四级翻译常用词组和结构

1. 常用短语：1)首先first of all, in the first place, to begin with, to start with; 起初at first2)最后in the end; 终于at last; 最后但并非最不重要的last but not least3)总之in conclusion, to conclude, in short, to sum up, in all4)换言之in other words, to put in a different way, that is (to say)5)根据，按照according to, in accordance with6)符合，一致in accord with, in line with, in tune with, go with, reconcile…with7)以免，以防for fear of, in case of,; in case /for fear (that)（多跟从句）8)如果发生……，万一in case of, in the event of; in case/in the event（多跟从句）9)为了, 以便with a view to (doing), in an effort to, in order to, with the purpose of，sothat…(后接从句), in order that…(后接从句)10)为了……的好处，看在……的份上for the sake of, for sb.’s sake11)以……为代价at the cost of, at the expense of12)以……命名be named after; 以……的名义in the name of; 被……命名be named by13)由……构成/组成be composed of, be made up of, consist of14)将……考虑进去take account of, take …into account, take …into consideration,allow for15)仔细考虑，反复考虑think over, chew over, revolve around, turn…over (in one’s mind)16)向……提出申请apply to sb. for sth（apply…to…是“将……运用于……”, apply to是“适用于”）17)调整以适应adapt…to…, adjust…to…18)习惯于be used to sth., be accustomed to19)沉溺于be addicted to20)遭受be subjected to, suffer from21)导致result in, lead to, bring about, give rise to22)冒险take a chance/risk, run a risk, take chances, take/run the risk of23)偶然发现，碰到come across, meet with, chance on/upon, hit on/upon, stumbleacross/on24)勇敢面对face up to, stand up to25)犹豫, 临场退缩hesitate to do, hold back26)赞成，支持approve of, agree to, be in favor/support of, back up, stand up for27)代替take the place of, substitute…for; instead of(是介词短语), in place of(是介词短语)28)技穷，想不出办法be at one’s wit’s end29)将……强加给impose…on/upon30)尽力, 努力take pains (to do), go to great pains (to do), go out of one’s way (to do),spare no efforts (to do), struggle to do, go to great lengths to do31)按照……行事，听从act on, listen to32)重视，强调attach great importance to, lay/put/place emphasis/stress/weight on, thinkmuch of33)集中(注意力)于concentrate/focus/center/fix (one’s attention) on, lose oneself in, belost in34)提防, 当心look out (for), watch out for; on the lookout for, on the alert for35)摆脱, 除掉shake off, get rid of, do away with36)围绕……而旋转revolve around, centre on/upon37)向……请教, 求教turn to, go to, resort to, refer to38)下定决心be determined to do, be bent (up)on, set one’s heart on, make up one’s mindto do sth.39)利用make use of, take advantage of sb.40)跟上，赶上keep pace with, keep up with, catch up with41)与……协调一致in harmony with42)做到，达到，实践（誓言等）live up to43)忍受put up with, live with44)平安无恙safe and sound45)九死一生，侥幸逃脱a narrow escape, to escape narrowly46)阐发, 解释, 说清楚elaborate on, spell out, put/get…across to sb.47)在……程度上to some degree, to a certain extent48)从某种意义上in some sense49)关于with/in regard to, with/in reference to, in the case of , as far as … be concerned, asto, as for50)不可能out of the question, beyond me/my ability/means…51)暂时for the time being; 永远for ever, for long52)使……更易理解, 阐明throw/shed/cast light on53)讨价还价bargain over/about (price)54)为纪念……in honor of, in sb’s honor55)参加take part in, participate in, join in, go in for56)随机地，任意地at random57)作为对……的反应in response to, in reaction to, in answer to58)作为回报in return59)依次，轮流take turns, by turns, in turn60)即将到来，临近be drawing near, be around the corner, be at hand61)将……归功于/归因于be owed to, be attributed to62)心情好/坏be in a good/bad mood63)衰落中，衰退中on the decline; 上升中on the rise; 在减少on the decrease64)指控charge sb. with sth; accuse sb. of sth; 怀疑suspect sb. of sth.65)缺货out of stock; 出故障out of order; 疏于练习out of practice; 看不见out ofsight, out of view; 时尚的in style, in fashion, up to date; 不时尚的out of style, out of fashion, out of date66)使……下岗lay…off…67)照料，注意see to, take care of68)确保make sure, to ensure/secure…, to see to it that…69)使免受……spare sb. sth, free…from…; 阻止prevent/stop/keep…from…70)玩得很开心enjoy oneself, have a good time, have a ball71)花（时间/金钱）spend (time or money) on sth., spend …in doing sth.72)弥补make up for, compensate for73)仅次于next to74)错误地当作……mistake…for…75)和……联系get in touch/contact with76)开始干，着手干set about doing sth., set out to do sth., get down to sth77)更不用说let alone, not to mention, not to speak of, much/still less, not to say78)熬夜，开夜车stay up, sit up, burn the midnight oil79)报到，签到check in; 结帐后离开check out80)起作用play a par/role in…2. 常用搭配和结构1)就……来说，关于As far as…be concerned, …; When it comes to…; in terms of2)一方面……，但是另一方面……On (the) one hand,…on the other hand,…3)其一……，其二……For one thing, … for another…4)虽然……，但是……Regardless of…; Although…,…; …, while…; 不管/不顾……In spite of…; Despite…5)正如……，……也……Just as…, (so)…6)不管怎样/不论如何……No matter how/what/where/when/whether…; However /Whatever / Whenever…7)直到……才……not…until…; Not until…, did he…; It’s not until…that …did…8)决不not…at all; not… in the least; by no means; in no case; in no way; on no account;in no sense; under no circumstances; far from (以上含否定词的短语若位于句首，必须引起主句部分倒装)9)只要……就……As long as…; Do…and…will…; 如果……就……If…; Providedthat…; In case10)既然……Since…; Now (that)…11)一……就……Once…,…;12)和……相比Compared to/with…; In comparison with…13)和……相反In contrast with…; Opposed to…;14)和……相比（以-ior结尾的形容词）be superior to（比……优越）；be inferior to（比……低劣）; be senior to （比……年长/位尊）; be junior to （比……年少/位低）;be prior to （比……早）15)现在时虚拟语气，如：It’s important/vital/essential/necessary/urgent/advisable/imperative that…(使用动词原形)…; I prefer that …do…16)过去时虚拟语气, 如：I wish that…did/had done…; I’d rather/prefer that…did/were/had done/had been17)后接不定式的常用词tend to, attempt to, plan to, decide to, long to, intend to,endeavor to, hope to18)后接动名词的动词enjoy doing, appreciate doing, avoid doing, escape doing, minddoing, risk doing, consider doing, finish doing, feel like doing19)忘记去干forget to do; 忘记干过forget doing; 记着去干remember to do; 记得干过remember doing; 遗憾地（干什么）regret to tell/inform/announce…; 后悔干过regret having done; 停下来去干stop to do; 停止干stop doing20)忍不住……，经不住……can’t help doing…; can’t but do…21)显然It’s obvious that…; I t’s evident/clear that…; Obviously,…; Apparently,…22)……有什么用/意义呢？What’s the use/sense/point of doing sth.23)认为……是……regard/view/ look on/think of/ have…as…24)不久以后soon after, It’s not long before…25)……，……也………, so is/was/did…26)……，……也不………, nor does/did…27)令人吃惊/高兴/失望/兴奋的是……To my/our surprise/delight/disappointment /excitement,…28)越……，越……The more…, the more…29)好像as though, as if (后接过去时虚拟语气)30)请人帮忙干活have sth. done （该结构也可表示“遭受”，如have my leg broken）。