定语从句讲解高中
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定语从句讲解高中
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关于定语从句讲解高中
Ⅰ.概念:
(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语,宾语,whose在从句中作定语)
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when、why、 where
The student who answered the question was John.
I know the reason why he was so angry.
The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法-功能(做主语、宾语或状语);
第三选择合适的'关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法:
●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语
从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:
1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?
2. You can take anything ( that) you like.
3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?
4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.
5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.
●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如:
1. The bookwhich/that was on the desk was bought by my father.
2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.
●who, whom, whose:
who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人
whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语; 只可指人
whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
1. I like the students who/that work hard.
2. All who heard the story were amazed.
(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)
3. He's a man from whom we should learn.
= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.
4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
5. I'd like a room whose window faces south.
=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.
=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.
关系代词作介词宾语:(介词+ whom / which)
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。)
1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.
2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands?
= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?
3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?
4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?
5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)
●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性的,多用于the same …as ; the same as;such …as …; as many/much as;so …as等结构中。
1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。
2. .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?
--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.
3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.
比较:I live in the same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.
比较:Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. (定语从句)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(结果状语从句)
②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.)
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)
=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as