C-E translation ppt, unit 2
C-E翻译教程
Translation Theory & Practice (2) Course No. 1400142 Lecturer: Wang Xiao-nongAn Introductory Course of C-E Translation for Advanced EFL StudentsThis course is a mind-opener for beginners in learning Chinese-English translation. Amen!C-E translation, an inverse direction to us:We translate out of our mother tongue, our habitually used language, into the target language, English, a foreign language to us.Significance of learning C-E translation well: macro and micro◇To guide you in performing C—E translation according to the general principles and specific requirements;◇To equip you with the essential strategies and skills for translating Chinese sentences and texts into English.◇To help you acquire a clear and adequate understanding of the English syntax and communicative rhetoric;◇To introduce to you the common ground and differences between English and Chinese in sentence-making;☆The fourfold goal of the course:The course is designed:I. Introduction to C-E translation---As the most important subject for developingyour ability to use English---The target language & the target readers---Consultation to various information sourcesII.1. Basic conceptOurs: C-E translation is typically a process of the translator (s) expressing accurately in the English language the meaning, message, or function of the Chinese original as s/he comprehends, first in terms of substance and secondly in terms of structure and style.E. Nida’s Definition of translatio n (remember?)2. Translation unit: the sentence vs. the text?The text: the ideal and theoretical translation unit.The sentence: the performing unit, for it is semantically an effective unit of information / meaning, pragmatically a unit of message and communication, and cognitively a unit of attentionThe sentence as unit interacts with the text as unit.The approach based on the sentence as the practical unit of operation and analysis under the textual translation framework (remember?):Syntactic approach + Inter-sentence cohesion + Global finishing polish3. Basic procedureIn practice, the translator moves back and forth from the original to the target text, trying to reinterpret or enrich his comprehension of the original and then construct the target text until, as he sees, he has found a satisfactory version in the target language.From reading to translating is a process of reincarnation or transfiguration.For convenience of analysis, we make a distinction of comprehension and expression.[1] Understand thoroughly the contextualized words, and ona word-by-word basis, the phrases, clauses, and sentences in the original on the semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, and functional levelImmediate relevant are such factors as(1)他的英语水平比我高。
E时代高职英语——综合教程2_
New Lifestyles
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TRANSITION PAGE 过渡页
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
1
2
3
4
5
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Lead-in
Listening
＆
Reading
Speaking
Grammar
Watching & Performing
Applied Writing
1 Listen to the dialogues and fill in the blanks.
New Lifestyles
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Dialogue 1
S: Aunt Cindy, do you shop __o__n_l_in__e___ often? C: Yes. It’s very convenient and the price is even ___l_o_w__e__r__.
S: Last week, I tried to buy some books online, but I didn’t know how to pay for them.
Unit 2
New Lifestyles
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Dialogue 2
A: Here we are on the subway.
M: Yes, we are travelling in rush hours. It could be very crowded in the ___________manodranftienr g6
Maybe life will be better without… (Wi-Fi is back on.) Oh thank god! Oh, phew ( 哎呀)! Now
英汉翻译技巧week 4
politically, and economically.
•
20世纪60年代，在军事、政治、经济等 各方面，苏联人对美国的霸权地位提出了 严重的挑战。
• The first electronic computers went into operation in 1945. • 第一批电子计算机于1945年投入使用。
• 人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、 “他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、 “你们”、“他们”的词。 • I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 • me我（宾格）you你（宾格）him他（宾 格）her她（宾格）them他们（宾格）
• • • •
物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词 第一人称单数 my mine 我的 第二人称单数 your yours 你的 第三人称单数 his his 他的 her hers 她的 its its 它的 • 第一人称复数 our ours 我们的 • 第二人称复数 your yours 你们的 • 第三人称复数 their theirs 他们的、她们的、它们 的
• This report summed up the new achievements made in electron tubes, semiconductors and components.
• 本报告总结了电子管、半导体和元件 三 方面的新成就。
7. To add words for rhetoric
• With the development of electrical engineering，power can be transmitted over long distance． • 随着电气工程学的发展，电力能被输送 到非常遥远的地方去。
E时代高职英语_综合教程(1)第二单元
E时代高职英语——综合教程（1）
CONTENTS PAGE 目录页
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lead-in
Listening
＆
Readingຫໍສະໝຸດ SpeakingGrammar
Watching & Performing
Situation: You have made a new friend in your class
today. Your roommate is interested and wants you to tell him/her about your new friend.
Unit 2 Valuable Friendship
Unit 2 Valuable Friendship
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The guy who’s always there whenever you need help.
The guy who always needs your help.
Unit 2 Valuable Friendship
5
The guy who makes you happy.
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Unit 2 Valuable Friendship
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Unit 2 Valuable Friendship
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3 Listen to the song I Will Come to You and then fill in the blanks.
Unit 2 Valuable Friendship
英汉互译-词法翻译ts
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JRJ8
英汉互译
19) 充耳不闻 20) 出人头地 21) 吹毛求疵 22) 破釜沉舟
23) 大惊小怪
24) 大海捞针
turn a deaf ear to be head and shoulders above others pick a hole in sb‘s coat burn one's boat make a fuss about look for a needle in a bundle of hay
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JRJ6
英汉互译
(二）成语 7) cut in a joke
插科打诨 8) speak one's mind 畅所欲言 9) be after one's own heart 称心如意 10) at one's finger-tips 了若指掌 11) fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼 12) thousands upon thousands of 成千上万
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2 JRJ0
英汉互译
(五）汉译英句子翻译实例 51) 这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。 The economic situation in these countries is on the downgrade.. 52) 为了迷人眼目，他们把自己打扮成革命者。 In order to throw dust into the eye of the public, they decked themselves out as revolutionaries.
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2 JRJ9
英汉互译
(一）单词、词组和成语英译汉时具体译法的译例 1) transportation 2) advertisement 运输—运输工具 广告—广告资料
科技英语阅读与翻译
翻译的定义
The employees complained that the supervisor always took notice of the least mistakes they made, and 词语和结构 对等词语和结构： 寻找对等词语和结构：简单语句的译文虽 然生硬， 然生硬，但基本可读
1. 她来得正是时候。 2. 她的丈夫去世至今不过半年。 3. 我认为那篇讲话口气强硬，大可不必。 4. 马其顿之争同希腊也有关系。 5. 英国人同其他民族一样，也有丰富的感情。 6. 从物理学的观点来看，不同的波长有多少种， 颜色就有多少种。
运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种 语言所表达的内容
古代翻译定义
译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。 ----唐朝（618-907）贾公彦《义疏》
夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。 音虽似别，义则大同。 ---宋代（960-1279）法云（10881158）在其所编《翻译名义集》
源出语（the source language） 目的语（the target language）或接受语（the receptor language） 意义保持或大抵保持不变 to translate is “ to change into another language, retaining the sense” ---Dr. 1709---Dr. Samuel Johnson, 1709-1784
信
忠实首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原 作的内容完整而准确的表达出来，不得有任何 篡改、歪曲、遗漏、任意增删的现象。 忠实还指保持原作风格，即原作的民族风格、 时代风格、语体风格、作者个人风格等。
Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money. 误译：因为简想赚钱，所以才不下力。 推荐：简并不是因为想赚钱才下力干的。
c-e translation练习
(1) 原文：It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America – a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.这应该不是件难事。
E-C Translation增译法
三.因文化信息对等的需要而填词
电影可以再现和反映生活，片名也能体现 出不同名族的文化特色，要做到两种文化 的信息对等，除深入分析市场中观众的心 理因素外，还应该考虑片名的文化韵味， 汉语将就文笔意趣，注意译文遣词造句， 讲究文笔优美、生动形象乃至传神。所以 电影片名汉译不应该只是“俗”，而更应 兼顾“雅”。
演
（若将上例译为“在宴会、音乐会、乒乓球表演之后。。。。。。”意思 似乎不够明确。如果在名词之前增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的动词，译为 “在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演后。。。。。。”形成三个动 宾词组，那就意思明确，读起来也at enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民 正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！
（九）增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况 的词 1）In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声 把球打了出去；到了七月，美国“乓”的 一声把球打了回来。
（五）增加表示名词复数的词
汉语名词的复数没有词形变化，很多情况下不必表达出 来。但要表达指多数人的名词时，可在该名词后面加“们” 字，如“the teachers” “教师们”，或在该名词前面加上 “诸位”、“各位”，如“ladies and gentlemen” “诸位 （各位）女士和先生”。此外，英语名词复数，汉译是还可 以根据情况，增加重迭词、数词或其它一些词来表达，这样 做还可以提高修辞效果。
1）He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 2）He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他让法官的职责战胜了父子的私情，而判决他儿 子有罪。
1-5：英汉互译实践与技巧 (课堂PPT)
crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪； armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿； chain reaction 连锁反应； gentlemen’s agreement 君子协定 one country, two systems 一国两制； The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流； paper tiger 纸老虎； go to one’s eternal rest 安息；the long sleep 长眠； see Marx 见马克思；go west 上西天； go to heaven 上天堂；
理解 Comprehension ：comprehend the source text completely
表达 Expression：render the source text into the target language text (a rough translation)
校正 Proofreading：proofread the rough translation & polish
许建平 《英汉互译实践与技巧》清华大学出版社 2006年 郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》武汉大学出版社
1996年 张培基 《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社 1980年 张光明 《英语实用文体翻译》中国科学技术大学出版社
2009年 连淑能 《英汉对比研究》高等教育出版社 1993年 李瑞华 《英汉语言文化对比研究》上海外语教育出版社
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Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围
英 国 翻 译 教 育 家 Peter Newmark ： “ It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. 翻译是按作者的创造意图把一篇文章的意思 用另一种语言描述出来的过程。”
专业八级翻译专题.ppt
• 洋场：旧时洋人较多的都市，多指上海。 洋场：旧时洋人较多的都市，多指上海。 • （文化背景） 文化背景）
• a metropolis infested by foreign adventurers
• 开埠：开放商业港口 （术语） 开埠： 术语）
• the opening of its commercial port
• 1 2-1 POOR TRANSLATION
• The translation reflects less than half of the original passage. Almost all sentences contain errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is , for the most part, unreadable.
• 专八汉译英翻译：译文的句式处理恰当，选词妥 专八汉译英翻译：译文的句式处理恰当，选词妥 句式处理恰当 英语比较地道 贴，英语比较地道
2 Exercise
•
C-E Translation
近代的上海，十里洋场，自开埠以来， 近代的上海，十里洋场，自开埠以来，固然有 许多辛酸的不平等的血泪史， 许多辛酸的不平等的血泪史，固然有许多污泥浊 这里被称为是“冒险家的乐园” 水，这里被称为是“冒险家的乐园”，这里有鸦 有荡妇，有赌棍，使人纸醉金迷， 片，有荡妇，有赌棍，使人纸醉金迷，乃至使人 堕落。可是， 堕落。可是，上海这座近代大城市却更有它的另 一面，它有活力、它聪慧、革新、进取， 一面，它有活力、它聪慧、革新、进取，它敢于 担风险，有竞争意识及机制， 担风险，有竞争意识及机制，这种城市意识或风 使人奋发，跟上时代，走向进步。 格，使人奋发，跟上时代，走向进步。 • (163words)
英汉翻译教程 全套课件
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第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
3.《英汉翻译概要》，靳梅林 编著， 南开大学出版 社，1998年。
4.《新编汉英翻译教程》，陈宏薇 编著，上海外语教 育出版社，2004年。
5.《英汉翻译教程》，连淑能 编著，高等教育出版社， 2006年。
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导学——学习网站
1. 中国翻译协会 /tran/index.htm 2. 中国科技翻译
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导学——课程要求
Classroom polices: Late work: Assignments must be turned in on the due date for
full credit. Unless otherwise indicated, all assignments will be due at the beginning of the class period. Assignments that are turned in late will lose 5% per day. Copying and Plagiarism:
E-C Translation
I fooled you again.
它广为不同年龄和不同文化背景的人所喜爱。
It appeals to all ages and all cultures.
几乎每一位滑稽说笑演员都以这样或那样的方式 讲过下面这个笑话。
Nearly every comedian has used the following joke in one form or another.
Unit Seven
当你们没有遵守约定时，我们就再约时间。
When you did not keep appointments, we made new ones.
超过期限
beyond the deadline
当你们要不劳而获时，我们奉手供上。
When you demanded free lunch, we served it.
从托儿所到研究生课堂，老师请男学生发言的次 数远比请女学生多。
From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers call on males in class far more than on male students.
形成更积极的态度
develop more positive attitude
Unit One
这出于自己的喜好。
It has been a labor of love.
有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更有音乐 天赋一样。
Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent.
Passive voice in C-E translation
主动形式具有被动意义
锻炼身体的重要性无论怎样强调也不过分。 The importance of physical training can not be overestimated. 收音机的成本降低了80%。 The cost of radio was reduced by 80%. 所有努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。 Al those who work hard should be encouraged.
她叫大雨淋着了。 She was caught in the downpour. 这个问题必须以适当的方式予以处理。 The problem must be dealt with by appropriate means. 该计划将由一个特别的委员会加以审查。 The plan will be examined by a special committee.
人们认为他的试验很成功。 It is considered that he has succeeded in doing the experiment. 有人主张招聘人才要凭能力，不凭学历。 It is asserted that any talents should be employed by their ability, not by their education background.
无主句的被动句
如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期前不续借，就 得按规定罚款。 If books are not returned to the library on time or not renewed before they are due, a fine must be paid in accordance with the regulation. 因此，应该限制孩子们上网的时间和浏览的内容。 Therefore, children should be restricted as to their time online and what they may browse.
2013二专英汉翻译 - 2英汉语言对比 - 下(1)
2)用作虚义词，代替的主语是难以言明的现象或情形，如用以表示自然现 象、时间、空间以及用于惯用语之中：
理据： 英语语言中的思维注重客观事物对人的作用和影响，以认知
自然为视觉焦点，崇尚自然、认识自然、探索自然，最终 征服自然，主宰宇宙。在语言上表现为英语多用无生命的 名词作主语，主动和被动两个范畴始终泾渭分明。 汉语语言中的思维往往以人为中心，认为只有人才能做出有 意识的动作，因而对思维的主体和客体不加区分，在语言 上表现为汉语常以有生命的名词作主语。 也就是说，英语较常用物称表达法，即不用人称来叙述，而 让事物以客观的口气呈现出来，让作者与读者均有置身其 外的感觉，这在正式文体中很常见。 请看一则图书馆通告：
汉语的“有灵动词”一般只能与人称搭配，根据汉人的思维习惯，人 或社会团体才有这类有意识、有意志的行为，非人类的、无生命的事 物一般只能有一些无意识、无意志的状态、运动或变化。汉语“无灵 主语”与“有灵动词”搭配通常用作一种修辞手段——拟人化：
北京目睹过许多伟大的历史事件。 Beijing has witnessed many great historical events． 星光很早以前就踏上了旅程。 The light from the stars started on its journey long
It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of others students. Penalties for overdue books will in future be strictly enforced.
E英语教程(第二版)2教学课件unit 2
Scripts:
W: Top Art School. What can I do for you? M: Hello. I’d like to study oil painting. Do you offer a course on it? W: Yes. M: Could you please tell me more about the course? W: Sure. The course is given twice a week for two months and the
Listen to a news report and choose the best answer to each of the questions.
2 What did the researchers record with the machine? A. The sounds of dogs. B. The images of dogs. C. The dog trainers’ voices. D. The brain activities of dogs.
W: Let’s go to the restaurant across the street and get something to eat, OK?
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我国的翻译史源远流长。唐代佛经翻译家玄奘曾 提出“既须求真，又须喻俗”的翻译标准。 19世纪末，我国清代资产阶级思想家严复在《天 演论》中也提出了著名的“信faithfulness、达 expressiveness、雅elegance”三字标准： “译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾 信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。 他的翻译标准近百年来为翻译界普遍接受，而其 中的“信”尤为重要。“信”是指忠实于原文的 思想内容和风格，即在充分理解原文的基础上忠 实地表达原文，“信”是译文质量得到保证的首 要条件；“达”是指文理通顺；至于“雅”，如 果赋予新的含义（不是严复所谓的古朴典雅）， 把它理解为修饰润饰，则“雅”应在“信、达” 的前提下，同为翻译的标准。文美风华生，这对 文学翻译特别重要。即使是科技翻译，也要考虑 遣词造句，使译文易懂。
Universally Accepted Criteria of Translation. （普遍接受的翻译标准） 目前普遍为学者接受的标准是“忠实、通顺”。 （1）忠实 忠实首先指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作 的信息完整而且准确地表达出来，不得有任何篡 改、歪曲、遗漏、增删。忠实还指保持原作风格， 即原作的民族风格、时代风格、语体风格以及作 者的个人风格等。要做到忠实，译者首先要正确 理解原文，吃透原文的词义和语法结构以及逻辑 关系，否则就会出现“差之毫厘，失之千里”。 违反忠实标准而引起的误译通常有下列两种情况：
未能正确理解词汇的普通意义和专用含义
以及词义的褒贬色彩 汉语中有些词具有 普通意义和专用含义以及在色彩上有褒贬 之分，在翻译时容易混淆。 (b) 照搬词典上的现成词义 任何一部汉英 或英汉词典，不可能把每个词的所有词义 和用法都列举齐全。即使齐全，还存在对 词义的选择是否确切的问题，加上汉语和 英语语言习惯不同，词义搭配迥异，往往 需要在原文的基础上反复琢磨，进行再创 造。
1）香港总督今晨于北京逝世。 误译：Governor of Hong Kong kicked the bucket in Beijing this morning. 改译：Governor of Hong Kong passed away in Beijing this morning. “逝世” 与“pass away”在语体色彩上一致。 （2）己所不欲，勿施于人。 误译：Do unto others as you would be done by.（没有表达 出原文的逻辑结构所传达的信息，因为原文的信息焦点不在 “不欲”二字。） 改译：Do not do unto other what you do not want to be done by.（在逻辑结构上采用了与原文一致的表达方 （3）瞧你像个落汤鸡！ 误译：You look like a bedraggled chicken!（译文采用直译， 没有传达出原文形象） 改译：You look like a drowned rat!（译文作了变通，改变了 原文的喻体，可是原文表达的“湿淋淋”的形象通过新的喻 体得到了再现。）
1. Evolution of Translation Criterion (翻译标准的 历史沿革) 所谓翻译标准，也叫翻译原则，是指导翻译实践、评 价译文质量的尺度。首先讨论泰特勒的三原则与严复 的三字标准。 18世纪末，爱丁堡大学历史教授亚历三大﹒泰特勒在 《论翻译的原则》一书中系统地提出了进行翻译和评 判翻译的三条基本原则； A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
（2）通顺
通顺指译文语言必须流畅易懂，符合规范，
没有诘屈聱牙、文理不通、晦涩难懂等现 象。通顺是对译文必须的要求。要使译文 通顺，就要在“忠实”的前提下，遵循语 言的自然规律；译文的语言形式要符合译 文语言的习惯；原文语言中最自然的表现 法在译文中也必须用译文语言最自然的表 现法来翻译。例如：
Unit Two
Criteria of Chinese-English Translation Teaching objectives:
This unit is designed to provide students with necessary knowledge of the criteria of Chinese-English translation： (1) evolution of translation criterion; (2) universally accepted criteria of translation.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ (4)三顾茅庐 误译：pay three visits to the hut 改译：ask earnestly a talented person to undertake a great task (5)夏练三伏；冬练三九。 误译：Keep exercising during three fu and three nine. 改译： In summer keep exercising during the hottest day; in winter do the same thing during the coldest weather. 简并非因为想赚钱才努力工作。 误译：Jane works hard because she does not want to earn money. 改译：Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money.
例如： (1)红白喜事 误译：red and white occasions 改译：weddings and funerals (2)眼红、红眼病的 误译：red-eyed 改译：green-eyed (3)衙门自古朝南开，有理无钱莫进来。 误译：Court doors remain open to the south, but you are not allowed to come in if you have no money. 改译：Court doors may open, but not to the poor.