don’t know each other very well, or don’t know each other at all.Psychologists say that the most successful formula for small talk between people like this is the AAA model. AAA = answer, add and ask. This is how it works.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the café or party, etc. the first person asks a question: A: Do you live near here?The second person replies by answering the question, adding some extra information and then asking another question: B: (Answer) Yes, I do.(Add) In an apartment on Brown Street.(Ask) Do you live nearby too?The first person does the same, answer, add and ask:A: (Answer) No, I live in Bristol.(Add) I’m just visiting London.(Ask) Have you lived here long?B: (Answer) Not so long.(Add) I moved here three years ago.(Ask) What’s the purpose of you visit to London?The speakers may have difficulty at first, but they soon realize that the important thing is that they are saying something. By continuing with the AAA model, the conversationcontinues. Because the thing they both want to avoid is an embarrassing silence.The conversation can continue in this way for a long time. However, something can happen that completely changes the atmosphere.B: Why do you live in Bristol?A: I’m studying there. History. Are you a student?B: Yes. And I know some people who are studying at Bristol. Do you know a girl called Helen Brown?A: Helen Brown? Yes! She’s on of my best friends! How do you know her?B: She’s my cousin.At this point, the AAA model stops. Because they used this very useful technique, they found something they have in common at last.Module 2 Fantasy LiteratureThe Cat That VanishedWill was stupefied with exhaustion, and he might have gone on to the north, or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept; but as he stood trying to clearhis head, he saw a cat.She was a tabby, like Moxie. She padded out of a garden on the Oxford side of the road, where Will was standing. Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand, and the cat came up to rub her head against his knuckles, just as Moxie did. Of course, every cat behaved like that, but all the same Will felt such a longing to turn for home that tears scalded his eyes. Eventually this cat turned away. This was night, and there was a territory to patrol, there were mice to hunt. She padded across the road and towards the bushes just beyond the hornbeam trees, and there she stopped. Will still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. She reached out a paw to pat something in the air in front of her, something quite invisible to Will. Then she leapt backwards, back arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. Will knew cat-behaviour. He watched more alertly as the cat approached the spot again, just an empty patch of grass between the hornbeams and the bushes of a garden hedge, and patted the air once more.Again she leapt back, but less far and with less alarm this time. After another few seconds of sniffing, touching, whisker-twitching, curiosity overcame wariness.The cat stepped forward, and vanished.Will blinked. Then he stood still, close to the trunk of the nearest tree, as a truck came round the circle and swept its lights over him. When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. It wasn’t easy, because there was nothing to fix on, but when he came to the place and cast about to look closely, he saw it.At least, he saw it from some angles. It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road, a patch roughly square in shape and less than a metre across. If you were level with the patch so that it was edge-on, it was nearlyinvisible, and it was completely invisible from behind. You could only see it from the side nearest the road, and you couldn’t see it easily even from there, because all you could see through it was exactly the same kind of thing that lay in front of it on this side: a patch of grass lit by a street light.But Will knew without the slightest doubt that that patch of grass on the other side was in a different world. He couldn’t possibly have said why. He knew it at once, as strongly as he knew that fire burned and kindness was good. He was looking at something profoundly alien.And for that reason alone, it enticed him to stoopp and look further. What he saw made his head swim and his heart thump harder, but he didn’t hesitate: he pushed his shopping bag through, and then scrambled through himself, through the hole in the fabric of this world and into another.He found himself standing under a row of trees. But not hornbeam trees: these were tall palms, and they were growing, like the trees in Oxford, in a line along the grass. But his was the centre of a broad boulevard, and at the side of the boulevard was a line of cafes and small shops, all brightly lit, all open, and all utterly silent and empty beneath a sky thick with stars. The hot night was laden with the scent of flowers and with the salt smell of the sea.Will looked around carefully. Behind him the full moon sone down over a distant prospect of great green hills, and on the slopes at the foot of the hills there ere houses with rich gardens and an open parkland with groves of trees and the white gleam of a classical temple.Just beside him was that bare patch in the air, as hard to see from this side as from the other, but definitely there. He bent to look through and saw the road in Oxford, his own world. The turned away with a shudder: whatever this new world was,it had to be better than what he’d just left. With a dawning light-headedness, the feeling that he was dreaming but awake at the same time, he stood up and looked around for the cat, his guide.The Story of J.K. Rowling and Harry PotterThe elder stateswoman of British fantasy literature is J.K. Rowling, the gifted creator of Harry Potter. Joanne Rowling’s roots are in the southwest of England, where she grew up. But the idea for Harry Potter came to her while she was on a delayed train between Manchester and London. She wrote down her ideas on the back of an envelope. She then went to teach English in Portugal, where she continued to add flesh to the bones of the first Harry Potter story. But her name is forever associated with Edinburgh in Scotland, where she lived and developed the format for the whole series of seven books.There are many anecdotes about how, in 1990, J.K. Rowling began the first draft of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. She had the extra burden of looking after her baby daughter while she worked, and because she was too poor to own a typewriter, she wrote by hand. She spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in Edinburgh becauseshe had no money to pay for the heating at home.Success was not swift and Rowling might have given up. But she was stubborn and overcame all the difficulties. It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story, which, because the publishers in the USA requested an adjustment to the title, was also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.Rowling always intended that her output would be a book every year until she had finished the series. In fact, it took her about ten years to complete. But after the first book, the success of each of the following titles was automatic. The fifth book, The Order of the Phoenix sold about seven million copies the day it was published.Rowling’s style has been a target for some criticism, but what makes the books so important is that, because they appeal to readers of all ages, they create a special literary bond between parents and children. In an age of computer games and television programmes, it is also claimed they are responsible for a renewed interest in reading. Harry Potter has even become part of the school curriculum, much to the pleasure of the schoolchildren.And the Harry Potter effect is not just restricted to theEnglish-speaking world. Rowling’s books have been translated into more than 55 languages, and it has been estimated thath more than 250 million copies have been distributed around the world. In 2005 it was estimated that Rowling had accumulated more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank. She has thus attained the status of being the first writer to become a billionaire.IntroductionOne of the greatest British writes of fantasy literature was C.S.Lewis (1898-1963), who wrote The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Lucy discovers the winter land of Narnia where she and her two brothers and sister meet the White Witch. They also meet Aslan, the lion, who is the only one who can defeat the Witch and restore summer to Narnia. With Aslan, the children learn to be brave and to forgive. They learn great sorrow and happiness, and finally they learn wisdom. Their time in Narnia is the great adventure that every child dreams of.Extract from The Lion, the Witch and the WardrobeAnd then she saw that there was a light ahead of her; not a few inches away where the back of the wardrobe ought to have been, but a long way off. Something cold and soft was falling on her.A moment later she found that she was standing in the middle of a wood at nighttime with snow under her feet and snowflakes falling through the air.Lucy felt a little frightened, but she felt very inquisitive and excited as well. She looked back over her shoulder and there, between the dark tree trunks, she could still see the open doorway of the wardrobe and even catch a glimpse of the empty room from which she had set out. (She had, of course, left the door open, for she knew that it was a very silly thing to shut oneself into a wardrobe.) It seemed to be still daylight there. “I can always get back if anything goes wrong,” thought Lucy. She began to walk forward, crunch-crunch over the snow and through the wood towards the other light. In about ten minutes she reached it and found it was a lamppost. As she stood looking at it, wondering why there was a lamppost in the middle of a wood, and wondering what to do next, she heard the pitter-patter of feet coming towards her. And soon after that a very strange person stepped out from among the trees in to the light of the lamppost.He was only a little taller than Lucy herself and carried over his head an umbrella, white with snow. From the waist upwars he was like a man, but his legs were shaped like a goat’s (the hair on them was glossy black) and instead of feet he had goat’s hoofs. He also had a tail, but Lucy did not notice this at first because it was so neatly caught up over the arm that held the umbrella so as to keep it from trailing in the snow. He had a red woolen muffler round his neck and his skin was rather reddish too. He had a strange, but pleasant little face, with a short pointed beard and curly hair, and out of the hair there stuck two horns, one on each side of his forehead. One of his hands, as I have said, held the umbrella; in the other arm he carried several brown-paper parcels. With the parcels and the snow it looked just as if he had been doing his Christmas shopping. He was a Faun. And when he saw Lucy he gave such a start of surprise that he dropped all his parcels.“Goodness gracious me!” exclaimed the Faun.The Lord of the RingsOne of the most famous fantasy stories of the twentieth century is the trilogy The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. All three parts of the story have been made into very successful films. The story takes place in a world called Middle Earth. Humans are only one of the creatures who exist at this time. There are also elves, tall beautiful creatures who have magical powersand never die. There are hobbits, who are like small humans and live in holes in hills. There are also dwarves, who are similar to small, ugly men and live deep in the mountains.In The Lord of the Rings, a wicked wizard called Sauron, who has great magical powers, has created nine rings. Any creature who possesses one of these rings has great power. But Sauron has created one ring – the Ring – that can control all of these rings. The person who has this ring controls the whole of Middle Earth.Fortunately, this ring has been lost for hundreds of years. But then it is discovered by a hobbit. Sauron, realiseng that the Ring has been found, sends his creatures to get it back. If he finds the Ring, Sauron will rule Middle Earth and it will become a place of darkness and fear. Gandalf, a good wizard, realizes that in order to save Middle Earth, the Ring must be destroyed. To do this, someone must take the Ring into Sauron’s kingdom. There, they must destroy the Ring in the fires that created it. The three books tell the story of the journey to destroy the Ring. In the last book of the trilogy there is a terrible war between Sauron and his creatures, and those who want to save Middle Earth.Many people believe that The Load of the Rings is the besttwentieth century novel in English. Of course, there are always those who do not enjoy reading fantasy novels. But if you do, then this is one story you should definitely read.Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships – FriendshipRoy’s StoryI remember the first time I met Roy. He was standing in the centre of a group of boys, and he was telling a joke. When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing. Roy laughed too. A loud happy laugh. “Popular boy,” I thought to myself. My name is Daniel. I was from the north of England, but my father had been offered a better job in London, and our whole family had moved there. I was twelve and, having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.There were 33 students in my new class, and most people weren’t very interested in a shy new boy. Roy was one of the few people who were kind to me. He often invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting to know people. Roy and I become good friends. We trusted each other and we could talk about personal matters, things that wereimportant to us.Five years later, Roy and I are still in the same class. But just under a year ago. Roy’s father was knocked over by a car. He died a few days later. The family had to move to a much smaller house in order to manage financially. Roy, who had always been very close to his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody. He had always been a clever, hard-working student but now he seemed to lose all interest in his work. He started losing friends. These days, Roy and I see each other from time to time, but we no longer close.About three months ago, a group of us were playing football together after school. Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of people’s coats. In his hand he had a wallet – and I knew it wasn’t his! My mouth fell open and I just looked at him. Roy went bright red. ”I’ll put it back right now,” he said, and he did so. I turned round and walked out without saying a word.I really hoped that Roy would explain why he had been stealing, but instead he started avoiding me. At the same time, small amounts of money started disappearing from students’lockers. I wonder if the thief was Roy but decided not to sayanything to anyone. I hope it wasn’t him.Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity. It was very successful and by the end of the day, we had made about $500. Our class teacher, Mr White, came and chatted to a group of us that included Roy, and held up a box for us to see. “There’s $500 in here,” he said with a smile. But to our surprise, the next morning, we were told that the money had been stolen. Mr White had left the box in a classroom for a few minutes, and when he came back it had disappeared. The head teacher asked anyone who thought they might know something about the theft to come to him.This weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I decided to ask Roy about the theft, and this morning I went to see him. Roy was out, and I went upstairs to his bedroom to wait for him. It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair. I put it on and put my hands in the pockets.I could feel a lot of paper notes and I pulled them out.It looked as if there was about $500 there. I was so surprised that I just stood there, holding the notes in my hands. At that moment, the door swung open, and Roy walked in.Childhood FriendsThe first time I lost my best friend, I thought it was the end of the world. I don’t mean that he died, he just went away, but I still measure all pain by how hurt I was when Danny left.I was blessed with a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have. We lived in a small bungalow in a tiny village in Scotland and we were a very close family. Our neighbours next door had a son named Danny, and we grew up together.We spent long summer evenings in the pine forests, digging up worms for fishing, and collecting feathers left by the birds in the cages where they had been kept for the hunters. It was here that I discovered that I was allergic to the tiny flies which bit me and made my face swell. There were a few walnut trees above the village and we would chase the squirrels away and wait for them to ripen. Of course, it was too far north for a proper harvest. On windy days we’d slide down the stony slopes to the loch and feel the spray of the sea in our faces.Danny was a good carpenter too, and we made brooms out of branches, which we tried to sell in the village shop. We built a tree house, where we smoked our first cigar, and I was sick! Once I slipped on some damp leaves, fell out, scratched my arms and cut the heel of my foot, so he washed my wounds in the stream.He was a very considerate boy for someone so young. My mother simply scolded me for tearing my underwear.We were on good terms with everyone in the village, and we even gave a salute to the local policeman as he passed on his bicycle. But in our imagination, he was an enemy soldier, and we were two spies looking for secrets.It was the finest friendship anyone could have, and life seemed perfect.And then at the age of 14, his parents moved to London, over 400 kilometres away. The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me. I felt he had betrayed me. It was the worst loss I have ever experienced.I’m now back in touch with Danny, and it’s a privilege to call him my friend. We’re both much more mature now, and we’re still very alike.But while I’m nostalgic for the happy times we spent together many years ago, I’m ashamed of my feelings, and I don’t want to rewind the recording of my life and remember my loss and my pain.Friends ReunitedOne of the biggest Internet successes is a website calledFriends Reunited. Friends Reunited brings together – that is, unites – old friends, people who used to be friends with each other, but have not seen each other for a long time.The website was begun in 1999 by a London couple called Stephen and Julie Pankhurst. Julie wanted to know what her old school friends were doing. Did they all have families or their own? Did they still live in the same area? Were they married? Did they have children? She and her husband realised that the Internet was the perfect way to get in touch with old friends, and Steve and his business partner, Jason Porter, built the website. Slowly, people heard about the site and became interested. By the end of 2000 the site had 3,000 members. Then the website was mentioned on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular. By the end of 2001 the website had 4 million members, and by the end of 2002 it had over 8 million! How do you find old friends using Friends Reunited? It’s very easy. People join the website and give information about themselves – the name of their old school, the neighbourhood they lived in, the college the went to, the sports team they belonged to, etc. To find an old friend, you type in their name, school, etc. you may find that your friend is a member of the website, and you can then contact him or her through the website.。
外研版高中英语选修六课文翻译
外研版高中英语选修六课文翻译篇一：选修6英语课文翻译西方艺术风格变化较大，而中国艺术风格变化较小。
人们的生活方式和信仰影响了艺术。
中国和欧洲不同，生活方式在长时间里相似。
西方艺术丰富多彩，仅凭一篇短短的课文难以描述全面。
所以，本篇课文仅描述了从公元5世纪开始的几种主要风格。
中世纪（公元5世纪到15世纪）在中世纪，画家的主要任务是表现宗教主题。
艺术家们并没有把兴趣放在呈现人和自然的真实面貌上，而是着力于体现对上帝的爱戴和敬重。
因此，这段时期的绘画充满着宗教的信条。
到13世纪时，情况已经开始发生变化，像乔托这样的画家以比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪）在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观取代了中世纪的那一套，人们开始更关心人而不是宗教。
画家们回到了罗马、希腊的艺术理论上。
他们尽力地画出人和自然的真实面貌。
富人们想为自己的宫殿和豪宅收藏艺术品，他们高价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画画，画自己的房屋和其他财物，画他们的活动，画他们的成就。
在这个阶段，最重要的发现之一是如何用透视法来画出事物的形象。
在1428年，马萨乔成为第一个在绘画中使用透视方法的人，当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小孔，来观看真实的情景，并对此深信不疑。
如果没有透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画，在文艺复兴时期，油画也得到了发展，它使得色彩看上去更丰富，更深沉。
印象派时期（19世纪后期到20世纪初期）19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。
许多人从农村迁入城市。
有着大量的新发明，还有许多社会变革。
这些变革也自然而然地导致了绘画风格上的变化。
那些打破传统画法的人有在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写生的艺术家。
他们想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影画出来。
由于自然光的变化很快，所以，印象派画家必须很快地作画。
因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家的画那样细致了，起初，多数人都看不惯这种新式画法，甚至还非常生气。
选修6英语课文及翻译
选修6英语课文及翻译导语：选修是新课程标准改革中的一个名词，是课程结构调整中的一种课程类型。
接下来我们一起来看看选修6英语课文及翻译吧！Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING 西方绘画艺术的历史Art is influenced by the customs and of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well astheir activities and achievements.One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles.Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.Modern Art(29th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepeted as thebeginning of what we call “modern art”. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exsist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革，而中国艺术所经历的变革则比较少。
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Module 1 Book 6How Good Are Your Social Skills你的社交技能有多高你是否看见认识的人以后,故意过马路以避免与其说话你愿意参加聚会并自信的和每位来宾交谈吗你想结交更多的朋友,但是又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心吗你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安别担心——我们能帮助你！如果你具备了良好的社交技能,你就不用担心这样的情景。
而这些技能是很容易学习的。
具有良好社交技能的人能很好的和别人交流并且知道该怎么样说话。
要是预先做点准备,将会对你有所帮助。
下面为你出些主意。
Learn how to small talk学会怎样聊天聊天时很重要的,并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。
准备好！准备一些不太会出错的开场白。
例如：·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃,譬如,一个有关于电影明星或体育明星的故事·想出一些有关于你的学习的事情告诉人们·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐,体育,电影等·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题！那样,你的信心就不会被伤害了！Develop you listening skills提高倾听的技能倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧,而交流时双向的过程——它涉及说和听两个方面。
永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。
下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议：Do…做下面的事情……·用一些鼓励的声音或姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑,点头,说一些“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等·保持得体的目光接触·使用积极肯定的肢体语言·询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣Don’t…不要做下面的事情……·看自己的手表·打哈欠·叹气·把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开·改变话题·替别人把话说完要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里的话：“和一个人谈论他自己,他会和你说上几个小时！”Learn the rules学习规则如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合,要记住会有不同的社交规则。
例如,在一些国家,你得准时参加聚会；而在另一些国家就不需要。
另外,你需要知道该待多久,该在何时离开。
有的主人希望能得到鲜花或小礼品,而在另一些地方你可以给主人送东西,但如果你不想送就没有必要送。
还有,要记住在有的国家你不能带某种颜色的鲜花,因为那是不吉利的。
在大多数地方,参加聚会不必带礼物——但你得事先弄清楚！The Wrong Kind of Small Talk不合时宜的闲聊埃斯特·戈林鲍姆是一家传真机公司的女推销员和业务代理。
但她也是世界上最口无遮拦的人——当然,至少在韦切斯特县是这样的。
她的座右铭是“每当我张口,就会讲错话”。
埃斯特·戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲聊。
不,也不完全如此。
尽管她闲聊,但不合时宜。
实际上,她从来就没有学过社交的基本规则,因此每次开口说话她都会犯经常性的错误。
她不是一个好的女推销员绝非偶然。
一天在一次会议上,埃斯特被介绍给一位重要的客户,一位成熟的女士。
她说：“很高兴见到你！你多少岁啦”这位客户看起来是尴尬的。
“四十四十五”埃斯特说道,“你看起来更老。
而且你的朋友……,她比你年龄大,但看起来年轻得多！”在另一个场合,埃斯特跟一位打字员打趣说：“嗨！你的宝宝什么时候出生啊”那位打字员一下变得面红耳赤,并反驳埃斯特说：“实际上,我还没有怀孕呢。
”“噢,对不起,”埃斯特毫无歉意地说,“只是略微有点发福,是吗”埃斯特从来不注意他人的感受。
和她在同一家公司做推销员的一个熟人正遭受离婚的窘境,为此非常沮丧。
埃斯特试图让他高兴起来。
“忘掉她！她是一个十足的傻瓜。
没有人会再喜欢她的。
”大多数时间,埃斯特想到了什么就说什么。
有一天工作的时,一位刚换了新发型的职员走进办公室。
埃斯特说：“发型很漂亮,花了多少钱”这位女士回答道：“我宁愿不说。
”埃斯特答道：“喔,不管怎么样,要么你花多了,要么你花少了。
”有一次她遇见一位非常着名的作家。
“嗨,多么巧啊！你正在写一本书,我正在看一本书！”她说。
埃斯特的问题是她想到什么就说什么,而且从不考虑她说的话。
一位年轻的男士尽量谦逊地谈论他几英里外的新工作。
“我想公司选择我是为了他们在办公室里可以得到一些平和。
”他微笑着说。
“不,我猜测他们选择你是不想你一辈子都跟着我们工作。
”埃斯特甜美的答道。
有一次,埃斯特参加毕业周年聚餐,去见一些老校友。
她向女主人打招呼。
“还记得和你约会的那个家伙吗他怎么样了”她问道：“你知道的,就是那个长得丑的。
”正在那时,一个男人走过来,站在她朋友的旁边。
“埃斯特,我想让见见我丈夫,”她说,“查尔斯,这是……”埃斯特打断她,“哦,原来你和她结婚了啊！”Make friends in the USA在美国交朋友在美国,交谈比再许多别的国家沉闷得多,在别的国家大家都一起聊天。
而在美国,当每个人发表见解时,不管他说的多磨无聊,每个人都应该倾听。
如果你不确定谈论什么,你可以问一下别人是做什么的。
工作体现着我们的特质,而且我们通常乐意去谈他们,除非你是个间谍！有些人说美国人谈论感情要比亚洲人多,但他们对现实的事情却避而不谈。
你可以喊坦然的问家庭,对方籍贯,业余爱好及最新电影等相关问题。
我们对人们的民族背景也感兴趣。
但最好避免政治,宗教等敏感话题。
两人认识很短一段时间后,可能会有一些亲密的交谈,这并不意味着你们是亲密的朋友或关系非常好。
但许多人非常友好好客,而且如果无意再相见,他们是不会做出“如果你有机会到明尼阿波利斯\圣地亚哥\波及普西,务必来看看我们！”这种人们所见惯的邀请的。
但是尽管极少数美国人会担心你可能提出的问题,尤其是你明显表现出你了解文化差异时,再问你相似的文字之前,他们会犹豫。
事实上,这表明他们不希望侵犯你的私人生活。
因此他们不敢（表现得）太好奇或太冒昧,但如果你首先引入私人话题,他们会高兴地谈论更多关于私人的事情。
一般来说我们不喜欢争论,并避开那些（可能）导致分歧的话题。
很容易回到天气的讨论中：“你喜欢美国吗你觉得这儿的天气怎么样”或者说些称赞的话：“多么可爱的花,多么漂亮的花瓶啊！”“你穿的这件连衣裙真漂亮。
”你应该欣然接受赞美并说“谢谢！”会话中有两个敏感的话题：年龄和钱。
年龄并没有被当作特殊的话题,除非某人年事已高：“以她的年龄而言,难道她活得不精彩吗”而且没有格外尊敬老人的规定或迹象。
不管怎样,美国人总是想让自己看起来比他们的真实年龄年轻些,因此别指望他们给出确切的回答！收入是很私人的事情,你最好避免问别人挣多少钱,尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒,而且还有炫耀之意。
我们通常也不问东西值多少钱。
但是我们不喜欢沉默不语,几乎任何事情都比宴会冷清、宾客沉默所带来的尴尬要好。
The AAAAAA模式据估计,所有英语会话中80％是闲聊。
闲聊的一个非常重要的作用就是在不太熟悉的人之间或根本不认识的人之间建立一种联系。
心理学家说像这样的人之间闲聊的最成功的模式便是AAA模式。
AAA模式即：回答、补充和提问。
一下就是该模式实际运作的方式。
设想一种情形,两个陌生人在她们都认识的那个人离开房间、咖啡或聚会等之后进行交谈。
第一个人问了一个问题;A:你住在这附近吗第二个人回答这个问题并补充了一些额外的信息,接着问另一个问题：B：（回答）是的,我住在附近。
（补充）住在布朗街的一套公寓里。
（提问）你也住在附近吗第一个人做相同的事情,回答、补充和提问：A：（回答）不,我住在布里斯托尔。
（补充）我只是到伦敦来游玩。
（提问）你在这儿住长时间了吗B：（回答）并不是太久。
（补充）我三年前搬到这儿。
（提问）你参观伦敦的目的是什么谈话人起初可能会有困难,但他们很快就意识到重要的是他们在谈话。
通过继续AAA漠视,谈话得以持续。
因为他们都像避开令人尴尬的沉默。
谈话可以以这种方式持续很长时间。
然而,可以完全改变气氛的事情可能会发生。
B：你为什么住在布里斯托尔A：我在那里学习历史。
你是一个学生吗B：是的。
我认识一些在布里斯托尔学习的人。
你认识一个名叫海伦·布朗的女孩儿吗A：海伦·布朗！！是的！她是我最好的朋友之一！你怎么会人认识她B：她是我堂妹。
AAA模式到此结束。
因为他们运用了这种非常有用的社交技巧,最后他们找到了他们有共同的语言的话题。
Module 2 Book 6The Cat That Vanished消失的猫威尔累得脑子都木了,他本可以继续向北,也有可能在某棵树下头枕草地昏昏睡去；但是,正当他站在那儿,试图让头脑清醒些的时候,他看见了一只猫。
那是一只母斑猫,就像莫克西一样。
她轻轻地走出靠着牛津一侧街道上的一个花园,威尔正站在街边。
他放下购物袋,伸出手,那只猫便跑到他身边,在他的手指间来回蹭起脑袋,就像莫克西常常做的那样。
当然,所有的猫都是那样的,尽管如此,威尔还是渴望回家,以至于热泪充满了他的双眼。
终于,这只猫转身跑开了。
正当夜晚她还要巡视自己的领地,捕捉老鼠。
她轻轻地穿过马路,朝着角树林另一边的灌木丛走去,然后在那儿停了下来。
威尔继续盯着她,看看猫行为怪异。
她伸出爪子去拍打它前面空气中的某种东西,某种威尔看不见的东西。
然后她向后一跃,脊背拱起,毛发竖立,尾巴僵直伸着。
威尔了解猫的习性。
他更加警觉看着,只见那只猫再次靠近那个地方——就在角树与花园树篱的灌木丛之间的一块空草地,又拍打了一下那里的空气。
她再次向后一跃,但是这次跳得没有那么远,也没有那么害怕了。
又是几秒中的嗅来嗅去、爪子触碰、胡须抽动,终于好奇心战胜了警惕性。
那只猫向前一跳,然后就消失了。
威尔眨了眨眼睛。
然后他静静地站着,紧靠离他最近的一棵树干,这时一辆卡车转弯驶过来,车灯照到他的身上。
卡车开过去后,他穿过马路,眼睛盯着那只猫一直在打量的地方。
这并不容易,因为他无法把目光集中在某件东西上。
但是当他靠近那个地方,设法仔细观察是,他看出了端倪。
终于,他从某些角度看到了。
看上去就像有人在距离路边大约两米的地方将空间切开了一块土地,它大体呈正方形,边长不到一米。
如果你与那块空间处在同等高度,从侧面看你几乎看不到它,从后面则完全看不见它,因为透过它,你所能看到的一切与这一边的完全相同：被一盏街灯照亮的一片草地。
但是威尔深信不疑,另一边的那块草地在一个不同的世界里。
他不可能说得出所以然来。
只是他马上就知道了,就好像他知道火会燃烧、善意是美好的一样。
他所注视着的是某种完全不同的东西。
仅仅是这一个理由,就足以吸引着他俯下身子向更深处望去。
他看到的一切使他头晕目眩,心跳加速,但是他却没有迟疑：他把购物袋塞了过去,继而自己也钻了过去——穿过现实世界框架上的这个洞,进入了另一个世界。