sonnet 18―by William Shakespeare赏析
sonnet18—byWilliamShakespeare赏析
sonnet18—byWilliamShakespeare赏析sonnet 18—by William Shakespeare赏析09级汉语言文学郑响英200921010128Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmedBut thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe，or eyes can see,So long lives，this and this gives life to thee.鲁迅《花边文学》中这样写到——严复提起过“狭斯丕尔”，一提便完；梁启超说过“莎士比亚”，也不见有人注意；田汉译了这人的一点作品，现在似乎不大流行了。
到今年，可又有些“莎士比亚”“莎士比亚”起来。
雨果也曾经这样评价到——迎着耻辱和嘲讽，莎士比亚跃出，头带风暴，冲破云层，幽晦的诗人写了一部作品，那样艰涩，那样壮丽、恢宏，光彩夺目，满是深渊，眩晕，光焰射向山顶，在未闻的幽境，那么阴沉、丰富，三百年来，思想家迷蒙，凝视他，惊愕，那是一切的归宿，那是人类心灵深处的一座山峰。
莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析
莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首◇ 曹明伦译18 18我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和： Thou art more lovely and more temperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过； And summer's lease hath all too short a date:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗； And often is his gold complexion dimmed,而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜； By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽， But thy eternal summer shall not fade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失， Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。
十四行诗18英文赏析-莎士比亚[整理版]
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莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗的英文赏析我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。
狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。
休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。
休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。
唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。
死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。
只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。
这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。
其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。
Sonnet 18, often alternately titled Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?, is one of the best-known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Y outh sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets. Most scholars now agree that the original subject of the poem, the beloved to whom the poet is writing, is a male, though the poem is commonly used to describe a woman.In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovid's Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. Detailed exegeses have revealed several double meanings within the poem, giving it a greater depth of interpretation.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[5] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. Thespeaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun shines too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through children, then through the poems brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fadeA major feature of this poem - analogy. Begins with the first sentence, put "you" and "Summer" as a analogy, compare the second line of the initial determination: Are you more lovely than the summer, more gentle. The difference is due to produce its in-depth analysis of 3 to 14 lines. Specifically, the first line of 3.4.5.6.7.8 enumerated the "summer" all kinds of regrets, and 9.10.11.12.13.14 line tells the "you" all kinds of advantages compared to the natural draw a final conclusion: "Y ou" is far better than "Summer," "you" because in his poetry between the lines but also has a life, and time forever. Also noteworthy is the verse 13 and 14 are also, by analogy emphasized the "eternal nature."Throughout the poem, the poet freely to the "you" talk, it seems that "you" is a living person, to listen to his voice, understanding his thinking. So this poem can be said to be people in the application of techniques based on the written. The poem "Y ou" refers to an object, academia, there are two explanations, one view is that it refers to beauty, and the other that it refers to poetry to express the good things. Now most scholars prefer the latter.One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty.On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion"; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the "eternal summer", which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause--almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause.Initially, the poet poses a question―”Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”―and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplic ity: “wind”and “buds.”In the fourth line, legal terminology―”summer’s lease”―is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,”“all too short,”and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty.Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poetreturns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines―that all nature is subject to imperfection―is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.”Although beauty naturally declines at some point―”And every fair from fair sometime declines”―the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines”the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man’s beautiful appearance.Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The "procreation" sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker's realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, "in my rhyme." Sonnet 18, then, is the first "rhyme"--the speaker's first attempt to preserve the young man's beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。
sonnet 18反思
sonnet 18反思
《Sonnet 18》是莎士比亚十四行诗中的经典之作。
诗歌结构、韵律优美，不仅描写了诗人“爱友”无与伦比的美貌，而且表达了诗人乃至整个人类希望真美永存的愿望。
同时，这首诗还体现了文艺复兴时期的人文主义思想，赞美了人类的尊严、价值和创造力。
Sonnet 18的主题是:爱征服一切。
莎士比亚的sonnet 18出自《莎士比亚十四行诗》，这本诗集收录了莎士比亚的十四行诗共154首，本诗是第十八首，也是较为著名的一首。
莎士比亚十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间，此时正是十六世纪欧洲文艺复兴传到英国的时期，因此，莎士比亚的十四行诗不仅结构巧妙，语汇丰富，也同时反映了这一时期的人文主义思想，具有很强的时代背景。
总之，莎士比亚的十四行诗在英国诗歌史上具有很高的地位，当得起空前绝后的美称。
本诗运用了“五步抑扬格”，使得节奏鲜明，观点突出。
在这首诗中,叙述者把他的爱人和夏季做成比较,并认为他的爱
人更好。
他还指出,他的爱人将通过这首诗永远活着。
”
莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。
他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。
诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。
莎士比亚十四行诗第18首鉴赏
莎士比亚十四行诗第18首鉴赏引言莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一，他的作品被广泛翻译和演绎，深受全球读者的喜爱。
其中，莎士比亚的十四行诗尤为经典，其中包括了《第18首》。
本文将对《莎士比亚十四行诗第18首》进行鉴赏，探讨其主题、情感表达以及艺术价值。
一、主题分析1. 什么是莎士比亚十四行诗莎士比亚十四行诗（Shakespearean sonnet）是由莎士比亚创作的一种诗体形式，其特点是由14行组成，按照特定的韵律和押韵方式排列。
莎士比亚十四行诗被视为英文文学中最传统的诗歌形式之一。
2. 《莎士比亚十四行诗第18首》的主题《莎士比亚十四行诗第18首》的主题是爱情和美丽。
诗中通过描述爱人的美丽和对其的赞美，表达了对爱情的讴歌和赞美。
3. 主题的呈现方式莎士比亚通过运用比喻、夸张等修辞手法，将爱人的美丽与一系列自然现象进行比较，并将其美丽提升到超越自然的境界，以突出爱人的独特之处。
二、情感表达分析1. 诗人的情感诗人通过对爱人的赞美表达了自己深深的爱意和对其美丽的敬仰。
诗人充满了爱的激情和对爱人的赞美之情，把自己的情感融入到诗中。
2. 诗中情感的转折《莎士比亚十四行诗第18首》中情感经历了由赞美到忧伤的转折。
在诗的前几行，诗人对爱人进行了赞美，表达了自己对其美丽的深深敬仰之情。
然而，在诗的后半部分，情感转向了忧伤，诗人担心时间的流逝会将爱人的美丽消逝，这种忧伤的情感为整首诗增添了深刻的情感色彩。
三、艺术价值分析1. 诗歌运用的修辞手法《莎士比亚十四行诗第18首》使用了丰富多样的修辞手法，比如比喻、夸张、对比等，这些修辞手法使整首诗充满了艺术魅力，具有很高的艺术价值。
2. 渲染的意境诗中通过对爱人美丽的描绘和对时间流逝的担忧，营造了一种诗意的意境。
诗人通过对自然现象的描绘，将爱人的美丽与大自然相较，突出了爱人的独特之处，同时也增加了诗歌的艺术感染力。
3. 对爱情的思考《莎士比亚十四行诗第18首》可以说是对爱情最美丽和深刻的思考之一。
莎士比亚sonnet18赏析解析莎士比亚十四行诗的主题
莎士比亚sonnet18赏析解析莎士比亚十四行诗的主题莎士比亚毕生创作了大量杰出的文学作品。
他的喜剧和悲剧被认为是世界文学宝库中不可多得的瑰宝,但从本质上来说,莎士比亚首先是一个诗人,他的剧本,很大部分是用诗体――主要是无韵诗体写成的。
莎士比亚的诗歌成就最高的是十四行诗,总共154首。
莎士比亚热情讴歌了友谊和爱,青春和美;他们所包含的不仅是感情,还有诗人深邃的思想。
莎士比亚的十四行诗主要涉及三个人物:诗人、“年轻朋友”和“黑肤女郎”,大体分为三部分。
第一部分1―126首是诗人献给一位“年轻朋友”,他称之为“爱友”的人。
在这126首诗中,诗人热情讴歌了“年轻朋友”的美貌、聪慧、高贵和真挚(1―99),指责了他的多疑和反复无常(100―125)。
第二部分从第127首至第152首,是献给“黑肤女郎”的。
在这一部分中,诗人表达了自己对她真挚的爱情,同时也责备了她的轻浮和放荡。
最后两首诗,诗人引用希腊神话赞美爱情,可以看作是127―152首诗的终曲。
十四行诗丰富的内容交织着深刻的内心体验、精妙的意象、以及色彩斑斓的社会生活和社会风俗,充分反映了莎士比亚的人文思想。
文艺复兴时期的人文主义者反对中世纪的禁欲主义、等级制度和神权制度,赞美人的价值、尊重人的个性。
在十四行诗中,诗人热情地赞颂人的美,在他眼中,“年轻朋友”就是所有美的化身,夏日、太阳、花朵、春天、收获都用来描述“朋友”的美。
在诗人眼中,“爱友”被赋予了自然中所有的美:“一切天生的俊秀都蕴含着你”(第53首)。
然而,美并不是孤立存在的。
莎士比亚认为要区分“内心的美”和“外貌的姣好”(第16首),真正的美在于二者的结合。
他谴责那些外表美丽却心灵肮脏的人,认为他们是“烂百合花”,“最贱的野草也比它高贵得多”(第94首)。
诗人不但赞颂人的美,还赞颂人的永恒。
在十四行诗中,莎士比亚经常提到时间,认为它是青春和美丽不共戴天的敌人。
因为时间“要把你青春的白昼化作黑夜”(第15首),所以美会变丑、生命会终结。
Sonnet 18(英文赏析)
Sonnet 18By William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.十四行诗（其十八）威廉·莎士比亚我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。
sonnet18的写作风格
sonnet18的写作风格《Sonnet 18》是英国文艺复兴时期著名诗人威廉·莎士比亚的一首十四行诗，被誉为他最具代表性的作品之一。
这首诗以其独特的写作风格而闻名于世，下面将从韵律、押韵、修辞手法和主题等方面来探讨《Sonnet 18》的写作风格。
首先，韵律是《Sonnet 18》的显著特点之一。
整首诗由三个四行节和一个两行节组成，每个四行节的韵脚都是交叉押韵（ABAB），而两行节则是连续押韵（CC）。
这种韵律的运用使得整首诗的节奏感强烈，读起来流畅而优美。
此外，每个节的音节也是有规律的，通常是十个音节，称为“十音步”。
这种规律的韵律和音节使得《Sonnet 18》具有一种独特的韵律美，使读者在朗读或欣赏时能够感受到一种和谐的节奏。
其次，押韵是《Sonnet 18》的另一个显著特点。
莎士比亚在这首诗中运用了丰富的押韵手法，使得整首诗的押韵丰富多样。
例如，在第一节中，他使用了“May”和“day”、“fade”和“shade”等押韵词，这种押韵手法使得诗歌更加生动有趣。
此外，莎士比亚还巧妙地运用了内部押韵，如“temperate”和“date”、“complexion”和“perfection”，这种内部押韵使得诗歌更加富有层次感和韵律美。
再次，修辞手法是《Sonnet 18》的又一特点。
莎士比亚在这首诗中运用了丰富的修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、排比等，使得诗歌更加生动有力。
例如，在第一节中，他使用了比喻手法将夏天比作“租借的时间”，将夏天的美丽与永恒的艺术相对比，表达了对美的赞美和追求。
此外，在整首诗中，莎士比亚还使用了拟人手法，如将太阳形容为“眼睛”，将死亡形容为“永恒的睡眠”，这种拟人手法使得诗歌更加生动有趣，给人以强烈的视觉和感官的冲击。
最后，主题是《Sonnet 18》的核心。
整首诗以赞美之情贯穿始终，表达了诗人对美的追求和对爱情的赞美。
诗人通过将夏天的美丽与艺术相对比，表达了对美的追求和对永恒的渴望。
Sonnet_18(英文赏析)
Sonnet 18By William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.十四行诗（其十八）威廉·莎士比亚我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。
Sonnet 18-1
押韵 rhyme抑扬格 iambic五音步 pentameterSonnet历史Sonnet 18 译文赏析 Interpretation in detail威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare, 1564-1616）是英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家和诗人。
他的剧作和十四行诗受到全世界人民的喜爱，也是全世界人民的文化遗产。
在中国，他的十四行诗的普及性超过了他的戏剧（尽管事实上和他的诗歌比起来，他的戏剧更成功）。
而在他的十四行诗中，Sonnet 18就是人们偏爱中的一首。
这种诗行也叫做英国式十四行诗。
它由英国诗人怀特（Sir Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542）从意大利引入（他的诗歌的韵脚大多为abba abba cddc ee），由萨雷（Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, 约1517-1547）改造（韵脚为abab cdcd efef gg），为莎士比亚在十四行诗所使用。
也正是由于这首诗的典型性和代表性，它出现在了中国关于英语诗歌的大部分书籍里。
为了更好地探讨诗歌的赏评，现就本诗先作一个简要的赏析。
这首诗是莎士比亚献给一位“黑肤女性”（the dark lady）的（也有人认为，第1至126首十四行诗都是献给一位贵族男士的），也是公认的名篇。
全诗的基本节律是五音步抑扬格，包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个两行组(couplet)。
韵脚为abab cdcd efef gg。
原文和韵律标注如下（“∨” 为弱音，“—”为强音）：Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date;Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm’d；And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st;So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— a ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— b ——∨—∨—∨—∨— a ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— b ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— c ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— d ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— c ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— d ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— e∨—∨—∨∨∨—∨— f∨∨——∨—∨∨∨— e∨∨∨—∨—∨—∨— f ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— g∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— g这里我们不难看出，在第三行里，“rough winds”的出现打破了全诗抑扬格的节奏，使读者感到了夏日里狂风的残暴，从而衬托出了“你”的温柔。
sonnet18诗歌解析
sonnet18诗歌解析莎士比亚的Sonnet 18是他最著名的十四行诗之一，也被称为“夏天之歌”。
这首诗是一首十四行抒情诗，采用了典型的莎士比亚十四行诗的结构，包括三个四行的四行诗和一个以两行组成的结尾的双行诗。
诗歌的主题是赞美诗人所爱的对象，并通过比喻夸赞她的美丽和永恒。
在这首诗中，诗人将他所爱的人比作夏天，但也指出夏天的美丽是短暂的，而她的美丽将永远存在下去。
首先，诗歌的开头两行“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate:”表明了诗人要将他所爱的人与夏天进行对比，但随后他又指出她比夏天更可爱更温和。
这种对比突出了她的美丽和永恒。
其次，诗中提到“Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,”这句话描绘了夏天的风暴和动荡，与此形成对比的是“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines”，表达了夏天的酷热。
这些描述强调了夏天的不稳定和短暂，与诗人所爱的人的美丽形成了对比。
此外，诗中还提到“But thy eternal summer shall notfade”，这句话表达了诗人对所爱人美丽永恒的信念，即使时间流逝，她的美丽也不会凋谢。
最后，诗歌的结尾两行“So long as men can breathe oreyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”表达了诗人的信念，即只要人类存在，这首诗也将永存下去，而她的美丽也将因此而得以永生。
总的来说，Sonnet 18是一首赞美之歌，通过对比夏天的短暂和变化与所爱人的永恒美丽，表达了诗人对所爱人的赞美和珍视之情。
这首诗以其优美的语言和深刻的意境，成为了莎士比亚诗歌中的经典之作。
sonnet 18诗歌赏析
sonnet 18诗歌赏析摘要：一、概述莎士比亚sonnet 18诗歌背景及地位二、分析诗歌主题及情感表达三、解读诗歌艺术手法及特点四、评价诗歌在文学史上的影响和价值正文：莎士比亚的sonnet 18诗歌是著名的十四行诗之一，被誉为“莎士比亚十四行诗中最美丽的一首”。
这首诗歌以对美丽永恒的赞美为主题，表达了人类对美好事物的渴望与珍视。
首先，诗歌背景方面，sonnet 18与莎士比亚的其他十四行诗一样，创作于16世纪末17世纪初。
这首诗歌写给了一位年轻的男子，表达了诗人对这位男子美丽、纯洁和才华的赞美。
在诗歌中，莎士比亚将这位男子比喻为春天的花朵，寓意着他的美丽和青春。
其次，诗歌主题及情感表达方面，sonnet 18以春天为背景，通过对大自然的描绘，表现了诗人对美丽事物的热爱。
诗歌中，莎士比亚运用了诸多比喻、拟人等修辞手法，将自然景象与男子的美貌、气质相融合，传达出诗人对美好事物的渴望和珍视。
同时，诗人也意识到美丽是短暂的，春天总会过去，因此诗歌中蕴含着对永恒美丽的追求。
在艺术手法及特点方面，sonnet 18遵循了莎士比亚十四行诗的格式，具有典型的三韵句和五韵句结构。
诗歌韵律优美，行文流畅，充满了诗意。
此外，诗人巧妙地运用了押韵、抑扬顿挫等手法，使诗歌更具音乐性。
在语言上，莎士比亚运用了大量生动的描绘性词汇，形象地展现了大自然的美丽。
最后，在文学史上的影响和价值方面，sonnet 18被誉为莎士比亚十四行诗的代表作之一，对后世文学创作产生了深远的影响。
这首诗歌展示了莎士比亚卓越的文学才华和审美观，为后世诗人树立了典范。
同时，sonnet 18也成为了英语文学史上不可或缺的一部分，丰富了英语诗歌的传统。
总之，莎士比亚的sonnet 18是一首表达了对美丽永恒追求的诗歌。
通过对春天景象和男子美貌的赞美，诗人展现了人类对美好事物的渴望与珍视。
赏析莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首
暗喻 （ｍｅｔａｐｈｏｒ） 和拟人 （ｐｅｒｓｏｎｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ） 的使 用。暗喻是对表面上不相似的东西进行不明确的比 拟 。 如 在 第 四 行 “ Ａｎｄ ｓｕｍｍｅｒ’ ｓ ｌｅａｓｅ ｈａｔｈ ａｌｌ ｔｏｏ ｓｈｏｒｔ ａ ｄａｔｅ （夏 季 的 日 子 又 未 免 太 短 暂）”的“ｌｅａｓｅ （期限，租赁使用期）”和“ｄａｔｅ （持 续时间）”这两个词上，它们是法律用语，意思是把 夏日比作是房屋，是向大自然租借来的东西，因此 它的使用期是有限的；同时也暗指青春、美丽持续 的时间都是有限的。拟人是将一件事情、一个物体， 或一个想法当作人物来呈现。这种修辞格在该诗中 也 多 次 使 用 到 。 如 在 第 五 行 “ Ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅ ｔｏｏ ｈｏｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｙｅ ｏｆ ｈｅａｖｅｎ ｓｈｉｎｅｓ （有时候苍天的巨眼照 得太灼热）”中的“ｔｈｅ ｅｙｅ ｏｆ ｈｅａｖｅｎ”，即它把 天空比作是人，它是有眼睛的，也就是指太阳。这 个 拟人 手 法延 伸 到 了下 一 行 “Ａｎｄ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｉｓ ｈｉｓ ｇｏｌｄ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｏｎ ｄｉｍｍｅｄ （他那金彩的脸色也会被 遮暗）”中的“ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｏｎ （肤色，脸）”一词上，只 有人才能谈肤色，所以诗人把太阳也拟人化了。还 有在第三行 “ Ｒｏｕｇｈ ｗｉｎｄｓ ｄｏ ｓｈａｋｅ ｔｈｅ ｄａｒ－ ｌｉｎｇ ｂｕｄｓ ｏｆ Ｍａｙ （狂风会吹落五月里盛开的花 朵） 中的“ｄａｒｌｉｎｇ （亲爱的，可爱的）”这个词上， 即诗人把“ｂｕｄｓ （花蕾）”人格化了，表达了诗人对 花蕾的一种欣赏和爱怜的感情。
Sonnet18赏析[修订]
![Sonnet18赏析[修订]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0fcd8922f011f18583d049649b6648d7c1c708d8.png)
赏析：莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。
莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。
他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。
据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。
这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。
也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。
当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。
莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。
他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。
诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。
诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。
自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。
那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。
但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。
五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。
这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。
而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。
“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。
“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。
“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。
那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。
诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。
全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。
诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。
Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heart.The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is movingalong too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyoneelse around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.。
赏析莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首
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Ａｎｄ ｓｕｍ／ｍｅｒ＇ｓ ｌｅａｓｅ／ ｈａｔｈ ａｌｌ／ ｔｏｏ ｓｈｏｒｔ／ ａ ｄａｔｅ：
Ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅ／ ｔｏｏ ｈｏｔ／ ｔｈｅ ｅｙｅ ／ｏｆ ｈｅａ／ｖｅｎ ｓｈｉｎｅｓ，
Ａｎｄ ｏｆｔｅｎ／ ｉｓ ｈｉｓ ／ｇｏｌｄ ｃｏｍ／ｐｌｘｉｏｎ ｄｉｍｍ＇ｄ； Ａｎｄ ｅｖｅ／ｒｙ ｆａｉｒ ／ｆｒｏｍ ｆａｉｒ／ ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅ ／ｄｅ－ ｃｌｉｎｅｓ， Ｂｙ ｃｈａｎｃｅ，／ ｏｒ ｎａ／ｔｕｒｅ＇ｓ ｃｈａｎ／ｇｉｎｇ ｃｏｕｒｓｅ，／ ｕｎｔｒｉｍｍ＇ｄ； Ｂｕｔ ｔｈｙ／ ｅｔｅｒ／ｎａｌ ｓｕｍ／ｍｅｒ ｓｈａｌｌ／ ｎｏｔ ｆａｄｅ， Ｎｏｒ ｌｏｓｅ／ ｐｏｓｓｅｓ／ｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ／ｔｈａｔ ｆａｉｒ／ ｔｈｏｕ ｏｗ＇ｓｔ； Ｎｏｒ ｓｈａｌｌ／ Ｄｅａｔｈ ｂｒａｇ ／ｔｈｏｕ ｗａｎ／ｄｅｒ’ ｓｔ ｉｎ／ ｈｉｓ ｓｈａｄｅ， Ｗｈｅｎ ｉｎ／ ｅｔｅｒ／ｎａｌ ｌｉｎｅｓ／ ｔｏ ｔｉｍｅ／ ｔｈｏｕ ｇｒｏｗｅｓｔ； Ｓｏ ｌｏｎｇ／ ａｓ ｍｅｎ ／ｃａｎ ｂｒｅａｔｈｅ／， ｏｒ ｅｙｅｓ ／ｃａｎ ｓｅｅ， Ｓｏ ｌｏｎｇ／ ｌｉｖｅｓ ｔｈｉｓ／， ａｎｄ ｔｈｉｓ ／ｇｉｖｅｓ ｌｉｆｅ／ ｔｏ ｔｈｅｅ． 中文译作②如下： 能不能让我来把你比作夏日？ 你可是更加可爱，更加温婉； 狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿， 夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂： 有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热， 他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗； 每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落， 被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残； 但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯， 你永远不会失去你美的形相： 死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅， 你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长； 只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见， 我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。（屠岸 译） 这首诗的格律是抑扬格五音步。每行有十个音 节 （五个音步，诗中用／划分），从诗歌结尾的双偶 句来看，多数音步的第一个音节弱读，第二个音节 重读 （重读音节用下划线标注），称为抑扬格，其韵 式为ａｂａｂ ｃｄｃｄ ｅｆｅｆ ｇｇ，如每行的结尾“ｄａｙ－ｍａｙ”、 “ ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｅ－ ｄａｔｅ”、“ｓｈｉｎｅｓ－ ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｓ”、“ ｄｉｍｍ＇ｄ－ ｕｎｔｒｉｍｍ＇ｄ”、 “ ｆａｄｅ－ ｓｈａｄｅ”、 “ ｏｗ＇ｓｔ－ ｇｒｏｗ＇ｓｔ” 和 “ｓｅｅ－ ｔｈｅｅ”都构成押韵。这种格局犹如轻重相间婉 转动听的音律，给听觉带来艺术享受，犹如潺潺之 流水，有轻有重，有缓有急，曲折跌宕，节奏富于 变化。最后两行诗自成一体，是一个双偶句 （两句 押韵的抑扬格五音步诗行），用来点明全诗的主题， 是全诗点睛之笔，又自成一联警语格言。那么，对 诗人而言，诗的结构越严谨，就越难抒情，而诗人 自由奔放、热烈真挚的感情却在诗歌中娓娓道出，
sonnet 18—by William Shakespeare赏析
sonnet 18—by William Shakespeare赏析09级汉语言文学郑响英200921010128Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmedBut thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe，or eyes can see,So long lives，this and this gives life to thee.鲁迅《花边文学》中这样写到——严复提起过“狭斯丕尔”，一提便完；梁启超说过“莎士比亚”，也不见有人注意；田汉译了这人的一点作品，现在似乎不大流行了。
到今年，可又有些“莎士比亚”“莎士比亚”起来。
雨果也曾经这样评价到——迎着耻辱和嘲讽，莎士比亚跃出，头带风暴，冲破云层，幽晦的诗人写了一部作品，那样艰涩，那样壮丽、恢宏，光彩夺目，满是深渊，眩晕，光焰射向山顶，在未闻的幽境，那么阴沉、丰富，三百年来，思想家迷蒙，凝视他，惊愕，那是一切的归宿，那是人类心灵深处的一座山峰。
Sonnet18赏析
赏析：莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。
莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。
他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。
据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。
这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。
也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。
当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。
莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。
他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。
诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。
诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。
自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。
那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。
但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。
五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。
这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。
而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。
“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。
“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。
“你”是什么“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。
那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。
诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。
全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。
诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。
Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty ofthe beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.。
Sonnet 18的分析
十四行诗起源于13世纪的意大利，16世纪上半叶由英国诗人 萨利和魏阿特引入英国，风靡一时。莎士比亚的十四行诗早 在1960年前发表就以手抄本的形式流传民间，其主题思想以 歌颂爱情与友谊为主。这些诗共154首，分为三组。第一组 （1～126首）写给一位青年男子，诗人告诫他要早些结婚， 生儿育女; 第二组（127～152）描写一位姿色不佳的“黑肤 女郎”（dark lady），诗人对他的态度是毫不掩饰的喜欢； 第三组（153～154）与前两组毫无关系，好像是同一首诗 写了两遍。在韵脚上，莎士比亚创作了自己的诗韵，即有名 的莎士比亚十四行诗韵：abab, cdcd, efef, gg。
万物在春季复苏夏天旺盛所以夏天是生命最旺盛的季节诗歌前六句诗人歌颂了诗中的主人公你作为美的存在却把夏天娇蕾和烈日都比下去因为它们不够温婉太短暂会被遮暗所以你的魅力远远胜于夏天
Sonnet 18
By William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare 1564-1616
He was born on 23 April 1564 and died on 23 April 1616.
you
you
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? gentle You are Thou art more lovely and more temperate: strong winds lovely charming; Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, pleasing duration, time allotted has And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
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sonnet 18―by William Shakespeare赏析sonnet 18―by William Shakespeare赏析
09级汉语言文学郑响英 202121010128
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold
complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed
But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair
thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe，or eyes can see, So long lives，this and this gives life to thee.
鲁迅《花边文学》中这样写到――严复提起过“狭斯丕尔”，一提便完；梁启超说过“莎士比亚”，也不见有人注意；田汉译了这人的一点作品，现在似乎不大流行了。
到今年，可又有些“莎士比亚”“莎士比亚”起来。
雨果也曾经这样评价到――迎着耻辱和嘲讽，莎士比亚跃出，头带风暴，冲破云层，幽晦的诗人写了一部作品，那样艰涩，那样壮丽、恢宏，光彩夺目，满是深渊，眩晕，光焰射向山顶，在未闻的幽境，那么阴沉、丰富，三百年来，思想家迷蒙，凝视他，惊愕，那是一切的归宿，那是人类心灵深处的一座山峰。
可见中西方学者历来对莎士比亚就有极其高地赞誉。
莎翁是欧洲文艺复兴时期的三大巨人
之一，在他的众多作品中，《十四行诗集》尤为引人关注。
他的十四行诗集的魅力绝不仅
仅在于其神秘性和那种特殊的亲切感，还在于作为诗本身，这部诗集在多方面的成就，也
是令人叹为观止的。
在莎翁的 154 首十四行诗中，第十八首被公认为其中最具代表性的
一首。
有学者评此诗曰：“灿若朝霞，情调优美，又有足够的深度，正如莎士比亚本人夸
口的那样是一首不朽的十四行诗。
”莎翁的sonnet18是献给一位俊俏不凡、“美若女子”的年轻男子南安普敦伯爵的，然而莎翁的同性恋癖好一直众说纷纭，英国的“惊世”油
画的发现，更是引起了热议。
我们且不议它是一首爱情诗还是一首友情诗，它的至真
至美毫无疑问是值得我们细细品究的。
国内此诗的译文各式各样，此文就权且以屠岸的译文为参考来领略莎士比亚独具特色
的诗歌艺术和语言魅力，欣赏这首十四行诗的永恒之美。
能不能让我来把你比作夏日？你可是更加可爱，更加温婉；狂风会吹落五月里开
的好花儿，夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂：有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那
金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代
谢所摧残；但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的形相：死神夸
不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长；只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看
得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。
一．形式和结构中展现的韵律之美
莎翁的第十八首十四行诗结构严谨，韵律和谐，读起来节奏鲜明，抑扬有致，如婉转
悠扬的音乐，从山谷传来，轻松流畅，飘荡回旋，不绝于耳。
这首“莎士比亚式”十四行诗，在形式上运用了三个四行和一个双偶句。
这种格局犹如轻重相间婉转动听的音律，给
听觉带来艺术享受，犹如潺潺之流水，有轻有重，有缓有急，曲折跌宕，节奏富于变化。
最后两行诗自成一体，是一个双偶句，用来点明全诗的主题，是全诗点睛之笔，又自成一
联警语格言。
那么，对诗人而言，诗的结构越严谨，就越难抒情，而诗人自由奔放、热烈
真挚的感情却在诗歌中娓娓道出，毫不拘谨。
那么，诗人运用如此完美的诗歌艺术形式要
表达什么深邃的思想呢？
二.主题和内容中体现的人文之美
莎士比亚的第十八首十四行诗表达了人文主义的主题思想：爱征服一切，美常驻人间。
英国伊丽莎白时期的爱情诗佳作如云，而莎士比亚的十四行诗在那个时代却独领风骚。
他
的诗歌颂和肯定了人的价值和力量，表扬和赞颂了人高贵的尊严和理性，用深刻的语言阐
释了人文主义的思想。
人文主义的思想同样渗透在第十八首十四行诗中。
这首诗以夏天的
意象展开了想象，我们的脑海会立即浮现出绿荫的繁茂，娇蕾的艳丽。
但这里的夏日实际
上不是我们通常理解的“夏日炎炎”的夏日。
英国的夏季气候一般舒适宜人，近似中国北
方地区的晚春，让人产生愉快、美好的联想。
而且这里的夏日既表示诗人的友人可爱，让
人感到可意。
万物在春季复苏，夏天旺盛，所以夏天是生命最旺盛的季节，诗歌前六句，
诗人歌颂了诗中的主人公“你”作为美的存在，却把“夏天”、“娇蕾”和“烈日”都比
下去，因为它们不够“温婉”、“太短暂”、“会被遮暗”，所以“你”的魅力远远胜于
夏天。
第七和第八两句指出每一种美都会转瞬即逝，禁不住风吹雨打，而第九句到第十二
句指出“你”的美将永驻，连死神都望而却步，与时间同长的美才是永恒的美。
因为“你”在诗歌中永恒，千百年来天地间只要有诗歌艺术的存在，诗歌和“你”就能够永生。
所以“你”的美永不枯凋，这是一种生命的美，艺术的美，永驻人间。
诗人不但歌颂了美，还
赞扬了爱。
诗人对“你”的歌颂与赞美不仅停留在对外在美的迷恋，而且歌颂了“你”的
美德，因为这种美才能艳压群芳，连死神在他面前也不敢夸口。
这就是智慧的美，最有力
量的美，因为它是与爱紧紧相连的。
这种爱不就是存在于人的价值中吗？莎士比亚肯定了
人的价值，因为人类作为万物的主宰，拥有丰富的情感，高贵的理性，无尽的智慧与爱的
能力。
在这首诗中，诗人体验到了美的感受，才抒发了饱含爱意的感情，肯定了人类爱的
力量，这是爱是对生命的热爱，对艺术的挚爱。
只要人类延续，生命就会绵延，艺术就能
永
恒。
三.修辞手法中展现的语言之美
语言的美不仅体现在用词的精确上，而且还体现在表达方法的多变上。
在这一首简短
的十四行诗中，莎士比亚却灵活巧妙地运用了多种修辞手法，这些修辞手法为表达主题锦
上添花，更体现了莎士比亚诗歌中的语言之美。
诗歌中所运用到的修辞手法一一细数开来，如明喻、暗喻、拟人等等。
总的来说，莎士比亚的这首诗为我们描绘了夏日的璀璨，无论从形式还是内容，从主
题方面还是语言方面，都能堪称是诗歌中的精品。
这首诗描绘了生命与自然是永恒的和谐
美好的存在，唤起我们
对生活和生命的热爱。
它让我们感到人与自然息息相融，它犹如大自然变幻的感觉，
掠过我们的发际，走过我们赏花于五月的心田，并凝住我们美好的希望。
这种贮藏于心灵
的永恒之美与世之真爱，应该为全人类共同拥有，永世传唱。
感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。