国际贸易实务双语教程Chapter10 The Conclusion of Sales Contracts[精]
国际贸易实务双语Chapter 10
Chapter Ten Part A English Tex
General Contract
Consideration Consideration means some right, profit or benefit made to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility which is given, suffered or undertaken by the other. In a contract of sale, for example, the seller may promise to supply certain goods. The law will not enforce a promise unless it is supported by consideration. Consideration can be described as “the price that supports a promise”. Consideration may be either a “profit or benefit to the promisee” or a “detriment to the promisor”. For example, Mike promises to give Tim $3 000 if Tim does not eat for four days. There is on the face of it a valid contract. In this case, the consideration for Mike’s promise to pay $3 000 is the detriment of four days’ hunger to Tim. Of course, Tim is under no obligation to starve him for such a long time because it is a unilateral contract. But Mike is obliged to pay the money if Jack chooses to do so.
国际贸易-国际贸易实务英文
* An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into a contract. In other words, it refers to trading terms put forward by offerers to offerees, on which the offerers are willing to conclude business with the offerers. There are two kinds of offers, one is the firm offer, the other, non-firm offer.
II) Contents of the offer shall be sufficiently definite, i.e., trade terms of the offer shall be complete, clear and final * The “Convention” stipulates that a sufficiently definite offer should include three basic elements: name, quantity and price * In our foreign trade practice, a complete offer shall include the quality, quantity, packing, price, terms of delivery of the goods and terms of payment.
国际贸易实务英文版Chapter10InternationalTradeProcedures
1.5 Document examination and payment
When L/C is used, importer’s bank will be responsible to check documents and make sure they are acceptable (comply with the L/C terms).
Stage 2: Business negotiation
Four steps: enquiry offer counter-offer acceptance conclusion of sales contract
Information to be included in a contract: full name, address and other necessary information description of the commodity (name, quality, quantity,
1.7 Taking delivery and reinspection
Re-inspection at the loading port ✓ The importer should check the outer package
国际贸易实务双语教程(第三版)课后答案解析
Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade
Key
I. Answer my questions
1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.
2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.
3. To gain profit.
4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.
Chapter_10_Negotiation_and_Conclusion_of_Contracts_in_International_Sales_of_Goods
出口交易前的准备工作
一、对国际市场进行调查研究
(一)调查国际市场行情，重视信息情报 (二) 调查竞争对手
二、制定出口营销方案
●营销方案
企业在一定时期内的营销意图、 营销方法、时间、数量、地点、价 格和业务措施的全面安排。
●出口商品营销方案的内容：
第一、国外市场供求情况 第二、企业货源供给情况 第三、国际市场营销情况 第四、推销计划安排 第五、进入国际市场的方式 第六、销售渠道和促销手段 第七、出口经营交易条件 第八、有关政策的执行和策略的运用 第九、其它存在的问题及解决的办法
Negotiation and Conclusion of Sales Contract
The Necessary Works before Import and Export Transaction 1. Market Research and Promotion
1) Market Research The most difficult part of exporting is taking the first step. Any exporter who wants to sell his products in a foreign country or countries must first conduct a lot of market researches. Market research is a process of conducting research into a specific market for a particular product.
国际贸易实务双语教程Chapter10 The Conclusion of Sales Contracts
Definition of Contract
A contract is an agreement reached by two or more than two parties concerned, in order to establish, modify or terminate the civil right and obligation of the parties.
3. The acceptance made and delivered to the offeror within the effective period of the offer.
4. The transmission way of the acceptance notice conforming to the requirement of the offer.
The necessary conditions for a valid offer in law
1. An offer must be addressed to one or more specific persons.
2. The contents of an offer must be sufficiently definite.
3. The basis on which a contract is fulfilled.
国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案
国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案
Key
Chapter1
I. Answer my questions
1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.
2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.
3. To gain profit.
4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.
口语 Unit 10 Conclusion of Business
Unit10 Conclusion of business
谈判结语
10.1 Samples例文
Dialogue A
A: Mr. Brown, I’m glad we’ve come to terms for the transaction, shall we examine the details before we draft the contract?
B: Yes, go ahead.
A: We will supply you with 5,000 straw bags at USD 9 per piece CIF Sydney. Shipment by the middle of October. Payment by irrevocable sight L/C. Am I right?
B: Yes, and the straw bags should be wrapped individually in a poly bag, 10 dozen to a carton. The packaging must be waterproof as well as strong enough to stand shock and rough handling.
A: You needn’t worry about that.
B: And insurance should be effected by you with PICC for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks.
国际贸易理论与实务(英文版)(第四版) Ch.10 GATT and WTO 20151103
5) 6)
7) 8) 9) 10)
Textiles and clothing; Agriculture;
Safeguards; Subsidies and countervailing duties; Trade-related intellectual property restrictions; Trade-related investment restrictions;
Problem 2: GATT had been found wanting (欠缺的). It was clearly no longer as relevant to the realities of world trade as it had been in the 1940s. Little success in liberalizing agricultural trade; Trade in textiles and clothing was an exception to GATT’s normal disciplines; GATT’s institutional structure and its dispute settlement system were causing concern. Only deal with trade in goods.
4. Two GATTs
国际贸易实务英文版参考答案
Chapter 1
I .YES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.
II. 流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销
出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额
贸易顺差／贸易逆差欧盟
国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易
excess liquidity self-sufficient
economic resources direct investment balance of payments barter
export tax rebate dumping
export-driven economic growth host country balance of trade
favorable/unfavorable balance of trade European Union
favorable/unfavorable balance of payments visible trade invisible trade trade in goods trade in services
III
The chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. export s to China and the trade balance. The U.S. has a negative trade b alance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increa sing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of the year.
国际贸易实务-chapter10
（三）信用证中容易出现的问题
1．信用证的性质。 2．信用证有关期限。 3．信用证当事人。开证申请人名址或受益 人名址与合同不符。 4．信用证金额货币。。 5．汇票。 6．分批和转运。。 7．货物。 8．单据
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三、改证
通过审证，发现问题后，必须要求客户 改证，并在收到银行改证通知后，才能对外 发货。改证流程：卖方审证——函电要求买 方修改——买方通知开证行改证——开证行 改证并转交通知行——通知行再将改证转交 卖方。
致。 第四，货物备妥时间应与信用证装运期限相
适应。 第五，卖方对货物要有完全的所有权并不得
侵犯他人权利。
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三、出口报验
1．出口报验流程
出口报验是出口生产、经营单位按照 《商检法》规定，向当地出入境检验检疫局 申请办理检验手续。一般在货物备妥后填写 “出境货物报验单”（单据10．1），附上 合同和信用证副本等凭据，向商检部门报验， 实施“先报验，后报关”的通关模式。
（8）运输方式
（9）运输工具名称
（10）提运单号
（11）发货单位
（12）贸易方式
（13）征免性质
（14）结汇方式
（15）许可证号
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（16）运抵国（地区） （17）指运港 （18）境内货源地 （19）批准文号 （20）成交方式 （21）运费 （22）保费 （23）杂费 （24）合同协议号 （25）件数 （26）包装种类
国际贸易实务双语教程(第三版)unit 10
Perils and Losses Covered by Marine Insurance (海 洋货物运输保险的风险与损失) Natural Calamities
Perils
Perils of the Sea
Fortuitous Accidents
General ～
Extraneous risks and losses
Introduction of the insurance coverage of marine cargo transport
the exclusion of basic coverage
Basic risks
additional risks
responsibilities and time limit of insurance
Section Two Risks, Losses and Expenses
According to the loss or damage caused by risks included in different coverage and the expenses involved, the insurance company is responsible for indemnifying the insured goods. Obviously, risk, loss and coverage are closely related to each other. In order to have a clear understanding of the contents of insurance, these three terms should be clarified.
国际贸易实务双语教程(第三版)课后答案解析
Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade
Key
I. Answer my questions
1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.
2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.
3. To gain profit.
4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.
国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案
Key
Chapter1
I. Answer my questions
1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.
2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.
3. To gain profit.
4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.
国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案
Chapter1
I. Answer my questions
1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national
borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also
encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism,
banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications.
It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business
relationship may be private or governmental.
2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.
3. To gain profit.
4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.
5. There are four major forms which are the following:
国际贸易实务课后答案详解 第十一章 汇付和托收
第十一章汇付和托收
一、思考题
1．试写出T/T、M/T、D/D、D/P、D/A、T/R、O/A的英文全文、中文译名，并分别简述其基本含义。
答：（1）电汇（telegraphic transfer，T/T）是由汇款人委托汇出行用电报、电传、环球银行间金融电讯网络（SWIFT）等电讯手段发出付款委托通知书给收款人所在地的汇入行，委托它将款项解付给指定的收款人的一种汇付方式。
（2）信汇（mail transfer，M/T）是指汇出行应汇款人的申请，以信汇委托书或支付通知书作为结算工具，通过邮政航空信件方式寄发给汇入行的一种汇付方式。
（3）票汇（remittance by banker’s demand draft，D/D）是指汇出行应汇款人的申请，以票据作为结算工具，开立以其代理行或其他往来银行为付款人的银行即期汇票，列明收款人名称、金额等，交由汇款人自行寄交给收款人，凭票向付款行取款的一种汇付方式。
（4）付款交单（documents against payment，D/P）是指出口人的交单须以进口人的付款为条件，即出口人将汇票连同货运单据交给银行托收时，指示银行只有在进口人付清货款时才能交出货运单据。
（5）承兑交单（documents against acceptance，简称D/A）是指出口人的交单以进口人的承兑为条件，进口人承兑汇票后，即可向银行取得货运单据，待汇票到期日才付款。
（6）信托收据（trust receipt，T/R）是进口人借单时提供的一种书面信用担保文件，用以表示出据人愿意以代收银行的受托人身份代为提货、报美、存仓、保险、出售，同时承认货物的所有权仍属银行。
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The time for an offer coming into effect
The Withdrawal and the Revocation of an offer
1. The withdrawal of an offer 2. The revocation of an offer
Counter Offer
Counter offer means a reply to the offer made by the offeree, not accepting completely the terms of the offer and with the proposal to modify or change it.
Inquiry
The non-firm offer is legally called as invitation to for offer, referring to with an intention to purchase or sell some certain commodities, one party inquires about the trade terms to the other party, or brings about a proposal for business transaction with some terms. There are some ways to make an invitation to for offer, the inquiry is widely used. It is not with legal force, nor constituting an offer.
5. An acceptance must be indicated.
10.2 Establishment of International Business Contract
Establishment of Contract Significance of Signing a Contract Forms of Contract in Written Form
Establishment of Contract
Time of Establishment of a Contract Key Elements for an Effective Contract
1. The parties concerned must be with the conduct capacity to sign a contract.
willingness.
Significance of Signing a Contract
1. The evidence to prove a contract is established.
2. The term with which a contract comes into effect.
3. The basis on which a contract is fulfilled.
Forms of Contract in Written Form
The form of a contract in written form is not limited. The both parties concerned may adopt anyone of these forms including Contract, Confirmation, Agreement or Memorandum. In addition, there are letter of intent, purchase order, authorization order sheet and the like to be taken as the form of a contract.
General Contents of Contract
Head General Clauses Ending
Case Study
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9
Definition
An offer is a proposal of terms and conditions presented in a potential contract by one party, called the offeror, to anther party, called the offeree.
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Acceptance
Implication of an acceptance The key elements constituting an acceptance The period for an acceptance coming into effect Late Acceptance The Withdrawal of An Acceptance
Invalidation of an Offer
1. The expiry date 2. Rejection 3. Counter-offer 4. Force Majeure 5. In case that the offeror or offeree becomes
incapable of legal transaction (such as insanity, death etc.), the offer is invalid.
The key elements constituting an acceptance
1. An acceptance must be made by the specific offeree.
2. The contents of the acceptance must be in compliance with the offer, that is to say, the modification on the offer is usually regarded as a counter offer as stated above.
2. A contract must be with Consideration or Cause. 3. The objective of a contract must be legal. 4. A contract shall be in compliance with the
stipulated form by law. 5. The party concerned of a contract shall be in true
3. The acceptance made and delivered to the offeror within the effective period of the offer.
4. The transmission way of the acceptance notice conforming to the requirement of the offer.
Case 2:
As an exporter , we cable an American businessman to export agricultural products. Beside the necessary items stated in the offer , the clause Packing in Sound bags is also added in. During the validity of the offer , the American businessman replies Refer to your telex first accepted Packing in new bags When we receive the above reply ,we are ready for shipment. The international market price for the agricultural products tumbled a few days ago. The American businessman replies that the contract does not established because we did not confirm when they changed the packing condition. We insists that the contract has been established. So the parties occur this argument . How to handle this case?
Case 1:
Our company imports from abroad a batch of agricultural products and resold them to an American company. Our company makes an offer to the American company. The next day the American company accepts our offer completely. And they request us to offer the certificate of origin. Two weeks later, the American businessman opens an L/C to us. When we are prepared to dispatch the goods, we receive the advice from the Commodity inspection bureau. The certificate of origin should not be issued because the goods are not produced by Chinese company. Then we inform the American businessman to cancel the clause which is required to offer the certificate of origin, is rejected, so controversial. We put forward that we do not agree to provide the certificate of origin, so it is not our duty to offer it. However they believe that it is our duty to offer. Please try to make arbitration on this case according to the CISG.
Definition of Contract
A contract is an agreement reached by two or more than two parties concerned, in order to establish, modify or terminate the civil right and obligation of the parties.
Chapter 10 The Conclusion of Sales Contracts
10.1 The procedure for the conclusion of sales contract
Definition of Contract Offer Inquiry Counter Offer Acceptance
Offer
Definition The necessary conditions for a valid offer in law Validity time of an offer The time for an offer coming into effect The Withdrawal and the Revocation of an offer Invalidation of an Offer