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必须认知的词汇

必须认知的词汇

期末倒计时一天 ——必须准确认知的高频表达A ability n. 能力； 才能 above prep. 在……上面a. 上面的ad. 在……之上 abroad ad. 到（在）国外 accident n. 事故，意外的事 by accident 偶然（遇见） ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛 absence n. 不在，缺席 absent a. 缺席， 不在 accept vt. 接受（主动） receive （被动）收到 achieve vt. 达到，取得 across prep. 横过，穿过 through 贯穿 action n. 行动 act n. 法令，条例 v.表演，扮演（角色）；行动，做事 active a. 积极的，主动的 add vt. 添加，增加 advertisement n. 广告 afford vt. 负担得起（……的费用） against prep. 对着，反对；倚靠着 alive a. 活着的，存在的 alone a. 单独的lonely 孤独的 along ad.一同prep.沿着；顺着 ancient a. 古代的，古老的 anyway ad. 不管怎样 appear vi. 出现 area n. 面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，领域 article n. 文章；东西，物品；冠词 as ad.& conj. 像……一样；如同；因为 prep. 作为，当作；当，随着 awake (awoke, awoken) v. 唤醒 醒着的 attention n. 注意，关心 avoid v. 避免，躲开，逃避 appreciate 赏析；赞美 affect 影响 attractive 吸引人的 attract 吸引 author 作者 attitude 态度B background n. 背景 basic a. 基本的 base 基地 bear v. 忍受 beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打；跳动；打赢 n. （音乐）节拍 behaviour n. 行为，举止 beyond prep. (表示位置) 在……的那边 bill n. 账单；法案，议案； （美）钞票，纸币 birth n. 出生； 诞生 give birth to 导致，产生；生育 bitter a. 有苦味的；痛苦的，难过的；严酷的 blind a. 瞎的 board n. 木板；布告牌；委员会 v. 上（船、火车、飞机）；食宿 bottom n. 底部；底 brain n. 脑（子） brainstorm 头脑风暴 break (broke, broken) v. 打破（断，碎）； 损坏，撕开 (n.)休息片刻 breath n. 气息；呼吸 burn (-ed,-ed 或 burnt, burnt) v. 燃，烧， 着火；使烧焦；使晒黑 business n. （本分）工作，职业；职责； 生意，交易；事业 benefit 获益于…… blame 责备C cancel vt. 取消 cancer n. 癌 capital n. 首都，省会；大写；资本 captain n. （海军）上校；船长，舰长；队长 care n. 照料，保护；小心 v. 介意…，在乎；关心 careless a. 粗心的，漫不经心的 carry vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等 catch (caught,caught) v. 接住；捉住；赶上；染上（疾病） catch up with catch one ’s attention cause n. 原因，起因 vt. 促使，引起，使发生 celebrate v. 庆祝 centre (美 center ) n. 中心，中央 century n. 世纪，百年 certain a. （未指明真实名称的）某……； 确定的，无疑的；一定会…… chance n. 机会，可能性 cheat n. & v. 骗取，哄骗；作弊 check n. 检查；批改 vt. 校对，核对； 检查；批改 charge 充电，负责，指控 chest n. 箱子；盒子；胸部 choice n. 选择；抉择 circle n. 圆圈 vt. 将……圈起来 clap vi. 拍手； 鼓掌 class n. 等级，阶级；（学校里的）班；课 coach n. 教练；马车；长途车 coal n. 煤；煤块 coast n. 海岸；海滨 collect vt. 收集，搜集 common a. 普通的，一般的；共有的 have ……in common with company n. 陪伴；公司 compete vi. 比赛，竞赛 complete a. 完成的 vt. 完成，结束 composition n. 作文；作曲 condition n. 条件，状况 conference n. （正式的）会议；讨论 connect vt. 连接，把……联系起来 consider vt. 考虑，认为 control vt.& n. 控制 conversation n. 谈话，交谈 copy n. 抄本，副本；一本（份，册……） v. 抄写；复印；（计算机用语）拷（备 份盘） cost (cost, cost) v. 值（多少钱）；价值 count vt. 数，点数；重要，有价值 courage n. 勇气； 胆略 course n. 过程；经过；课程cover n. 盖子；罩 v. 覆盖，遮盖；掩盖 create vt. 创造； 造成creativecross n. 十字形的东西 vt. 越过；穿过 cruel a. 残忍的，残酷的；无情的concern 担心，关注concentrated 关心的，专注的c omfort 安慰content 满足command 指令，命令community 社区comment 评论contribute to 有助于……come up with 提出come out 出版carry on 继续开展carry out 实施，执行Ddare v.& aux.（后接不带to 的不定式；主要用于疑问，否定或条件句）敢，敢于date n. 日期；约会deaf a. 聋的deal v. 对付，应付，处理decision n. 决定；决心degree n. 程度；度数；学位depend vi. 依靠，依赖，指望；取决于 describe vt. 描写，叙述develop v. （使）发展；（使）发达；（使）发育；开发 vt. 冲洗（照片）development n. 发展，发达，发育，开发 dig (dug, dug) v. 挖（洞、沟等）；掘direct a. 直接的；直达的；直截了当的 vt.指挥；指导；监督；管理；指挥（演奏）；导演（电影） direction n. 方向；方位director n. 所长，处长，主任；董事；导演 discover vt. 发现disease n. 病，疾病dismiss vt. 让……离开；遣散；解散；解雇 disturb vt. 扰乱；打扰divide vt. 分，划分doubt n. & v. 怀疑，疑惑doubtfuldozen n. 十二个；几十，许多draw (drew, drawn) v. 绘画；绘制；拉，拖；提取（金钱）dress n. 女服，连衣裙；(统指)服装；童装v. 穿衣；穿着be dressed indrive(drove,driven) v. 驾驶，开（车）；驱赶 drop n. 滴 v. 掉下，落下；投递；放弃 drug n. 药，药物；毒品duty n. 责任，义务Eedge n. 边缘essential 基本的，必需的education n. 教育，培养effort n. 努力，艰难的尝试effect 影响have an effect oneither a.二者之一 conj. 二者之一；要么…… ad. （用于否定句或短语后）也 electric a. 电的 encourage vt. 鼓励 end n. 末尾；终点；结束 v. 结束，终止 energy n. 精力，能量 even ad. 甚至，连（……都）；更 ever ad. 曾经；无论何时 exact a. 精确的；确切的 exam=examination n. 考试，测试；检查；审查 examine vt. 检查；诊察 except prep. 除……之外 excite vt. 使兴奋，使激动 excuse n. 借口；辩解 vt. 原谅；宽恕 expect vt. 预料；盼望；认为 expectation 期待 unexpected 出人意料的 except 除……以外 experience n. 经验；经历 experiment n. 实验 explain vt. 解释，说明 express vt. 表达；表示；表情 n. 快车，特快专递 embarrassed 尴尬的 F fail v. 失败；不及格；衰退 fail to do 未做成功…… fair a. 公平的，合理的 focus on 聚焦于 fantastic a. 奇特的 (口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的 fear n. 害怕；恐惧； 担忧 fetch vt. （去）取（物）来,（去）带（人）来 field n. 田地；牧场；场地；领域 fight n. 打仗（架），争论 fight (fought, fought) v. 打仗（架），与……打仗（架） fight with fight for fill vt. 填空，装满 be filled with （被）装满 final a. 最后的；终极的 fit a. 健康的, 适合的 v. （使）适合，安装 fix vt. 修理；安装； 确定，决定 flat a. 平的 n. 楼中一套房间；公寓(常用复数) follow vt. 跟随；仿效；跟得上 force vt. 强迫，迫使n. 武力，力量 form n. 表格；形式；结构 formal 正式的 free a. 自由的，空闲的；免费的 v. 释放，使……自由 free from freeze (froze, frozen) vi. 结冰 forgive 原谅 frustrated 挫败的 G general a. 大体的，笼统的，总的 generous 大方慷慨的 gradually 逐渐地 gesture n. 姿势，手势 gift n. 赠品； 礼物；天赋 government n. 政府 grade n. 等级；(中小学的)学年；成绩，分数 v. 评分 grasp v. 抓住；紧握 guard n. 防护装置，警戒 guilt 自责的 get rid of 摆脱 H hard ad. 努力地；使劲；猛烈地 a.硬的； 困难的；艰难的 hardly ad. 几乎不 handle v.把握 head n. 头；头脑(像)；首脑；源头；标题 a. 头部的；主要的；首席的 v. 率领；加标题；用头顶；出发；驶向 height n. 高，高度 hide (hid, hidden) v. 把……藏起来，隐藏 hit (hit, hit) n.& vt. 打，撞，击中；突然想起；轰动 hold (held, held) vt.拿；抱；握住； 举行；进行；坚持 honest a. 诚实的，正直的 honour (美honor) n. 荣誉，光荣 vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉 huge a. 巨大的，庞大的 human being 人 humorous a. 富于幽默的 hurt (hurt, hurt) vt. 伤害，受伤；伤人感情 I imagine vt. 想像，设想 imagination 想象力 immediately ad. 立即 improve vt. 改进，更新 include vt. 包含，包括 increase v. & n. 增加，繁殖 industry n. 工业，产业 influence n.& v. 影响 information n. 信息 insist vi. 坚持；坚决认为 instead ad. 代替，顶替 instruction n. 说明，须知；教导 intend vt. 想要，打算 interest n. 兴趣，趣味；利息 international a. 国际的 interview n.& vt. 采访，会见，面试 introduce vt. 介绍 infer 推断 J joy n. 欢乐，高兴，乐趣 just1 ad. 刚才；恰好；不过；仅 just2 a. 公正的 K keep (kept, kept) v. 保持；保存；继续不断 vt. 培育，饲养 key n. 钥匙；答案；键；关键 kick v.& n. 踢 knock n.& v. 敲；打；击 knock at 敲（门） knock onknock down 打成……状态Llabour (美labor) n. 劳动；劳动力land n. 陆地；土地 v. 登岸（陆）；降落 last1 a. 最近刚过去的；最后的ad. 最近刚，过去；最后地 n. 最后last2 v. 持续lay (laid, laid) vt. 放，搁lead (led, led) v. 领导，带领leave (left, left) v. 离开；把……留下，剩下 leave sth./sb. +adj. 留下……处于（状态） lesson n. 课；功课；教训level n. 水平线，水平lie1 n.& vi. 谎言; 说谎lie2 (lay, lain) v. 躺；卧；平放；位于 lift1 v. 举起，抬起；（云、烟等）消散 lift2 n. （英）电梯light n. 光，光亮；灯，灯光vt. 点（火），点燃 a. 明亮的；轻的；浅色的 light up 点亮like1 prep. 像，跟……一样like2 vt. 喜欢，喜爱live1 vi. 生活；居住；活着live2 a. 活的，活着的；实况，现场（直播）的 look n. 看，瞧 v. 看，观看 v. link 看起来 Mmagic a. 有魔力的mail n. 邮政，邮递 v. （美）邮寄main a. 主要的manage v. 管理；设法对付manage to do 成功做……make it 成功做到mark n. 标记 vt. 标明，作记号于marry v. （使）成婚，结婚master vt. 精通，掌握match1 vt. 使相配，使成对；符合；相匹敌 match2 n. 比赛，竞赛mean(meant,meant) vt. 意思是，意指; adj.吝啬的，刻薄的medical a. 医学的，医疗的meet (met, met) vt. 遇见，见到 n. 会；集会 相会；满足memory n. 回忆，记忆mention n. 提及；记载 vt. 提到，说起；提名表扬message n. 消息，音信；寓意，哲理 metal n. 金属 a. 金属制成的method n. 方法，办法model n. 模型，原形；范例；模范modern a. 现代的monitor n. （班级内的）班长；监视器 v. 管理murder vt. 谋杀mental 精神上的，心理上的measure 衡量，措施Nname n. 名字，姓名，名称 vt. 命名，名叫 national a. 国家的，全国性的，民族的 natural a. 自然的neighbour (美 neighbor) n. 邻居，邻人 native 本国的，本土的 noisy a. 喧闹的，嘈杂的 normal n.& a. 正常的（状态） note n. 便条，笔记，注释；钞票，纸币；音符，音调 vt. 记下，记录；注意，留意 notice n. 布告，通告；注意 vt. 注意，注意到 nurse n. 护士；保育员；照顾 O object n. 物，物体； 宾语 offer n.& vt. 提供； 建议 OK ad. （口语）好，对，不错 once n.& ad. 一次，一度，从前 conj. 一旦 operation n. 手术，操作 operate v. 操作，操控 order1 n. 顺序 order2 vt. 定购，定货；点菜；命令 over prep. 在……上方；越过；遍及ad. 翻倒；遍布；越过；结束 own a. 自己的 v. 拥有，所有 owner n. 物主，所有人 on one ’s own 某人自己 organize 组织 P package n. （尤指包装好或密封的容器）一包，一袋，一盒 paint n. 油漆 vt. 油漆，粉刷，绘画 pale a. 苍白的，灰白的 pardon n. 原谅，宽恕，对不起 part n. 部分；成分；角色；部件；零件a.局部的；部分的 v. 分离；分开；分割 passage n. （文章等的）一节，一段； 通道；走廊 path n. 小道，小径 patient n. 病人；adj. 有耐心的 percent n. 百分之…… period n. 时期，时代 pioneer n. 先锋，开拓者 pity n. 怜悯，同情 place n. 地方，处所 v. 放置，安置，安排 plain a. 家常的； 普通的；（人）相貌平平 plastic a. 塑料的 pleasant a. 令人愉快的，舒适的 please v. 请；使人高兴，使人满意 pleasure n. 高兴，愉快 point v. 指，指向 n. 点； 分数 polite a. 有礼貌的，有教养的 policy n.政策 pond n. 池塘 poor a. 贫穷的；可怜的；不好的,差的 pop = popular a. (口语)大众的，通俗的 popular a. 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的 population n. 人口，人数 position n. 位置 post n. 邮政，邮寄，邮件 v. 投寄； 邮寄 praise n.& vt. 赞扬，表扬 present n. 礼物，赠品 adj. 目前的，现在的，在场的 v. 赠送，表明 pretty a. 漂亮的，俊俏的；非常 prevent vt. 防止, 预防 pride n. 自豪，骄傲 primary a. 初等的；初级的 print vt. 印刷 prison n. 监狱 poison 有毒的 private a. 私人的 probably ad. 很可能，大概 produce vt. 生产；制造 programme (美program) n. 节目；项目 progress n. 进步，上进 vi. 进展； 进行 process 过程 possess 拥有 promise n.& vi. 答应，允诺 proper a. 恰当的，合适的 prove vt. 证明 provide vt. 提供 public a. 公共的，公众的 n. 公众 punish v. 惩罚，处罚 pollute 污染 purpose n.目的，意图 Q quiet a. 安静的；寂静的 quite ad. 非常，很 R race n. 赛跑，竞赛；种族 raise vt. 使升高； 饲养；抬起；培育；捐赠 rapid a. 快的，迅速的 rather ad. 相当，宁可 reach v. 到达，伸手（脚等）够到 realise (美realize) vt. 认识到，实现 reason vi. 评理； 劝说 n. 理由，原因 recent a. 近来的，最近的 recite v. 背诵 record n. 记录； 唱片 record v. 录制，记录 refuse vi. 拒绝，不愿 regard v. 把……看作 regret n.& vt. 可惜，遗憾；痛惜；哀悼 remain vt. 余下，留下 vi. 保持，仍是 repair n.& vt. 修理；修补 reply n. 回答，答复 response react 反应 reflect 反映 require vt. 需求； 要求 rest n. 休息；剩余的部分，其余的人（物） vi. 休息，歇息 result n. 结果，效果 review vt. 重新调查； 回顾； 复习 n. 复查；复习；评论 right n. 权利 a. 对，正确的 ad. 正确地，恰恰，完全地 a. 右，右边的 rise (rose, risen) vi. 上升，上涨 risk n. 风险 role n. 角色 rope n. 绳，索 rubber n. 橡胶； 合成橡胶 rule n. 规则，规定；v. 统治 run (ran, run) vi. 跑，奔跑； rush vi. 冲，奔跑in ruin 成为废墟run v. 运营，运转；经营run out of 用光，用完rate 比率realize 意识到；实现recognize 识别Ssatisfy vt. 满足，使满意save vt. 救，挽救，节省 score n.& v. 得分，分数seat n. 座位，座second n. 秒secretary n. 秘书；书记seldom ad. 很少，不常 sense n. 感觉，意识sentence n. 句子；v. 判决separate v. 使分开，使分离a. 单独的，分开的 serious a. 严肃的，严重的；认真的serve vt. 招待（顾客等），服务；把……端上桌 serve as 充当，作为set n. 装备，设备 vt. 设置（布景，背景） set (set, set) vt. 释放，安置shake (shook, shaken) v. （使）动摇，震动 shame n. 遗憾的事；羞愧shape n. 形状，外形 v. 使成型，制造，塑造 share vt. 分享，共同使用；n. 份额shine (shone, shone 或 -d, -d) v. 发光；照耀；杰出；擦亮show n. 展示，展览（会）；演出show (showed, shown 或 showed) v. 给……看,出示，显示shut (shut, shut) v. n. 关上，封闭；禁闭 sick a. 有病的，患病的；（想）呕吐 side n. 边，旁边，面，侧面sight n. 视觉，视力；情景，风景silly a. 傻的，愚蠢的similar a. 相似的，像simple a. 简单的，简易的simple minded a. 纯朴的； 头脑简单的 since ad. 从那时以来 conj. 从……以来，……以后，由于single a. 单一的，单个的situation n. 形势，情况skill n. 技能，技巧sleepy a. 想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的smart a. 灵巧的，伶俐的；（人、服装等）时髦的，帅的smooth a. 光滑的； 平坦的social a. 社会的；社交的soft a. 软的，柔和的solid a. 结实的，固体的 n. 固体sort vt. 把……分类，拣选 n. 种类，类别 sound vi. 听起来；发出声音 n. 声音 spare a. 空闲的，多余的，剩余的speed n. 速度 v. （使）加速spirit n. 精神spread v. 延伸； 展开spring n. 春天，春季，泉水standard n. & a. 标准（的）stand 忍受，支持，奋斗 state n. 状态； 情形；国家，（美国的）州 v. 陈述 stable 稳固的 steal (stole, stolen) vt. 偷, 窃取 steel n. 钢 钢铁 step n. 脚步，台阶，梯级；步骤 vi. 走； 跨步 stick (stuck, stuck) vi. 粘住，钉住；坚持 n. 木棒（棍），枝条 still ad. 仍然，还；静止的 stomach n. 胃，胃部 stream n. 小河； 溪流 strong a. 强(壮)的；坚固的； 强烈的；坚强的 strength 力气 strengthen 加固，加强 subject n. 题目；主题；学科 sudden a. 突然的 suggest vt. 建议，提议；表明 supply vt.& n. 供给，供应 support 赞成，支持 suppose vt. 猜想，假定，料想 surface n. 表面 surprise vt. 使惊奇，使诧异 n. 惊奇，诧异 swing vt. 挥舞，摆动 n. 秋千 T take in 接纳，吸取；欺骗 take up 占据 take off 起飞，脱下 take on 录用 tale n. 故事, 传说 task n. 任务, 工作 temperature n. 温度 term n. 学期；术语；条款；项 terrible a. 可怕的；糟糕的 thick a. 厚的 thin a. 薄的；瘦的；稀的 thought n. 思考，思想 ；念头 through prep. 穿（通）过；从始至终 ad. 穿（通）过；自始至终，全部 tie vt. （用绳，线）系，拴，扎 n. 领带，绳子，结；关系 till conj.& prep. 直到，直到……为止ttiny a. 极小的，微小的tongue n. 舌，舌头total a. 总数的；总括的；完全的，全然的n. 合计，总计 v. 合计为touch vt. 触摸，接触touched 被打动了tour n. 参观, 观光, 旅行tourist n. 旅行者，观光者tourism 旅游业toward(s) prep. 向，朝，对于trade n. 贸易 vt. 用……进行交换traditional a. 传统的train n. 火车 v. 培训,训练translate vt. 翻译treasure n. 金银财宝； 财富treatment n. 治疗，疗法trouble vt. 使苦恼，使忧虑，使麻烦n. 问题，疾病，烦恼，麻烦trust vt. 相信，信任，信赖truth n. 真理，事实,真相，实际情况turn v. 旋转，翻转，转变，转弯 n. 轮流，（轮流的）顺序turn to 转向；向……求助transform 改观，变化transmit 传输Uugly a. 丑陋的； 难看的unless conj. 如果不，除非until prep. & conj. 直到……为止used a. 用过的；旧的；二手的Vvalue n. 价值，益处victory n. 胜利voice n. 说话声; 语态Wwake (woke, woken) v. 醒，醒来,叫醒 want vt. 想，想要；需要，必要warn vt. 警告，预先通知waste n.& vt. 浪费watch vt. 观看，注视；当心,注意way n. 路，路线；方式，手段weak a. 差的，弱的，淡的wealth n. 财产，财富wear (wore, worn) v. 穿，戴western a. 西方的，西部的whale n. 鲸whatever conj. & pro n. 无论什么，不管什么 wheel n. 轮，机轮wind (wound, wound) vt.蜿蜒,弯曲wise a. 聪明的，英明的，有见识的wonder v. 对……疑惑，感到惊奇，想知道n. 惊讶，惊叹；奇迹words n.话语work vi. 起作用，有影响；工作；(机器、器官等)运转，活动worth a. 有……的价值，值得……的 wound vt. 伤，伤害 n. 创伤，伤口 go wrong 出错。

英语认知词汇

英语认知词汇

短语动词(25组)l. break away 突然离开，强行逃脱down ①(机器等)损坏，出故障②(谈判等)破裂in(into) ①闯入②打断，插嘴off ①中断②断绝(关系等)out 爆发，发生through 突围，突破2）取得突破性成果up ①打碎，粉碎②终止，结束③散开，驱散2. bring about 导致，引起around ①说服，使信服②使恢复知觉down ①打落，打倒②降低forward 提出，提议②提前out ①1)生产，制造②出版，推出③使显出，显露up 养育，培养3．call for ①叫(某人)来②要求，需求in 叫(某人)进来，招来on ①拜访②号召off 取消up ①打电话(给) ②召集③使人想起4．come about 发生，产生·across 偶然遇见，碰上along ①出现，发生②进步，进展around ①苏醒，复原②顺便来访down 得，患(病，尤指传染性疾病)off 发生，举行②成功，奏效③脱落，分开on (表示鼓励，催促等)快，走吧②进步，进展③发生，开始out ①出现，显露②出版，发表③结果是to ①,总数为②涉及，谈到up 出现，走上前来up against 遇到(困难或反对)up to 等于，比得上up with 提出，想出(计划，答案，回答等)5．cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过back (尤指规模上)削减，缩减down (尤指数量，数额上)削减，减少in 插嘴，打断②超车抢档off 切断，中断out 割去，删去6．get away ①走开，离开②逃脱across (使……)被了解，讲清楚along ①前进，进展②相处③继续生活at ①够得着，触及②意指，意思是by ①通过，过得去，尚可②(勉强)过活down ①写下，记下down to 开始认真对待，认真着手on with ①与……(友好)相处②(中断后)继续over ①从(疾病，悲伤等)中恢复过来②克服(困难)，解决(问题)through ①干完(工作)，完成(任务) ②度过(时间)③花光(钱等)④(将……)讲清楚⑤打通电话7．give away ①赠送②泄露in ①认输，让步，屈服②交上，呈上off 释放出，散发出out 分发，散发8. go after 追求along with 赞同，支持②陪同前往back on 违背(诺言等)by ①(时间)过去②遵守，遵循for ①去请，去拿②袭击③适用于in for ①从事②爱好into 调查，研究②从事，参加off 爆炸，响起②停止运行，(电等)中断③不再喜欢over 仔细查看，检查②复习through ①遭受，经历(苦难等) ②审查，检查，搜查③(法案)等被通过，(计划等)被批准9．hand down 把……传下来in 交上，递交on 把……传下去out 分发，发给over 交出，移交10．hang about 闲荡，徘徊on 等待片刻，不挂断(电话) ②坚持下去，抓紧不放③有赖于，取决于onto 紧紧抓住up 挂断(电话)11. hold back ①踌躇，退缩不前②阻挡，阻止……发展③保守(秘密等)，隐瞒on ①握住不放②等一会儿onto 紧紧抓住，抓住不放out ①伸出②坚持(要求)，不屈服up 阻挡，使延迟②举起，承载12. keep back 隐瞒，保留②阻止，抑制down ①压缩，抑制②压制，镇压off (使)不接近，(使)让开to 遵守，信守②坚持up ①(使)继续下去，(使)不停止②坚持，保持up with 跟上，不落后13．1ay aside 把……搁置一旁②留存，储存off (临时性)解雇down 放下②规定，制订out 安排，布置，设计②摆出，展示14．1et down ①放下，降低②使失望off ①放(炮，烟火)，开(枪) ②免除(工作，约束，责任等)③宽容，从轻处理15．1ook back ①回头看②回顾，回忆down on 看不起，轻视in 顺便访问，顺便看望into 调查，过问on 观看，旁观out 注意，留神over (简短地)审视，检查，浏览through ①(从头至尾)浏览②详尽核查up (在词典，书籍中)查找16．make for ①走向．．，向．．．前进②有助于，促成out ①看出，辨认出②理解，明白③开列(帐单，收据等)up ①构成②编造③化妆④弥补⑤和解17. pay back 偿还，还钱给(某人) 回报, 向……报复off 还清(计划等)得到好结果,取得成功up 全部付清18．pull down ①拆毁，拉倒②拉下，降低in (车)停下，进站，(船)靠岸out ①拔出，抽出，取出②(车，船等)驶出over 把(车)驶到或驶向路边through 克服困难，度过难关up (使)停下19．put aside 储存，保留across 解释清楚，说明away 拿开，收起down ①记下，放下②镇压，平定forward 提出,提议in ①花费,付出(时间精力等) ②正式提出,申请off ①推迟，推延②阻止，劝阻on ①穿上，戴上②上演，演出③增加(体重)out ①熄灭,关灯②公布,发布③伸出④生产up ①建造,搭起②举起,升起③张贴④提高(价格，速度等)⑤提供食宿，投宿up with 容忍，忍受20．run away with (感情等)战胜,不受.....的约束down (车辆)撞倒2)说......的坏话3)减少,缩减into 1)(车辆)猛力撞到2)遇到(困难) 3)偶然碰见4)共计,达到....out 用完，耗尽over (车辆)碾过through ①贯穿，普遍存在于②浏览21. see about 办理，安排off 给……送行to ①注意，负责，照料through 看穿,识破22．set aside ①拔出，留出②把……置于一旁，不理会about 开始，着手apart ①使分离，使分开②使显得突出back ①推迟，延缓，阻碍②使花费down 写下，记下off ①)出发,起程②)引爆,激起,引起out ①)动身,起程②开始③(整齐地)摆出④陈述,阐明up 创立,建立23．stand by ①做好准备,准备行动②袖手旁观③站在.....一边,支持,帮助④4)坚持(决议等)，遵守(诺言等)for ①代表，象征②主张，支持out ①突出，醒目②杰出，出色up for 拥护，维护，坚持(权利，真理，信念等)up to ①勇敢地面对，抵抗②经得起，顶得住24．take after (在外貌，性格等方面)与(父母)相象away 减去apart (将小型机器等)分解，拆卸，拆开down ①(将大型机器或物件)分解，拆卸，拆开②记下，写下in ①欺骗②领会，理解③接纳，接受，吸收④容纳，包括off ①起飞②脱下on ①承担,从事(工作,责任等) ②呈现,具有(某种外貌特征) 3)雇用over 接受,接管to ①对.....产生好感,喜欢①沉溺于,形成.....的习惯up ①开始从事(某项活动) ②把……继续下去③着手处理④(活动，事件等)占去，占据25．turn down ①拒绝②关小，调低in ①交还，上交②上床睡觉off ①关掉②拐弯，离开……转入另·一条路on 接通，打开out ①结果是，(最后)证明是②制造，生产over ①仔细考虑②翻过来③交，移交to ①变成②求助于，借助于up ①出现，到来②开大，调大短语动词练习(30 题)1. Now that spring is here, you can ________ these fur coats fill you need them again next winter.A) put over B) put off C) put down D) put away2. The continuous rain__________ the harvesting of the wheat crop by two weeks.A) set back B) set off C) set out D) set aside3. She's fainted. Throw some water on her face and she'll__________.A) come round B) come along C) come on D) come out.4. Computer technology will _________ a revolution in business administration.A) bring around B) bring about C) bring out D) bring up5. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to ________the isolation of life in Alaska.A) break down B) break into C) break out D)break through6. I waited for him half an hour, but he never _________.A) turned in B) turned down C) turned off D) turned up7. Whenever a big company _______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.A) gets on with B) cuts down C) takes over D) puts up with8. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally_________.A) pulled out B) pulled through C) pulled up D) pulled over9. There was a big hole in the road which _________the traffic.A) kept down B) stood back C) held up D) set back10. Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the body's need for it from natural sources without turning _________ the salt bottle.A) up B) to C) on D) over11. In Disneyland every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to _________ signs asking his "guests" not to step on them.A) put down B) put out C) put up D) put off12. The bed has been _________in the family. It was my great-grandmother's originally.A) handed out B) handed over C) handed down D) handed round13. The early pioneers had to _________ many hardships to settle on the new land.A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into14. Our son doesn't know what to_________ at the university; he can't make up his mind about his future.A) take in B) take up C) take over D) take after15. A lorry ________ Jane's cat and sped away.A) ran over B) ran into C) ran through D) ran down16. When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _________ the exit as quickly as possible.A) made off B) made for C) made out D) made up17. Frequently single-parent children _________ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.A) take off B) take after C) take in D) take on18. We had to _________ a lot of noise when the children were at home.A) go in for B) hold on to C) put up with D) keep up with19. The car _________ halfway for no reason.A) broke off B) broke down C) broke up D) broke out20. Having decided to rent a flat, we ________ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.A) set about B) set down C) set out D) set up21. One day I _________ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby college.A) came across B) came about C) came after D) came at22. It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _______, you will succeed in the end.A) hang up B) hang about C) hang on D) hang onto23. The store had to ________ a number of clerks because sales were down.A) lay out B) lay off C) lay aside D) lay down24. A well-written composition _________ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A) calls on B) calls for C) calls up D) calls off25. Y ou're _______ something __________ from me; what is it?A) cutting...off B) cutting...back C) keeping...off D) keeping...back26. She's jealous of your success, that's why she's running you________.A) out B) down C) over D) through27. Will you ask the porter to our luggage?A) see through B) see about C) see off D) see to28. Can you tell me where I can my fireworks?A) let off B) give off C) keep off D) put off29. A new theory is in his latest book.A) put up B) put on C) put off D) put forward30. Tom would what he thought is right no matter what the cost to him.A) stand up for B) stand up to C) stand for D) stand by参考答案: 1-5 DAABD 6-10 DCBCB 11-15 CCCBA16-20 BDCBA 21-25 ACBBD 26-30 BDADA名词短语1. N. + aboutcomplaint about/for 抱怨,不满concern about 关怀,照顾discussion about/on/of 讨论,辩论information about/on 信息,情报opinion about/on 对……意见2. N. + againstcaution against 注意complaint against 控诉,不满insurance against ……的预防措施law against 与……打官司;禁止……的法律protection against 防护spite against 怨恨war against 对……战争3. N. + foraffection for/toward 爱情, 亲情ambition for 有...... 的奢望anxiety for 渴望attraction for 吸引capacity for 有……的能力cause for ……的理由,根据consideration for 考虑,体谅contempt for 对……蔑视cure for 治愈,纠正demand for 要求,强求excuse for 借口explanation for/of 对……做解释longing for 对……向往,渴望love for 爱……necessity for 为...... 所需need for 需要,要求passion for 对……的热爱,热衷preference for 偏爱mason for ……的理由regret for 对……歉意reputation for 名声request for 请求,要求requirement for 要求respect for 对……的尊敬,敬意responsibility for 对……负有责任substitute for 代替sympathy for 同情,怜悯talent for 有……天赋wish for 希望,愿望4. N. + fromabsence from 缺席,离开divorce from 离婚freedom from (限制,不安)的解放, 免除relief from(痛苦的)减轻, (暂时的)解除resignation from 离职retirement from 退休shelter from 遮蔽,避开5. N.+inaim in 目标,目的belief in 相信,信仰confidence in信赖，信任difficulty in难题，难事delight in喜欢，乐于faith in信仰fall in降低increase in增长，增加pride in以……自豪progress in在……有进步rise in增长success in在……成功，有好结果trust in相信，信任6．N．+ofabstract of摘要attack of患……病，为……侵袭burst of一阵突发的……care of忧虑(的事)，照料choice of选择，任选density of密集，稠密doubt of／about怀疑，不确定echo of回声，附和者，应声虫extent of程度，范围glimpse of一瞥，瞥见hint of暗示，迹象identity of身份intention of意图，意向involvement of参与lack of缺乏，不足love of爱好，喜好neglect of对……的疏忽possibility of可能性proof of 证据，证物prospect of前景roar of轰鸣声rush of迅速运动，匆忙sight of看见symbol of象征way of方法，方式，手段7．N．+onattack on攻击authority on权威(者)comment on意见，评说congratulation on祝贺dependence on依赖，依靠effect on对……有效果，影响emphasis on强调，重视impression on对(某人)有印象impact on对……有影响influence on对……有影响judgment on根据……作判断lecture on讲授mercy on／to慈悲，同情operation on手术outlook on见解，见地pressure on对……的压力rliance on依赖，依靠remark on意见，评论8．N．+toaccess to进入(权)，通道admission to入学，入场(券)answer to回答approach to方法，(思)路attention to注意barrier to障碍：障碍物blindness to对……不知道clue to线索end to结束entrance to入口，大门(口)exception to例外exposure to暴露gratitude to对……感谢guide to指南honour to……之光荣indifference to对……无兴趣，不关心key to关键，答案marriage to与……结婚objection to反对opposition to反对reply to回答response to回答resistance to抵制，反抗，反对right to有……权利solution to解决(方法)9．N．+withacquaintance with／of认识，结识alliance with与……联盟bargain with 与……订约chat with与……闲谈common with与……有共同点connection with与……有关consultation with与……协商conversation with与……谈话familiarity with与……熟悉fault with……的问题，毛病sympathy with/for同情，同感talk with与……交谈the matter with有……事10．N．+overadvantage over利益，优势anxiety over担忧，忧虑control over控制priority over比……在先，优先权superiority over比……有优势名词短语练习(30题)1. There is a _________ of impatience in the tone of his voice.A) dot B) hint C) notion D) phrase2. Deserts and high mountains have always been a __________to the movement of people from place to place.A) jam B) barrier C) fence D) prevention3. Nancy is only a sort of ________ of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own..A) shadow B) sample C) reproduction D) echo4. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a _________ for smoking.A) succession B) substitute C) revival D) relief5. Every culture has developed ________ for certain kinds of food and drink, and equally strong negative attitudes toward others.A) preferences B) expectations C) fantasies D) fashions6. The author was required to submit an _________ of about 200 words together with his research paper.A) edition B) editorial C) article D) abstract7. British government often says that furnishing children with _________to the information superhighway is a top priority.A) access B) procedure C) allowance D) protection8. Researchers at the University of Illinois determined that the _________ of a father can help improve a child' s grades.A) involvement B) communication C) interaction D) association9. The _________ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.A) prospects B) speculations C) stakes D) provisions10. The ________ of airplane engines announced a coming air raid.A) whistle B) exclamation C) roar D) scream11. It was in the United States that I made the_________ of Professor Jones.A) acknowledgement B) acquaintance C) recognition D) association12. His wife is constantly finding _________ with him, which makes him very angry.A) errors B) shortcomings C) fault D) flaw13. The police are trying to find out the _______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A) evidence B) recognition C) status D) identity14. The film provides a deep ________ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings.A) insight B) imagination C) fancy D) outlook15. Britain has the highest __________of road traffic in the world - over 60 cars for every mile of road.A) popularity B) density C) intensity D) prosperity16. Many people like white color as it is a _________ of purity.A) symptom B) sign C) symbol D) signal17. In a sudden of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A) attack B) burst C) split D) blast18. Does everyone on earth have an equal right __________ an equal share of its resources?A) by B) at C) to D) over19. Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong _________ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A) motivation B) perspective C) impression D) impact20. A _________ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A) result B) response C) settlement D) solution21. The newspaper did not mention the _________ of the damage caused by the fire.A) range B) level C) extent D) quantity22. After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticated alarm system as an insurance further losses.A) for B) from C) against D) towards23. Lightning is a __________ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.A) rush B) rainbow C) rack D) ribbon24. I caught a _______ of the taxi before it disappeared around the comer of the street.A) vision B) glimpse C) look D) scene25. The _________ of blood always makes him feel sick.A) sight B) view C) look D) form26. The doctor told Penny that too much _________ to the sun is bad for the skin.A) exposure B) extension C) exhibition D) expansion27. She's got the job because she had the advantages _________ others of knowing manylanguages.A) against B) to C) with D) over28. In order to avoid students' utter ________ on teachers, students should be taught how to learn instead of what to learn.A) independence B) dispensation C) reliance D) confidence29. This can lead to unnecessary _________ over a child's quite Norman behavior.A) emotion B) feeling C) pressure D) anxiety30. The Prime Minister refused to ________ on the rumor that he had planned to give up his position.A) relate B) treat C) comment D)state参考答案: 1-5 BBDBA 6-10 DAAAC 11-15 BCDAA16-20 CBCDD 21-25 CCABA 26-30 ADCDC形容词短语1．adj．+aboutdoubtful about对……怀疑excited about因……而激动enthusiastic about对……热心happy about因……而高兴indifferent about对……不在意mad about对……着迷；因……而生气optimistic about对……乐观，有信心particular about对……很讲究，挑剔uneasy about对……忧虑，担心2．adj.+atamazed at对……感到惊奇bad at不善于clever at擅长于expert at精通于furious at对……感到愤怒good at擅长于indignant at对……感到愤慨quick at对……敏捷skillful at对……熟练slow at对……迟缓，笨拙startled at对……感到吃惊strange at对……生疏3．adj.+forcompetent for胜任……convenient for对……便利，方便eager for渴望……fit for对……适合hungry for渴求……late for参加……迟到了，未赶上qualified for对……合格，有资格responsible for对……负责；是造成…的原因suitable for对……适合4．adj.+fromabsent from从……缺席distinct from与……有差别inseparable from与……不可分开safe from没有遇到……危险5．adj．+inabsorbed in专心于engaged in忙于，从事于experienced in在……有经验lacking in缺乏……proficient in精通……rich in在……富有6．adj．+ofaware of意识到……，知道……ashamed of对……感到羞愧characteristic of ……的特色，特征confident of确信，相信considerate of体谅……，替……着想的conscious of意识到……critical of对……苛求，不满fearful of为……而担心fond of喜爱……guilty of犯有……罪ignorant of对……无知，不知independent of不受……的支配jealous of嫉妒……short of缺乏……typical of……的典型worthy of值得……7．adj．+toagreeable to欣然同意……alive to对……敏感，感觉到applicable to适用于awake to意识到……beneficial to有利于，有益于blind to对……不明，没有察觉contrary to 同……相反deaf to不听……equivalent to相当于，等同于essential to对……重要fundamental to对……非常重要indifferent to对……漠不关心inferior to低于，次于loyal to忠于necessary to对……必要的opposed to反对opposite to与……相反，在……对面peculiar to限于，是……特有的preferable to比……更可取，比……更好relevant to与……有关second to仅次于sensitive to对……敏感subject to易遭受……，易受……的支配superior to优于，高于8．adj．+withacquainted with对……精通，了解．associated with联系到……，联想到……consistent with与……一致，与……相符content with满足于disappointed with对……失望firm with对……严格frank with对……坦率generous with用……很慷慨gentle with对……和蔼gifted with具有……的天赋identical with与……完全相同ill with患……病level with与……同水平，同高度patient with对……有耐心popular with受……欢迎satisfied with满足于，对……满意形容词段与练习（30题）1. It's very _______ of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep.A) concerned B) careful C) considerable D) considerate2. Some plants are very ________ to light; they prefer the shade.A) sensible B) flexible C) objective D) sensitive3. Color and sex are not relevant _________ whether a person is suitable for the job.A) to B) on C) for D) with4. You will not be _________ about your food in time of great hunger.A) special B) particular C) peculiar D) specific5. A dark suit is _________ to a light one for evening wear.A) favourable B) suitable C) preferable D) proper6. Their products are frequently overpriced and ______ in quality.A) influential B) inferior C) superior D) subordinate7. The author of the report is well _________ with the problems in the hospital because he has beenworking there for many years.A) informed B) enlightened C) acquainted D) acknowledged8. It is said that the math teacher seems __________ towards bright students.A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable9. He is ________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious10. The director was critical, ___________the way we were doing the work.A) at B) in C) of D) with11. Tom is very disappointed ________ the result of the exam.A) with B) for C) toward D) on12. The committee is totally opposed __________ any changes being made in the plans.A) of B) on C) to D) against13. Our new house is very ________for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A) adaptable B) comfortable C) convenient D) available14. Y ou should have been more patient ________ that customer; I'm sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.A) of B) with C) for D) at15. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _________ for living expense.A) acceptable B) available C) advisable D) applicable16. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _________ children as Coca-Cola.A) for B) in C) to D) with17. Physics is__________ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.A) alike B) equivalent C) likely D) uniform18. A healthy life is frequently thought to be _________ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A) tied B) bound C) involved D) associated19. Cancer is second only _________ heart disease as a cause of death.A) of B) to C) with D) from20. It does not alter the fact that he was the man __________ for the death of the little girl.A) accounting B) guilty C) responsible D) obliged21. I've been truly astonished __________ the number of people who believe it.A) in B) at C) with D) of22. We believe that the younger generation will prove _________ of our trust.A) worth B) worthless C) worthy D) worthwhile23. Mr. Tong is proficient _________ his work.A) in B) at C) with D) of24. We are all very grateful ________ you for your help.A) in B) to C) with D) at25. She is blind his defects.A) to B) for C) at D) in26. Everything on earth is subject ________ the laws of nature.A) with B) of C) for D) to27. What you have done is _________the doctor's advice.A) attached to B) contrary to C) resistant to D) responsible to28. He is an honest person. His actions are always ___________ his words.A) contrary to B) contradicted by C) agreed on D) consistent with29. This is not typical _________ Chinese, but a feature of the Thai language.A) to B) of C) for D) about30. He was _______ of his brother because he could afford to give so much.A) generous B) content C) envious D) frustrated参考答案：1-5 DAABC 6-10 BCAAC 11-15 ACCBB16-20 DBDBC 21-25 BCABA 26-30 DBDBCCET-4 中的介词短语试题介词短语是历年词汇和语法结构试题的一个常考点，每年都有一至两道试题。

专八词汇 词根+联想 记忆法 认知词汇部分.

专八词汇 词根+联想 记忆法 认知词汇部分.

认知词汇a la cart abacus abbreviate abbreviation abdominal abnormality abode absentee abstinence abyss academician accompanist accomplice accountancy acoustics actuality additiveadd-on adhesive adjunctadoadrift adultery adversary aerobatics aerobics aerodynamics aerosol aerospace afieldafloat afresh agnostic aground AIDSairlift airstripajar alchemy alcoholism aliasalibi alightalimonyalkaliAllahallegianceallegoryalmanacalmsambushamenityamidstamnesiaamnestyamoralan(a)emiaanagramanalanalogueanarchicanarchistanarchyannuityanomalyanomalyanonymityantelopeanthologyanthropologyantibodyantidoteantilogarithmantleranusapaceapartheidapexapieceapoplexyapparelappendicitisappendixarcadearcherarchetypearchipelagoarchivearmadaarmouryaromaaromaticarrearsarsenalarsonarthritisartifactartificeartisanasceticasteriskasthmaastralastrologyastrophysicsasylumasymmetricauctioneerauditionauraauthoritarianautocratautocraticautopsybackbitingbackbreakingbackdatebackdropbackhandbacksidebackwaterballadballastballerinaballisticsbalmbalustradebandwagonbanebanjobaritonebaroquebarragebarristerbarrowbarterbaskbastionbatonbattalionbawlbaybayonetbazaarbeatingbeautifybeddingbeeperbeheadbeigebeingbenchmarkbenedictionbeneficiarybequestbifocalsbigotbilebilliardsbillowbingebingobipartisanbisectbitchblackmailblackoutbleepblissblitzblizzardblobblotterbluesblurb bobsleigh bog bombshell bona fide bonfire bonnetboobooby trap boonbout boutique bracebraidbraille brainstorming brainwash bridalBriton Broccoli broke broker brokerage bronchitis brothel browser brunette buddybuffbuggybulkbum bumper bunk bunker buttock buzz word bypasscabaret cache cackleCAD cameocannibalcanoecanoncanopycantercapecapillarycaratcarbohydratecardiaccarnagecarnalcarnationcarnivorecarpcartridgecascadecashmerecastecatalystcatcallcatchwordcatchycathodeCatholicismcatwalkcausalcaverncaviar/caviarecavitycedarcentenarycentristcesspitchaletchaplaincharwomanchauvinismcheckmatechieftainchimpanzeechirpchiselchloroplastcholeracholesterolchoralchoreographychristenchromechromosomechronologychumchurlishchurncindercladclaimantclamberclaustrophobiaclicheclogclotclumpcobblecobracocainecockyco-edcoefficientcogcoloncolonizecolossuscoltcommandantcommunioncommuniqueconcentricconcertocondomconfectionconfederacyconfederateconfetticoniferousconnoisseurconsortiumcontinuumcontourcontraceptioncontraceptiveconurbationcornetcorollarycoronationcoronercorpscorpuscoupcoup de tatcourtshipcovenantcoveragecrapcratercreakcrematecrematoriumCreolecrescentcritiquecroakcrockerycrookcrossbowcrotchcryptcubcuckoocudgelculpritcultcuratorcurdcurfewcursivecustardcutecutlerycyberspacecynic cynicismDacron daffodil daisdaisy damper damsel dandelion dandy daredevil darndated deacon deaden deadlock debacle debris debug deckhand decor defrost defunct deity deliverance demagog(ue) demeanor demented demo demography demon demonic denim denizen dent dentistry deodorant depopulate depository deputation derail Derby deregulate derrickdesegregatedespotismdetachabledeterminerdiabetesdiagonaldialectic(s)diametricallydiarrh(o)eadicedictumdieharddietician,dietitiandignitarydilettantedimpledindinghydiocesediodediphthongdipperdiredirectivedisarraydisbanddiscusdisfavo(u)rdisjunctivedisreputedisrespectdissolutedissonancedistastedittodittydividenddivinedivinitydoctoratedog-eareddogmadogmaticdog-tireddoldrumsdollopdomaindomiciledoomsdaydopedosagedossierdotingdowagerdowndown-and-outdowngradedowntimedowrydrabdrapedraperydraughtdraughtsmandrawdregsdressydribbledrilydrippingdrive-indubduchyductduetduffduncedunedungareesdungeonduoduplicityduskydustcartdynamicsdynamismearlearmarkearthenearthenwareearth-movingearthworkearthyeaseleavesebonyeccentricityeczemaeddyedificeeffeminateeffluentegalitarianeggelectioneeringelectorateelectrodeelectroplateelectroscopeelectrostaticelfeliteelopeembankmentembattledembossemiremissaryempiricismencampmentencaseenclaveendangerendemicendwaysenigmaenmityennobleenormityensembleenshrine ensign enslave entourage entreeeon epigram epilogue epitaph equiangular equidistant equilateral equilibrium equinox erasure erotic Eskimo espionage estancia etceteraetchethos etiquette eulogy euphemism euphemistic euphoria euthanasia evangelical evangelist evolutionary ewe excellency excerpt existential existentialist exodus exorcize expectancy exploit exponent extraterrestrial extremism extremities extroverteye-catchingeyewashfetusfacadefacingfactionfadfagfairgroundfairwayfairlandfalconfalsettofamilialfarcefatalityfatedfatefulfat-headfaucetfaunafavoritismfederalismfederalistfelicityfelonyfeltfemininityfenfenderferretfestivefestivityfestoonfetefetishf(o)etusfiberglassfieldworkfiendfigfigmentfigurativefigureheadfilletfinalefinelyfineryfinessefire-bombfirebrandfirebrickfiredampfirepowerfisheryfishmongerfissurefittingfixerfixturefizzflagpoleflakflammableflankflareflashbackflavoringflaxflaxenfleckflexitimeflierfloodgatefloodlightfloralfloristfluidityflukefluxflyerflyleafflywheelfog(e)yfoiblefoldfolderfolivorefolklorefontfoolprooffoothillfootholdfootloosefootmanfootworkforayforcepsforecourtforegroundforeknowledgeforelandforensicforerunnerforeshoreforesterforetasteforethoughtfornicatefortefountfranchisefreakfrecklefreelancefreewheelfreighterfrescofrillfrizzyfrockfrogmanfrontagefrontalfrontbenchfrostbitefruitererfruitionfryfull-blownfull-lengthfunicularfur-lined furnishings furrierfusegablegaggalagambit garland gastric gastritis gazette gearbox genesis gibber gibbongill gimmick girdergirdle glacial gladiator glossary gluttonglumgoody gospel graffiti grandeur granule grategravelgrid grievance grounding groveguisegurugusto gutturalgyn(a)ecology habituehackhacksawhaghairdohairpiecehallelujahhallmarkhallowedHalloweenhalohalterhamlethammockhandbrakehandilyhandinesshandiworkhandlebarhandpickedhandsomelyhandstandhandymanhangarhangerhangingshangmanhangnailhankiehardballhardbittenhardboardhardcorehardheadedhardtophardwoodharelipharmonicaharmoniumharpoonhatchbackhatcheryhatchethaulagehaunchhavenhaversackhaystackhazehazelheaddressheadgearheadhunterheadlandheadrestheadshipheadstonehearsayhearsehearthheartlandheartstringheatstrokeheckhedonismhedonisthegemonyheiferheirloomheliumhelmhemlinehemlockh(a)emophiliah(a)emorrhageh(a)emorrhoidhemphenceforthhenchmanhepatitisherbivoreherbivorousherebyheretoherewithhermitageheydayhiatushideawayhieroglyphicshighchairHighnesshillockhiltHindihindmosthindquartershindsightHinduismHispanichisshitherHIVhivehoardhoardinghobby horsehobgoblinhobnailhodhoggishhogsheadholdallholdingholinesshollyhologramholsterhomelyhomagehom(o)eopathyhomesteadhomicidehomilyhominghomosexualhoneycombhonkhooliganhoorayhoothooverhorde hormone hornet horoscope horsey horseshoe horticulture hosiery hospice hotbed hotchpotch hotelier hotfoot hothead hothouse hotly hotplate hotpot housebound housecoat housecraft housemaster housewarming housewifery hovelhowlerHRHhub hucksterhuehulkhull humpback humus hunch hunchback hundredweight hunk husbandry huskhutchhybrid hydrant hydraulichydrocarbonhydrochlorichydroelectricityhydroxidehypermarkethypertensionhyphenatehypnosishypnotichypnotismhypodermichypotenuseicebreakericicleicingiconidolatryignitionillustratorimageryimbecileimpostorinbuiltincantationinceptionincestincinerateindecisionindigoinfamousinfantryinfidelityinfightinginfirmaryinflectioninfluxinfraredinfrastructureinjuriousinklinginlaidinmateinsatiableinsetinsofarinsolubleinsomniainsomniacinsomuchinstepinsurrectionintakeintegerinterlocutorinterloperintermediaryintermentintestinalintoxicantintransitiveintrovertinvigilateinvigilatorinvocationiodideiodineionirisirruptionisothermisothermalisotopeissuanceitineraryivyjack-in-the-boxjack-of-all-tradesjaggedjargonjasmin(e)javelinjaywalkjellyfishjettyjigsawjinglejogjoystickjurisdictionjurorkennelkernelkickoffkinkindredkinshipkiwilacquerladlelagerlagoonlancelaryngitislarynxlatchlathelaunderettelaurellawsuitlayoffledgeledgerleeleekleewaylentilleprosylesbianleuk(a)emialeveeleveragelexicallexicographylexislieuligamentlikenlikenesslilaclimelight 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maladministrationmalformedmalfunctionmaltmammothmanaclemanagerialMandarinmanemanefulmangermanicmanicuremanslaughtermantelpiecemantlemanureMaorimaremarijuanamaritalmarkingmarksmanmarqueemartmascotmaskedmatineematingmatronmauvemaverickmaximmayhemmazemeaslesmeasurableMeccamedicaidmedicationmegaphonemelodramamembranemementomemorandummeningitismenopausemenstrualmermaidmerry-go-roundMessiahmetabolismmetallurgymetaphysicalmeteormeteorologicalmeteorologymethanemethodologymicrobiologymicroscopemidgetmigrainemigrantmileometermilitarismmilitiamanmilletmilligram(me)millipedemimeminceminkmiremirthmisadventuremisfitmisplacemittenmoatmockerymodularmodulemongrelmonochromemonogamymonolingualmonolithmonotonemonotonymonsoonmontagemoresmoribundmorphinemortarmortgagemortuarymosaicmotifmotionlessmoundmoussemovablemuffinmummymumpsmunicipalitymunitionsmuralmuskmusselmutantmuzzlemysticmythologynamesakenapenarcissusnasalnavelNazismnectarneoclassicalneonnewsreelnibnicelynichenicotineniggernipple nirvananitratenodenomad nomenclature nominee nonetheless nonstop Nordicnormnotary notation notification notwithstanding noughtnovice nucleusnudenuditynuzzlenymphoasisobituaryoboe observance occidental occupancy oceanography octopusodeodor ointment omegaomelet(te) onomatopoeia onset onslaughtopalopusoracleoratororbital orchidordinalordinanceorgasmorgyorientationoscillationostensiblyoutcryoutfitoutgrowoutnumberoutpostovationoverboardoverlyoversightovertureoverviewovumoxidizepaddypadlockpaganpalpalatalpalatepalettepancakepangpantherpantomimeparableparadigmparaffinparameterparamilitaryparanoiaparasitepareparentageparentheticalparsleyparsonpartisanpastapastelpatiopatriarchpatriarchalpatterpayoutpayrollpeatpedagogic(al)pedestalpedigreepelicanpendantpenispensionerpentathlonpenthousepercussionperimeterperjurypesonnagepesticidephantompharmaceuticalpheasantphonologyphosphorousphosphorusphysiotherapyphysiquepicketpicklepidginpierpietypigstypikepiracypisspistonpitcherpitfallpivotpivotalplaidplaintiffplanetaryplankplaqueplasmaplasterplatoonplayoffpleatplenipotentiaryplungerplushplutoniumpockmarkpolaritypolemicpoliopollenpollsterpolyesterpoplarpoppypopulousportfolioposthumouspostscriptpotluckpouchpracticalityprecinctpredatoryprefabricateprenatalpreschoolpresidiumpressingprismproprobationprojectionprologue prophycy proponent prostate protagonist psychiatrist psycho psychoanalyst psychotherapist psychotherapy puberty pullover pulpitpunpurely purport pythonquack quadrangle quadrant quadratic quadrilateral Quaker qualifier quantifier quantum quartetquartz querulous quick quicksand quintessence quintetquipquirkquitter quixotic quotientrabbiracerracket racketeer 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认知词汇语义学的主要理论及其运用_周启强

认知词汇语义学的主要理论及其运用_周启强

认知词汇语义学的主要理论及其运用周启强 谢晓明(湖南科技大学,湘潭411201;华中师范大学,武汉430079)提 要:词汇语义研究是认知语言学的基础和最重要的组成部分。

本文旨在简要阐述认知词汇语义学主要研究内容基础上,诠释并讨论认知词汇语义学主要理论的基本观点及其在词义描写和解释中的具体运用,指出认知词汇语义学关注的并非对语言内部词义特征作出孤立的解释,而是力图通过词义分析以揭示和解释人类认知活动本质与机制。

关键词:认知词汇语义学;主要理论;运用中图分类号:H0-05 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0100(2009)03-0052-4Cognitive Lexical Se m antics:Important Theories and Their ApplicationsZhou Q i q i a ng X ie X iao m ing(H unan U ni v ers it y of Science and T echno l ogy,X i ang tan411201,China;H uazhong N or m a lU n i versity,W uhan430079,Ch i na)Lex ical se m antic research is the foundati on and the most i m po rtant part of cogn iti ve lingu i sti cs.T his paper,after a br i e f re v ie w o f the m a j o r top i cs cogn iti ve l ex ica l se m anti cs is concerned w ith,g ives an account of the m a i n i deas of several i m portant the o ries i n t h is fie l d and t he ir ro l e i n the descripti on and exp l ana ti on o f lex icalm eani ng.It is po i n ted tha t lex i ca l se m antics a i m s not to g i ve an i so lated explana ti on o fw ord meaning,but to reveal the nature and m echan i s m of human cogn ition on the basi s o f word m ean i ng ana l ys i s.K ey word s:cogniti v e lex i ca l se m anti cs;i m po rtant theor i es;app licati on1 引言我们对20年来认知语言学涉及词义研究的重要文献进行了梳理,认为20年来的认知词汇语义研究主要包括以下4个方面的核心内容:(1)词义的范畴结构及其产生的认知背景;(2)多义词、词义的历时变化及语法化背后的认知机制;(3)对范畴化、认知模型、隐喻和意象图式等认知机制本身的理论探讨;(4)对词义本质的探讨。

高级词汇+认知词汇

高级词汇+认知词汇
不知何故
tax
税，税款
soul
灵魂；心灵；气魄
taxpayer
纳税人
sour
酸的
teapot
茶壶
souvenir
旅游纪念品，纪念物
tease
戏弄，挑逗
sow
播种
telescope
望远镜
spade
铲子；纸牌中的黑桃
temple
庙宇，寺院
spear
矛，枪，梭镖
temporary
暂时的，临时的
spiritual
fundamental
基础的，主要的
declare
声明；断言
gallery
画廊；美术品陈列室
decorate
装饰，修饰
gallon
加仑
decoration
装饰，修饰
garlic
大蒜
deliberately
故意地
glory
巨大的光荣；荣誉；赞美
delicate
精巧的，精致的
grain
谷物，谷类
demand
精神的，心灵的
tend
趋向
spit
吐唾沫，吐痰
tendency
倾向，趋势
splendid
灿烂的，辉煌的极好的
tense
拉紧的，紧张的
split
撕开；切开
hurricane
飓风，十二级风
edge
边缘
identity
身份，特性
edition
（发行物的）版，版本，版次
identiffication
身份证明，识别
elegant
精致的，优美的
immigration

量词认知认识常用的量词词汇

量词认知认识常用的量词词汇

量词认知认识常用的量词词汇在日常生活中，我们经常会用到各种各样的量词来描述事物的数量。

了解并正确使用量词是提高语言表达准确性的重要一步。

本文将介绍一些常用的量词词汇，帮助读者提升量词的认知认识。

一、基础量词1. 个：用于一般事物的计数，如一个苹果、两个杯子等。

2. 只：一般用于动物或有双腿的事物的计数，如一只猫、三只鞋子等。

3. 张：用于平面物体的计数，如一张桌子、两张纸等。

4. 辆：用于车辆的计数，如一辆汽车、三辆自行车等。

5. 根：用于细长物体的计数，如一根铅笔、两根火柴等。

6. 杯：用于质量和容量的计量，如一杯水、两杯咖啡等。

7. 支：用于长条状物体的计数，如一支笔、两支筷子等。

8. 匹：用于马匹的计数，如一匹马、三匹骡子等。

二、时间量词1. 秒：表示时间的最小单位，如一秒钟、三秒钟等。

2. 分：表示时间的较小单位，如一分钟、半小时等。

3. 时：表示一小时的时间，如一小时、两小时等。

4. 天：用于表示一天的时间，如一天、三天等。

5. 周：用于表示一周的时间，如一周、两周等。

6. 月：用于表示一个月的时间，如一个月、三个月等。

7. 年：用于表示一年的时间，如一年、五年等。

三、空间量词1. 米：用于表示长度的计量，如一米长、两米高等。

2. 公里：用于较长的长度计量，如一公里、三公里等。

3. 千米：用于表示较远距离的计量，如一千米、五千米等。

4. 平方米：用于表示面积的计量，如一平方米、三平方米等。

5. 立方米：用于表示体积的计量，如一立方米、两立方米等。

6. 克：用于表示重量的计量，如一克、三克等。

7. 千克：用于表示较大重量的计量，如一千克、五千克等。

四、货币量词1. 元：表示中国货币的基本单位，如一元、五元等。

2. 角：表示人民币的较小面值，如五角、六角等。

3. 毛：表示人民币的较小面值，相当于角，如一毛、二毛等。

4. 分：表示人民币的最小面值，如一分、三分等。

五、抽象量词1. 次：用于表示动作的频率，如一次、三次等。

开阔视野,增长见识的英文高级词汇

开阔视野,增长见识的英文高级词汇

开阔视野,增长见识的英文高级词汇智识拓展的深刻词汇宝库认知锐化Erudite: 博学多识，拥有广泛的知识Sagacious: 明智，具有敏锐的判断力Discerning: 敏锐，能够辨别细微差别观念拓展Paradigm: 一个框架或模型，塑造着我们对世界的理解 Weltanschauung: 世界观，个人或群体的基本信念体系 Hegemony: 一种思想或观念的支配性影响理解深度Exegesis: 对文本或观点的详细解释Hermeneutics: 解释学，理解文字或符号的原则Cognition: 认知，获取、处理和存储信息的思维过程知识获取Serendipity: 意外发现或发现，通常是通过好奇和偶然 Epiphany: 突然的顿悟，带来新的理解Illumination: 一种开悟或洞察力，照亮了先前的黑暗智力敏捷Inquisitive: 好奇，渴望学习Astute: 机智，能迅速理解情况Versatile: 多才多艺，能够轻松适应不同的环境批判性思维Dialectic: 一种通过对话和辩论来探索思想和论点的过程Skepticism: 对主张持怀疑态度，要求证据Cogitation: 深思熟虑，对问题进行深入思考观念交融Syncretism: 不同信仰或观点的融合Intertextuality: 文本之间相互关联和影响Cross-fertilization: 不同学科或知识领域的思想和方法的相互影响视野开阔Cosmopolitan: 世界主义，具有对不同文化的理解和欣赏Polymath: 博学，精通多个领域Eclectic: 兼收并蓄，从多种来源汲取思想和灵感知识的演变Zeitgeist: 时代精神，一个特定时代占主导地位的思想和观念Paradigm shift: 范式转变，一种旧思维方式向新思维方式的根本性转变Intellectual revolution: 智力革命，思想和知识的重大转变智力探险Exploration: 探索，寻求新知识或经验Discovery: 发现，获得以前未知的信息或事实Illumination: 一种洞察力或启示，照亮了先前的黑暗智识的回报Enlightenment: 开化，从无知或迷信中解放出来 Empowerment: 赋权，通过知识获得力量和控制权 Fulfillment: 充实，通过智力追求获得满足感。

7A 掌握 认知 词汇 单词 英语+汉语

7A 掌握 认知 词汇 单词 英语+汉语

7A Starter Unit1掌握词汇hello/hi int.你好meet v.见面;会见friend n.朋友sorry adj. 对不起they pron. 他们teacher n. 教师name n. 名字everyone pron. 大家father n. 爸爸mother n. 妈妈brother n. 兄；弟sister n. 姐；妹grandfather n. (外)祖父grandmother n.(外)祖母认知词汇excuse v. 原谅introduce v.介绍7A Starter Unit2掌握词汇rubber n. 橡皮sweet n. 糖果blackboard n. 黑板book n.书ruler n. 格尺crayon n. 蜡笔pen n. 钢笔desk n. 书桌chair n. 椅子bag n.书包these pron. 这些those pron.那些cold adj.冷的red adj. 红色的blue adj. 蓝色的glove n. 手套dress n.女服T-shirt n.T恤衫blouse n. (女)衬衫shirt n. (男)衬衫coat n.上衣sock n.袜子shoe n.鞋in prep. 在…里面on prep.在…上面under prep.在…下面thanks n. 谢谢big adj.大的small adj.小的bread n. 面包water n. 水milk n. 牛奶fruit n. 水果sweet n. 糖ice-cream n.冰淇淋juice n.(水果的)汁yellow adj.黄色的green adj.绿色的nice adj.好的；宜人的black adj.黑色的some adj.一些rough adj.粗糙的smooth adj.光滑的smell v.闻taste v.尝认知词汇thing n.东西;事情here adv. 这儿drawer n.抽屉today adv.今天supermarket n. 超市flour n. 面粉sugar n.糖butter n.黄油jam n. 果酱chocolate n. 巧克力coffee n. 咖啡pineapple n.菠萝biscuit n.饼干7A Starter Unit3掌握词汇tall adj.高的short adj.矮的；短的old adj.老的uncle n.伯父;叔父;舅父;姑丈;姨丈family tree n.家谱aunt n.姨母;姑母;伯母;婶母;舅母young adj.年青的cousin n.堂(表)兄弟; 堂(表)姐妹different adj.不同的happy adj.快乐的；幸福的angry adj.生气的；愤怒的kind adj.和蔼的；友好的helpful adj.有帮助的January n.一月February n.二月March n.三月April n. 四月May n. 五月June n.六月July n.七月August n.八月September n.九月October n.十月November n.十一月December n.十二月认知词汇family n.家庭photo n.照片teacher n.教师doctor n.医生both adj.pron.（二者）都same adj.一样的usually adv.通常together在一起share v. 分享mine我的than conj.比grandson n.（外）孙子granddaughter n.（外）孙女important adj.重要的birthday n.生日remember v.记住；想起party n.庆祝会supermarket n.超市7A Starter Unit4掌握词汇ride v.骑（马，自行车）bring v.带来look at v.看… sign n.标志eat v.吃run v.跑pick v. 采；摘walk v.走grass n.草flower n. 花bottle n.瓶pool n.水池can v. aux.能；会like v.喜欢sing v.唱歌swim v.游泳cook v.做饭paint v.用颜料绘画run v.跑write v.写dive v.跳水jump v.跳draw v.画read v.读rain v.下雨noise n.噪音watch v.看cross v.横穿classroom n.教室library n.图书馆playground n.操场bus n.公共汽车car n.汽车taxi n.出租车bicycle n.自行车认知词汇rubbish n.垃圾table-tennis n.乒乓球television n.电视tennis n.网球football n. 足球volleyball n.排球hall n.礼堂，大厅office n.办公室toilet n.厕所7A Starter Unit5词汇掌握sunnyadj. 阳光充足的rainy adj.多雨的cloudy adj.多云的windy adj.多风的cloud n. 云wind n.风blow v.（风）吹land n.陆地sea n.大海rain n.雨fire n.火raw adj.生的meat n.肉cooked adj.熟的traffic n.交通smoke 烟factory dust 尘埃construction site 建筑工地认知词汇weather n.天气spring n.春天summer n.夏天autumn n.秋天winter n.冬天land n.陆地use v.使用most adj.大多数的other adj.其余的at home 在家at work 在工作pipe n.管子reservoir n.水库；蓄水池special adj.特殊的tap n.水龙头smell v.闻taste v.尝shop v.买东西hurt v.疼burn v.燃烧dirty adj. 脏的air pollution空气污染7A Starter Unit6掌握词汇doctor n. 医生make v. 使成为(变成)；做，制造sick people n.病人better adj.更好的，好转的nurse n. 护士waiter n. 男服务员waitress n.女服务员bring v. 带来cook n.厨师postman n.邮递员letter n.信；字母shop assistant n.售货员sell v.卖thing n. 东西；事情playground n.操场kindergarten n. 幼儿园block n. 街区shop n. 商店fountain n.喷泉garden n.花园swimming pool n.游泳池tennis court n.网球场school n.学校bus stop n.公共汽车站crossing n.十字路口traffic lights n.信号灯rubbish bin n.垃圾箱lamp n.电灯park n.公园cinema n.电影院bank n.银行post office n.邮局认知词汇job n.工作fireman n.消防员because conj.因为floor n.楼层in front of在…的前面behind prep. 在…的后supermarket n.超市top n.顶部，（物的）上面right adj. 右边的left adj.左边的also adv.也see v.看见flat n.公寓near prep.在…附近get to school 到校how long 多久take v.花费hour n.小时minute n.分钟far away from离…远7A Module1 Unit1掌握词汇good-looking adj. 好看的reporter n. 记者model n. 模特note n.笔记；注释possibly adv. 可能地agree v. 同意dress v. 给…穿衣slim adj. 苗条的poor adj. 差的/贫穷的practise v. 练习make v. 使sick adj. 患病的认知词汇on adv. 亮着press v. 按button n. 按钮photograph n. 照片centimetre n.厘米kilogramme n. 公斤baker n. 面包师excited adj. 感到兴奋的7A Module1 Unit2掌握词汇sleeve n.袖子ribbon n.缎带trousers n.裤子blazer n.轻便上衣uniform n.制服early adj./adv.早的late adj./adv.晚,迟difference n.不同dark adj.黑暗的before prep.在……以前after prep.在……之后until prep.直到……为止shine v.照耀because conj.因为library n.图书馆butterfly n.蝴蝶认知词汇lolly n.棒冰air-conditioned adj.有空调的footprint n.脚印deep adj.深的puddle n.水坑sandy adj.有沙的kick v.踢leaf n.树叶7A Module1 Unit3掌握词汇double-decker n.双层巴士single-decker n.单层车air-conditioner n.空调fare-box n.自动售票箱none pron.没有人／物instead adv.代替comfortable adj.舒适的most adj./pron.大多数的passenger n.乘客bus-conductor n.公共汽车售票员perhaps adv.也许，大概jam n.堵塞perhaps adv.也许none pron.没有人/东西more adj.更多的fewer adj.更少的longer adj.较长的认知词汇pedestrian n. 行人more adj. 更多的flyover n. 立交桥motorbike n. 摩托车travel v./ n.旅行each adj.各自的；每一collect v. 收集；采集money n. ferry n.渡船；摆渡tram n.电车park n.停车场railway n.铁路7A Module1 Unit4掌握词汇cardboard n. 硬纸板cotton n. 棉花reel n. 卷轴matchbox n. 火柴盒cloth n. 布quilt n. 被子straw n. 吸管glue n. 胶水tape n. 胶带wallpaper n. 墙纸curtain n. 窗帘wardrobes n. 衣柜tool n. 工具material n. 材料tape n. 胶带cupboard n. 碗柜furniture n. 家具outside n. 外面,外表inside n. 里面认知词汇scissors n. 剪子stick v. 粘贴decorate v. 装饰than conj. 比roof n. 屋顶onto prep. 到…之上7A Module2 Unit1掌握词汇agent n. 代理人travel v. 旅行assistant n.助手；助理north-west n.西北the Summer Palace 颐和园Tiananmen Square 天安门广场invite v. 邀请expensive adj. 昂贵的cheap adj.便宜的invite v. 邀请bring v.带来take v.携带；带走would like想要talk to 和…说话the same age as 与…同岁visit v.参观；拜访a bit 一点how long 多久how much 多少slow adj.慢的until prep.直到…时（为止）journey n.旅行；旅程when adv.当…的时候lovely adj.令人愉快的; 可爱的hold v.容纳centre n.中心journey n.旅行；旅程sad adj.悲哀的7A Module2 Unit2掌握词汇accident n.事故；意外blanket n.毛毯；毡子booklet n. 小册子care 关心；惦念clinic n.（私人的）诊所cruelty n.残暴example n.例子；榜样prevention n.阻止robber n.抢劫者；强盗protect v.保护nobody pron. 没有人；无人rescue v.搭救hungy adj. 饥饿的thirsty adj.渴的prefer v. 更喜欢look after照顾认知词汇mean v.意思是danger n.危险care for 照看own adj.自己的raise v.筹集complete v.完成safely adv. 安全地way n.方面kennel n.小动物寄养处kitten n.小猫in many ways 在许多方面keep sb. from sth. 保护某人（免受…伤害）7A Module2 Unit3America n.美国American n.美国人Australian n.澳大利亚人British n.英国人Canadian n.加拿大人India n.印度Indian n.印度人Japanese n.日本人interest n. 兴趣lucky adj.幸运的pen-friend n.笔友language n. 语言female n.女性adj. 女的male n.男性adj.男的wish n.希望；愿望nationality n.国籍认知词汇Australia n.澳大利亚Britain n.英国Over prep. 在…...以上，超过Hong Kong香港the Philippines n.菲律宾Filipino n. 菲律宾人7A Module2 Unit4掌握词汇activity n.活动cold n.伤风；感冒film n.电影fever n.发烧headache n.头痛housework n.家务活revision n.复习stomach-ache n.胃痛；腹痛throat n.喉咙toothache n.牙痛play v.玩forget v. 忘记how often多久一次once adv.一次practise v.练习twice adv.两次认知词汇music n.音乐sport n.运动enjoy v.从…获得乐趣favourite adj. 最喜欢的sore adj.疼痛的indoor adj.室内的outdoor adj.室外的piano n.钢琴cycle v.骑自行车。

心理学专业词汇(最新整理)

心理学专业词汇(最新整理)

心理学专业词汇（最新整理）心理学是研究人类思维、情感、行为以及与环境的相互关系的学科。

作为一门综合性学科，心理学涉及到众多专业术语和概念。

本文将对心理学专业词汇进行最新整理，以便读者更好地理解心理学领域的知识。

一、认知心理学1. 认知过程（cognitive process）：指人类信息加工的各种心理过程，如注意、记忆、思维、语言等。

2. 注意力（attention）：人们有意识地将关注焦点集中在特定的物体、事件或信息上的能力或过程。

3. 学习（learning）：个体通过经验获得新知识、技能或习惯的过程。

4. 记忆（memory）：个体通过编码、存储和检索信息的能力。

5. 思维（thinking）：个体通过推理、解决问题、决策等过程进行信息加工和认知活动。

6. 语言（language）：人类交流和表达思想和意义的符号系统。

7. 知觉（perception）：个体通过感官系统获取和理解外部世界的过程。

8. 感知注意力（perceptual attention）：注意力在感知过程中的作用，个体能够选择性地关注某些感知信息。

9. 判断决策（judgment and decision making）：个体在面临选择时的思考、评估、决策的过程。

10. 问题解决（problem solving）：个体在面对难题或挑战时通过思考和策略来找到解决办法。

二、发展心理学1. 儿童发展（child development）：研究人类从婴幼儿期到青少年期各个阶段的生理、认知和社会发展过程。

2. 青少年发展（adolescent development）：研究人类从儿童期到成年期的过渡阶段，包括身体、认知和社会发展的变化。

3. 社会性别（gender）：指在特定社会和文化背景下，男性和女性所具有的角色和行为特征。

4. 发展障碍（developmental disorders）：指发展过程中出现的异常或延迟，如自闭症、学习障碍等。

认知词汇01

认知词汇01
[10:32.52]drastic a.严厉的;激烈的
[10:36.91]drawback n.缺点
[10:40.07]dreadful a.可怕的;糟透了的;极端的
[10:46.81]dreamy a.爱幻想的;出神的;恬静的
[10:53.41]driveway n.私家车道
[10:57.29]dual a.双(重)的
[02:03.12]bald a.光秃的;磨平的;明显的
[02:08.47]banknote n.纸币
[02:11.68]belly n.肚子
[02:14.26]bibliography n.书目;目录学
[02:18.77]billboard n.大幅广告牌
[02:22.53]billionaire n.亿万富翁
[10:08.85]dogma n.教条
[10:11.80]dome n.圆房顶
[10:15.84]double-decker n.
[10:17.70]双层甲板船,双层床
[10:20.77]doubtless ad.几乎肯定地
[10:24.78]downside n.缺点
[10:27.97]drainage n.排水系统;排水
[00:26.25]adore vt.热爱
[00:29.84]affordable a.买得起的
[00:33.22]agenda n.议事日程
[00:36.54]ale n.麦芽啤酒
[00:40.06]alloy n.合金 v.将…铸成合金
[00:47.58]amateur n.业余爱好者;外行
[02:47.07]bleak a.没有希望的;

认知词汇10

认知词汇10

认知词汇101.c irrhosis n. 硬变，肝硬化2.citadel n. 城堡，大本营3.citrus n. 柠檬，柑橘4.clamor n./v. 吵闹，叫喊5.clan n. 宗族，家族6.clatter n. 撞击声v. 发出撞击声7.clause n. 分句，从句，条款8.claustrophobia n.幽闭恐怖症9.clavicle n.锁骨10.clay n. 黏土，肉体11.clearing n.空旷地12.cleft n.裂，裂口13.clergy n.神职人员14.client n. 顾客，客户，诉讼委托人15.cliff n.悬崖，峭壁16.climacteric n. 更年期，绝经期17.clinic n.诊所，医务室，会诊18.cloak n. 斗篷v.掩盖，覆盖，掩饰19.clog v. 塞满，阻塞20.closure n. 关闭，罩子21.clump n.丛，簇，群22.coalition n.结合体，同盟，结合23.coax v.劝诱，哄24.coccus n.球菌25.coefficient n.协同因素，系数，率26.coffin n.棺材27.cohesive a.黏合性的，有结合力的28.coincidental a.由巧合造成的29.coke n.焦炭v.炼焦30.colic n.绞痛a.绞痛的，结肠的31.colitis n.结肠炎32.collagen n.胶原33.colliery n.煤矿34.colloid n./a. 胶体的35.colloquia n.座谈会。

基础词汇 重点词汇 认知词汇

基础词汇 重点词汇 认知词汇

基础词汇重点词汇认知词汇
基础词汇：指的是最基本、最常见的词汇，是语言学习的起点。

例如：家庭、学校、朋友、学习、工作等。

重点词汇：在特定的语境中，具有重要意义或者频繁使用的词汇。

例如：关键、影响、重要、目标、成功等。

认知词汇：指与认知过程和心理活动相关的词汇。

例如：记忆、思考、理解、判断、思维等。

这些词汇都是语言表达中不可或缺的一部分，对于有效沟通和语言理
解都起着重要的作用。

通过学习、积累和运用这些词汇，我们能更准
确地表达自己的意思，有效地与他人沟通。

开阔视野,增长见识的英文高级词汇

开阔视野,增长见识的英文高级词汇

开阔视野,增长见识的英文高级词汇扩展认知疆界的词汇引领洞察力：Epiphany: 顿悟，深刻的领悟Illumination: 心智开阔，对真理的透彻理解Anamnesis: 回忆，从过去经验中提取知识探求知识的远征：Odyssey: 漫长的旅程，充满着挑战和发现Quest: 艰苦的追求，以获得知识或宝藏Intellectual Odyssey: 心智之旅，探索概念和真理的边界洞察力与慧见的火花：Discernment: 明辨是非的能力Acumen: 敏锐的判断力Cognition: 认知过程，获得知识和理解知识的宝库：Compendium: 汇编，包含广泛而全面的信息Encyclopaedia: 包含有关所有主题的知识的综合参考书 Repository: 存储知识和经验的宝库概念与理论的迷宫：Paradigm: 支配性的思维模型，指导思维和理解Axiom: 未经证明的原理，被接受为真理Postulate: 假设，作为推理或理论的基础思想的交织：Synergy: 两个或多个元素协同作用产生比单独作用时更大的效果Mind-Meld: 思想和观点的融合，创造出新的理解水平Collaborative Epiphany: 通过团队合作产生的深刻领悟超越界限：Uncharted Territory: 未知领域，等待探索和理解Paradigm Shift: 重大的思维转变，导致对现实的新理解Cognitive Leaps: 思维的重大进展，产生原创想法和创新解决方案追逐知识的火种：Intellectual Curiosity: 强烈的求知欲，驱使人们不断学习和探索Knowledge Seeker: 孜孜不倦地追求知识的人Thought Leader: 在某个领域拥有深刻见解和影响力的人提升认知的途径：Introspection: 自我反省，深入思考自己的思想和信念Critical Thinking: 对信息和想法进行分析和评估Metacognition: 对自己认知过程的意识和理解知识的永恒影响：Legacy: 留给后代的持久影响，包括知识、传统和思想Wisdom: 综合知识、经验和洞察力，引导理性和明智的行动 Enlightenment: 心智高度发展，达到对存在的深刻理解。

一年级学习认读简单的词语

一年级学习认读简单的词语

一年级学习认读简单的词语一、认读动物名词动物是孩子们最熟悉的事物之一，通过认读简单的动物名词，可以拓展孩子们的词汇量及对动物世界的认知。

1. 狗(gǒu)：狗是人类的朋友，它忠诚友好，是许多家庭的宠物。

2. 猫(māo)：猫是一种温顺的动物，许多人喜欢养它作为宠物。

3. 鸟(niǎo)：鸟儿会在天空中飞翔，它们有美丽的羽毛和悦耳的叫声。

4. 鱼 (yú)：鱼生活在水中，它们有鳞片和鳍，可以游得很快。

5. 虎(hǔ)：虎是世界上最大的猫科动物之一，它们有强壮的身体和锋利的牙齿。

二、认读水果名词水果是孩子们喜爱的食物之一，通过认读简单的水果名词，可以培养孩子们对健康饮食的意识。

1. 苹果(píngguǒ)：苹果是一种常见的水果，它既美味又营养，有很多不同的品种。

2. 香蕉(xiāngjiāo)：香蕉是一种形状弯曲的水果，它含有丰富的维生素和矿物质。

3. 葡萄 (pútao)：葡萄可以生吃，也可以用来制作葡萄酒，它有许多不同的颜色和品种。

4. 草莓(cǎoméi)：草莓是小巧可爱的水果，它有鲜艳的颜色和甜美的味道。

5. 橙子(chéngzi)：橙子是一种柑橘类水果，它含有丰富的维生素C，可以提高免疫力。

三、认读日常用品名词认读日常用品名词有助于孩子们熟悉身边物品，并能正确表达自己的需求。

1. 笔(bǐ)：笔是用来写字或者画画的工具，有不同颜色和形状的笔。

2. 书(shū)：书是一种记录知识和故事的载体，阅读书籍可以丰富我们的知识。

3. 衣服(yīfu)：衣服是我们穿在身上的物品，有各种各样的样式和材质。

4. 鞋子 (xiézi)：鞋子是保护我们脚部的物品，有不同的款式和适用于不同场合的鞋子。

5. 手表(shǒubiǎo)：手表用来显示时间的装置，让我们能够掌握时间并合理安排日程。

四、认读数字名词认读数字名词是培养孩子们对数学概念的认识的重要途径，通过简单的数字认读，可以提升孩子们的数学能力。

六级认知和超纲词汇

六级认知和超纲词汇

六级认知词汇：Word List 28A:[ti:][ar:][al:][by:九九Lrc歌词网～] [00:10.93]Word List 28[00:14.72]academician[00:17.80]acceptable[00:20.42]acceptance[00:23.31]accidental[00:25.99]adjacent[00:29.07]adore[00:31.75]advance[00:34.53]advisory[00:37.43]affirmative[00:40.22]agony[00:42.94]aid[00:45.43]ale[00:48.06]alienate[00:51.09]alloy[00:53.58]ammunition[00:56.61]analytical[00:59.55]annoyance[01:02.38]antibiotic[01:05.52]appealing[01:08.31]applause[01:11.24]appraise[01:14.18]arc[01:16.76]arena[01:19.53]arrogance[01:22.47]artery[01:25.10]artillery[01:27.88]artistic[01:30.81]ascend[01:33.55]ashore[01:36.18]assassin[01:39.12]assassinate[01:42.05]assassination[01:44.88]astronomy[01:47.42]athletic[01:50.30]atmospheric[01:52.98]attend[01:55.97]attorney[01:58.65]autonomy [02:02.08]auxiliary [02:04.72]awesome [02:07.05]bacteria [02:09.67]badge [02:12.25]bald [02:14.93]banner [02:17.51]barn [02:20.04]belly [02:22.52]bend [02:25.10]bible [02:27.57]billboard [02:30.15]billionaire [02:32.73]bind [02:35.27]bingo [02:37.85]biochemistry [02:40.94]biomedical [02:43.82]bishop [02:46.19]bizarre [02:48.73]bleak [02:51.20]blend [02:53.74]bloc [02:56.32]blog [02:58.99]blueprint [03:01.67]bodily [03:04.31]booth [03:06.64]botanical [03:09.62]botany [03:12.20]bottomless [03:14.94]bowel [03:17.42]boyhood [03:19.94]brass [03:22.47]breadth [03:25.01]breakage [03:27.63]breeze [03:30.01]bribery [03:32.75]broadband [03:35.37]brochure [03:38.26]broker [03:40.83]bronze [03:43.52]brotherly [03:46.15]brow [03:48.68]browser [03:51.11]brutality[03:56.42]bulb [03:58.96]bureau [04:01.58]bypass [04:04.31]cabin [04:06.80]cafeteria [04:09.57]calcium [04:12.40]calculation [04:15.23]calendar [04:17.91]calorie [04:20.59]campus [04:23.38]cannon [04:25.96]canvas [04:28.58]cape [04:31.12]carefree [04:33.90]cargo [04:36.63]caring [04:39.20]cart[04:41.79]cashier [04:44.47]casino [04:47.40]cathedral [04:49.77]Catholic [04:52.45]cellar [04:55.13]cellular [04:58.07]cement [05:00.84]cemetery [05:03.62]censorship [05:06.16]census [05:09.45]centralization [05:12.78]cereal [05:15.41]chant [05:17.89]chaotic [05:20.77]chap [05:24.92]chapel [05:27.50]charm [05:30.34]checkpoint [05:32.76]childish [05:35.50]chin[05:38.02]cholesterol [05:40.91]chunk [05:43.54]circular [05:46.06]civilize/-ise [05:48.24]clan[05:50.62]classical[05:55.98]clearing [05:58.60]cliff[06:01.24]clue[06:03.86]coastal [06:06.50]cocaine [06:09.27]cocktail [06:12.06]code[06:14.63]coexistence [06:17.46]collective [06:20.04]collision [06:22.78]colonial [06:26.11]colony [06:28.64]combination [06:31.57]comet[06:34.20]comic[06:36.88]commonwealth [06:39.97]companionship [06:43.20]condemnation [06:46.59]condolence [06:49.57]condom [06:52.50]conduct [06:55.13]confederation [06:58.62]configuration [07:01.60]Confucianism [07:05.30]constitutional [07:07.98]consumer [07:10.91]context [07:13.79]continual [07:16.78]cop[07:19.35]copper [07:21.99]copyright [07:24.87]core[07:27.49]cork[07:30.27]cornerstone [07:33.26]corps[07:36.24]corpse [07:39.33]corridor [07:42.26]corruption [07:45.09]cosmetic [07:47.97]couch[07:51.15]countdown [07:54.08]coupon [07:56.97]cowboy[08:02.63]cozy/cosy [08:05.56]crawl [08:08.14]creation [08:10.93]creative [08:13.70]creep [08:16.44]crisp [08:19.06]critic [08:21.70]criticism [08:24.37]crop [08:26.84]crust [08:29.52]crystal [08:32.16]cucumber [08:34.84]curfew [08:37.31]curl [08:39.94]curse [08:42.52]cute [08:44.94]cynical [08:47.58]dean [08:49.95]debris [08:52.48]decidedly [08:55.26]deed [08:58.44]define [09:00.56]definite [09:03.09]delicacy [09:05.88]dense [09:08.40]dental [09:10.73]desirous [09:13.57]desktop [09:16.24]detection [09:18.96]devil [09:21.45]diagnosis [09:24.43]dialect [09:27.01]dictator [09:29.73]dietary [09:32.47]digestive [09:35.30]diligent [09:38.03]dine [09:40.61]dioxide [09:43.50]diplomat [09:46.08]dirt [09:48.45]disarmWord List 28B:[ti:][ar:][al:][by:九九Lrc歌词网～][00:12.47]Word List 28B[00:16.07]disclosure[00:18.74]discontent[00:21.89]disgraceful[00:24.82]disjointed[00:27.55]dismissal[00:29.98]disposition[00:32.61]distracted[00:35.49]ditch[00:37.86]dock[00:40.29]doctrine[00:42.83]dogma[00:45.67]dolphin[00:48.10]dome[00:50.32]donor[00:53.00]dormitory[00:55.98]doubtful[00:58.98]doubtless[01:01.61]downside[01:04.25]dramatic[01:06.77]drawback[01:09.26]drip[01:11.64]driveway[01:14.37]drown[01:16.96]dryer/drier[01:19.74]dual[01:22.23]durable[01:24.71]duration[01:27.39]dweller[01:29.92]dye[01:32.55]earnest[01:35.17]Easter[01:38.21]ecological[01:41.35]ecosystem[01:44.39]edible[01:47.12]edit[01:49.62]editorial[01:52.57]electoral[01:55.40]electron [01:58.23]element [02:00.61]elevator [02:03.85]elsewhere [02:06.68]embrace [02:10.07]emission [02:12.70]empirical [02:15.42]enthusiastic [02:18.67]entity [02:21.45]entrepreneur [02:24.70]epoch [02:27.64]equal [02:30.38]erroneous [02:33.07]essential [02:35.95]estate [02:38.58]evenly [02:41.26]evil[02:43.84]exceptional [02:46.63]exemplary [02:49.32]exotic [02:51.94]expedition [02:54.94]exploit [02:57.71]exposition [03:00.56]expressway [03:03.59]fable [03:06.13]fabric [03:08.71]factor [03:11.25]faint [03:13.83]fairy [03:16.35]fame [03:18.89]familiar [03:21.46]fascinating [03:24.50]fascist [03:27.27]fashion [03:29.92]fatality [03:33.36]fate[03:36.05]fatigue [03:38.73]favourable [03:41.46]federation [03:44.44]feeble [03:47.13]feedback [03:49.92]fertile [03:52.65]file[03:55.54]filter[03:58.17]flaw [04:00.70]flee [04:03.58]fleet [04:06.61]flexibility [04:09.95]fluid [04:12.98]focus [04:15.96]folklore [04:19.42]forcibly [04:22.52]forerunner [04:25.61]formality [04:28.94]formidable [04:32.09]fragrance [04:34.98]fragrant [04:38.15]freight [04:41.24]friction [04:44.07]frown [04:46.80]fruitful [04:49.59]furious [04:52.42]furnace [04:55.35]fusion [04:57.83]gadget [05:00.45]gain [05:03.19]gap [05:05.82]gauge [05:08.55]gender [05:11.19]gene [05:14.02]generator [05:16.81]genetic [05:19.60]genius [05:22.47]geology [05:25.35]germ [05:27.93]glamour [05:30.67]gland [05:33.10]glitter [05:36.04]goal [05:38.62]gorgeous [05:41.32]grab [05:43.84]grain [05:46.52]graze [05:49.30]grid [05:52.13]gruel [05:54.82]guilt [05:57.39]gulf [06:00.02]gum[06:02.45]gunfire [06:05.53]habitual [06:08.57]hacker [06:11.36]hairy [06:13.90]handbook [06:16.52]handset [06:19.36]harassment [06:22.25]harbour [06:24.82]hardy [06:27.45]harmonious [06:30.43]harness [06:33.07]hasty [06:35.80]hay [06:38.33]heal [06:40.96]hell [06:43.54]hence [06:46.17]herb [06:48.80]hibernate [06:51.99]hierarchical [06:54.73]hip [06:56.95]hitherto [06:59.79]hive [07:02.22]hollow [07:04.78]holly [07:07.38]homosexual [07:10.47]honesty [07:14.47]honeymoon [07:16.08]honourable [07:18.56]hormone [07:21.18]horror [07:23.87]hose [07:26.46]howl [07:29.06]huddle [07:31.60]hurricane [07:34.60]hut [07:37.04]hypothesis [07:39.62]iceberg [07:42.45]icon [07:44.86]ideology [07:48.57]idiot [07:51.04]idle [07:53.62]ignorance [07:56.31]illiterate [07:59.04]illusion[08:01.87]imaginative [08:04.76]imitation [08:07.69]impair[08:10.37]impatient [08:13.35]imply[08:16.14]impractical [08:19.39]incomprehensive [08:22.73]indirect[08:25.33]infer[08:28.01]inland[08:30.65]inlet[08:33.27]insurgent [08:35.95]integrity [08:38.90]intercourse [08:41.63]intermediary [08:44.62]interrogation [08:47.80]intersection [08:50.89]intrinsic[08:53.83]inventory [08:56.56]inward[08:59.20]irony[09:01.72]irrational [09:04.25]irritate[09:07.08]isle[09:09.72]jelly[09:12.80]jigsaw[09:15.49]jury[09:18.07]justice[09:20.80]juvenile[09:23.53]kidney[09:26.25]kilowatt [09:28.78]kneel[09:34.82]landmine [09:37.88]lane[09:39.92]latitude[09:43.28]layman[09:45.91]lesbian[09:48.71]levy[09:51.32]liaison[09:54.06]liar[09:56.58]lieutenant [09:59.38]lifetime[10:01.77]lightweightWord List 29A:[ti:][ar:][al:][by:九九Lrc歌词网～] [00:11.01]Word List 29A[00:14.64]linen[00:17.33]lipstick[00:19.87]liquor[00:22.69]liter/-tre[00:25.43]livelihood[00:28.27]liver[00:30.95]locust[00:34.09]lodge[00:36.61]longitude[00:39.34]loom[00:41.98]loop[00:44.62]lord[00:47.41]luncheon[00:49.95]magnet[00:52.64]mall[00:55.18]malpractice[00:58.21]manhood[01:01.37]mansion[01:04.26]marble[01:07.10]marine[01:09.97]marsh[01:12.82]martyr[01:15.56]mass[01:18.15]mastery[01:20.85]maternity[01:23.68]meadow[01:26.37]meantime[01:29.05]mechanic[01:31.68]mechanics[01:34.52]Medicare[01:37.30]medieval[01:39.88]memorandum[01:42.82]mercury[01:45.67]mere[01:48.45]metallic[01:51.24]methodology[01:54.42]metric[01:57.11]metropolitan [02:00.35]midwife [02:03.23]milestone [02:06.32]military [02:09.25]militia [02:12.19]ministerial [02:15.24]mint [02:18.13]miracle [02:20.87]miserable [02:23.61]missionary [02:26.35]mistress [02:29.14]mob [02:31.57]modest [02:35.26]modesty [02:37.99]moisture [02:40.73]motherhood [02:43.50]motive [02:46.39]mountainous [02:49.44]mug [02:51.91]multicultural [02:54.80]multinational [02:57.79]municipal [03:00.57]muscular [03:03.45]naive [03:06.49]naked [03:09.18]namely [03:11.71]napkin [03:14.35]nasty [03:16.98]navigation [03:20.02]Negro [03:22.64]nerve [03:25.17]neutral [03:27.90]nickname [03:30.54]nightmare [03:33.23]nil[03:35.71]nitrogen [03:38.50]nominee [03:41.37]nonprofit [03:44.36]nonsense [03:47.39]notation [03:50.32]noticeable [03:53.11]nucleus [03:55.54]nylon [03:58.52]oak[04:01.24]obedient[04:04.03]obesity[04:06.86]obscene[04:09.70]occasional[04:12.50]odd[04:15.09]odds[04:17.83]olive[04:20.66]omelette[04:23.49]omit[04:30.18][04:26.23]onward(s) [04:33.11]opening[04:36.09]opinionated [04:39.17]opium[04:42.07]oracle[04:44.86]orchestra[04:47.79]ore ［[04:50.48]organic[04:53.31]organize/-ise [04:56.55]orthodox[04:58.84]outlet[05:01.47]outpost[05:04.22]overpass[05:06.90]oxide[05:09.60]ozone[05:12.33]paperback[05:15.07]paradise[05:17.95]parameter[05:20.73]parasite[05:23.41]parental[05:26.09]pastime[05:29.04]pastry[05:31.73]pasture[05:34.42]pat[05:37.21]paw[05:39.74]payment[05:42.36]peanut[05:44.84]pearl[05:47.37]peculiarity[05:50.61]pedestrian[05:53.54]penguin[05:55.87]peninsula[05:58.74]periodic[06:01.63]pervasive[06:04.42]petrochemical[06:07.75]petroleum[06:10.85]phoenix[06:13.59]physiological[06:16.62]pigeon[06:19.25]pilgrim[06:21.63]pillar[06:24.26]pinch[06:27.04]pipeline[06:29.68]pistol[06:32.30]pit[06:34.67]planetary[06:37.76]plantation[06:40.90]platform[06:43.83]plaza[06:46.62]polytechnic[06:49.42]pope[06:52.36]porch[06:55.55]porridge[06:58.19]premier[07:01.07]prestige[07:07.70][07:04.08]problematic（al）[07:11.20]propaganda[07:13.98]prophet[07:16.52]prose[07:19.41]prosecution[07:22.35]protective[07:25.09]protein[07:27.67]prototype[07:30.54]province[07:33.48]prune[07:36.01]psychiatrist[07:39.35]pudding[07:41.90]pumpkin[07:44.71]quake[07:47.24]qualify[07:50.34]quantify[07:53.06]quart[07:55.80]quarterly[07:58.59]quartz[08:01.38]questionnaire[08:04.37]quote[08:07.10]racecourse[08:09.79]racket[08:12.99]radar[08:15.99]radiation [08:18.86]radium [08:21.55]radius [08:24.38]rage [08:27.10]rape [08:29.79]realism [08:32.53]realm [08:35.16]rear [08:37.95]receiver [08:40.83]recipient [08:43.86]rectangular [08:47.45]refuge [08:50.13]region [08:52.99]regulatory [08:56.64]relate [08:59.43]renaissance [09:02.27]renewable [09:05.21]repertoire [09:08.44]repetition [09:11.73]replacement [09:14.81]repression [09:17.86]rescuer [09:20.79]resemblance [09:24.33]resentment [09:27.42]reshuffle [09:30.26]residence [09:32.58]resignation [09:35.52]resolution [09:38.57]resource [09:41.40]respectful [09:44.14]respondent [09:46.67]retrospective [09:50.07]reversible [09:53.05]revolution [09:56.09]rhythm [09:59.02]rib[10:01.70]rid[10:04.48]ringroad [10:07.67]riot[10:10.52]rip[10:13.19]robbery [10:16.13]robustWord List 29B:[ti:][ar:][al:][by:九九Lrc歌词网～] [00:11.41]Word List 29B[00:15.51]rod[00:18.25]rooster[00:21.08]roughly[00:24.02]route[00:26.74]rub[00:29.28]rug[00:32.16]rumor[00:34.80]rust[00:37.54]saint[00:40.33]sandstorm[00:43.46]sarcasm[00:46.24]saxophone[00:49.12]scholarly[00:52.01]seam[00:54.80]secrecy[00:57.73]sector[01:00.57]secular[01:03.55]segregation[01:06.64]semester[01:09.58]semiconductor[01:12.74]senator[01:15.43]seniority[01:18.37]sensational[01:21.33]sensitivity[01:24.31]sergeant[01:27.17]sexy[01:30.12]shaft[01:33.00]shaky[01:35.60]shareholder[01:38.53]shark[01:41.11]sharp[01:43.74]shell[01:46.53]shepherd[01:49.15]shiver[01:51.99]shrewd[01:54.73]shrub[01:57.40]shutter[02:00.04]sideline[02:02.97]sign[02:05.70]signpost [02:08.64]silicon [02:11.42]simplistic [02:14.61]sin[02:17.23]sincere [02:20.31]singular [02:23.21]situated [02:26.25]sizable [02:28.87]skull[02:31.70]skyline [02:34.69]slender [02:37.43]slippery [02:40.22]slope [02:42.99]slum [02:45.63]snack [02:48.56]snapshot [02:51.50]snowman [02:54.53]soak [02:57.21]softball [03:00.15]soil[03:02.88]solemn [03:05.82]solemnity [03:08.86]solicitor [03:11.71]solution [03:14.80]sovereignty [03:18.15]spacecraft [03:21.19]spark [03:24.08]sparrow [03:27.02]specialty [03:30.01]specification [03:33.01]specify [03:36.11]specimen [03:39.34]speculative [03:42.47]spider [03:45.21]spinal [03:48.15]spine [03:51.23]spokesperson [03:54.52]spouse [03:57.36]squad [04:00.39]stab[04:03.32]stability [04:06.56]stage [04:09.25]staircase[04:15.17]standpoint [04:18.26]statesman [04:21.10]stationary [04:24.29]stem[04:27.27]stereo [04:30.31]sticky[04:33.19]stiff[04:36.03]stir[04:39.03]stockholder [04:42.07]stomachache [04:45.06]stopwatch [04:48.04]storey/story [04:50.94]strap[04:53.77]streak[04:56.81]stricken [04:59.94]stroll[05:02.83]structure [05:05.71]sturdy [05:08.60]submarine [05:11.58]submission [05:14.73]subsidy [05:17.66]subsistence [05:20.74]substantial [05:23.93]suburb [05:26.83]sulfur[05:29.97]summarize/-ise [05:32.90]superintendent [05:36.46]supersonic [05:39.89]supervisor [05:43.08]supportive [05:46.48]surf[05:49.21]surgical [05:52.20]sway[05:55.19]sympathize/-se [06:00.23]syndrome [06:02.15]tag[06:04.38]tanker [06:07.17]tap[06:09.96]tax[06:12.85]taxfree [06:16.16]teamwork [06:19.37]tedious [06:22.57]temperament[06:28.85]tenant[06:31.77]termination [06:35.02]terrace[06:37.91]terrain[06:40.83]terrific[06:43.97]territory [06:47.11]textile[06:49.95]texture [06:52.83]Thanksgiving [06:55.72]therapy [06:58.40]thereafter [07:01.34]thereby [07:04.27]thermometer [07:07.41]thesis[07:10.15]thigh[07:12.82]thorn[07:15.61]threat[07:18.49]thrive[07:22.04]throne[07:24.20]tide[07:26.34]tile[07:29.28]timber[07:32.18]toll[07:35.05]topic[07:38.09]torch[07:40.98]tow[07:43.90]toxic[07:46.64]trademark [07:49.47]tragedy [07:52.30]tragic[07:55.18]trainee[07:57.98]trainer[08:00.99]transcontinental [08:04.42]trash[08:07.11]tray[08:09.89]trench[08:12.72]tribe[08:15.29]tribunal [08:18.14]trillion[08:20.83]trim[08:23.60]tropical [08:26.28]trumpet [08:28.86]trunk[08:31.50]truthful [08:34.63]tub[08:37.12]tuition [08:39.96]tunnel [08:42.79]ulcer[08:45.48]ultraviolet [08:48.46]unbutton [08:51.19]underneath [08:54.27]uniform [08:57.21]unity[08:59.99]unprecedented [09:03.23]unworkable [09:06.11]upfront [09:08.91]urgency [09:11.78]usage[09:14.51]utopia [09:17.40]vacuum [09:20.18]valve[09:23.06]van[09:25.74]vanilla [09:28.63]vapor[09:31.41]vegetation [09:34.80]velvet[09:38.85]venue [09:40.47]verse[09:42.96]victorious [09:46.21]viewpoint [09:49.00]violet[09:51.70]virgin[09:54.32]vision[09:57.11]vitamin [09:59.82]volt[10:01.90]voucher [10:04.49]vulgar [10:07.32]wage[10:10.06]wardrobe [10:12.79]warehouse [10:15.52]wasteful [10:18.25]wasteland [10:21.45]watchdog [10:24.28]wayside [10:27.16]webcast [10:30.06]weightlifting [10:33.05]whatsoever[10:38.88]wireless[10:41.77]workforce[10:44.80]worship[10:47.89]wreckage[10:50.68]yacht[10:53.23]yearly[10:56.31]yoga[10:59.09]youngster[11:02.04]zinc超纲词汇：Word List 30：[ti:][ar:][al:][by:九九Lrc歌词网～][00:10.83]Word List 30[00:13.13]abut[00:15.36]advent[00:18.38]affluent[00:20.99]allegiance[00:24.17]antenna[00:27.57]arson[00:30.22]audit[00:33.29]auditorium[00:35.75]auditory[00:39.43]benevolent[00:42.01]benign[00:45.23]budge[00:48.09]canteen[00:50.50]chancellor[00:54.05]converse[00:57.34]converse[01:00.32]cosmopolitan[01:03.11]credential[01:06.63]cult[01:09.06]curt[01:11.29]deceptive[01:14.62]devastate[01:17.60]downfall[01:20.43]embryo[01:26.41]ethic [01:29.09]excel [01:31.77]factual [01:34.91]feudal [01:37.43]ford[01:40.06]greed [01:42.90]groom [01:45.37]haven [01:48.31]helmet [01:50.89]hybrid [01:53.66]impartial [01:56.85]infrastructure [01:59.73]innate [02:02.46]intake [02:05.35]intestine [02:08.33]itinerary [02:11.31]juggle [02:13.74]kin[02:16.21]legacy [02:19.00]longevity [02:21.98]malnutrition [02:25.12]mammal [02:28.30]manure [02:30.78]mar[02:33.76]motto [02:36.64]perspiration [02:39.78]pertinent [02:42.41]pharmacy [02:45.70]pristine [02:47.87]probation [02:50.70]quaint [02:53.94]ramp [02:56.41]sediment [02:59.09]shear [03:01.82]slate [03:04.50]solicit [03:07.29]solitude [03:10.33]spotlight [03:13.31]stark [03:16.14]stationery [03:19.32]stylish [03:22.61]supple [03:24.54]tenure。

认知词汇学

认知词汇学

不少 认 知 语言 学 家 ( Langacker 1987, Croft & Cruse 2004, Evans & G reen 2006) 对 CL 的 基本 原 则作 出 过概 括。本文将其大致归结为以下 几点 : ( 1) 语言能 力是人类 一般认知能力不可或缺的组成 部分 ; ( 2) 语言的 形成和理 解与其他认知机 制相 关 ; ( 3) 语义结 构是 概念 结构 , 概念 结构是知识的表 征 , 具有 体验性 ; ( 4) 意 义表 征是 百科知 识性的 ; ( 5) 语言 知识 源自 使用。 以上 原则 既体 现了 CL 的三个主 要 研究 目 标 : 语 言知 识 如何 表 征 , 语 言 如 何习 得 , 语言如何使用 ; 也反映了 CL 的核心观 点 : 语言 不是现 实经验的直接 映射 , 而 是要 经过 认知 这个 中间 过程 的加 工处理。 认知词汇学 首先 应该 遵循 以上 基本 研究 原 则 , 因为 词汇是语言的重要组成 成分之 一。但词汇 具有从 大量用 法事件中抽象 概括 出来 的形 式和 意义 上的 共性 特征 , 是 去语境化 ( decontex tua lization ) 、 图式 化 ( sche m atization ) 的 规约语言单位 , 因此 , 认知 词汇学 的研究原 则应有 以下特 殊性 : ( 1) 词汇范畴的内部结构与认 知范畴的结 构之间存 在极大的相似性 ; ( 2) 词 义是 概念结 构 , 具有 体验 性和百 科性 ; ( 3) 词汇形成与身体经验和认知方式相关 ; ( 4) 词汇 形成是一个心 理固 化和 约定 俗成 的过 程 , 也是 一个 语法 化过程 ; ( 5) 词汇搭配与人类基本认知方式相关。 例如 , 从认知分析法看 , 母亲 ! 一词的认知 域至少应 该包括 生 殖域、 遗 传域 、 养育 域、 婚 姻 域和 谱 系域 !; 而 父亲 !则包 括 遗 传域、 养育 域、 权 威域、 婚 姻 域和 谱系 域 ! 。这 些认知域共同构成 母 亲 ! 或 父亲 ! 的复 杂概念 结构 , 形成它们 约定 俗 成的 抽象 概念。当 这个 复杂 概念 结构 中 的 任 何 一 个 部 分 得 到 凸 显 成 为 激 活 区 ( activ e zone), 就可能形成词语的动态 词义。在 亲生母 亲 !、 母 校 ! 、 母亲 节点 ! ( m othe r node) 中 , 母 亲 ! 的复杂 概念结 构的不同 认 知域 被 激活 , 从而 形 成 了对 它 的不 同 解 读 : 亲生母亲 !凸显 生殖、 遗传 !概 念 , 而 其余则 是隐喻 、 引 申用法 , 分别凸显 养育 ! 、 谱系 !概念。

认知语义学 初中词汇

认知语义学 初中词汇

认知语义学（Cognitive Semantics）是一种语言学理论，主要关注词汇和概念的语义关系，以及这些关系如何反映在语言使用和理解中。

虽然认知语义学并没有特别针对初中词汇进行深入研究，但是该理论的一些基本概念和原则可以用于解释初中词汇的语义关系。

以下是一些与认知语义学相关的初中词汇的例子：
1. 反义词：例如，“高”和“低”，“快”和“慢”，“多”和“少”。

这些反义词在语义上具有相反的意义，它们在认知语义学中被视为一种对立的概念。

2. 近义词：例如，“美丽”和“漂亮”，“悲伤”和“难过”，“开心”和“快乐”。

这些词在语义上具有相似的意义，它们在认知语义学中被视为一种类别的概念。

3. 上下义词：例如，“水果”是“苹果”、“香蕉”、“梨”等词的上义词，“苹果”是“水果”的下义词。

上下义词之间的关系是一种包含关系，即上义词包含下义词。

4. 比喻义：例如，“像鸟一样飞”是指像鸟一样在空中飞行。

这种比喻义是基于两个事物之间的相似性而形成的。

以上这些例子展示了认知语义学中的一些基本概念和原则，即概念的形成是基于人类的认知经验和语言使用习惯。

这些概念和原则可以用于解释初中词汇的语义关系，帮助学生更好地理解和记忆词汇。

认知三字语

认知三字语

认知三字语是一种简短的表达方式，通常由三个汉字组成，用于描述某种概念、状态或行为。

以下是一些常见的认知三字语：
1. 真善美：表示真实、善良和美好的品质或状态。

2. 想干做：表示有想法、有行动力和付诸实践的状态。

3. 硬道理：表示不可动摇的规则或原则。

4. 慢下来：表示放松、放慢脚步或减少压力的状态。

5. 冷思考：表示冷静、理智和客观的思考方式。

6. 轻生活：表示轻松、自在和简单的生活方式。

7. 高效率：表示快速、准确和有效的完成工作或任务。

8. 自主权：表示个人或组织独立自主地决策和行动的能力。

9. 快节奏：表示快速、紧凑和高效的生活或工作节奏。

10. 好心态：表示积极、乐观和向上的心态状态。

以上是一些常见的认知三字语，它们简洁明了，易于理解和记忆，能够有效地传达信息和表达思想。

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