Hydraulic Oil
中石油昆仑润滑油指标英文
L-HM Anti Wear Hydraulic Oil 【Performance Features】¾Good viscosity-temperature characteristics ensure the hydraulic parts can be well lubricated， cooled down and sealed under various conditions of working pressure and temperature.¾Outstanding extreme pressure anti wear property, slows down the worn of equipments, and effectively extends the service life of pumps and systems.¾Good oxidation stabilities, slow down the rate of decay, extend oil-draining intervals.¾Good anti-foam properties and air-release characters, to ensure the static pressure energy can be transmitted through systems sensitively, accurately and smoothly.¾HM ashless style hydraulic oil has more excellent hydrolytic stabilities than zinciferous styles. it can apply to the hydraulic system of silver or silver-gilt gadgets.¾Favorable applicability to all sorts of general sealing material.¾Its quality performances meet the specification requirements of GB11118.1-94 (HM), ISO6743/4 (HM), German DIN 51524 (Ⅱ), French AFNOR NF E48-603 (HM), USA Cincinnati Milacron P68/P70/P69 and VickersⅠ-286-S.【Product Series】15, 22, 32, 46, 68, 100 and 150.【Typical Data】L-HM 32 L-HM 46 L-HM 68Test MethodItem30.69 45.61 62.25 ASTM D445Kinematic Viscosity mm2/s40℃Viscosity Index103 101 100 ASTM D2270Flash Point(open cup),℃ 221 236 254 ASTM D92Pour Point, ℃ -19 - 11 - 10 ASTM D97Releasing Air Number (50℃), max 2.5 3.2 11.4 ASTM D3427Seal Compatibility Index 6 6 4 IP 27815 14 14 ASTM D1401Anti-emulsifying Degree (40-37-3)min 54℃L-HV Low-Temperature Anti Wear Hydraulic Oil 【Performance Features】¾Transcendent viscosity-temperature characteristics and low-temperature operating properties, to ensure the favorable cold-starting and pumpability of hydraulic systems under the low-temperature condition;¾Excellent performances of anti-wear, oxidation stabilities, anti-corrosion & anti-rust, slow down the worn-rate of equipments, and effectively extend the operating life;¾Transcendent performances of demulsification, anti-foam property, air-release & filtration characters, ensure the accurate power transmission of systems;¾Excellent anti-shear property, maintaining the stability of oil viscosities under the critical working conditions;¾Favorable applicability to all sorts of general sealing material, to confirm systems being sealed well and without leakage.¾Its quality performances meet the specification requirements of GB11118.1-94 (HV), ISO6743/4 (HV), German DIN 51524 (Ⅲ), USA Denison HF-0, VickersⅠ-286-S, French AFNOR NF E48-603 (HV), etc【Product Series】10, 15, 22, 32, 46, 68, 100 and 150.【Typical Data】Typical Data Sheet of L-HV Low-Temperature Anti Wear Hydraulic OilItem L-HV 32L-HV46 Test Method Kinematic Viscosity mm2/s 40℃ 30.87 42.38 ASTM D445Viscosity Index141 154 ASTM D2270Flash Point(open cup),℃ 199 214 ASTM D92Pour Point, -33 -36 ASTM D97Releasing Air Number (50℃), min 1.9 8.1 ASTM 3427Seal Compatibility Index 4 2 IP 278Anti-emulsifying Degree (40-37-3) min 54℃10 13 ASTM 1401L-HS Synthetic Low-Temperature Anti Wear Hydraulic Oil 【Performance Features】¾Adopting synthetic hydrocarbon oil, hydro-lubes or semi-synthetic hydrocarbon oil as base-oil¾Transcendent viscosity-temperature characteristics and low-temperature operating properties, to ensure smooth operating of hydraulic systems under the low-temperature condition;¾Excellent performances of anti-wear, oxidation stabilities, anti-corrosion & anti-rust, slow down the worn-rate of equipments, and effectively extend the operating life;¾Transcendent performances of demulsification, anti-foam & filtration properties, effectively reduce the contamination of hydraulic systems;¾Excellent anti-shear property, maintain the stability of oil viscosities under the critical working conditions;¾Better applicability to all sorts of general sealing material.¾Quality performances meet the specification requirements of GB11118.1-1 (HS), German DIN 51524 (Ⅲ), ISO6743/4 (HV), USA Denison HF-0, VickersⅠ-286-S, French AFNOR NF E48-603【Product Series】HS 10, 15, 22, 32, and 46.【Typical Data】Typical Data Sheet of L-HS Synthetic Low-Temperature Anti Wear Hydraulic OilItem L-HS 32L-HS 46 Test Method Kinematic Viscosity mm2/s 40℃ 31.25 44.86 ASTM D445Viscosity Index 142 158 ASTM D2270Flash Point(open cup),℃ 200 220 ASTM D92Pour Point, -47 -42 ASTM D97Releasing Air Number (50℃), min 2.1 7.9 ASTM 3427Seal Compatibility Index 4 3 IP 278Anti-emulsifying Degree (40-37-3) min 54℃11 12 ASTM 1401HM/P High-Pressure Anti Wear Hydraulic Oil 【Performance Features】¾Transcendent extreme pressure anti wear property, slows down the worn-rate of equipments, and effectively extends the operating life of pumps and systems.¾Outstanding thermal & oxidation stabilities, slow down the rate of decay, extend oil-draining intervals.¾Good anti-foam properties and air-release characters, to ensure the static pressure energy can be transmitted through systems sensitively, accurately and smoothly.¾Good performances of demulsification and filtration, it can rapidly fractionate the moisture mixing into the oil, maximally reduce the possibility of filter plugging, confirm the function performance of lubrication.¾Favorable applicability to all sorts of general sealing material.¾Quality performances meet the specification requirements of PetroChina Q/SY RH2043-2001, USA Denison HF-0 and Vickers M-2950-S, Ⅰ-286-S, Cincinnati Milacron P68/P70/P69, German DIN 51524 (Ⅱ), French AFNOR NF E48-603 (HM)【Product Series】HM/P32, 46, 68, and 100.【Typical Data】Typical Data Sheet of HM/P High-Pressure Anti Wear Hydraulic OilItem HM 32 HM 46 Test MethodKinematic Viscosity mm2/s 40℃ 31.30 45.55ASTM D445Viscosity Index102 100 ASTM D2270 Flash Point(open cup),℃ 220 226 ASTM D92 Pour Point, ℃ -18 - 12 ASTM D97 Releasing Air Number (50℃), min 3.0 3.5 ASTM 3427 Seal Compatibility Index 6 4 IP 278Anti-emulsifying Degree (40-37-3) min 54℃ 16 15ASTM 1401HM/C Cleaning Hydraulic Oil【Performance Features】¾Transcendent extreme pressure anti wear property, it slows down the worn-rate of equipments, and effectively extends the operating life of pumps and systems.¾Outstanding thermal & oxidation stabilities, slow down the rate of decay, extend oil-draining intervals.¾Good anti-foam properties and air-release characters, to ensure the static pressure energy can be transmitted through systems sensitively, accurately and smoothly.¾Favorable applicability to all sorts of general sealing material.¾Special cleaning property, prohibit containing over-limitation solids and other resolvable junks, ensure the smooth running of hydraulic devices.¾Meet the specification requirements of PetroChina Q/SY RH2086-2003, USA VickersⅠ-286-S, Cincinnati Milacron P68/P70/P69, German DIN 51524 (Ⅱ), French AFNOR NF E48-603 (HM)【Product Series】HM/C32, 46, 68, 100 (cleaning hydraulic oil, meet the requirement of NAS 7)HM/C32H, 46H, 68H, 100H (super-clean hydraulic oil, meet the requirement of NAS 5)【Typical Data】Typical Data Sheet of HM/C Cleaning Hydraulic OilItem 32 32H 46 46H Test MethodKinematic Viscosity mm2/s 40℃ 31.45 31.25 45．1245．08ASTM D445Viscosity Index102 101 100 100 ASTM D2270 Flash Point(open cup),℃ 221 220 229 230 ASTM D92 Pour Point, ℃ -19 - 19 -12 -12 ASTM D97 Releasing Air Number (50℃),min3.0 3.0 5 5 ASTM 3427 Seal Compatibility Index 4 4 3 3 IP 278Anti-emulsifying Degree (40-37-3, 54℃), min 8 8 10 10ASTM 1401Cleanness Degree , level 7 4 7 4 NAS 1638。
hydraulic oil的短写
Hydraulic Oil 简写1. 概述Hydraulic oil 是一种用于液压传动系统的润滑油，能够在高压下传递能量并驱动机械。
因其在液压系统中的重要作用，它在工程和车辆领域广泛使用。
2. 液压系统的作用液压系统通过利用液体在密封容器中传递力和能量来执行各种任务。
液压油是这一过程中不可或缺的组成部分，它以其独特的性能特点确保系统运行平稳。
3. Hydraulic oil 的特性液压油需具备以下性能特点：- 高粘度指数：即在不同温度下其粘稠度变化小，以确保在各种工况下都能发挥正常作用。
- 良好的抗氧化性能：可有效延长液压油的使用寿命，减少系统的维护成本。
- 优良的防腐蚀性：避免金属表面受腐蚀，延长设备的使用寿命。
- 优异的抗乳化性：防止液压系统中出现油水乳化，提高系统的工作效率。
4. Hydraulic oil 的应用Hydraulic oil 广泛应用于各类液压传动设备，包括：- 工业机械：如挖掘机、装载机、起重机等；- 车辆：例如拖拉机、挖掘机、卡车等；- 航空航天：民用飞机、军用飞机等。
5. Hydraulic oil 的简写为了方便书写和阅读，人们通常将 Hydraulic oil 缩写为“HO”。
这一缩写广泛应用于各种相关领域的文献、规范和相关指南中。
结论Hydraulic oil 在液压传动系统中发挥着不可替代的作用，其独特的性能特点确保了系统的正常运行。
对于液压系统的设计和维护来说，选择适合的 Hydraulic oil 至关重要。
希望通过本文的介绍，读者对Hydraulic oil 的简写有了更清晰的了解。
Hydraulic oil是液压系统中不可或缺的一部分，其性能和质量直接影响着整个系统的运行效率和寿命。
在液压系统中，液压油主要用于传递能量、润滑和密封作用。
随着液压技术的不断发展，液压系统被广泛应用于各个领域，包括机械制造、航空航天、汽车工业等。
选用适合的液压油对于保证系统的正常运行至关重要。
液压英语词汇
Hydraulic Wordshydrotrencher 液压挖沟机hydrostatic bearing 流体静压轴承hydrostatic dual packer 水力式双管封隔器hydrostatic extrusion machine 静液力挤压机hydrostatic extrusion press 液体静压挤压机hydrostatic gasoline gauge 静液压式汽油量表hydrostatic gauge 静液压压力计hydrostatic level gauge 流体静压水准仪hydrostatic machine 水压机hydrostatic oiler 静压加油器hydrostatic press 水压机hydrostatic pressure gauge 静液压力计hydrostatic release unit 静水压力释放器hydrostatic test press 水压试验机hydrostatic testing machine 水压试验机hydrostatic transmitter 静压变送器hydrostone-flat grinder 水磨机hydrosuction wringing machine 吸水榨干机hydroplane 水上飞机hydropneumatic accumulator 气水蓄力器hydropneumatic punch 液压气动打孔机hydropneumatic punching machine 液压气动打孔机hydroprednisone 氢化泼尼松hydropress cold-chamber diecasting machine 水压冷室压铸机hydropress 水压机hydropueumatic broaching machine 液压气动式拉床hydropulper 水力碎纸机hydropyrometer 水测高温计hydromation filter 液压过滤器hydrometer 液体比重计hydrocone gyratory crusher 液压锥罩式环动破碎机hydro former 水压式成形器hydro governor 液压调节器hydro manometer 流体压力计hydro reciprocator 液压式往复运动机hydro turbine 水力涡轮机hydro-amplifier 液压放大器hydro-barker 水力剥皮机hydro-boom jumbo 带液压钻架的钻车hydro-cone crusher 液压圆锥破碎机hydro-cylinder 液压缸hydro-disperser 水力分散器hydro-drill jumbo 液压钻车hydro-dynamic gauge 动水压力计hydro-dynamic molding press 液压模压机hydro-dynamic press 液压机hydro-exhauster 抽水机hydro-extract dryer 脱水烘燥机hydro-monitor 水力测功器hydro-monoplane 单翼水上飞机hydro-motor 喷水发动机hydro-power pump 液压动力泵hydro-screw chuck 液压丝扣卡盘hydraulic bucket 液压抓斗hydraulic drill 水力凿岩机hydraulic 3-deck cycle tyre vulcanizing press 液压三层自行车胎硫化机hydraulic accumulator 蓄液器hydraulic actuated excavator 液压挖土机hydraulic actuated governor 液压调速器hydraulic actuator 液压致动器hydraulic agitator 液力搅拌器hydraulic amplifier 液压放大器hydraulic and electronic swing arm cutting machine 液压电子摇臂式裁切机hydraulic arc sawing machine 液压弓锯床hydraulic arm 液压臂hydraulic auto jack 汽车用液压千斤顶hydraulic auto-balanced sole attaching machine 液压式自动平衡上底机hydraulic automatic control machine 水压自控机hydraulic automatic mortising machine 液压自动榫槽机hydraulic back-pressure valve 液压止回阀hydraulic bale loader 液压包捆装载机hydraulic baling press 液压打包机hydraulic ballast tamper 液压捣固机hydraulic barker 水力剥皮机hydraulic bell hoist 液压料钟卷扬机hydraulic bench drill 液压台钻hydraulic bench vice 液压台虎钳hydraulic bender 水力弯折机hydraulic bending machine 液压式折弯机hydraulic bending press 液压折弯机hydraulic boom machine 液压支臂切削掘进机hydraulic booster 液压升压器hydraulic boring lathe 液压镗车床hydraulic boring unit 液压镗床hydraulic bottle jack 立式液压千斤顶hydraulic brake fluid 液压制动液hydraulic brake operating valve 液力制动操纵阀hydraulic brake shaft 液压制动轴hydraulic brake 液压制动器hydraulic broaching machine 液压拉床hydraulic bronze 耐水浸蚀铅青铜hydraulic buffer 液压缓冲器hydraulic bulldozer with rippers 液压推松土机hydraulic bulldozer 液压推土机hydraulic bumper 液压减震器hydraulic bundling press 液压压包机hydraulic cable jointing machine 油压接线机hydraulic calibrating press 水力定型机hydraulic capstan 水力绞盘hydraulic car jack 小车用液压千斤顶hydraulic cargo winch 液压起货机hydraulic cell 液力测压计hydraulic cement 水凝水泥hydraulic cementing material 水凝性胶结材料hydraulic chock-shield support 支承掩护式液压支架hydraulic chuck 液压卡盘hydraulic circular sawing machine 液动圆锯床hydraulic clamp cutter 液压切纸机hydraulic clamp 液动压板hydraulic clamping multiple cutter semi-automatic contour lathe 液压卡盘多刀半自动仿形车床hydraulic clamping multiple cutter semi-automatic lathe 液压卡盘多刀半自动车床hydraulic classifier 水力分级机hydraulic claw type last releasing machine 液压爪式拔揎机hydraulic cloth baling press 布锭打包液压机hydraulic clutch 液压离合器hydraulic combined punching & shearing machine 液压联合冲剪机hydraulic compacting press for magnetic material 磁性材料制品液压机hydraulic compressor 液力压缩机hydraulic computer 液压计算机hydraulic cone crusher 液压锥形破碎机hydraulic contour shaping machine 液压仿形牛头刨床hydraulic control box 液力控制箱hydraulic control one-way valve 液控单向阀hydraulic conveyor 液压输送机hydraulic copper pipe bending press 水力弯铜管机hydraulic counter moulding machine 液压式鞋后帮成型机hydraulic coupling 液压联轴节hydraulic crane 液压吊车hydraulic crawler excavator 履带式液压挖掘机hydraulic crawler loader 液压履带装载机hydraulic crawler scraper 液压履带铲运机hydraulic cupola hoist 化铁炉用液压起重机hydraulic curb jack 液压抑制千斤顶hydraulic cutter 液压切割机hydraulic cutter-suction dredger 液压绞吸式挖泥船hydraulic cyclone elutriator 液压旋流淘析器hydraulic cyclone 液压旋流器hydraulic cylinder 液压缸hydraulic damper 液压阻尼器hydraulic deep-drawing press 液压深抽压床hydraulic die press 模锻水压机hydraulic die cutting machine 液压冲切机hydraulic digger 液压式挖掘机hydraulic double-action jack 液压双动千斤顶hydraulic double-cage press 液力双笼式榨汁机hydraulic double-chuck spindle veneer lathe 液压双卡轴木旋切机hydraulic down-stroke press 下压式水压机hydraulic doze-scarifier 液压推松土机hydraulic drawbench 液压拉拔机hydraulic drawing press 拉伸液压机hydraulic dredge 疏浚机hydraulic drill rig 液压钻机hydraulic drive motor 液压驱动马达hydraulic driven spread hopper 液压传动散布漏斗hydraulic duplex pumping engine 水力双泵发动机hydraulic dynamometer 水力测功计hydraulic elevator platform 液压升降台hydraulic elevator 液压升降机hydraulic elongator car 液压拉伸器小车hydraulic elongator 液压拉伸器hydraulic engine 水力发电机hydraulic excavator 水力挖土机hydraulic external cylindrical grinder 液压外圆磨床hydraulic extrusion press 液压挤压机hydraulic fatigue machine 液压疲劳试验机hydraulic feeder 液压给料机hydraulic feeding machine 液压式下料机hydraulic filter press 油压压滤机hydraulic filter 液压过滤器hydraulic fine blanking press 精密冲裁液压机hydraulic fixed rivetter 固定式水力铆机hydraulic fixture pump station 液压夹具泵站hydraulic fleshing machine 液压去肉机hydraulic floor jack 液压落地千斤顶hydraulic flour mill 液压磨粉机hydraulic fluid filter 液压流体过滤器hydraulic follow-up steering apparatus 液压式随动操舵仪hydraulic forepart lasting machine 液压上鞋尖机hydraulic gait-model all-auger drilling machine 液压步履式螺旋钻孔机hydraulic gauge 水压计hydraulic gear pump 液压齿轮泵hydraulic generator 水轮发电机hydraulic giant 水力冲矿机hydraulic governor 液压调节器hydraulic grab 液压抓岩机hydraulic grease gun 黄油枪hydraulic guillotine shears 液压剪板机hydraulic gun shifter 液压传动移炮机hydraulic head 液压头hydraulic high-pressure insole forming machine 液压式高压内底定型机hydraulic hole caliper 水力井径仪hydraulic hose 液压软管hydraulic indicator 水压指示器hydraulic insole shaping machine 液压式内底成形机hydraulic intensifier 液力增压器hydraulic jack set 液压起重器组hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶hydraulic jar 水力震击器hydraulic jet barker 水力冲击剥皮机hydraulic jet mixer 水力喷射搅拌器hydraulic jet pump 水力喷射泵hydraulic lift 液压起重机hydraulic lift piler 液压提升堆垛机hydraulic lifter 液力挺杆hydraulic loader 液压装载机hydraulic locomotive 液压机车hydraulic loom 喷水织机hydraulic machine 水压机hydraulic machinery 液压机械hydraulic matrix moulding press 压纸型机hydraulic meat cutter 液压切肉机hydraulic metal extrusion press 液压金属挤压机hydraulic mining machinery 水力采矿机械hydraulic molding press 液压压型机hydraulic motor 液压电动机hydraulic moulding machine 液压造型机hydraulic mucker 液压装岩机hydraulic multi-tool semi automatic lathe 液压多刀半自动车床hydraulic nozzle 水压喷嘴hydraulic oil jar 油压震击器hydraulic oil mill 液压榨油机hydraulic oil press 液压榨油机hydraulic oil pump flexible tube 液压油泵软管hydraulic oil 液压油hydraulic open-die forging press 开口模锻水压机hydraulic packer 水力式封隔器hydraulic panel 液压操纵板hydraulic paper cutter 液压切纸机hydraulic part 液压件hydraulic pendulum plate shears 液压摆式剪板机hydraulic perforating gun 液压穿孔器hydraulic piercing press 液压冲孔机hydraulic pipe bender 液压弯管机hydraulic pipe cutter 液压切管机hydraulic pipe line dredge 吸泥式挖掘船hydraulic pipe testing machine 管材水压试验机hydraulic pipe 液压管hydraulic piston pump 水力活塞泵hydraulic plane cutting machine 平台式液压裁切机hydraulic planer for wood-work 木工液压刨床hydraulic planer 液压刨床hydraulic plate bender 液压弯板机hydraulic plate bending press 液压弯板机hydraulic plate cutting machine 液压切板机hydraulic plate shears 液压剪板机hydraulic plate-bending tube press 液压板料弯管机hydraulic plunger elevator 液压柱塞升降机hydraulic plywood press 胶合板液压机hydraulic portable rivetter 移动式水力铆机hydraulic power meter 水力测功器hydraulic power tongs 液压动力大钳hydraulic press brake 液压折弯机hydraulic press for powder products 粉末制品液压机hydraulic press with manometer 带压力计的水压机hydraulic press 液压机hydraulic pressure equalizer 水压均衡器hydraulic pressure gauge 水压表hydraulic pressure moving platform 液压滑台hydraulic pressure pumping tester 水压泵试验机hydraulic pressure stand tube 液压支架管hydraulic pressure stand 液压支架hydraulic pulling-over and forepart lasting machine 液压套帮和鞋尖粘固机hydraulic pump 液压泵hydraulic pumping engine 水力泵发动机hydraulic punching and shearing machine 水力冲剪机hydraulic punching machine 水力冲压机hydraulic push-rod brake 液压推杆制动器hydraulic radial drilling machine 液压摇臂钻床hydraulic rail pulling device 液压拉轨器hydraulic ram 水力夯锤hydraulic rear end loader 后置式液力装载机hydraulic reel winch 液压鼓轮绞车hydraulic regulator 水力调节器hydraulic retarder 液力阻尼器hydraulic right angle injection moulder 液压直角注模机hydraulic riveter 液压铆钉机hydraulic riveting machine 水力钉铆机hydraulic rod-type pusher 油压推杆机hydraulic roller 液压压路机hydraulic rope excavator 液压绳索挖掘机hydraulic rotary drill 液压旋转钻机hydraulic rubber cutter 液压切胶机hydraulic rudder 液压舵机hydraulic samming machine 液压式均湿机hydraulic saw 液压锯hydraulic scale 液压秤hydraulic scrap baling press 金属碎屑打包液压机hydraulic scraper 液压铲运机hydraulic semi-auto heel nailing machine 液压式半自动钉跟机hydraulic semi-automatic special lathe for gas valve of automobile 液压半自动汽车气门专用车床hydraulic semicontinuous casting machine 液压半连续铸造机hydraulic sensor 液压传感器hydraulic separator 水力分离器hydraulic sequence valve 液压顺序阀hydraulic servo-motor 液压伺服电动机hydraulic shaper 液压牛头刨床hydraulic shaving machine 液压式剃齿机hydraulic shearer 液压剪床hydraulic shearing machine 液压剪切机hydraulic sheet metal drawing press 薄板拉伸液压机hydraulic sheet metal forming press 板材成型液压机hydraulic sheet-metal bending press 液压金属板料折弯机hydraulic shield support 掩护式液压支架hydraulic shock-absorber 液压减震器hydraulic shovel 液压挖掘机hydraulic side-wall coring tool 水力井壁取芯器hydraulic single column bench press 单柱台式液压机hydraulic single column press 单柱液压机hydraulic single column straightening and assembling press 单柱拉直组装液压机hydraulic single-bucket loader 液压单斗装载机hydraulic slab debarker 水力剥皮机hydraulic slewing crane 水力旋臂起重机hydraulic slipping machine 液压拔楦机hydraulic snubber 油压式防振器hydraulic sole pressing machine 液压压底机hydraulic speed governor 液压调速器hydraulic stacker 液压堆垛机hydraulic steering booster 液压转向助力器hydraulic steering gear 液压舵机hydraulic steering pump 液压转向泵hydraulic straight-sided press 液压直边压力机hydraulic straightening and bending press 水力拉直折弯机hydraulic surface grinding machine 液压平面磨床hydraulic suspension system oil cylinder 液压悬挂系统油缸hydraulic swing arm cutting machine 液压摇臂式裁切机hydraulic swing beam guillotine shears 液压摆式剪板机hydraulic swing beam shears 液压摆式剪板机hydraulic swivel head 液压旋转水龙头hydraulic system assembly 液压系统总成hydraulic system oil pump 液压系统油泵hydraulic tamping machine 液压捣固机hydraulic tappet 液力挺杆hydraulic telemeter 液压遥测计hydraulic telescopic excavator 伸缩式液压挖土机hydraulic tension regulator 液力张紧调整器hydraulic test pump 试压泵hydraulic three-dimensional tube bending machine 液压立体弯管机hydraulic three-roll ink mill 液压三滚筒轧墨机hydraulic through feed embossing and ironing machine 液压通过式压花熨平机hydraulic through feed vibration staking machine 液压通过式振动刮软机hydraulic thrust boring machine 水压钻探机hydraulic tilt-up table 液压倾斜台hydraulic tire chiselling machine 油压磨胎机hydraulic toggle press 液压肘杆式冲床hydraulic tong positioner 液压大钳定位器hydraulic tongs 液压钳hydraulic tool rest 液压刀架hydraulic top-type pump 液压顶泵hydraulic torque converter 液压变矩器hydraulic torque meter 液压扭矩计hydraulic tower crane 液压塔式吊hydraulic track jack 液压起道机hydraulic transmission device 液力传动器hydraulic transmission oil heat exchanger 液压传动油热交换器hydraulic transmisson box 液力变速箱hydraulic travelling head cutting machine 液压移动头式裁切机hydraulic trawl winch 液压拖网绞车hydraulic trencher 液压挖沟机hydraulic trolley jack 手推车式液压千斤顶hydraulic truck crane 液压汽车起重机hydraulic tube bending machine 液压弯管机hydraulic turbine generator 水力涡轮发电机hydraulic turbine 水轮机hydraulic type pulling medical treatment apparatus 液压式牵引医疗装置hydraulic universal grinding machine 液动万能磨床hydraulic universal material testing machine 液压式万能材料试验机hydraulic universal testing machine 液压万能试验机hydraulic univesal grinder 液压通用磨床hydraulic up-stroke press 上压水压机hydraulic valve 液压阀hydraulic vamp-crimping machine 液压鞋面卷边机hydraulic vane pump 水轮泵hydraulic variable speed motor 液压变速马达hydraulic vertical borer 立式液压镗床hydraulic wall scraper 液压井壁刮削器hydraulic watchcase threading lathe 液压表壳螺纹车床hydraulic wheel excavator 轮胎式液压挖掘机hydraulic wheel scraper 液压轮式铲运机hydraulic wheeled loader 液压轮胎式装载机hydraulic winch 液力绞车hydraulic windlass 液压绞盘hydraulic wireline winch 液压绞车hydraulic wirerope inserting and looping machine 液压钢丝绳插套联合机hydraulic-lift scraper 液压提升式铲运机hydraulic-set dual hanger 水力坐封双管悬挂器hydraulical testing machine 液压式试验机hydraulically operated clutch 液动离合器hydraulically operated friction clutch 液压摩擦式离合器hydraulically operated small dumper 液压式小翻斗车hydraulically operated valve 液压操纵阀hydraulically-loaded pre-stressed rolling mill 液压加载预应力轧机hydro former 水压式成形器hydro governor 液压调节器hydro jet cleaner 喷水除锈器hydro jet dredger 喷射式挖泥船hydro manometer 流体压力计hydro reciprocator 液压式往复运动机hydro turbine 水力涡轮机hydro-amplifier 液压放大器hydro-barker 水力剥皮机hydro-boom jumbo 带液压钻架的钻车hydro-cone crusher 液压圆锥破碎机hydro-cylinder 液压缸hydro-disperser 水力分散器hydro-drill jumbo 液压钻车hydro-dynamic gauge 动水压力计hydro-dynamic molding press 液压模压机hydro-dynamic press 液压机hydro-exhauster 抽水机hydro-extract dryer 脱水烘燥机hydro-monitor 水力测功器hydro-monoplane 单翼水上飞机hydro-motor 喷水发动机hydro-power pump 液压动力泵hydro-screw chuck 液压丝扣卡盘。
挖掘机英语、工程机械英语(常用中英文对照)(挖掘机资料)
2. 行走（Travel）：控制行走装置，使挖掘机在地面移动。
3. 回转（Swing）：控制回转机构，使挖掘机旋转。
4. 工作装置操作（Working Device Operation）：控制工作装置，进行挖掘、装载、卸载等作业。
5. 停机（Stop）：关闭发动机，使挖掘机停止工作。
2. 租赁费用：根据挖掘机型号、租赁期限、作业量等因素确定。
3. 维护服务：提供定期检查、保养、维修等服务。
4. 故障处理：快速响应故障报告，及时排除故障。
5. 零部件供应：提供原厂零部件供应，确保维修质量。
6. 技术支持：提供技术咨询服务，解决操作难题。
十一、挖掘机市场分析与竞争策略
1. 市场需求：分析挖掘机在不同领域的需求量，预测市场趋势。
4. 公路养护（Road Maintenance）：如道路修补、清理等。
5. 城市建设（Urban Construction）：如市政工程、园林绿化等。
6. 灾后救援（Disaster Relief）：如地震、洪水、泥石流等灾害后的救援工作。
挖掘机英语、工程机械英语(常用中英文对照)(挖掘机资料)
五、挖掘机的技术参数
挖掘机英语、工程机械英语(常用中英文对照)(挖掘机资料)
1. 挖掘机：Excavatorom
4. 斗杆：Stick
5. 驾驶室：Cabin
6. 发动机：Engine
7. 液压系统：Hydraulic system
8. 轮胎：Tire
9. 液压油：Hydraulic oil
5. 最大挖掘半径（Maximum Digging Radius）：挖掘机在标准工况下能够达到的最大挖掘半径。
石油钻井工程英语词汇
石油钻井工程英语词汇第一章：石油钻井工程英语基础词汇第1 节石油钻井工程基础词汇钻井：drill定向斜井：directional drilling欠平衡钻井：under-balance drilling海上钻井：off-shore drilling陆地钻井：on-shore drilling钻头：drill bit刮刀钻头：drag bit牙轮钻头：rock bit (镶齿钻头insert bit, 钢齿钻头steel toothed bit) 金刚石钻头：diamond bit取心钻头：coring bit钻头浮阀：float valve钻头水眼：bit nozzle(or jet)钻头水眼刺:bit nozzle washed out钻头规：bit caliper(bit gauge)钻头泥包：bit is balling钻头钝了，我建议现在起钻：bit is dull. I suggest to POOH now钻铤：DC(drill collar )光钻铤slick drill collar，螺旋钻铤spiral drill collar钻杆：DP(drill pipe )方钻杆：kelly公扣：pin end母扣：box end内平式连接：IF(internal flash)正规式连接：REG(regular)贯眼式连接：FH(full hole)加重钻杆heavy weight drill pipe短钻杆pop joint井下马达：down hole motor涡轮钻具：turbine震击器：drilling jar减震器：absorber下部钻具组合：BHA（bottom hole assembly）钻具扶正器：stabilizer（string stabilizer, near-bit stabilizer）钻机：drill rig钻井泥浆：drilling mud钻井液：drilling fluid钻井设备：drilling equipment油：oil原油：crude oil天然气：nature gas煤层气：coal-bed gas石油：petroleum中国石油（简称）：CNPC（China National Petroleum Corporation ）长城钻井（简称）：GWDC(Great Wall Drilling Company)采油：oil production产油层(目的层)：reservoir( or pay zone)钻进：drilling调整钻井参数以得到理想的机械钻速：play the drilling parameters to get fast ROP起钻：POOH(pull out of hole)下钻：RIH(run in hole)下套管：run casing(or RIH with casing)短起下钻：wiper trip循环泥浆：circulate泥浆：reverse circulate中途循环泥浆：break circulation分段下钻：RIH in stages通井：control trip划眼：reaming倒划眼：back reaming接单根：make connection滑、割大绳：slip and cut drilling line by ton-mile保养设备：maintain the equipment修理设备: repair (or fix) the equipment保养顶驱：service TDS保养冲管：lubricate wash pipe待工日费：standby rate今天零日费：there is no day rate today(zero day rate today)我可以为您做，但必须收费，请理解I can do for you and I have to charge(back charge) you. Please give me full understanding.不在我的职责范围之内，我要汇报领导，一有消息会马上告诉你It is out of my power and I have to report to my boss. I will let you know as soon as I get news.大鼠洞：rat hole小鼠洞：mouse hole钻具错扣：the connections are crossed钻具粘扣：thread is galled丝扣坏了：the thread is damaged起钻错扣：alternate the connections新钻具或接头磨扣：break in the new tool joint新钻头磨合：break in the new bitPDC 钻头井底造型：shape the PDC bit跳钻：rough drilling( vibrated drilling, bit is bouncing)蹩钻：rough drilling（drilling torque is abnormally high）缩径：tight hole起钻遇卡：get overpull下钻遇阻：set weight部分漏失：partially lost circulation全部漏失：totally lost circulation盲钻：blind drilling堵水眼：bit jets are blocked掉水眼：bit jets are lost憋压：the pressure is built up卸压：release pressure试压：pressure test功能测试：function test双方独自检查：double check地质：geology地质专业人员：geologist物理：physics地球物理勘探：geo-physical exploration.测井：logging电测井作业：wireline logging operation泥浆测井：mud logging井（副词“好”含意）：well拓展记忆：井眼：bore hole油气井：oil&gas well试井：well test井下：down-hole井下作业：down-hole operation第2 节石油钻井方法基础词汇钻井原理：the principles of drilling顿钻钻井：percussion drilling，cable-tool drilling旋转钻井：rotary drilling大位移井：big distance( or extended ) well侧钻井：sidetracking drilling水平井：horizontal well探井：wildcat，wildcat drilling深井：deep well浅井：shallow well老井：maturing well丛式钻井：cluster well drilling煤层气井：coal-bed gas well生产井：production well报废井：abandoned well停产井：none-production well井下情况：downhole condition第3 节石油钻井技术基础词汇技术规范，技术指标，技术性能：specification 拉伸：tension拉伸强度：tensile strength弯曲强度：bending srength最小屈服强度：minimum torsional strength 应力：stress压力：pressure应力点：stress point压力降：pressure drop压力梯度：pressure gradient回压：back pressure大气压：atmosphere压差：pressure difference静液柱压力：static fluid cloumn pressure地层压力：formation pressure坍塌压力：collapse pressure破裂压力：fractured pressure液体：liquid固体：solid气体：gas，air正的：positive负的：negative水平的：horizontal垂直的：vertical第4 节石油钻井参数基础词汇钻压：WOB（weight on bit）转盘转速：RPM（rotation per minute）泵压：SPP(slurry pump pressure)泵冲：SPM（stroke per minute）排量：FR(flow rate)大钩负荷：hook load扭矩：torque反扭矩：reactive torque钻速：ROP(rate of penetration)顶驱：TDS(top drive system)钻井周期：drilling period钻井成本：drilling costs井眼尺寸：hole size垂深：TVD(total vertical depth)井深：MD(measured depth)水平位移：horizontal displacement井斜角：angle( or hole inclination)方位角：azimuth井眼环空：annulus第5 节石油钻井作业现场工作人员名称甲方：oil company(operator)钻井承包商：drilling contractor第三方（分包商）the third party(sub-contractor)钻井经理：drilling manager监督：supervisor钻井监督：DSV(drilling supervisor) or Companyman 地质监督：geologist泥浆工程师：mud engineer固井工程师：cementing engineer泥浆录井工：mud logger钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team钻井1 班：drilling shift one总经理：general manager总工程师：chief engineer项目经理：project manager(country manager)作业经理：operation manager财务经理：financial manger会计：accountant平台经理：rig manager带班队长：tool pusherHSE 监督：HSE officer司钻：driller副司钻：assistant driller井架工：derrick man钻工：roughneck（or floorman）场地工：roustabout泥浆工：mudman发动机工：motorman机械师：mechanic电工：electrician电焊工：welder司机：driver吊车司机：crane operator铲车司机：forklift operator营房经理：camp boss医生：doctor材料员：material man(storekeeper)炊事员：cook翻译：interpreter洗衣工：laundry man厨房服务生：waiter保安：watchman(or security)机械工程师：mechanic engineer第6 节石油作业现场常用工具扳手：wrench螺丝起子：screwdriver多角螺丝起子：Phlilips screwdriver （cross-headed screwdriver）撬杠：bar加长撬杠：cheater bar活动板手：monkey wrench，adjustable wrench钳子：pliers钩子：hook台钳：bench vice钢挫：file榔头：hammer锤击扳手：hammer wrench搬手：spanner内六角扳手：Allen key钢锯：hacksaw砂纸：sandpaper管钳：pipe tongs(pipe wrench)链钳：chain tong千斤顶：jack黄油枪：grease gun吊车：crane牵引绳：tag line电焊条：welding rod拖拉机：tractor推土机：bulldozer硬尺：ruler游标卡尺：Vernier slide油漆：paint铅油：dope油漆刷：paint brush铅油刷：dope brush绝缘胶布：electrical tape电线：wire插头：plug电插座：outlet(receptacle or switchboard)开关：switch螺栓：bolt螺帽：nut垫片：washer钉子：nail手电钻：hand drill钻头：bit工作台：workbench工具箱：toolbox胶水：glue胶棒：glue bar护丝：thread protector手轮：hand wheel脚轰油门：throttle联接法兰：coupling flange(or adaptor flange) 安全带：safety belt安全帽：helmet工作靴：safety boot工衣：coverall棉袄：coat防护眼镜：safety goggle手套：gloves口罩：mouth mask围裙：apron洗眼台：eye washing station灭火机：fire extinguisher消防栓：fire -hydrant水龙头：water tap消防斧：fire fighting axe铲子：shovel手砂轮：emery wheel左转：turn left右转：turn right手势：gesture信号：signal垃圾：waste garbage拖把：mop接头：sub配合接头：X-over ，cross-over提升短节：lifting sub卡瓦：slips放卡瓦：set slips母锥：box tap公锥：taper tap打捞矛：fishing spear安全接头：safety sub柔性短节：flexible joint井口盖子：wellhead cover防喷盒：mud boxBOP 吊装：BOP trolley( BOP hoist)吊卡：elevator吊环：elevator links安全卡瓦：safety clamp(dog collar)钻杆架：pipe rack水龙头提环：swivel bail材料房：warehouse绳卡：bullnose clamp(guy anchor)绳套：sling吊带：soft sling(belt)卸扣：shackle吊装工具：lifting gear维护保养：maintenance内钳：make-up tong外钳：break-out tong液压大钳：power tong液压猫头：E-zy tong兜绳：mule line四通阀：four-way valve三通：Tee软管：hose球阀：ball valve闸板阀：gate valve单流阀：back valve灌注泵：supercharge pump第二章：石油工程常用设备及专业术语第1 节钻井设备部分井架：Derrick(or mast)起（放）井架：erect(lay down) Derrick 底座大梁：sill钢木基础：mat铅锤：plumb水平仪：level架，台：rack立根盒：setback area坡道：V door(or ramp)猫道：catwalk二层台：monkey-board圆井盖：cellar cover天车：crown block防碰天车：crown-o-matic天车梁：crown block beam天车台：water table游动滑车：traveling block钻井大绳：drilling line引绳：guide line穿大绳：string-in drilling line金属线，电线：wire，cable钢丝绳股：strand截断：cutoff滑车，滑轮，皮带轮：pulley(hoist)手拉葫芦：hand pulley吊耳：lifting eye顶驱：top drive大钩：hook大钩弹簧：hook spring大钩销子：hook pin大钩锁紧装置：hook locking device大钩悬挂高度：hook height水龙头：swivel鹅颈管：gooseneck冲管：wash pipe水龙头盘根：swivel packing钻井水龙带: rotary hose( kelly hose)立管：stand pipe立管管汇：stand pipe manifold高压管线：high pressure line由壬：union低压管线：low pressure line传感器：sensor放压管线：relief line转盘：Rotary Table转盘方瓦：master bushing方补心取出装置：bushing handling tool 方补心：kelly drive bushing方孔：square opening小鼠洞：mouse hole大鼠洞：rat hole绞车：Drawworks挂合（摘开）绞车：engage(disengage) drawworks液压绞车：hydraulic winch气动绞车：air tugger(air hoist)滚筒：drum( reel)滚筒高速气离合器：high speed clutch滚筒低速气离合器：low speed clutch锚头：cathead液压猫头：E-zy tong上扣猫头：make up cathead卸扣猫头：make out cathead牙嵌离合器：jaw clutch涡磁刹车：eddy current brake(electromagnetic brake) 猫头轴：cathead shaft猫头绳：cathead line死绳：dead line死绳固定器：dead line anchor间隙：gap死绳固定器膜片：dead line diaphragm上扣：make up上扭矩：torque sth卸扣，卸开：break out上紧，固定：tighten（fasten）松开，松扣：loosen加载：load卸载：unload盘式刹车：disc brake刹车总成：brake assembly刹车轴：brake shaft刹车带：brake band刹车片：brake block液压油箱：hydraulic power unit液动试压泵：hydraulic test pump液压大钳：hydraulic （power）tong倒档齿轮：reverse gear动力扳手：power wrench吊钳钳头：hinged jaw钳牙：die大钳锁销：latch大钳悬臂：suspension bar平衡重：counterbalance weight吊钳钳臂：tong arm第2 节钻井泵类及相关设备泥浆泵：mud pump活塞：piston活塞杆：piston rod活塞皮碗：piston cup缸套：liner凡尔体：valve body凡尔座：valve seat凡尔箱：pump module阀弹簧：valve spring阀杆：valve lever阀面：valve face阀帽：valve bonnet空气包：pulsation damper充氮气：refill with nitrogen泥浆泵安全阀：pop-off valve卸压管线：release line排出阀：discharge valve吸入阀：suction valve上水滤子：screen油尺：oil-level dipstick灌注泵：supercharge pump冷却水泵：cooling pump潜水泵：submersible pump盘根盒：stuffing box叶轮：impeller单向阀：check valve（single-pass valve）安全阀：safety valve手动阀：manual valve液动阀：hydraulic valve拉杆：tie rod，tension bar压力表：pressure gauge冲数：strokes排量：flow rate80 冲(次)/分：eighty strokes per minute 泥浆罐：mud tank倒泥浆：transfer mud循环罐：active tank储备罐：reserve tank起下钻罐：trip tank溢流检查：flow check沉砂罐：satteling tank锥形罐：sand trap震动筛：sahle shaker筛布：screen目数：mash除砂器: desander除泥器: desilter离心机：centrifuge泥浆分配槽：spider box缓冲罐buffer tank第3 节与泵操作有关的实用短语没有压力：No pressure压力过高：The pressure is too high返回太少：Mud return is too few水太少：Water is not adequate.抢修：Rush to repair请看记录：Please check the record没作记录：No record available加化学药品：add chemicals测定比重：measure mud weight(specific gravity) 测定失水：measure water loss泥饼：mud cake测定切力：measure gel strength停泵：stop pump请打手势：Please make a gesture转动一周：turn round a circle垫高一些：put something under it to raise抓紧：firmly grasp抬高：lift it up拿稳：hold firm打一下：hit once往外拉：pull outward站稳：stand firm小端：small end大端：large end光滑：smooth粗糙：coarse，rough平面：flat弯曲：bending放松：loosen绷直：stretch tight，draw tight冷却：cooling润滑：lubricate过载：overload功率不足：power is not enough.第4 节钻台与底座钻台：drilling floor钻井班组记录：drilling tour record司钻监视器：driller's monitor司钻控制台：driller's console指重表：weight indicator底座：substructure井队活动房：trailer钻台上值班房：doghouse梯子：ladder第5 节井控操作与防喷器溢流: kick溢流征兆: kick sign气侵：gas cut井喷：blow-out1 次井控the primary well control2 次井控the secondary well control3 次井控the tertiary well control平衡balance超平衡over-balance欠平衡under balance漏失试验leak-off test破裂压力fracture pressure额定压力rated pressure工作压力working pressure防喷器组BOP stack安装（甩下）防喷器组：nipple up(nipple down) BOP stack 分流器diverter万能防喷器：annular preventer，bag preventer单闸板防喷器：single ram preventer双闸板防喷器：double ram preventer（防喷器）闸板：pipe ram变芯闸板防喷器variable bore ram全封式防喷器：blind ram剪切防喷器：shear ram内防喷器Inside BOP投入式单流阀DIBPV（Drop in blowout preventer valve）分流关线diverter line节流管汇choke manifold节流阀choke valve旁通阀standby valve调压阀: Pressure regulator手动节流阀manual choke远程节流阀remote choke井口四通drilling spool变径法兰：adapter flange液压控制阀HCR(hydraulic controller)远程控制系统：koomey unit蓄能器：accmulator压井管线：kill line入口：inlet出口：outlet简易除气器：poor-boy degasser真空除气器：vaccum degasser泥浆池液面纪录仪Pit volume recorder(totallizer) 泥浆流动传感仪mud flow sensor泥浆增量Pit gains硫化氢侵入H2S influx加重材料Weighted material氮气Nitrogen乙炔：acetylene氧气：oxygen预冲氮气压力Pre-charge nitrogen pressure地脚螺栓连接Studded connection法兰连接Flange connection箍盘连接Hub connection演习：drill急救演习：first aid drill消防演习：fire drill防喷演习：kick drill泄压: bleed off pressure带刻度压力表: calibrated pressure gauge带刻度容（体）积表: calibrated volume gauge 套管鞋: casing shoe上部井眼段top hole section快速钻进地层fast drilling formation压实地层：consolidated formation风化地层：weathered formation钻屑携带能力cuttings carrying capacity浅层气藏shallow gas地层破裂formation to break down压力梯度pressure gradient地层压力formation pressure井口压力wellhead pressure漏失压力leak-off pressure破裂压力fractured pressure井底压力BHP( bottom hole pressure)正常压力normal pressure异常压力abnormal pressure静液压力hydrostatic pressure动态压力dynamic pressure环空压力annular pressure关井钻杆压力SIDPP (shut in drill pipe pressure)关井套管压力SICP( shut in casing pressure)最大关井套管压力maximum allowable surface pressure, MAASP 最初循环压力ICP( Initial circulating pressure)循环结束压力FCP(Final circulating pressure)U 形管原理U-tube principle压井操作killing operation补救措施remedial actions关井后循环circulation under well closed in conditioncl 离子含量chloride contentDc 指数Dc exponent软关井soft shut in硬关井hard shut in第1 次循环first circulation第2 次循环second circulation压井泥浆比重kill mud weight抽吸swab激动surge含气地层gas bearing formation含气页岩gas bearing shale安全增量safety margin记录卡片trip sheet低循环泵速SCR(slow circulation rate)当量泥浆密度EQD(equivalent mud density)当量循环密度ECD(equivalent circulating density)司钻压井法driller’s method等待压井法wait & weight method体（容）积法volumetric method下推压井法bull-heading method不压井下钻：snub in第三章：钻井工程作业部分第1 节钻井事故井喷：blow out井涌：kick井漏：lost circulation坍塌，井壁坍塌：cave in(collapse)出砂：sand production砂桥：sand bridge台阶：ledge键槽：keyseat椭圆井眼：oval shaped hole卡钻：sticking填井：pack-hole封井：packed drilling井下落物：fish大幅度活动钻具试图解卡：work the string and try to free it活动钻具以避免卡钻：move(reciprocate ) the string to avoid being stuck. 打捞：fishing鱼头：top of fish打捞工作：fishing job侧钻：side-tracking侧钻井眼：sidetracking hole水泥窜槽：cement channeling固井失败：cement failure防砂：sand control缓慢开泵并仔细观察返浆情况：slowly start pumping and closely watch the return on the shale shaker第2 节钻头牙轮钻头：rock bit刮刀钻头：drag bit金钢石钻头：diamond bit镶齿钻头：insert bit铣齿钻头：milled tooth bit喷射钻头：jet bit牙轮：cone钻头装卸器：bit breaker钻头直径：bit diameter钻头寿命：bit life钻头磨损：bit wear钻头型号：bit type水眼尺寸：nozzle size水眼效率：nozzle efficiency钻头接头：bit sub第3 节钻具方钻杆：kelly方钻杆旋扣器：kelly spinner方钻杆旋塞：kelly cock钻具：drilling string钻杆：drill pipe油管：tube钻具组合：drilling assembly扶正器：stabilizer扩眼器：reamer（hole opener）钻铤：drill collar无磁钻铤：NMDC(non-magnetic drill collar) 加重钻杆：HWDP(heavy weight drill pipe) 近钻头扶正器：near-bit stabilizer震击器：jar减震器：shock absorber螺旋钻铤：spiral drill collar键槽破坏器：key seat reamer安全接头：safety joint钻杆刮泥器：drill pipe wiper泥浆动力钻具：mud motor钻柱：drill string涡轮：turbine涡轮钻具：turbo-drill stem立根：stand加厚：upset内加厚：IU(internal upset)外加厚：EU(external upset)内外加厚：internal-external upset丝扣：thread打捞颈：fishing neck母扣：box公扣：pin左旋螺纹：left-hand thread右旋螺纹：right-hand thread正规接头：regular joint贯眼接头：full hole joint内平接头：internal flush joint护丝：thread protector快速护丝：easy protector打捞工具：fishing tool打捞作业：fishing operation打捞篮：junk basket卡瓦打捞筒：overshot打捞杯：junk sub牙轮打捞器：cone fisher套管打捞矛：casing spear打捞矛：fishing spear打捞公锥：male tap(fishing nipple)打捞母锥：female tap(fishing socket)倒扣工具：reversing tool(backing-up tool) 铣鞋：milling shoe铣具：milling tool平底铣鞋：flat bottom mill磁力打捞工具：magnetic fishing tool打捞钩：fish hook气动工具：pneumatic tool减摩短节：friction reduction sub下套管漂浮接箍：casing floating coupling轴向加压器：hydraulic axial thruster第4 节钻井工程地面作业实用词汇与短语方入：kelly-in方余：kelly-up开钻：spud in作业指令：instruction钻井设计：drilling program井身结构：well schematic岩性：lithology迟到时间：lag time(bottom up)换钻头：change bit甩钻具：laydown drill pipe发生故障：break down安装（拆卸）：rig up(rig down)接头：sub adapter机械手：mechanical arm铁钻工：iron roughneck有故障：It fucked up( something is wrong with it)已修好：it has been fixed马上去：Go there at once请下去：Please go down请上来：Please come up躲开，危险：keep away，danger.请翻译来：Ask interpretor come here，冲洗：wash down井口：well-head一根钻杆（单根）：single三根钻杆组合（立根）：thribble吊蓝：cage(basket)换班：shift change第5 节钻井工程井口作业实用词汇与短语喇叭口：bell nipple出水管：mud return line(flow line)试压杯：cup tester小心滑倒：wet floor, be careful不要往井眼内掉东西：never fall down anything inside hole我来做：Let me do it带把板手来：Bring a spanner，please带点密封剂：Bring a little sealant(Teflon)，please 很快就好了：lt will be finshed right away抬一下：Let's lift it把绳子给我：Give me the rope，please不漏：no leakage电焊：welding气焊：gas welding气割：gas cut栏杆：handrail，gangway rail，railing蒸汽：vapour压缩空气：pressurized (compressed) air注意安全：pay attention to safety别动：Don't move，Don't touch.对准：point out exactly.校正：align裸眼：open hole第四章：钻井液及相关设备第1节钻井液名称泥浆：mud钻井液：drilling fluid完井液：completion fluid修井液：work-over fluid压井液：killing fluid射孔液：perforating fluid隔离液：spacer fluid泥浆处理：mud treatment泥浆处理设备：mud treating equipment饱和盐水泥浆：saturated salt-water mud油基泥浆：oil-base mud高粘度泥浆：heavy viscous mud重泥浆：weighted mud重泥浆压钻杆：slug drill pipe起钻倒返泥浆：we have wet pipeduring POOH重晶石：barite纯碱：soda ash高岭土粉：koaline powder云母片：mica sheet增粘剂：viscosifier稀释剂：diluent (thinner)稳定剂：stabilizer (stabilizing agent)烧碱：caustic soda稀释dilution, thinning水泥凝固cement setting第2 节钻井液设备离心泵：centrifugal pump振动筛跑泥浆：mud overflow shale shaker 筛出：shake out混合泵：mixing pump混合漏斗：mixing hopper搅拌器：mud agitator泥浆抢：mud gun岩屑：cuttings沉淀：settle沉积物：deposit吸入：suction吸入罐：suction pit泥浆天平：mud balance游码：slide weight支点：fulcrum刀口：edge调整，校正：adjust粘度计：viscometer第3 节钻井液处理剂包，袋：sack粘土：clay膨润土，般土：bentonite钠：sodium钙：calcium氯：chloride氯化钙：calcium chloride石棉：asbestos分散：dispersal表面活性剂：surface-active material铁络盐：lignite单宁：tannin羧甲基纤维素：carboxymethyl celluose CMC 木纤维：xylogen石灰：lime二氧化钙：calcium oxide粉末：powder薄片：flake溶解：dissolve延迟，妨碍：retard处理剂，添加剂：additives缓凝剂：retarder支撑剂：proppant乳化剂：emulsifier润湿剂：wetting agent稳定剂：stabilizing agent除钙剂：calcium remover降失水剂：filtration-reducing agentPH 值控制剂：PH control additive润滑剂：lubricant消泡剂：defoamer agent破乳剂：emulsion breaker洗涤剂：detergent防膨胀剂：anti-swelling agent粘土稳定剂：clay stable agent稀释剂：thinner封堵剂：plugging agent抑制剂：inhibition agent暂堵剂：temporary plugging agent解堵剂：plugging removal堵漏剂：LCM (lost circulation material)水敏地层：water-sensitive formation分散：dispersal水泥浆：cement slurry流变性：rheological characteristics稳定性：stability稠化时间：thickening-time低密度水泥浆：low-density slurry油气层保护：reservoir protection高渗透性：high-permeability砾石：gravity悬浮：suspension固化：solidification.防膨胀：anti-swelling高凝高粘度：high condensation and viscosity 无毒的：non-poisonous无荧光：non-fluorescence钻井液性能参数Specificaitons of Drilling Fluid 含水：water content密度：density厚度：thickness粘度：viscosity塑性粘度：plastic viscosity含砂量：sand content屈服：yield屈服点：yield point屈服强度：yield strength剪切速率：shear rate剪切强度：shear strength剪切应力：shear stress稀释：dilute适用温度：safe temperature初始切力：initial gel strength终切力：ten-min gel strength触变性：thixotropy剪切稀释：shear thining液体浓度:concentration泥浆柱：mud column层流：laminar flow涡流：turbulent flow气泡：bubble第五章：钻井相关作业第1节取芯部分岩心：core取心钻头：core bit取心筒：core barrel内岩心筒：inner barrel外岩心筒：outer barrel岩心爪：core catcher取心工具：corehandling tools取心收获率：core recovery rate 取样器：sample blob取样盒：sample box样品筒：sample chamber取样工：sample catcher取样间隔：sample interval井壁取心：side-wall coring井壁取心枪：side-wall coring gun 取芯失败：coring failure第2 节固井部分固井：cementing完井：well completion水泥：cement井口：wellhead井口压力：well head pressure井口回压：back pressure on the well head套压：casing pressure导管：conductor表层套管：surface casing技术套管：protective casing(intermediatecasing) 油层套管：production casing尾管：liner尾管悬挂器：liner hanger通径轨：rabbit封隔器：packer联顶节：landing joint套管柱casing string套管下部结构(含套管鞋、浮箍)：casing track(including casing shoe, float collar) 套管扶正器：centralizer止退环：stop collar口袋：pocket( rat hole)环空注水泥作业：top cement job碰压：bump plug隔离液：spacer分级箍：stage collar水泥粘结强度strength of cement bond套管钳：casing tongs套管接箍：casing coupling套管头：casing head散装水泥：bulk-cement水泥浆：cement slurry插管注水泥：stab in cementing插入密封接头：stab in adapter分级注水泥：stage cementing先行水泥浆：lead cement slurry末端水泥浆：tail cement slurry促凝剂：accelerator替浆：displace with mud水泥面：top of cement固井管线：chicksan line(cementing line)灰罐：silo(bulk tank)候凝：WOC(wait-on-cement)挤水泥：squeeze cement水泥塞：plug第3 节固井水泥浆名称和参数超细水泥浆：ultrafine slurry普通水泥浆：normal slurry纤维水泥浆：fiber-reinforced cement slurry膨胀水泥浆：expanding cement slurry低密度水泥浆：low-density slurry水泥体积收缩：cement volume contraction水泥浆水化期间：cement slurry hydrating period水泥胶结质量：cement sheath bonding quantity失水率：the rate of water loss析水：liberate water稠化时间：thickening time凝固强度：cementation strength渗透性：permeability，膨胀率：expansion rate压缩强度：compression strength流动性：mobility第4 节测井部分电测：wireline logging测井解释：logging interpretation随钻测井：LWD(logging while drilling)测井电缆：logging cable测井工具：logging tool自然电位测井：spontaneous potential log感应电测井：induction electrical survey双感应测井：dual induction-laerolog中感应测井：medium induction log数字记录：digital record照相记录：photographic recording放射性测井：radioactivity log声波技术：acoustic wave technology仪器耐温：the temperature resistance of the instrument 仪器耐压：pressure resistance of instrument油气比：GOR (gas oil ratio)第六章：井下作业常用短语修井：work-over修井工具：work-over tool井下操作：down-hole operations.产层污染：pollution of pay zone增产措施：stimulations压裂和酸化：fracturing or acidizing酸化处理：acid treatment人工压裂：artificial fracturing重复压裂过程：repetition presses for fracturing，压裂车：fracturing truck sets压裂后反映：post-fracture response固体和液体添加泵：solid and liquid additive pump泵交联：pumping cross link交联剂：cross-linking agent排量：discharging三维压裂：three-dimension fracturing对压裂参数的监控、分析和解释：real time monitoring，analyzing and interpreting for fracturing operation parameters压裂操作：fracturing operation压裂规模：fracturing scale化学吞吐：chemical disposal乳化降粘：emulsification declining viscosity增注：augmented injection.注水：water-injection裸眼砾石填充完井：bore hole gravel packer completion.开窗铣锥：open-window mill prick，开窗斜向器：open-window inclined implement碳酸盐岩：carbonate reservoir第七章：海上钻井作业¨海上钻井：offshore drilling陆地钻井：on-land drilling海滩：sea beach浅海：shallow sea海底管线：sea-bottom pipe海底电缆铺设：setting cable under sea-bottom平台安装：platform installation钻井平台：drilling platform顺风：tail wind逆风：against the wind摄氏零下…度：below…degree centigrade启锚：weigh anchor抛锚：drop anchor拖航：drag对讲机：intercom，walkie-talkie上吊茏：Please get on the liftbasket救生衣：life jacket晕船：sea sick控制速度：Control the speed货已送抵：The goods has arrived货物验收：Please check and accept the goods在不远处：Not far from here不方便：lt's not convenient有危险：lt's dangerous防污染：prevent pollution没情况：Nothing happened.第八章：定向井部分定向井：directional well造斜点：ＫＯＰ（kick off point）最大井斜角：maximum hole inclination增斜段：building up section稳斜段：holding section降斜段：drop off section井眼尺寸：hole size长、中、段半径：long，medium and short radius 裸井段：the open hole section水平段：horizontal section固井段：cementing section井斜角测量点：angle point水平位移：horizontal departure(displacement)井眼轨迹：wellbore trajectory优化控制：optimum control筛管：screen pipe长封固段固井：long intervals cementing丛式井：cluster well斜向器：whipstock第九章：石油现场机械传动与机械设备第1 节：动力与传动柴油机：diesel发电机：generator直流（交流）电动机：DC（AC）motor交流电：A.C （alternating current）直流电：D.C （direct current）变压器：transformer传动轴：driving shaft从动轴：driven shaft空调机：air conditioner空气压缩机：air compressor应急发电机组：emergency generator消防水泵：fire pump配电间：distrubution room电动潜水泵：ESP(electrical submersible pump) 锅炉：boiler蒸汽：vapour气压不足：The airpressure is poor操作有问题：Operation is not good电压正常：Voltage is all right绝缘不好：The insulation is bad触电：electric shock温度太高：The tempreture is too high 接地：ground短路：short circuit按红色钮：Please push the red button 打开：open，turn on，switch on关闭：close，turn off，switch off风扇：fan爬上去：climd up跳下来：jump down接住：catch it拿稳：hold tight平方米：square meter立方米：cubic meter加工：process三项交流电：three-phase AC气罐：air tank偶合器，联轴节：coupling链轮：sprocket链条：chain皮带：belt链条驱动：chain drive皮带驱动：belt drive第2 节机械加工与设备对准，使…成一线：align周围的，环境的：ambient模糊，含糊，不明确：ambiguity退火的：annealed淬火：quench回火：temper阳极：anode阴极：cathode含水的，水的：aqueous装配：assembly增大，增加，增益：augment侧向间隙：back-lash电木，（绝缘）胶木：Bakelite批量生产：bulk production轴承：bearing锥齿轮，伞齿轮：bevel gear（刮刀，刃，叶片：blade坯料：blank吹风，爆炸，喷砂机：blast滑轮组：block and tackle浮子，摆锤：bob镗床，镗孔刀具：borer内孔加工，镗孔：boring瓶颈，薄弱环节：bottleneck平衡点，盈亏临界点：breakeven point 型坯：briquette拉床，铰孔机：broacher拉削，扩孔：broaching大齿轮：bull gear碰撞，曲折，拐点：bump缓冲器，减震器：bumper擦亮，光亮：burnish去毛刺：burring凸轮，偏心轮：cam凸轮轴：camshaft铸造：cast触媒，催化剂：catalyst空化作用：cavitation内腔，空穴，（铸造）型腔：cavity陶瓷的，陶器的，陶瓷制品：ceramic铁屑，金属屑：chip凿子，扁铲：chisel钳：clamp障碍（物），阻塞（物）：clog离合器：clutch罗盘，指南针：compass凸型的：convex凹型的：concave外形，轮廓；结构，构造：configuration 锥形的，锥状的，锥体：conical传送装置，运输机，传送带：conveyor 波纹；使成波状：corrugation曲柄，曲拐：crank曲轴：crankshaft蠕动，蠕变：creep圆筒，圆柱体；液缸:cylinder仪表盘，控制板：dashboard静载：dead load碎片：debris模具，钢型，冲模：die模锻：die forge压铸的，模铸的：die-cast不导电的，电解质（的）：dielectric差动齿轮，差速齿轮：differential gear扩散，弥漫：diffusion修饰，打磨，使表面光洁：dress钻床：drill press染色，着色；染料：dye电解质：electrolyte椭圆，椭圆体：ellipse金刚砂：emery侵蚀，冲蚀：erosion蚀刻：etch排出，排气；废气：exhaust消音器：muffler爆炸物，炸药；爆炸（性）的：explosive挤压（成形）；挤出，压出：extrude平面加工：facing测隙规：feeler gauge膜：film精加工：finish柔性的，能变形的，灵活的，适应性强的：flexible软盘：floppy disc硬盘：hard disk车床：lathe流程图：flow chart起伏，波动：fluctuation开槽，切槽：fluting飞轮：flywheel锻造：forge支点，支轴：fulcrum（龙门）起重机：gantry几何学：geometry花岗岩，花岗石：granite石墨：graphite润滑脂：grease磨碎，研磨，磨削加工：grinding槽，沟，企口：groove陀螺仪，回转仪：gyroscope主轴箱：headstock螺旋形的，螺线：helical螺旋齿轮，斜齿轮：helical gear六角形（的）：hex万向接头，万向联轴节：hooke (cardan) joint,flexible joint 削弱，损害：impair冲击，脉冲：impulse。
Castrol碧辟 Hydraulic Oil 46 安全技术说明书
Hydraulic Oil 46安全技术说明书化学品分类和标记全球协调体系(GHS)产品标识Hydraulic Oil 46制造商供应商碧辟 (中国）工业油品有限公司中国上海市浦东新区浦建路76号由由国际广场19~22楼, 电话+86 21 38605888, 邮编: 200127Carechem: +86 10 5100 3039 (24 hours)紧急电话号码液压油如果需要特殊用途建议， 请参考恰当的技术数据表或者咨询我们公司的代表。
物质/制程的使用460934-CN04产品代码460934安全技术说明书号码不受管制。
化学品分类和标记全球协调体系（GHS）的分类危害说明没有明显的已知作用或严重危险。
防范说明预防不适用。
响应不适用。
储存注意事项不适用。
处理不适用。
没有分类的其他危害使皮肤脫脂。
化学品分类和标记全球协调体系(GHS)标签要素侵入途径皮肤接触。
眼睛接触。
吸入。
食入。
没有出现就供应商当前所知可应用的浓度，被分类为对健康或环境有害及因此需要在本节报告的添加剂。
职业暴露限制, 如果有的话, 列在第 8 节中。
高精炼基础油（IP 346 DMSO 提取物 < 3%）。
专利高效能添加剂。
用水冲洗口腔。
将患者移至空气新鲜处。
让患者保持温暖并休息。
如物质已被吞下且患者保持清醒，可饮少量水。
禁止催吐，除非有专业医疗人士指导。
如果出现症状，寻求医疗救护。
立即用大量水冲洗眼睛，并不时提起上下眼睑。
检查和取出任何隐形眼镜。
连续冲洗至少十分钟。
寻求医疗救护。
用肥皂与水彻底清洗皮肤，或使用认可的皮肤清洁剂清洗。
脱去受污染的衣服和鞋子。
如果出现症状，寻求医疗救护。
将患者移至空气新鲜处。
让患者保持温暖并休息。
如沒有呼吸，呼吸不规则或呼吸停止，由受过训练的人员进行人工呼吸或给氧。
如果出现症状，寻求医疗救护。
眼睛接触皮肤接触吸入食入急救人员防护如果有任何人身危险或尚未接受适当培训时，不可采取行动。
数控机床常用英语词汇
数控机床常用英语词汇T WORD ERROR （T 码错误）LOW OIL LEVEL （油位低）SPINPLE FAULT （主轴故障）SPINDLE ALARM （主轴报警）EXTERNAL EMG STOP （急停按钮被按下）AC NOT READY （交流盘未准备好）SPINPLE LUBE FAULT （主轴润滑故障）T CODE ERROR （T代码出错，非法T代码）M CODE ERROR （M代码出错，非法M代码）SERVO NOT READY （伺服未准备好）NC NOT READY （NC没准备好）TURRET FAULT （转塔故障）TURRET LIMIT （转塔限位）DC 24V OPEN （直流24断开）+24V NOT READY （+24V没准备好）GRAR DRIFT （档位漂移）PLEASE AXIS RETURN HOME （轴未回零）PLEASE DRUM RETURN HOME （刀库未回零）AIRPRESS FAILURE （气压故障）UNCL TOOL FALL （松刀失败）AIR PRESSURE DROP （压缩空气压力过低）CLAMP TOOL FALL （夹刀失败）DRUM NOT PARKED （刀库未在原值）X ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （X 轴未回零）Y ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （Y 轴未回零）Z ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （Z 轴未回零）4TH ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （第4轴未回零）X AXIS OVERTRAVL （X轴超限）Y AXIS OVERTRAVL （Y轴超限）Z AXIS OVERTRAVL （Z轴超限）COUNTER SWITCH REEOR （计数开关故障）MASTERT RANSFER OVER TEMP 主变压器过热Z AXIS NOT AT FIRST REF POSITION（Z轴未在第一参考点）SPINDLE ORIENTATION FALLURE 主轴定向失败TOOL DESENT OR TOOL DATA REEOR（刀具数据错误）PLEASE UNLOAD THE TOOL ON SPRINELK（请卸下主轴上的刀）PLEASE LOAD TOOL ON APINDLE（请装上主轴上的刀）A AXIS UNCLAMP FAIL （A 轴松开失败）A AXIS CLAMP FAIL （A 轴夹紧失败）DRUM OUT TO APRONDLEIS FALL（刀库摆向换刀位失败）MG SWING OVERLOAD （刀库摆动过载）DRUM BACK PARK IS FALL（刀库摆回原始位失败）TURRENT MOTOR1 OVERLOAD （刀库移动电机过载）COOLANT MOTOR OVERLOAD 冷却泵过载DRUM ATC FAULT （自动换刀失败）TOOLS UNLOCKED （刀具未锁紧）BATTERY ALARM （电池报警）DRUM POSITION SWITCH ERROR（刀库位置检测开关故障）DRUM NOW NOT AT PARK 刀库未在原始位置IT DANGOU TO MOVE DRUM （刀库禁动）POT UO FAILOR POT NOT AT UP POSITION （刀套未在水平位）POT DOWN FAIL （刀套翻下动作失败）IT IS DANGOUR TO MOVE ARM 机械手禁动THE SPINDLE STATU IS ERROR 主轴状态错误ARM MOTOR OR ARM SWITCH FALL（机械手或机械手开关故障）CENTRE LUBRICATION FALL 中心润滑故障）THE WORK NOT CLAMPED （工件未夹紧）AUTO TOOL CHANGE FAULT （自动换刀失败）TOOL DATA OUT OF RANGE（指令刀具号超出范围）THE ORDER TOOL NOW IN SPINDLE（目标刀具在主轴上）THE THREE SPINDLE SWITCH FAULT（主轴上的接近开关）THE CENTRE COOLANT IS LOWER（刀具内冷泵液位过低）DRUM RETURN 1# POSITION FAULT（刀库自动回零失败）SPINDLE OVERLOAD （主轴过载）TURRENT MOTOR OVERLOAD（刀盘转动电机过载）CHIP CONVEYER OVERLOAD （拉屑器过载）HARD LIMIT OR SERVO ALARM（硬限位或伺服报警）NO LUB OIL （无润滑油）INDEX HEAD UNLOCKED （分度头未锁紧）MT NOT READY （机床没准备好）MG OVERLOAD （刀库过载）LUB EMPTY （润滑无油）AIR PRESSURE （气压不足）COOLANT NOT READY （冷却没准备好）LUBE EMPTY （油雾油位低，润滑油位低）LUB PRESSURE LOW （润滑压力低）CONVEY VERLOAD （排屑过载）LUB OVERLOAD （润滑过载）LUBE PRESSURE LOW （油雾压力低）SERIAL SPINDLE ALARM (串行主轴报警) NC BATTERY LOW ALARM (NC电池低报警) MAGAZINE MOVE LIMIT SWITCH ERROR SPINDLE TOOL UNLAMP POSITION LIMIT SWIT CH ERRORMAGAZINE NOT IN POSITION OR SENSOR ERR ORAIR PRESSURE LOW ALARM (气压低报警) MOTOR OVERLOAD (电机过载)T CODE > MAGAZINE TOOLST CODE < 1 ERROR5TH AXIS HARDWARE OVERTRAVER LIMIT ERR ORDOOR IS OPENED (开门)LUB PRESSURE SWITCH ERROR (油压开关错误) SPINDLE OIL COOLANT UNIT ERROR SPINDLE LOAD ABNORMAL （主轴负荷异常）TRANSDUCER ALARM （传感器报警）BED-HEAD LUBRICATE OFF （床头润滑关闭）EMG OFFHYDRAULIC CHUCK PRESS LOW 液压夹头压力低HYDRAULIC TAIL PRESS LOW 液压尾座压力低LUB 0IL LOW （油压低）TURRET CODE ERROR （转塔码错误）TURRET RUN OVERTIME （转塔运行超时）MANUAL HANDLE INTERRUPTTRY TO RUN SPINDLE WHILE CHUCK NOT LOC K TRY TO RUN SPINDLE WHILE TAIL NOT LOCK SPINDLE NEUTRAL GEARMAGAZINE ADJUSTHYDRAULIC NOT RUNSAFETY DOOR BE OPENEDSAFETY DOOR NOT CLOSENOT ALL AXIS HAVE GONE BACK REFIN ADJUST,IGNORE GOING BACK REF AFTER EXCHANGE TOOL,CYCLE STARTATC MOTOR QF16 OFFX AXIS IS LOCKED （X 轴被锁定）Y AXIS IS LOCKED （Y 轴被锁定）Z AXIS IS LOCKED （Z 轴被锁定）A AXIS IS LOCKED （A 轴被锁定）SPINDLE MOTOR FAN QF26 OFF(主轴电机风扇QF26关闭)SPINDLE ORIENTATION INCOMPLETE（主轴定位不完全）M FUNCTION NOT COMPLETE（M 功能无法完成）SPINDLE NOT IN GEAR POSITION（齿轮不在主轴位置）SPINDLE NOT CHANGED TO LOW GEAR（主轴没有变为低档）SPINDLE NOT CHANGED TO HIGH GRAR（主轴没有变为高档）MAG NOT BACKWARDSPINDLE TOOL NOT CLAMPSPINDLE TOOL NOT UNCLAMPMAG NOT IN POSITIONMAG DOES NOT ROTATEMAG DOES NOT STOP RUNNINGA AXIS HAVE NOT CLAMPEDA AXIS HAVE NOT UNCLAMPEDSET D499=1,"MAG.JOG" SWITCH ON HYDRAULIC MOTOR QF7 OFF（液压马达QF7关闭）HYDRAULIC TEMPRETURE HIGH（液压使用温度高）HYDRAULIC FILTER BLOCKED液压过滤器阻止HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL LOW 液压油位低HYDRAULIC FAN QF8 OFF液压风扇QF8关闭HELIX CONYER QF9 OR QF10 OFFCHAIN CONYER QF11 OFFCOOLANT MOTOR QF12 OFF （冷却液电机QF12关闭）COOLNT LEVEL LOW,CYCLE STOP AFTER 20 M INUTESINNER COOLANT BLOCK （内冷却堵塞）SPINDLE COOLANT MOTOR QF14 OFF （主轴冷却液电机QF14关闭）INNER COOLANT QF13 OFF 内冷却液QF13关闭MAG MOTOR QF15 OFFCABINET COOLANT EQUIP QF20 OFFOIL GATHER QF24 OFFAIR PRESSURE LOW （低气压）SPINDLE COOLANT MOTOR FAULT（主轴冷却液电机故障）LUB.OIL IS LOW （润滑油低）DOOR OPEN （门打开）FRONT DOOR(R) OPEN （前门打开）LEFT DOOR OPEN （左门打开）LUBRICATION OIL QF23 OFF 润滑油QF23关闭LUBRICATION PRESS LOW （润滑油位低）IN ADJUST,MAG CAN'T EXCHANGE T（在调整，刀库不能交换T）NOT ALL DOOR CLOSED （门没有全部关闭）IN M06,MAG NOT READY 在M06，刀库未准备好MAGAZINE NOT READY （刀库未准备好）POCKET NOT HORIZANTALIN M06,Z NOT BACK TO 2ND REFIN M06,Z AXIS NOT IN PSW1ATC NOT IN ZERO POSITIONSPINDLE ORIENTATION UNCOMPLETE POCKET NOT HOR./MAG NOT BCKWRD POCKET NOT VER./MAG NOT FORWRD UNCLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETED CLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETEDAIM TOOL NO. IS WRONGMAG NOT BACKWARDAFTER RETRACT,SET R.T.BACK OFFZ NOT IN PSW2,FORBID ATC RUNNINGD499 EQUAL 1MAG.JOG SOFT SWITCH IS ON Z NOT IN PSW2,FORBID MAG FORWARD CHEKE SPINDLE MODULE ALARMOIL WATER SEPARATOR QF24 OFFSET THE SOFT SWITCH MAG.JOG OFFSET D499 TO 0 设定D499为0K PARAM ABOUT MAG SET IS WRONG关于MAG的K参数设定错误MECHANICAL BRAKE NOT RELEASED机床抱闸没有松开MECHANICAL BRAKE IS WRONG机床抱闸错误PLEASE ADD LUB.OIL 请加润滑油PROBE BATTERY VOLTAGE IS LOW探头电池电压低PROBE IS ERR 探头错误PARAMETER WRITE ENABLE 参数写使能PMC EDIT ENABLE （PMC编辑使能）CHECK LUB ROUTINSPINDLE GEAR SIGNAL MISS主轴档位信号消失T_CLAMPED_SIGNAL MISS T夹紧信号消失SP OVERRIDE SWITCH DISCONNECTION主轴倍率开关断路FEED OVERRIDE SWITCH DISCONNECTION 进给倍率开关断路THE TOTAL NUMBER OF POCKETS SET ERR CHANGE T STOPED BECAUSE NO AIR因为缺少压空交换停止THE COOLANT WATER TOO LOW,ADD COOL ANT WATER AT ONCE 冷却水少立即加水COOLANT LEVEL LOW,ADD COOLANT WATE R 冷却水液位低PLEASE REPLACE CNC BATTERY QUICKLY 请立即更换CNC电池。
液压系统外文文献翻译中英文
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Hydraulic systemW Arnold1 IntroductionThe hydraulic station is called a hydraulic pump station and is an independent hydraulic device. It is step by step to supply oil. And control the direction of hydraulic oil flow, pressure and flow, suitable for the host and hydraulic equipment can be separated on the various hydraulic machinery.After the purchase, the user only needs to connect the hydraulic station and the actuator (hydraulic or oil motor) on the mainframe with different tubings. The hydraulic machine can realize various specified actions and working cycles.The hydraulic station is a combination of manifolds, pump units or valve assemblies, electrical boxes, and tank electrical boxes. Each part function is:The pump unit is equipped with a motor and an oil pump, which is the power source of the hydraulic station and can convert mechanical energy into hydraulic oil pressure energy.V alve combination - its plate valve is mounted on the vertical plate, and the rear plate is connected with the same function as the manifold.Oil manifolds - assembled from hydraulic valves and channel bodies. It regulates hydraulic oil pressure, direction and flow.Box--a semi-closed container for plate welding. It is also equipped with an oil screen, an air filter, etc., which is used for cooling and filtering of oil and oil.Electrical box - divided into two types: one is to set the external lead terminal board; one is equipped with a full set of control appliances.The working principle of the hydraulic station: The motor drives the oil pump to rotate, then the pump sucks oil from the oil tank and supplies oil, converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure energy, and the hydraulic oil passes through the manifold (or valve assembly) to adjust the direction, pressure and flow and then passes through the external tube. The way to the hydraulic cylinder or oil motor in the hydraulic machinery, so as to control the direction of the hydraulic motor, the strength of the speed and speed, to promote all kinds of hydraulic machinery to do work.(1) Development history of hydraulic pressureThe development history of hydraulics (including hydraulic power, the same below), pneumatics, and seals industry in China can be roughly divided into three stages, namely: the starting stage in the early 1950s to the early 60s; and the professional in the 60s and 70s. The growth stage of the production system; the 80-90's is a stage of rapid development. Among them, the hydraulic industry began in the early 1950s with thedevelopment of hydraulic machines such as Grinding Machines, broaching machines, and profiling lathes, which were produced by the machine tool industry. The hydraulic components were produced by the hydraulic workshop in the machine tool factory, and were produced for self use. After entering the 1960s, the application of hydraulic technology was gradually promoted from the machine tool to the agricultural machinery and engineering machinery. The original hydraulic workshop attached to the main engine plant was independent and became a professional manufacturer of hydraulic components. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the continuous development of mechanization of production, particularly in the provision of highly efficient and automated equipment for the second automobile manufacturing plant, the hydraulic component manufacturing industry witnessed rapid development. The batch of small and medium-sized enterprises also began to become specialized manufacturers of hydraulic parts. In 1968, the annual output of hydraulic components in China was close to 200,000 pieces. In 1973, in the fields of machine tools, agricultural machinery, construction machinery and other industries, the professional factory for the production of hydraulic parts has grown to over 100, and its annual output exceeds 1 million pieces. Such an independent hydraulic component manufacturing industry has taken shape. At this time, the hydraulic product has evolved from the original imitation Su product intoa combination of imported technology and self-designed products. The pressure has been developed towards medium and high pressures, and electro-hydraulic servo valves and systems have been developed. The application of hydraulics has been further expanded. The pneumatic industry started a few years later than hydraulics, and it was only in 1967 that it began to establish a professional pneumatic components factory. Pneumatic components began to be manufactured and sold as commodities. Its sealing industry including rubber seals, flexible graphite seals, and mechanical seals started from the production of common O-rings, oil seals, and other extruded rubber seals and asbestos seal products in the early 1950s. In the early 1960s, it began to develop and produce flexible products. Graphite seals and mechanical seals and other products. In the 1970s, a batch of batches of professional production plants began to be established one after another in the systems of the former Ministry of Combustion, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery, formally forming the industry, which laid the foundation for the development of the seal industry.In the 1980s, under the guidance of the national policy of reform and opening up, with the continuous development of the machinery industry, the contradiction between the basic components lags behind the host computer has become increasingly prominent and caused the attention of all relevant departments. To this end, the former Ministry of Machinesestablished the General Infrastructure Industry Bureau in 1982, and unified the original pneumatic, hydraulic, and seal specialties that were scattered in the industries of machine tools, agricultural machinery, and construction machinery, etc. The management of a piece of office, so that the industry in the planning, investment, the introduction of technology and scientific research and development and other aspects of the basic parts of the bureau's guidance and support. This has entered a period of rapid development, it has introduced more than 60 foreign advanced technology, of which more than 40 hydraulic, pneumatic 7, after digestion and absorption and technological transformation, are now mass production, and has become the industry's leading products . In recent years, the industry has intensified its technological transformation. From 1991 to 1998, the total investment of national, local, and corporate self-raised funds totaled about 2 billion yuan, of which more than 1.6 billion were hydraulic. After continuous technological transformation and technological breakthroughs, the technical level of a group of major enterprises has been further improved, and technological equipment has also been greatly improved, laying a good foundation for forming a high starting point, specialization, and mass production. In recent years, under the guidance of the principle of common development of multiple ownership systems in the country, various small and medium-sized enterprises with different ownership have rapidly emerged and haveshown great vitality. With the further opening up of the country, foreign-funded enterprises have developed rapidly, which plays an important role in raising industry standards and expanding exports. So far China has established joint ventures with famous manufacturers in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries or directly established piston pumps/motors, planetary speed reducers, hydraulic control valves, steering gears, hydraulic systems, hydrostatic transmissions, and hydraulic components. The company has more than 50 manufacturing enterprises such as castings, pneumatic control valves, cylinders, gas processing triplets, rubber seals, and mechanical seals, and has attracted more than 200 million U.S. dollars in foreign capital.(2) Current statusBasic profileAfter more than 40 years of hard work, China's hydraulics, pneumatics and seals industry has formed a complete industrial system with a certain level of production capacity and technical level. According to the statistics of the third n ational industrial census in 1995, China’s state-owned, privately-owned, cooperative, village-run, individual, and “funded enterprises” have annual sales income of more than 1 million yuan in hydraulic, pneumatic, and seal industrial townships and above. There are a total of more than 1,300 companies, including about 700 hydraulics, and about 300 pneumatic and sealing parts. According to thestatistics of the international industry in 1996, the total output value of the hydraulic industry in China was about 2.448 billion yuan, accounting for the 6th in the world; the total output value of the pneumatic industry was about 419 million yuan, accounting for the world’s10 people.2. Current supply and demand profileWith the introduction of technology, independent development and technological transformation, the technical level of the first batch of high-pressure plunger pumps, vane pumps, gear pumps, general hydraulic valves, oil cylinders, oil-free pneumatic components and various types of seals has become remarkable. Improve, and can be stable mass production, provide guarantees for all types of host to improve product quality. In addition, certain achievements have also been made in the aspects of CAD, pollution control, and proportional servo technology for hydraulic pneumatic components and systems, and have been used for production. So far, the hydraulic, pneumatic and seal products have a total of about 3,000 varieties and more than 23,000 specifications. Among them, there are about 1,200 types of hydraulic pressure, more than 10,000 specifications (including 60 types of hydrodynamic products, 500 specifications); about 1350 types of pneumatic, more than 8,000 specifications; there are also 350 types of rubber seals, more than 5000 The specifications are now basically able to adapt to the general needs ofvarious types of mainframe products. The matching rate for major equipment sets can reach more than 60%, and a small amount of exports has started.In 1998, the domestic production of hydraulic components was 4.8 million pieces, with sales of about 2.8 billion yuan (of which mechanical systems accounted for 70%); output of pneumatic components was 3.6 million pieces, and sales were about 550 million yuan (including mechanical systems accounting for about 60%) The production of seals is about 800 million pieces, and the sales volume is about 1 billion yuan (including about 50% of mechanical systems). According to the statistics of the annual report of the China Hydraulic and Pneumatic Sealing Industry Association in 1998, the production and sales rate of hydraulic products was 97.5% (101% of hydraulic power), 95.9% of air pressure, and 98.7% of seal. This fully reflects the basic convergence of production and sales.Although China's hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industries have made great progress, there are still many gaps compared with the development needs of the mainframe and the world's advanced level, which are mainly reflected in the variety, performance and reliability of products. . Take hydraulic products as an example, the product varieties are only 1/3 of the foreign country, and the life expectancy is 1/2 of that of foreign countries. In order to meet the needs of key hosts, imported hosts, and majortechnical equipment, China has a large number of imported hydraulic, pneumatic, and sealing products every year. According to customs statistics and relevant data analysis, in 1998, the import volume of hydraulic, pneumatic and seal products was about 200 million U.S. dollars, of which the hydraulic pressure was about 140 million U.S. dollars, the pneumatics were 30 million U.S. dollars, and the seal was about 0.3 billion U.S. dollars. The year is slightly lower. In terms of amount, the current domestic market share of imported products is about 30%. In 1998, the total demand for hydraulic parts in the domestic market was about 6 million pieces, and the total sales volume was 4 billion yuan; the total demand for pneumatic parts was about 5 million pieces, and the total sales volume was over 700 million yuan; the total demand for seals was about 1.1 billion yuan. Pieces, total sales of about 1.3 billion yuan. (3) Future developments1. The main factors affecting development(1) The company's product development capability is not strong, and the level and speed of technology development can not fully meet the current needs for advanced mainframe products, major technical equipment and imported equipment and maintenance;(2) Many companies have lagged behind in manufacturing process, equipment level and management level, and their sense of quality is not strong, resulting in low level of product performance, unstable quality,poor reliability, and insufficiency of service, and lack of user satisfaction. And trusted branded products;(3) The degree of professional specialization in the industry is low, the power is scattered, the duplication of the low level is serious, the product convergence between the region and the enterprise leads to blind competition, and the prices are reduced each other, thus the efficiency of the enterprise is reduced, the funds are lacking, and the turnover is difficult. Insufficient investment in development and technological transformation has severely restricted the overall level of the industry and its competitive strength.(4) When the degree of internationalization of the domestic market is increasing, foreign companies have gradually entered the Chinese market to participate in competition, coupled with the rise of domestic private, cooperative, foreign-funded, and individual enterprises, resulting in increasing impact on state-owned enterprises. .2. Development trendWith the continuous deepening of the socialist market economy, the relationship between supply and demand in the hydraulic, pneumatic and sealed products has undergone major changes. The seller market characterized by “shortage” has basically become a buyer’s market characterized by “structured surplus”. Replaced by. From the perspective of overall capacity, it is already in a trend of oversupply, and in particular,general low-grade hydraulic, pneumatic and seals are generally oversupply; and like high-tech products with high technological content and high value and high value-added products that are urgently needed by the host, Can not meet the needs of the market, can only rely on imports. After China's entry into the WTO, its impact may be greater. Therefore, during the “10th Five-Y ear Plan” period, the growth of the industry’s output value must not only rely on the growth of quantity. Instead, it should focus on the structural contradiction of the industry and intensify efforts to adjust the industrial structure and product structure. It should be based on the improvement of quality. Product technology upgrades in order to adapt to and stimulate market demand, and seek greater development.2. Hydraulic application on power slide(1) Introduction of Power Sliding TableUsing the binding force curve diagram and the state space analysis method to analyze and study the sliding effect and the smoothness of the sliding table of the combined machine tool, the dynamics of the hydraulic drive system of the sliding table—the self-regulating back pressure regulating system are established. mathematical model. Through the digital simulation system of the computer, the causes and main influencing factors of the slide impact and the motion instability are analyzed. What kind of conclusions can be drawn from those, if we canreasonably design the structural dimensions of hydraulic cylinders and self-regulating back pressure regulators ——The symbols used in the text are as follows:s 1 - flow source, that is, the flow rate of the governor valve outlet;S el —— sliding friction of the sliding table;R - the equivalent viscous friction coefficient of the slide;I 1 - quality of slides and cylinders;12 - self-adjusting back pressure valve core quality;C 1, c 2 - liquid volume without cylinder chamber and rod chamber;C 2 - Self-adjusting back pressure valve spring compliance;R 1, R2 - Self-adjusting back pressure valve damping orifice fluid resistance;R 9 - Self-adjusting back pressure valve valve fluid resistance;S e2——initial pre-tightening force of self-adjusting back pressure valve spring;I 4, I5 - Equivalent liquid sense of the pipeline;C 5, C 6 - equivalent liquid capacity of the pipeline;R 5, R7 - Equivalent liquid resistance of the pipeline;V 3, V4 - cylinder rodless cavity and rod cavity volume;P 3, P4—pressure of the rodless cavity and rod cavity of the cylinder;F - the slide bears the load;V - speed of slide motion;In this paper, the power bond diagram and the state space splitting method are used to establish the system's motion mathematical model, and the dynamic characteristics of the slide table can be significantly improved.In the normal operation of the combined machine tool, the magnitude of the speed of the slide, its direction and the load changes it undergoes will affect its performance in varying degrees. Especially in the process of work-in-process, the unsteady movement caused by the advancing of the load on the slide table and the cyclical change of the load will affect the surface quality of the workpiece to be machined. In severe cases, the tool will break. According to the requirements of the Dalian Machine Tool Plant, the author used the binding force curve diagram and the state space analysis method to establish a dynamic mathematical model of a self-adjusting back pressure and speed adjustment system for the new hydraulic drive system of the combined machine tool slide. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the sliding table, it is necessary to analyze the causes and main influencing factors of the impetus and movement of the sliding table. However, it must pass the computer's digital simulation and the final results obtained from the research.(2) Dynamic Mathematical ModelThe working principle diagram of the self-adjusting back pressure speedregulation system of the combined machine tool slide hydraulic drive system is shown in the figure. This system is used to complete the work-cycle-stop-rewind. When the sliding table is working, the three-position four-way reversing valve is in the illustrated position. The oil supply pressure of the oil pump will remain approximately constant under the effective action of the overflow valve, and the oil flow passes through the reversing valve and adjusts the speed. The valve enters the rodless chamber of the cylinder to push the slide forward. At the same time, the pressurized oil discharged from the rod chamber of the cylinder will flow back to the tank through the self-regulating back pressure valve and the reversing valve. During this process, there was no change in the operating status of both the one-way valve and the relief valve. The complex and nonlinear system of the hydraulic drive system of the self-adjusting back pressure governor system is a kind of self-adjusting back-pressure governor system. To facilitate the study of its dynamic characteristics, a simple and reasonable dynamic mathematical model that only considers the main influencing factors is established. Especially important [1][2]. From the theoretical analysis and the experimental study, we can see that the system process time is much longer than the process time of the speed control valve. When the effective pressure bearing area of the rodless cavity of the fuel tank is large, the flow rate at the outlet of the speed control valve is instantaneous. The overshoot is reflected in thesmall change in speed of the slide motion [2]. In order to further broaden and deeply study the dynamic characteristics of the system so that the research work can be effectively performed on a miniature computer, this article will further simplify the original model [2], assuming that the speed control valve is output during the entire system pass. When the flow is constant, this is considered to be the source of the flow. The schematic diagram of the dynamic model structure of this system is shown in Fig. 2. It consists of a cylinder, a sliding table, a self-adjusting back pressure valve, and a connecting pipe.The power bond graph is a power flow graph. It is based on the transmission mode of the system energy, based on the actual structure, and uses the centralized parameters to represent the role of the subsystems abstractly as a resistive element R, a perceptual element I, and a capacitive element. Three kinds of role of C. Using this method, the physical concept of modeling is clear, and combined with the state-space analysis method, the linear system can be described and analyzed more accurately. This method is an effective method to study the dynamic characteristics of complex nonlinear systems in the time domain. According to the main characteristics of each component of the self-adjusting back pressure control system and the modeling rules [1], the power bond diagram of the system is obtained. The upper half of each key in the figure represents the power flow. The two variables that makeup the power are the force variables (oil pressure P and force F) and the flow variables (flow q and velocity v). The O node indicates that the system is connected in parallel, and the force variables on each key are equal and the sum of the flow variables is zero; 1 The nodes represent the series connection in the system, the flow variables on each key are equal and the sum of the force variables is Zero. TF denotes a transformer between different energy forms. The TF subscripted letter represents the conversion ratio of the flow variable or the force variable. The short bar on the key indicates the causal relationship between the two variables on the key. The full arrow indicates the control relationship. There are integral or differential relationships between the force and flow variables of the capacitive and perceptual elements in the three types of action elements. Therefore, a complex nonlinear equation of state with nine state variables can be derived from Fig. 3 . In this paper, the research on the dynamic characteristics of the sliding table starts from the two aspects of the slide's hedging and the smoothness of the motion. The fourth-order fixed-length Runge-Kutta is used for digital simulation on the IBM-PC microcomputer.(3) Slide advanceThe swaying phenomenon of the slide table is caused by the sudden disappearance of the load acting on the slide table (such as drilling work conditions). In this process, the table load F, the moving speed V, and thepressure in the two chambers of the cylinder P3 and P4 can be seen from the simulation results in Fig. 4. When the sliding table moves at a uniform speed under the load, the oil pressure in the rodless cavity of the oil cylinder is high, and a large amount of energy is accumulated in the oil. When the load suddenly disappears, the oil pressure of the cavity is rapidly reduced, and the oil is rapidly reduced. When the high-pressure state is transferred to the low-pressure state, a lot of energy is released to the system, resulting in a high-speed forward impact of the slide. However, the front slide of the sliding table causes the pressure in the rod cavity of the oil cylinder to cause the back pressure to rise, thereby consuming part of the energy in the system, which has a certain effect on the kicking of the slide table. We should see that in the studied system, the inlet pressure of the self-adjusting back pressure valve is subject to the comprehensive effect of the two-chamber oil pressure of the oil cylinder. When the load suddenly disappears, the pressure of the self-adjusting back pressure valve rapidly rises and stably exceeds the initial back pressure value. It can be seen from the figure that self-adjusting back pressure in the speed control system when the load disappears, the back pressure of the cylinder rises more than the traditional speed control system, so the oil in the rod cavity of the cylinder absorbs more energy, resulting in the amount of forward momentum of the slide It will be about 20% smaller than traditionalspeed control systems. It can be seen from this that the use of self-adjusting back-gear speed control system as a drive system slider has good characteristics in suppressing the forward punch, in which the self-adjusting back pressure valve plays a very large role.(4) The smoothness of the slideWhen the load acting on the slide changes periodically (such as in the case of milling), the speed of the slide will have to fluctuate. In order to ensure the processing quality requirements, it must reduce its speed fluctuation range as much as possible. From the perspective of the convenience of the discussion of the problem, assume that the load changes according to a sine wave law, and the resulting digital simulation results are shown in Figure 5. From this we can see that this system has the same variation rules and very close numerical values as the conventional speed control system. The reason is that when the change of the load is not large, the pressure in the two chambers of the fuel tank will not have a large change, which will eventually lead to the self-regulating back pressure valve not showing its effect clearly.(5) Improvement measuresThe results of the research show that the dynamic performance of a sliding table with self-regulating back pressure control system as a drive system is better than that of a traditional speed control system. To reduce the amount of kick in the slide, it is necessary to rapidly increase the backpressure of the rod cavity when the load disappears. To increase the smoothness of the sliding table, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the system. The main measure is to reduce the volume of oil. From the system structure, it is known that the cylinder has a large volume between the rod cavity and the oil discharge pipe, as shown in Fig. 6a. Its existence in terms of delay and attenuation of the self-regulating back pressure valve function, on the other hand, also reduces the rigidity of the system, it will limit the further improvement of the propulsion characteristics and the smoothness of the motion. Thus, improving the dynamic characteristics of the sliding table can be handled by two methods: changing the cylinder volume or changing the size of the self-regulating back pressure valve. Through the simulation calculation of the structural parameters of the system and the comparison of the results, it can be concluded that the ratio of the volume V4 between the rod cavity and the oil discharge pipe to the volume V3 between the rodless cavity and the oil inlet pipe is changed from 5.5 to 5.5. At 1 oclock, as shown in the figure, the diameter of the bottom end of the self-adjusting back pressure valve is increased from the original 10mm to 13mm, and the length of the damper triangle groove is reduced from the original lmm to 0.7mm, which will enable the front of the slide table. The impulse is reduced by 30%, the transition time is obviously shortened, and the smoothness of the slide motion will also be greatly improved.中文译文液压系统W Arnold1. 绪论液压站称液压泵站,是独立的液压装置。
hydraulic词根分解
hydraulic词根分解
1、hydraulic：水力的，液压的
来自希腊语 hydraulic, 水管，水道，来自hydro, 水，词源同water、管道，词源同 alveolus. 如现西班牙古城塞哥维亚
( Segovia )修建于古罗马时期距今已2000余年的输水道。
引申词义水力的，液压的。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：hydraulic 词源，hydraulic 含义。
2、hydraulic：水力的，水压的
词根词缀： -hydr- 水 + aul + -ic 形容词词尾
3、例句
They were robots powered by hydraulics.
他们是水力推动的机器人。
Finally we lost all the power because of the hydraulics failure.
最后我们因为液压系统的故障失去了所有的动力。
For the study of navigation hydraulics, it is of some reference value.
对今后研究通航水力学问题具有一定的参考价值。
润滑油型号 用途
润滑油型号用途润滑油（Lubricating oil）是一种广泛应用于机械设备中的重要液体材料。
它主要用于减少摩擦和磨损，保护机械设备，提高设备的工作效率和寿命。
润滑油的种类繁多，每种润滑油都有其特定的用途，下面我将列举几种常见的润滑油的型号和其用途。
1. 齿轮油（Gear oil）：齿轮油是一种专门用于润滑齿轮的润滑油，主要用于齿轮传动装置中。
它具有良好的抗磨损性能和极压性能，能够有效减少齿轮之间的摩擦和磨损，提高齿轮传动的效率和寿命。
2. 涡轮油（Turbine oil）：涡轮油是一种专门用于润滑涡轮机的润滑油，主要用于涡轮机和涡轮发电机组中。
它具有良好的抗氧化性能和热稳定性，能够在高温和高速条件下保持稳定的润滑性能，确保涡轮机的正常运转。
3. 液压油（Hydraulic oil）：液压油是一种专门用于润滑液压系统的润滑油，主要用于液压设备中。
它具有良好的防锈性能和抗氧化性能，能够保持液压系统的正常工作，确保液压设备的高效运行。
4. 发动机油（Engine oil）：发动机油是一种专门用于润滑发动机的润滑油，主要用于汽车、摩托车等内燃机设备中。
它具有良好的润滑和冷却性能，能够减少发动机部件的摩擦和磨损，提高发动机的工作效率和寿命。
5. 蜡油（Paraffin oil）：蜡油是一种用途广泛的润滑油，可用于各种机械设备中。
它具有良好的渗透性和润滑性能，能够减少设备之间的摩擦和磨损，保护设备的正常工作。
此外，还有很多其他类型的润滑油，如导热油、高温链条油、空气压缩机油等，它们都有其特定的用途和适用范围。
在选择润滑油时，需要根据机械设备的类型、工作条件和要求来确定适合的润滑油型号。
总之，润滑油是机械设备中不可或缺的重要部分，不同的润滑油型号对应于不同的用途和机械设备。
选择适当的润滑油可以有效减少设备的摩擦和磨损，提高设备的工作效率和寿命，为设备的正常运转提供保障。
因此，在使用润滑油时，需根据实际需要选择适合的型号和使用方法，以确保机械设备的正常运行和延长其使用寿命。
设备管理 定义和术语(PMS-T 3-2016)
《设备管理定义和术语》PMS/T 3-2016【说明】：1.《设备管理定义和术语》将根据企业需要每年增加，为了方便设备管理相关人员了解及查询设备管理常用术语，起草小组特将此草案放在网上供大家使用。
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分资料的人贡献你的智慧。
6.设备管理术语汇编和其它词典一样，根据新增的术语而不断地更新，我们也会根据使用的需要不断努力地随时更新我们的语言。
我们希望设备管理同行们能够向我们提出更多的建议，以便进一步增添术语。
7.设备定义和术语分为以下9大类：1.设备管理基础术语? ? ? ? ? ?2.设备现场环境术语3.设备前期管理术语? ? ? ? ? ?4.设备使用与维护术语5.设备点检与监测术语? ? ? ?6.设备故障与维修术语7.设备润滑管理术语? ? ? ? ??8.备件管理术语9.设备管理模式术语【词汇贡献记录】：1.【徐伟? 广州王老吉药业股份有限公司】2013-5-31?补充及修改词汇：容器、仪器仪表、零件、部件、总成、电气设备、设备安装周期、校准、泄漏源、质量源，（其他修改建议待征求意见完成后一并修改。
）2.（期待您的贡献！）?《设备管理定义和术语》PMS/T 3-2016?前?言为了方便设备管理相关人员了解设备管理常用术语，规范设备管理体系术语的使用，促进设备管理标准化建设，制订本标准。
本标准规定了设备管理体系建设及日常工作经常涉及的术语和定义。
本标准为首次发布。
本标准为指导性标准。
本标准主要起草单位：中国设备管理评价中心、成都华标企业管理咨询有限公司本标准主要起草人：蒋良君??1 ?范围? ? 本标准规定了设备管理体系及日常工作经常涉及的术语和定义。
本标准适用于：? ? a）通过实施设备管理体系寻求提升设备管理水平的组织；?? ? b）设备管理相关人员；? ? d）就设备管理方面所使用的术语需要达成共识的人员和组织（如：供方、顾客、评价机构等）；? ? e) 设备管理星级评价机构的人员和机构；? ? f）对组织设备管理体系提出建议、咨询或提供培训的内部或外部人员和机构；? ? g）制定相关标准的人员。
46液压油的种类及型号
46液压油的种类及型号液压油是一种用于传动力或能量的工作介质。
根据应用要求不同，液压系统使用的液压油种类和型号也有所区别。
下面将详细介绍液压油的种类及型号。
1. 矿物油（Mineral Oil）矿物油是常用的液压油类型，由石油经过精炼和加工得到。
其性能稳定，具有良好的润滑和密封性能，是传统液压系统的首选。
常见矿物油型号包括：ISOVG32、ISOVG46、ISOVG68等，这些数字表示了油的粘度等级。
2. 高温液压油（High Temperature Hydraulic Oil）高温液压油适用于高温环境下的液压系统，能够在高温条件下保持较好的性能稳定性和润滑性能。
常见高温液压油型号包括：ISOVG32-HT、ISOVG46-HT、ISOVG68-HT等。
3. 高压液压油（High Pressure Hydraulic Oil）高压液压油适用于高压液压系统，具有较高的抗压性能和稀释稳定性，能有效防止油品因高压而变稀。
常见高压液压油型号包括：ISOVG32-HV、ISOVG46-HV、ISOVG68-HV等。
4. 生物液压油（Bio-based Hydraulic Oil）生物液压油是一种环保型液压油，使用生物基原料制造，不含有毒物质，对环境和人体健康无害。
常见生物液压油型号包括：ISOVG32-B、ISOVG46-B、ISOVG68-B等。
5. 合成液压油（Synthetic Hydraulic Oil）合成液压油性能稳定，抗氧化、抗磨损性能优良，适合在恶劣环境或特殊条件下使用。
与矿物油相比，合成油耐高温、低温性能更好。
常见合成液压油型号包括：ISOVG32-S、ISOVG46-S、ISOVG68-S等。
6. 防爆液压油（Anti-Explosive Hydraulic Oil）防爆液压油一般用于易燃易爆环境下的液压系统，具有低闪点和抗静电能力，能有效防止系统发生爆炸事故。
常见防爆液压油型号包括：ISOVG32-E、ISOVG46-E、ISOVG68-E等。
液压中英文翻译
A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.Hydraulic principleIt consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel.History of the development of hydraulicAnd air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world's first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G • Constantimsco) fluctuations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader.Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions;speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship deck crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the stern thruster ; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti-rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.Hydraulic system Introduction Hydraulic Pump Station also known as the stations are independent hydraulic device.Hydraulic presser drive and air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 • Braman Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world's first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.After the World War I (1914-1918) ,because of the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century G • Constantimscofluct- uations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic trans- mission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader.Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general industrial use of plastics processing machinery, the pressure of machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel indu-stry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control and dam gate devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship from the deck heavy machinery (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valve, stern thruster, etc.; special antenna technology giant with controldevices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military industrial control devices used in artillery, ship antirolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, auxiliary components and hydraulic oil.The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump.Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement.Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic pressure control valve can be divided into valves, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve.Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars.Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.The concept of gear pump is very simple, that it is two of the most basic form of the same size gear in a close cooperation of mutual engagement with the rotating shell, the shell's internal similar "8" shape, the two gears mounted inside , the diameter of gear and work closely with both sides and shell. From the extruder the material inhaled into the mouth of two intermediate gears, and full of the space, with the teeth along the shell of the rotary movement, the final two hours from the meshing teeth.Speaking in terms of gear, also known as positive displacement pump device, that is, inside the cylinder like a piston, when a tooth to another tooth space of the fluid, the liquid was squeezed mechanically to row out. Because the liquid is incompressible, so the liquid and the tooth at the same time will not be able to occupy the same space, so that the liquid has been ruled out. Because of the constant mesh gear, this phenomenon occurs on a row and, therefore, the pump provides a continuous export to exclude theamount of a turn each pump, the volume of discharge is the same. With the continuous rotation of the driveshaft, pump fluid is continuously discharged. Pump flow directly to the speed of the pump. In fact, there is little pump of the fluid loss, which makes the operation of pumps can not achieve 100% efficiency, as these fluids are used to on both sides of bearing and gear lubrication, and the pump body is also not possible with no gap, it can not be so that 100% of fluid discharged from the export, so a small amount of fluid loss is inevitable. However, a good pump can be run out of material for the majority, will still be able to achieve 93% ~ 98% efficiency.For the viscosity or density change in the process fluid, the pump will not be affected too much. If there is a damper, for example, in the export side, one row or a limiter filter, pumps will push fluid through them. If the damper changes in their work, that is, if the filters become dirty, blocked, or limiter on the back of the hypertension, the pump will maintain a constant flow, until the device in the weakest parts of the mechanical limit (usually equipped with a torque limiter). For a pump speed, in fact, there are restrictions, which mainly depends on the process fluid, if the transmission is oil, pump can rotate at high speed, but when the fluid is a high viscosity of the polymer melt, such restrictions will be significantly reduced. Promote blood flow into the intake side of the two tooth space is very important, if not fill in this space is full, the pump will not be able to discharge the flow of accurate, so the value of PV (pressure × velocity) is also a limiting factor, and is a process variable. As a result of these restrictions, gear pump manufacturers will provide a range of products, that is, different specifications and emission (perweek to the emission of volume). These pumps will fit the specific application of technology to enable the system to achieve optimal capacity and price.PEP-II pump shaft gear and a total of one species hardened using technology, will be a longer working life. "D"-type bearing a combination of forced lubrication mechanism, so that the polymer surface by the bearing, and return to the import side of pump to ensure effective lubrication of the rotation axis. This feature reduces the degradation of polymers and the possibility of being stranded. Precision machining of the pump body can "D"-type gear shaft with precision bearings to ensure noneccentric gear shaft to prevent gear wear. Structure and Parkool PTFE sealing lip sealed water cooled sealed together. This shaft seal does not actually contact the surface, it is the principle of the sealing polymer to a semimolten state cooling and the formation of self sealing. Can also be used Rheoseal sealing, seal it inside the table are reverse spiral groove processing, the polymer can be imported back to the antipressure. In order to facilitate the installation, the manufacturer has designed the installation of a ring bolt, so that the flange and install other equipment line, which makes the manufacture of tube flange easier. PEP-II with a gear pump with the pump to match the specifications of the heating elements for the user matching, which ensures rapid heating and heat control.Heating the body and pump in different ways, the damage to these components is limited to a board, the pump has nothing to do with the whole.Gear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality.The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion.Hydraulic principle ：it consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oilfilled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI, Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel.Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement.Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components; hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction; operative or hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice.In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equipment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow.Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened andclosed.For the implementation of components and control components, presentations are based on the corresponding circuit diagram symbols, it also introduced ready made circuit diagram symbols.Working principle of the system, you can turn on all circuits to code. If the first implementation of components numbered 0, the control components associated with the identifier is 1. Out with the implementation of components corresponding to the identifier for the even components, then retracting and implementation of components corresponding to the identifier for the odd components. Hydraulic circuit carried out not only to deal with numbers, but also to deal with the actual device ID, in order to detect system failures.DIN ISO1219-2 standard definition of the number of component composition, which includes the following four parts: device ID, circuit ID, component ID and component ID. The entire system if only one device, device number may be omitted.Practice, another way is to code all of the hydraulic system components for numbers at this time, components and component code should be consistent with the list of numbers. This method is particularly applicable to complex hydraulic control system,each control loop are the corresponding number with the system.With mechanical transmission, electrical transmission compared to the hydraulic drive has the following advantages:1, a variety of hydraulic components, can easily and flexibly to layout.2, light weight, small size, small inertia, fast response.3, to facilitate manipulation of control, enabling a wide range of stepless speed regulation (speed range of 2000:1).4, to achieve overload protection automatically.5, the general use of mineral oil as a working medium, the relative motion can beself-lubricating surface, long service life.6, it is easy to achieve linear motion.7, it is easy to achieve the automation of machines, when the joint control of the use of electro-hydraulic, not only can achieve a higher degree of process automation, and remote control can be achieved.The shortcomings of the hydraulic system:1, as a result of the resistance to fluid flow and leakage of the larger, so less efficient. If not handled properly, leakage is not only contaminated sites, but also may cause fire and explosion.2, vulnerable performance as a result of the impact of temperature change, it would be inappropriate in the high or low temperature conditions.3, the manufacture of precision hydraulic components require a higher, more expensive and hence the price.4, due to the leakage of liquid medium and the compressibility and can not be strictly the transmission ratio.5, hydraulic transmission is not easy to find out the reasons for failure; the use and maintenance requirements for a higher level of technology.In the hydraulic system and its system, the sealing device to prevent leakage of the work of media within and outside the dust and the intrusion of foreign bodies. Seals played the role of components, namely seals. Medium will result in leakage of waste, pollution and environmental machinery and even give rise to malfunctioning machinery and equipment for personal accident. Leakage within the hydraulic system will cause a sharp drop in volumetric efficiency, amounting to less than the required pressure, can not even work. Microinvasive system of dust particles, can cause or exacerbate friction hydraulic component wear, and further lead to leakage.Therefore, seals and sealing device is an important hydraulic equipment components. The reliability of its work and life, is a measure of the hydraulic system an important indicator of good or bad. In addition to the closed space, are the use of seals, so that two adjacent coupling surface of the gap between the need to control the liquid can be sealed following the smallest gap. In the contact seal, pressed into self-seal-style and self-styled self-tight seal (ie, sealed lips) two.The three hydraulic system diseases1, as a result of heat transmission medium (hydraulic oil) in the flow velocity in various parts of the existence of different, resulting in the existence of a liquid within the internal friction of liquids and pipelines at the same time there is friction between the inner wall, which are a result of hydraulic the reasons for the oil temperature. Temperature will lead to increased internal and external leakage, reducing its mechanical efficiency. At the same time as a result of high temperature, hydraulic oil expansion will occur, resulting in increased compression, so that action can not be very good control of transmission. Solution: heat is the inherent characte -ristics of the hydraulic system, not only to minimize eradication. Use a good quality hydraulic oil, hydraulic piping arrangement should be avoided as far as possible the emergence of bend, the use of high-quality pipe and fittings, hydraulic valves, etc.2, the vibration of the vibration of the hydraulic system is also one of its malaise. As a result of hydraulic oil in the pipeline flow of high-speed impact and the control valve to open the closure of the impact of the process are the reasons for the vibration system. Strong vibration control action will cause the system to error, the system will also be some of the more sophisticated equipment error, resulting in system failures. Solutions: hydraulic pipe should be fixed to avoid sharp bends. To avoid frequent changes in flow direction, can not avoid damping measures should be doing a good job.The entire hydraulic system should have a good damping measures, while avoiding the external local oscillator on the system.3, the leakage of the hydraulic system leak into inside and outside the leakage leakage. Leakage refers to the process with the leak occurred in the system, such as hydraulic piston-cylinder on both sides of the leakage, the control valve spool and valve body, such as between the leakage. Although no internal leakage of hydraulic fluid loss, but due to leakage, the control of the established movements may be affected until the cause system failures. Outside means the occurrence of leakage in the system and the leakage between the external environment. Direct leakage of hydraulic oil into the environment, in addition to the system will affect the working environment, not enough pressure will cause the system to trigger a fault. Leakage into the environment of the hydraulic oil was also the danger of fire. Solution: the use of better quality seals to improve the machining accuracy of equipment.Hydraulic components will be high-performance, high-quality, high reliability, the system sets the direction of development; to the low power, low noise, vibration, without leakage, as well as pollution control, water based media applications to adapt to environmental requirements, such as the direction of development; the development of highly integrated high power density, intelligence, mechatronics and micro-light mini-hydraulic components; active use of new techniques, new materials and electronics, sensing and other high-tech.Hydraulic coupling to high-speed high-power and integrated development of hydraulic transmission equipment, development of water hydraulic coupling medium speed and the field of automotive applications to develop hydraulic reducer, improve product reliability and working hours MTBF; hydraulic torque converter to the development of high-power products, parts and components to improve the manufacturing process technology to improve reliability, promote computeraided technology, the development of hydraulic torque converter and power shift transmission technology supporting the use of ; Clutch fluid viscosity should increase the quality of products, the formation of bulk to the high-power and high-speed direction.Pneumatic Industry:Products to small size, light weight, low power consumption, integrated portfolio of development, the implementation of the various types of components, compact structure, high positioning accuracy of the direction of development; pneumatic components and electronic technology, to the intelligent direction of development; component performance to high-speed, high-frequency, high-response, high-life, high temperature, high voltage direction, commonly used oil-free lubrication, application of new technology, new technology and new materials.(1)used high-pressure hydraulic components and the pressure of continuous work to reach 40Mpa, the maximum pressure to achieve instant 48Mpa;(2) diversification of regulation and control;(3) to further improve the regulation performance, increase the efficiency of the powertrain;(4) development and mechanical, hydraulic, power transmission of the composite portfolio adjustment gear;(5) development of energy saving, energy efficient system function;(6) to further reduce the noise;(7) a pplication of h ydraulic c artridge v alves thread technology, compact structure, to reduce the oil spill.什么是液压？一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、无件和液压油。
液压油选型
如果把液压系统比作人体躯干，那么液压油就相当人体血液，在液压系统中，液压油起着能量传递、系统润滑、防腐、防锈、冷却等作用，液压系统能否有效地工作，与所选用的液压油的品种及粘度密切相关。
因此，了解液压油性能并正确选用是非常必要的。
一液压油代号、组成和特性：HL 通用机床油，具有防锈、抗氧化性能的精制矿物润滑油HM 抗磨液压油，具有防锈抗氧化、抗磨性能的精制矿物润滑油HV 低温液压油，具有防锈、抗氧化、抗磨性能，加增粘剂的精制矿物润滑油HG 液压导轨油，具有防锈抗氧化、抗磨和抗粘滑性的精制矿物润滑油HS 合成烃低温液压油，具有防锈抗氧化、抗磨性能的合成烃油二液压油品种的选择1、根据液压系统的工作压力选择。
不同的工作压力对液压油品质的要求也不同，系统工作压力的增加，要求液压油的抗磨性、抗氧化性、抗泡性以及抗乳化和水解安定等性能也要提高。
同时，为防止压力的增加而引起泄露，液压油粘度也要相应的增加;反之，则选低粘度液压油。
2、根据使用环境温度选择。
在环境温度高或靠近热源的机械，应优先选用粘温性高(油的粘度随温度变化而变化即粘温性)的油品或难燃性油品。
在工作条件恶劣的场合，为保证系统的安全可靠，要选用粘温特性、热稳定性、润滑性以及防锈蚀等性能好If compare the hydraulic system to the torso, then the hydraulic oil is human blood. In the hydraulic system, hydraulic oil plays an energy transfer system lubrication, corrosion, rust, cooling and other effects. The hydraulic system can work effectively with closely related species and the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid. Therefore, understanding the performance and the correct choice of hydraulic oil is necessary.Num. OneHydraulic oil code, composition and properties:HL general machine oil, kind of rust and antioxidant properties of refined mineral lubricating oilsRefined mineral lubricating oilsHM Anti-wear hydraulic oil with rust and oxidation,anti-wear propertiesHV low temperature hydraulic oil, with rust,anti-oxidation, anti-wear properties functions. A kind of thickener refined mineral lubricating oilsHG Kind of refined mineral lubricating oils, with rustanti-oxidation, anti-wear and anti-stick-slip properties.HS Synthetic hydrocarbon low temperature hydraulic oil, with rust-proof anti-oxidation, anti-wear propertiesNum. Twohydraulic oil varieties selection1, Choose the right oil according to the working pressure. On different operating pressure, the hydraulic oil quality requirements are also different. When the system working pressure increased hydraulic oil abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance, anti-foam and anti-emulsifying properties and hydrolytic stability have to been improved.At the same time, in order to prevent leakage caused by increase of pressure, the hydraulic oil viscosity also need a corresponding increase; the contrary, choose a low viscosity hydraulic oil.2. The use of ambient temperature selection.At high ambient temperature or near a heat source machinery, we should prefer high viscosity-temperature (oil viscosity with temperature changes is viscosity-temperature) oil or flame-retardant oil. In the case of poor working的油液。
聚阿尔法烯烃合成基础油
工业润滑油分类锭子油Spindle oil 液压油Hydraulic oil 食品级液压油l for the food industry 涡轮油Turbine oil 循环油Circulation oil传输油Transmission oil 食品级传输油Transmission oil 压缩机油Compressor oil 冰箱压缩机油Refrigeration compressor oil碳氢气体压缩机油Hydrocarbon compressor oil 过程油Process oil 变压器油Transformer oil 白油White oil 传热油Heat transfer oil成型油Form oil 防锈油Rust preventive oil 气动工具油Air tool oil 导轨油Way oil 主轴油Cylinder oil 链条油Chain oil食品级链条油Chain oil for the food industry 锯条油Saw band oil 各种工业油Various industrial oils润滑油的作用和分类一、什么是润滑？润滑油的作用是什么？润滑：是在相对运动的两个接触表面之间加入润滑剂，从而使两磨擦面之间形成润滑膜，将直接接触的表面分隔开来，变干磨擦为润滑剂分子间的内磨擦，达到减少磨擦，降低磨损，延长机械设备使用寿命的目的，即谓之润滑。
润滑油的作用在于：1．降低磨擦：在磨擦面加入润滑剂，能使磨擦系数降低，从而减少了磨擦阻力，节约了能源消耗。
2．减少磨损：润滑剂在磨擦面间可以减少磨粒磨损、表面疲劳、粘着磨损等所造成的摩损。
3．冷却作用：润滑剂可以吸热、传热和散热，因而能降低磨擦热造成的温度上升。
4．防锈作用：磨擦面上有润滑剂存在，就可以防止因空气，水滴、水蒸汽、腐蚀性气体及液体、尘埃、氧化物引起的锈蚀。
5．传递动力：在许多情况下润滑剂具有传递动力的功能，如液压传动等。
常见数控机床报警信息中英文对照
UNCL TOOL FALL（松刀失败）
AIR PRESSURE DROP （压缩空气压力过低）
CLAMP TOOL FALL（夹刀失败）
DRUM NOT PARKED（刀库未在原值）
X ZERO POINT NOT REACHED （X 轴未回零）
POCKET NOT VER./MAG NOT FORWRD
UNCLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETED
CLAMP TOOL HAS NOT COMPLETED
AIM TOOL NO. IS WRONG
MAGAZINE MOVE LIMIT SWITCH ERROR
SPINDLE TOOL UNLAMP POSITION LIMIT SWITCH ERROR
MAGAZINE NOT IN POSITION OR SENSOR ERROR
AIR PRESSURE LOW ALARM(气压低报警)
COOLANT MOTOR OVERLOAD （冷却泵过载）
DRUM ATC OCKED （刀具未锁紧）
BATTERY ALARM （电池报警）
DRUM POSITION SWITCH ERROR （刀库位置检测开关故障）
DRUM NOW NOT AT PARK （刀库未在原始位置）
NO LUB OIL （无润滑油）
INDEX HEAD UNLOCKED （分度头未锁紧）
MT NOT READY（机床没准备好）
MG OVERLOAD （刀库过载）
LUB EMPTY（润滑无油）
AIR PRESSURE（气压不足）
桩工机械常用部件英语名称
一：液压系统有关词汇英文翻译液压卷杨机hydraulic ejector hydraulic elevator hydraulic platform 液压制动液hydraulic brake fluid液压油路hydraulic circuit液压操作阀hydraulic control valve液压控制hydraulic control液缸hydraulic cylinder液压升降机hydraulic hoist液压漏斗hydraulic hopper液压软管hydraulic hose液压管hydraulic tube hydraulic pipeline液压千斤顶hydraulic jack液压起重机hydraulic lift hydraulic crane液压马达hydraulic motor液压油回收器hydraulic oil saver液压油hydraulic oil液压操纵盘hydraulic panel液压管路系统hydraulic plumbing system液压传动hydraulic power-transmission液压油箱hydraulic reservoir hydraulic tank液压绳索升降机hydraulic rope-geared elevator液压系统图hydraulic scheme液压辅助绞车hydraulic utility winch液压阀hydraulic valve液压绞车hydraulic wireline winch液动绞车hydraulically-powered winch液压泵hydraulic pump封头套head cover限位螺杆stop screw锁头螺母locked head nut调节套adjustment sleeve刻度盘scale pointer变量头指针variable head pointer多路换向阀mulch-directional valve溢流阀overflow valve二：桩机基本组成的英文翻译电气系统Electrical system卷扬系统Windlass system回转系统Slewing system液压系统Hydraulic system减速机Reducer边桩器side piling machine主驾驶室main driver’s cabin压桩台pile pressing platform夹桩箱pile clamping box起重机crane升降机构vertial motion mechanism横移回转机构crossive motion and rotary mechanism 纵移机构longitudinal motion mechanism配重梁cantilever辅助配重梁assistant cantilever主压桩缸chief pile pressing cylinder副压桩缸assistant pile pressing cylinder压桩横梁pile pressing beam压桩立拄pile pressing column夹桩箱pile clamping box压桩球头pile pressing spherical head压桩绞座pile pressing winch动力室power room升降机构vertical motion mechanism机身main body油箱oil tank短船short boat回转平台rotary platform复位弹簧座return spring holder行走小车wheel carrier起吊钩lifting hook中心轴安装孔central axis hole夹桩油缸pile clamping cylinder夹桩油缸座pile clamping cylinder holder油缸法兰cylinder flange连接螺母connecting nut拉杆pulling rod连接块connecting block外曾钳口outer jaw内层钳口inner jaw钳口座jaw holder夹桩块pile clamping block内六角螺钉inner hexagonal screw复位弹簧安装孔return spring installation hole吊环螺钉孔hook bolt hole卡板block plate定位销stopper stop pin fixed pin复合轴承composite bearing轨轮wheel压盖press cover螺栓shaft油杯greasing cup调整垫adjusted underlay常压normal piling快压quick piling压桩piling加力adding force返回back松桩loosing pile夹桩clamping pile压桩操作手柄operation handles of pile pressing升降操作手柄vertical motion operating handles行走操作手柄moving operating handles浮机lifting machine三；桩机的相关英文词汇与短语解释label n:商标，标签，标志Vt:加上标签Eg: I labeled the trunk for Shanghai 我给皮箱贴上运往上海的标签manual n:手册，指南adj: 手的，手动的，手工的，手册（性质）的Handbookfirst-aid kit 急救箱protective articles 保全项目防护工具skintight work clothes 紧身工作服hard hat 安全帽safety glasses,goggles 护目镜veil 口罩respiratory veil 呼吸面罩earplug 耳塞vertical: adj:垂直的，智力的n: 垂直线，垂直面eg: Walls are usually vertical同义词：erect uprightparallel: adj H平行的，相同的，类似的，并联的n 平行线V 相应，平行Eg: the long boats of pile driver should be placed parallelswing : v: 摇摆，摆动，回转，旋转n: 秋千，摇摆，Eg: the swing of the crane jibdig: v 掘，挖，钻研，搜集eg: the excavator is digging a tunnel 挖掘机正在挖地道rotate v: （使）旋转eg: While pile driver is rotating, anyone should keep away from the range of the working arealongitudinal adj: 纵向的，经度的screw: n 螺丝丁, 螺旋，螺孔，vt: 调节旋加强拧vi: 转动旋拧Eg: He screwed the cylinders onto the pile pressing boxtorque: n 转矩扭矩driving torque 驱动扭矩jib: n (起重机的)臂crane jib elevator 升降机臂lubricant : adj 润滑的n 润滑剂，润滑油lubricate: vt: 使润滑，给~~~涂润滑油lubricate the connection nut 给拉杆涂润滑油repair 维修replace wearing or damaged partswearing adj: 穿用的使疲惫的磨损的entangle vt: 使缠上，纠缠，卷入Anyone should stay away from the working range to prevent hand, foot, hair and clothes from entangling the piledrivergear n: 齿轮，传动装置steering gear 转向装置gear less 无齿轮装置engine n 引擎发动机；机械工具器械engine lathe 普通车床leakage n: 漏渗漏泄露supercharge vt: 对~~增压，tighten v: 变紧绷紧拉紧拧紧eg: Will you tighten this screw of cylinders, they are very loose.high-pressured liquids 高压液体spray n: 喷雾飞溅vt: 喷射喷溅the spray of electrical sparkleweld vt 焊接n 焊接焊缝jointingfireproof adj: 耐火的放火的fireproof jacket 放火夹克vt: 使防水使耐火solvent n: 溶剂解决办法adj: 溶解的有溶解能力的incombustible adj: 不燃性的incombustible solvent 不可燃溶剂n: 不燃性物质rub out 把（记号，笔记）檫掉 rub out paint with abrasive papervolatilize v 挥发volatilize the paint of surfaceventilate vt 使通风给~~~装通风设备eg: paint removing should be operated at the ventilated outdoorflange n: 法兰边缘凸缘short circuit 短路shift n 移动位移v 替换转移check the machine before every shiftprecast vt 预浇制adj 预制的precast pile 预制桩mechanism n 机构机制装置the mechanism of pile pressing box 夹桩箱结构step-like moving mechanism 步履行走装置fluid drive mechanism液压传动机构piston n 活塞瓣the piston of pumpreel n （电线钢丝绳）卷轴the reel of ejector 升降机的卷轴valve n 阀活门clack valve 瓣阀rotary valve 回转阀hydraulic valve液压阀electromagnetic valve 电磁阀overflow valve 溢流阀ball valve 球阀pedal valve 脚踏阀grease n 黄油vt:涂脂于eg You put grease on a wheel to make it turn more easily 把黄油涂在轮子上使它转起来更灵活一些voltage n 电压伏特数the normal voltage of industrial electrical is 380V current n 电流malfunction n 故障The piling work began after the malfunction of pile clamping box was disposed properlyhoist v 提升n 起重机卷扬机hoist the pile and put it into the pile pressing boxseal n 封印封条the seals of hydraulic cylinder for clamping are worn四：配件1 桩机附件screw螺丝thumb screw大头螺丝screw plug 头塞set screw 固定螺丝hexagon headed bolt 六角头螺栓inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉hexagon nut 六角螺帽nut 螺母flange gasket 法兰垫片flange bolt 法兰螺钉thread螺纹helix螺旋pin销spring弹簧coil spring弹簧dowel pin管钉dowel pin固定销cross 十字接头locking block 定位块oil pressure gauge 油压表oil-filling plug 充油塞piston rod 活塞杆：2：装配工具jack 千斤顶kit 工具箱Pitchers 钳子pliers 铗钳spanner 扳手square 直角尺wrench 螺旋扳手Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子trailer=long vehicle拖板车hydraulic hand jack油压板车grinder 砂轮机hammer 铁锤electrode 电焊条fixture 夹具(治具)lathe车床3:装配方法screw 拧螺丝gas cutting.气割arc cutting电弧切割grind off 磨掉arc welding 电弧焊Scribbling 划线second out file 中纹锉Welding: 焊接Threading: 车缧纹Leveling：校平Alignment：对准,定位调整check against 检查, 核对Fixing：固定welded joint焊接缝焊接节点fasten锁紧(螺丝)to file burr 锉毛刺radius 半径。
cat hydraulic oil additive 原理
cat hydraulic oil additive 原理Cat（Caterpillar）液压油添加剂是专为Cat液压系统设计的一种特殊配方。
这些添加剂的目的是改善液压油的性能和保护液压系统。
以下是Cat液压油添加剂的一些可能原理：
1. 防磨剂：液压系统中的各种液压元件（例如泵、阀、缸等）在运动时可能会受到磨损。
添加防磨剂有助于减缓这种磨损，延长液压系统的寿命。
2. 防腐剂：液压系统中可能存在水分和其他污染物，这些有害物质可能导致腐蚀。
添加防腐剂可以减少对金属表面的腐蚀，保护液压系统的关键部件。
3. 清洁剂：液压油添加剂中可能包含清洁剂，用于清除系统内的沉积物和杂质。
这有助于维持液压油的清洁度，防止堵塞和损害系统。
4. 黏度改进剂：在不同的工作温度下，液压油的黏度可能会发生变化。
黏度改进剂可以帮助在广泛的温度范围内维持油的黏度，确保在不同条件下系统的正常运行。
5. 氧化稳定剂：液压系统中的油可能会受到氧化的影响，导致油的降解。
添加氧化稳定剂有助于延缓油的氧化过程，提高油的耐用性。
6. 抗泡剂：液压油中的气泡可能导致系统性能下降。
添加抗泡剂有助于减少或消除气泡，维持系统的顺畅运行。
需要注意的是，具体的Cat液压油添加剂的成分和原理可能会因产品型号和用途而有所不同。
建议在使用前查阅相关的产品手册或咨询Cat官方的技术支持以获取更详细和准确的信息。
工业润滑油分类
工业润滑油分类工业润滑油的分类Industrial Lubricants锭子油Spindle oil液压油Hydraulic oil食品级液压油l for the food industry涡轮油Turbine oil循环油Circulation oil传输油Transmission oil食品级传输油Transmission oil压缩机油Compressor oil冰箱压缩机油Refrigeration compressor oil碳氢气体压缩机油Hydrocarbon compressor oil过程油Process oil变压器油Transformer oil白油White oil传热油Heat transfer oil成型油Form oil防锈油Rust preventive oil气动工具油Air tool oil导轨油Way oil主轴油Cylinder oil链条油Chain oil食品级链条油Chain oil for the food industry锯条油Saw band oil各种工业油Various industrial oils工业润滑油的粘度指数粘度等级粘40 C运动度中值mm2/s 40 C 运动粘度，mm2/s 不低于不高于ISO VG 2222 19.8 24.2ISO VG 3232 28.8 35.2ISO VG 4646 41.4 50.6ISO VG 6868 61.2 74.8ISO VG 100100 90.0 110ISO VG 150150 135 165ISO VG 220220 198 242ISO VG 320320 288 352ISO VG 460460 414 506ISO VG 680680 612 748ISO VG 10001000 900 1100润滑油的分类(1) 根据基础油分类根据基础油分类， 益佰润滑油分为两种， 一种是采用矿物基础油， 并加上各有关的特效添 加剂调和而成 ;另一种是利用化学方法生产的合成油，这种油性能比矿物油更好，但价格也 昂贵一些。
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Castrol Hyspin AWS -46
Test Viscosity Index Air release, mins Foam, sequence 1 Demulsification , D 140, mins Rust test, IP 135A/B Pour Point, 0C Oxidative stability, ASTM D 943, hours to 2.0 mg KOH/g Four Ball Tests 1 hour wear @ 30kg, MWSD FZG - fail stage, A/8.3/90 Vane pump test, IP 281/104C total ring/ vane weight loss (mg) Result 95 <10 50/0 20 No rust -21 >1000 0.3 12 <100
Fluids
Importance of Hydraulic Oil
Hydraulic System Running Cost
5%
95%
Hydraulic Oil is <5% Total Cost
Importance of Hydraulic Oil
Hydraulic System Running Cost
Hydraulic Oil Applications
Machine tools Hydraulic presses Handling equipment Control systems Earthmoving equipment Hydraulic rams Robotics
Fluid types and selection
Castrol Hyspin ZZ
Background: Traditional Zinc containing products can cause filter blockage in wet conditions, due to metal precipitation. Leakage into cutting fluids can cause contamination and increase coolant disposal costs Zinc does impact the Environment during disposal
Castrol Hyspin ZZ
Benefits: Environmentally Friendly Suited to all pump types Can be used in ‘wet’ conditions Long life fluid Performance equals or betters conventional products Can replace conventional fluids without any system change or limitation
Modern Hydraulic Systems
Faster cycle times Smaller systems Higher pressures Higher temperatures Smaller tolerances Finer filtration Require
Advanced
Hydraulic
Castrol Hyspin AWH-M
Benefits: Optimum Machine Performance under varying operating temperatures Wide Range of Viscosity Long Fluid Life – Reduced Product Inventory Reduced Downtime – Increased Productivity
Hydraulic Oil
Functions of Hydraulic Oil
Muscle
Blood vessels
Liver
Heart
The Hydraulic System
Hydraulic Transmission
Hydraulic Oil
Filter System
Hydraulic Pump
Castrol Hyspin AWS
Benefits: Longer Oil Life – Increased Maintenance Intervals Reduced Wear – Extended Equipment Life High Rust/Corrosion Protection
Castrol Hyspin AWH-M
Castrol Hyspin AWS
Features: High Quality Mineral oils Good Anti-wear Properties Low Foaming High Thermal/Oxidatiion Stability Low Air Entrainment Good Water Tolerance and Demulsification.
Castrol Advanced Hydraulic Fluids
Products A wide range covering all requirements Advanced formulations for modern system Services Excellent availability and delivery service Technical Service and Backup from Castrol Staff Oil Condition Monitoring
Castrol Hyspin Hydraulic Oils
Very high performance non-zinc hydraulic oils. Ideal for repetitive cycle applications such as injection moulders Premium quality mineral based hydraulic oils. Outstanding performance covering the majority of applications Shear stable, high V.I. premium mineral hydraulic oils offer consistent performance over wide temperature range
Castrol Hyspin ZZ
Features: Highly refined Mineral base oil Zinc Free Additive Package Good Anti-Wear Performance Excellent Filterability Excellent Water Separation Good Thermal Stability Meets Major Hydraulic Manufacturers’ Requirements
Anvol WG
Anvol PE
Water Glycol Fire Resistant Fluids Synthetic Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
Castrol Hydraulic Fluids
Key OEM Approvals Plus: DIN 51524 Pt 2 U.S. Steel 127 Cincinnati Milacron P68, P69, P70 Denison HFO & HF 2
Features Quality mineral base oil Zinc based additive system Good Anti-Wear performance Multigrade Extremely Shear Stable Meets Major Hydraulic manufacturers specifications
Hydraulic Oil
Functions of Hydraulic Oil
Lubricate pump Transmit power
Protecebris and contamination
Transport heat
Protect against corrosion
Castrol Hyspin AWH-M
Test Viscosity Index Air release, mins Foam, sequence 1 Demulsification , D 140, mins Rust test, IP 135A/B Pour Point, 0C Shear stability, DIN 51382, % viscosity decrease at 40C, 250 cycles Oxidative stability, ASTM D 943, hours to 2.0 mg KOH/g Four Ball Tests 1 hour wear @ 30kg, MWSD FZG - fail stage, A/8.3/90 Vane pump test, IP 281,104C total ring/ vane weight loss (mg) Result 150 10 50/0 20 No rust -39 1.5 >1000 0.35 12 <50
Cost effective
solution
ISO Viscosity Classification
ISO Viscosity Grade ISO VG 2 ISO VG 3 ISO VG 5 ISO VG 7 ISO VG 10 ISO VG 15 ISO VG 22 ISO VG 32 ISO VG 46 ISO VG 68 ISO VG 100 ISO VG 150 ISO VG 220 ISO VG 320 ISO VG 460 ISO VG 680 ISO VG 1000 Minimum Viscosity 1.98 2.88 4.14 6.12 9 13.5 19.8 28.8 41.4 61.2 90 135 198 288 414 612 900 Mid-point Viscosity 2.2 3.2 4.6 6.8 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000 Maximum Viscosity 2.42 3.52 5.06 7.48 11 16.5 24.2 35.2 50.6 74.8 110 165 242 352 506 748 1100