英语翻译基础2011
2011综合性大学翻译硕士考试英语翻译基础英汉短语互译
英汉互译—综合性大学北京大学HDTV high-definition TV)高清晰度电视CPU (=central processing unit) 中央处理器CBS 中央统计局(=Central Bureau of Statistics)reciprocal banquet 答谢宴会pop concert 流行音乐会black tea 红茶Red-hot news 最新消息sanitary ware 卫生器具talk show 访谈节目，脱口秀illegal assembly 非法集会WHO 世界卫生组织Business loan 工商业贷款liberal education 文科教育，普通教育Monetary restraint 紧缩银根Triple crown 三重冠Byzantine Empire 拜占庭帝国CNN美国有线新闻网(=cable news network)Net speak 网络用语中央情报局CIA Central Intelligence Agency联邦调查局FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation餐馆勤杂工busboy军事法庭court-martial新手jackeroo核裁军nuclear disarmament杀人未遂an attempted murder主题公园theme park习惯法common law破产申请bankruptcy petition经济指标economic indicator学费减免Tuition-Waiver半决赛semifinals百老汇大街broadway病毒清除程序virus scanner.桂冠诗人poet laureate艾滋病毒AIDS 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 应用语言学applied linguistics国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund (IMF)爵士摇滚Jazz Rock入境签证entry visa美国联邦储备银行federal reserve bank复旦大学CPI消费物价指数the Consumer Price IndexPPI生产者物价指数Produce Price IndexGNP 国民生产总值Gross National ProductSOHO 家庭办公Small Office, Home Officedesertification（土壤）荒漠化；沙漠化catch-22第22条军规,互相抵触之规律或条件所造成的无法脱身的困窘；不合逻辑的或矛盾的问题non-proliferation不扩散Cyberspace 网络空间industrial dispute劳资纠纷；产业纠纷installment payment 分期付款swan‟s song 辞别表演town-gown community (英国牛津和剑桥地区中的)学者与市民Sudan red dye 1 苏丹红1号catch-22 第二十二条军规; 不可逾越的障碍；令人左右为难的规定Babel巴别塔wet blanket扫兴的人或物; 煞风景者八宝粥eight-treasure porridge三通three direct links of trade, mail, and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits暗箱操作black case work信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance讨债公司debt-collection company双赢win-win安乐死euthanasia载人空间站manned spacestation试管婴儿tube baby试婚trial marriage闭路电视CCTV(closed circuit television)收视率audience rating票房(售票处) box office物联网Internet of Things浙江大学punch冲子| 穿孔| 冲头| 冲床spinster老处女| 未婚女人| 单指未婚女性| 未婚女子defendant被告lump-sum contract工程总承包合同economic giant 经济大国sex worker 性工作者港龙航空Hong Kong Dragon Airlines中国国际航空公司Air China International Corp中国人民广播电台CNR(China National Radio)保税工厂tariff factory/BF(bonded factory)进口税import duty | import tax美食家gourmet东汉the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220)吐鲁番市Turpan道家Taoism南京大学WHO 世界卫生组织CBD中央商务区(CBD center business district)交易前付款(=cash before delivery)IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)UNESCO联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization）科技下乡bringing science and technology to the countryside老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise学分制credit systemI-STEEL 工字型钢武汉大学APEC 亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）CAT 汽化器空气温度（Carburetor Air Temperature）; 计算机辅助翻译(Computer Aided Translation)NATO 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）FITGPS 全球定位系统（Global Position System）IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)Subtitling 加副标题| 字幕翻译Morse code 莫尔斯电报电码translation studies 翻译研究| 翻译学| 译学研究Jerusalem 耶路撒冷（巴勒斯坦中部城市）General Assembly 联合国大会Gallup poll 盖洛普民意测验money order 汇票| 汇款单| 现金支票| 邮政汇票think-aloud protocols 声思考| 出声思维报告| 宣泄法测试| 声思维法translation norms 翻译规范双赢win-win三国the Three Kingdoms直译[计] literal translation transliteration ;[语] word-for-word translation信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance民族政策policy on ethnic affairs科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development节约型社会conservation-minded/oriented society节能减排Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction次贷危机subprime mortgage/lending crisis服务性政府service-oriented government打黄扫非Eliminate pornography and illegal publications灾害救助系统disaster relief system和谐社会harmonious society职业翻译full-time translator国际关系民主化democratization of international relations武汉大学dynamic equivalence 动态对等UNCF 联合国儿童基金会(United Nations Children's Fund)UNESCO联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization）ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）langua franca 通用语即席翻译unseen translation稀土rare earth持续发展sustainable development宏观调控macro-control异化翻译法（异化法）Foreignizing Translation or Minoritizing Translation归化翻译法（归化法）Domesticating Translation or DomesticationGMT 格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）全面战略伙伴合作关系comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership西部大开发China Western Development论语The Analects of Confucius营销人员marketerCBD 交货前付款（Cash Before Delivery）；业务中心地区（Central Business District）head-hunting company 猎头公司雪碧Spriteself-serving ticket 自助售票中山大学CIF=Cost，Insurance and Freight 到岸价格，成本、运费加保险价Dow Jones Industrial Average道琼斯工业指数the Rencradle of human civilization 人类文明的摇篮due diligence 应尽职责，应有的审慎time to market 上市时间deforestation 滥伐森林proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器扩散alternative energy 替代能源corporate govern 法人治理corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任Renaissance文艺复兴Meteor storm流星雨intangible asset无形资产insurance policy保险单immune system disorders免疫系统机能丧失exchange rate汇率fiscal deficit财政赤字silicon valley硅谷brain drain人才外流oedipus complex俄狄浦斯情结（儿童对异性生身亲长的性慾望, 对同性生身亲长的忌妒）; （女）恋父。
2011年5月英语翻译三级笔译真题及答案
会场来替代该遗址破旧的游客中心并且要封闭一条沿着这座五千年
之久的遗址伸展着的繁忙街道。为紧缩预算英国政府要在项目资金
上立即撤回1000万英镑或者1600万美元。
Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle
the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the
lawmakers say.
巨石柱群曾是一座圣堂内有巨大的石板围成的一个圈来表示太
阳的运行轨迹它首当其冲成为政府缩减开支的突出对象。当地立法
者激烈批判了该项决议这是因为巨石柱群是联合国教科文组织评定
使得这一努力难以有收获。
Hunched over architectural renderings of the new center, Loraine
Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that
2011年5月英译汉
Stonehenge, England — The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge
stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the
that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument — had to be mothballed in
June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn 10 million, or
考研英语2011年 TEXT3 翻译
Text 3From：McKinsey Quarterly 《麦肯锡季刊》Beyond paid media: Marketing’s new vocabulary1---The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional ―paid‖ media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may, for example, create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ me dia by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. In fact, the way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.过去市场营销要取得成功的大概指导方针常常是投入多少，收获多少。
2011年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题答案
2011年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题答案Part I Terminology and Phrase TranslationSection One:一、博客，网络日志二、n.脸谱；美国一个流行的大学生网站；每个用户在Facebook上有自己的档案和个人页面；美国FACEBOOK是一只对高校学生开放的网站三、在Twitter网站上写信息→ Twitter logo，Twitter（中文称：推特）是国外的一个社交网络及微博客服务的网站。
它利用无线网络，有线网络，通信技术，进行即时通讯，是微博客的典型应用。
它允许用户将自己的最新动态和想法以短信形式发送给手机和个性化网站群，而不仅仅是发送给个人。
四、[人名] 布隆伯格五、博弈论，对策论：具有竞争或对抗性质的行为称为博弈行为。
在这类行为中，参加斗争或竞争的各方各自具有不同的目标或利益。
为了达到各自的目标和利益，各方必须考虑对手的各种可能的行动方案，并力图选取对自己最为有利或最为合理的方案。
比如日常生活中的下棋，打牌等。
博弈论就是研究博弈行为中斗争各方是否存在着最合理的行为方案，以及如何找到这个合理的行为方案的数学理论和方法。
六、黄页(电话)查号簿(美国按行业、职业分类的部分常用黄色纸) Noun a telephone directory or section of a directory (usually printed on yellow paper) where business products and services are listed alphabetically by field along with classified advertising/N-UNCOUNT 黄页;电话号码簿（Compare 比较White Pages.）Yellow Pages is a book that contains advertisements and telephone numbers for businesses and organizations in a particular area, grouped according to the type of business they do.White pages: 关于用户信息的数据库七、私募股权；私人股本八、an excess of imports over exports九、n.提货单十、第三产业Section Two1.hire purchase: HP; payment by installments2.Talent show3.sub-prime crisis4.The North Korean nuclear conference5.the wealth of nations6.[财]revenue stamp；[财]stamp duty；[财]stamp tax；[法]stamp tax duty7.<名>Economical Housing. - Housing sold at low prices to low-income earners to get them affordable shelters.；economical and practical property8.energy-saving and emission-reduction9.people oriented；people foremost10.The Protestant EthicSection Three1. abbr.Association of Southeast Asian Nations (东南亚国家联盟(东盟))2. 计算机辅助翻译computer aided translation。
2011北京大学MTI翻译硕士英汉互译
2011 北大翻译硕士英汉翻译基础试题一词语翻译英译汉1.reciprocal banquet2.pop concert3.black tea4.Red-hot news5.sanitary ware6.talk show7.Illegal assembly8.WHO9.Business loan10.liberal education11.Monetary restraint12.Triple crown13.Byzantine Empire14.CNN15.Net speak（PS：在这里我要提醒大家了，各个学校的真题都有帮助的，比如这次就考了很多10年其他学校的很多原题……）汉译英1.中央情报局2.餐馆勤杂工3.军事法庭4.新手5.核裁军6.杀人未遂7.主题公园8.习惯法9.破产申请10.经济指标11.学费减免12.半决赛13.百老汇大街14.病毒清除程序15.桂冠诗人二.语篇翻译汉译英：西洋的大诗人很多，第一个介绍到中国来的偏偏是郎费罗。
郎费罗的好诗或较好的诗也不少，第一首译为中文的偏偏是《人生颂》。
那可算是文学交流史对文学教授和评论家们的小小嘲讽或挑衅了！历史上很多——现在就也不少——这种不很合理的事例，更确切地说，很不合学者们的理想和理论的事例。
这些都显示休谟所指出的，“是这样”(is)和“应该怎样”(Ought)两者合不拢。
在历史过程中，事物的发生和发展往往跟我们闹别扭，恶作剧，推翻了我们定下的铁案，涂抹了我们画出的蓝图，给我们的不透风、不漏水严密理论系统搠上大大小小的窟窿。
”通常说“历史的教训”，仿佛历史只是严厉正经的上级领导老师；其实历史也像淘气捣乱的小孩子，爱开玩笑，捉弄人。
英译汉One day, in the autumn of 1845, I accidentally lighted on a MS. volume of verse in my sister Emily's handwriting. Of course, I was not surprised, knowing that she could and did write verse: I looked it over, and something more than surprise seized me--a deep conviction that these were not common effusions, nor at all like the poetry women generally write. I thought them condensed and terse, vigorous and genuine. To my ear they had also a peculiar music--wild, melancholy, and elevating.My sister Emily was not a person of demonstrative character, nor one on the recesses of whose mind and feelings even those nearest and dearest to her could, with impunity, intrude unlicensed; it took hours to reconcile her to the discovery I had made, and days to persuade her that such poems merited publication. I knew, however, that a mind like hers could not be without some latent spark of honourable ambition, and refused to be discouraged in my attempts to fan that spark to flame.Meantime, my younger sister quietly produced some of her own compositions, intimating that, since Emily's had given me pleasure, I might like to look at hers. I could not but be a partial judge, yet I thought that these verses, too, had a sweet, sincere pathos of their own.We had very early cherished the dream of one day becoming authors. This dream, never relinquished even when distance divided and absorbing tasks occupied us, now suddenly acquired strength and consistency: it took the character of a resolve. We agreed to arrange a small selection of our poems, and, if possible, to get them printed. Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our own names under those of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell; the ambiguous choice being dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because--without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what is called 'feminine'--we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice;分享谢腾达谢腾达的分享当前分享返回分享首页»分享英语就得说得这么native来源：高翔的日志1．I wasn't born yesterday.（我又不是三岁小孩)2．How do I address you?（我怎么称呼你)3．She turns me off.（她使我厌烦。
考研英语2011年 TEXT 1翻译
1---The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.2009年纽约交响乐团突然决定雇佣Alan Gilbert作为它的下任音乐指挥，这一直成为了经典音乐界的话题。
大多数的反应至少是支持的。
连不苟言笑的Anthony Tommasini也写到：万岁！结束！hooray[hu5rei]（=hurrah）int.万岁!n.万岁v.万岁sober-sided[不苟言笑的人；镇定不乱的人]to say the least 至少可以说...to say the least 最起码philharmonic [filB:5mCnik] adj. 爱好音乐的n. 交响乐团2---One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious（隐性猜词题）musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.但是，聘任来得如此突然的原因之一是Gilbert不怎么出名。
考研英语2011年 TEXT4 翻译
Text 4出处：/2010/07/09/not-on-board-with-baby.html1---It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, ―I love My Children, I Hate My Life,‖ is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that ―the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.‖毋庸置疑，Jennifer Senior撰写的―我爱我的孩子，但我讨厌我的生活‖是一篇挑衅的同时又有深度的杂志封面文章。
2011年对外经贸大学英语翻译基础真题答案
2011年对外经贸大学英语翻译基础真题答案I. 1.blog 博客a shared on-line journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies2. facebook 脸谱网；脸书 (社交网络服务网站)3.twitter 推特网（一个社交网络及微博客服务的网站。
它利用无线网络，有线网络，通信技术，进行即时通讯，是微博客的典型应用。
）4. Bloomberg 彭博社（全球最大的财经咨询公司，集新闻，数据分析为一体）5. game theory 博弈论（二人在平等的对局中各自利用对方的策略变换自己的对抗策略，达到取胜的目的。
）6. yellow pages（电话簿中刊载公司、厂商电话的）黄页7. private equity 私募股权（对非上市企业投资）8. trade deficit贸易赤字，贸易逆差，入超9. bill of lading 提单10. tertiary industry第三产业，三产，服务业II. 1. 分期付款 pay by installments2. 达人秀 got talent《中国达人秀》（英语：China's Got Talent）是中国东方卫视制作的一款真人秀节目，旨在实现身怀绝技的普通人的梦想。
3. 次贷危机：美国次贷危机（subprime crisis）又称次级房贷危机，也译为次债危机。
它是指一场发生在美国，因次级抵押贷款机构破产、投资基金被迫关闭、股市剧烈震荡引起的金融风暴。
4. 朝核会议six-party talk on North Korea nuclear issue5. 《国富论》The Wealth of Nations苏格兰经济学家、哲学家亚当·斯密的一本经济学专著。
这本专著的全名为《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》（An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations）。
考研英语2011年 TEXT2 翻译
1---When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.当Liam McGee八月份辞去美国银行总裁一职时，他给出的解释出乎意料的真实直率。
他没有用通常的模糊的借口来掩盖自己的退出，他直接说他离开的原因是要追求自己的开公司的（人生）目标。
公开宣传自己的理想是“很大程度上是我自己的决定”，McGee在辞职不到两周后，和美国哈特福德金融服务公司第一次面谈时这么说道。
该公司于9月29日任命他为首席执行官和公司主席。
straight up adv （用于提问和回答问题）直率地，真实地cloak [klEuk] n. 斗蓬, 掩护vt. 掩盖；掩饰；覆盖，以…为藉口Hartford Financial Services美国哈特福德金融服务公司2---McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.McGee说没有找到下家就辞职给了他时间去思考他想去经营什么类型的公司。
2011年英语一真题翻译
2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”。
尽管有些相反的意见，但笑可能对身体健康影响极小。
笑确实能对心脏和血管产生短期的改变，笑能够促进心律呼吸速率。
但是因为大笑很难持续，一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生很大的益处。
实际上，其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了相反的作用，二十世纪三十年代的一项研究表明笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45分钟内会降低肌肉张力。
这样的身体放松可能会帮助减轻心理紧张状态的影响。
笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的身体上的反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。
根据一个经典的情绪理论，我们的感觉部分根源于身体上的反映。
十九世纪末人们便争论这一说法：人们不会因为他们伤心而哭，但当开始流泪时他们才变得伤心。
尽管悲伤能产生眼泪，证据显示情绪是肌肉反应的结果。
1988年德国乌子堡大学的社会心理学家做了一个实验，他让志愿者用牙咬住一支笔做出假笑，或者用嘴含住一支笔，这个动作会让人产生一种失望的表情。
那些被强制锻炼笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皱着表情失望的人在观看有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富，这暗示了表情可能会影响情绪，而不只是反过来情绪会影响表情。
同样，笑这一生理行为可以改善心情。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。
别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。
“好啊，终于好了！” Anthony Tommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。
但是，这个任命之所以引起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。
甚至在时代杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称其为“低调的音乐家，在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质。
2011年翻译硕士英语翻译基础和汉语写作与百科知识
英语翻译基础汉译英：1．2010年上海世博会2010 ShanghaiWorldExpo2. 突发公共卫生事件public health emergencies3. 社保体系social security system4. 科学发展观the scientific concept of development，science-based development5. 交通银行Bank of Communications6. 孔子学院Confucius Institute7. 产业结构调整和优化re-adjust and optimize the industrial structure8. 积极的财政政策proactive [prəu'æktiv] fiscal policy9. 双赢Win-win，win-win situation10. 职业教育vocational education11. 市场准入market access12. 独立自主和平开放政策Independent policy of peace and open13. 国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources14. 再生纸recycled writing paper15. 局域网local area network (LAN)英译汉：1. carpet smoking ban全面禁烟令2. most-favored –nation treatment MFN3. airbus空中巴士4. The Hang Seng Index5. Dairy Queen DQ冰淇淋,奶品皇后6. The Date protection act 数据保护法案7. the u.s Department of justice美国司法部8. Family Income Support家庭收入支持9. Trophy Child模范儿童10 . Per capital income人均收入11. Shaw Nature Reserve肖自然保护区12. anti-dumping duty反倾销进口税13. high-voltage electric appliance高压电器14. operating expenses营业费用15. APEC亚洲太平洋经济合作组织(=Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)二英译汉文章1 G20峰会 2. Prime Minister David Camerson汉译英1 丝绸之路the Silk Road2 深圳市Shenzhen Municipality汉语写作与百科知识名词解释：1. 兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐。
2011考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2011 Text 1Paragraph 11、The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. 纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。
1.1 hire英/'haɪə/ n. 雇用，租用；租金，工钱vt. 雇用；出租vi. 雇用，租用；受雇2、For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. 别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。
"好啊，终于好了！" Anthony Tommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。
2.1 to say the least退一步说，退一步说，最起码，至少可以说2.2 sober英/'səʊbə/ 美/'sobɚ/adj. 冷静的，清醒的；未醉的vt. 使严肃；使醒酒，使清醒Paragraph 21、One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. 但是，这个任命之所以一起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。
2011年11月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案
2011年11月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案第一部分英译汉试题一Study Finds Hope in Saving Saltwater FishCan we have our fish and eat it too? An unusual collaboration of marine ecologists and fisheries management scientists says the answer may be yes.In a research paper in Friday‟s issue of the journal Science, the two groups, long at odds with each other, offer a global assessment of the world‟s saltwater fish and their environments.Their conclusions are at once gloomy — overfishing continues to threaten many species — and upbeat: a combination of steps can turn things around. But because antagonism between ecologists and fisheries management experts has been intense, many familiar with the study say the most important factor is that it was done at all.They say they hope the study will inspire similar collaborations between scientists whose focus is safely exploiting specific natural resources and those interested mainly in conserving them.“We need to merge those two communities,” said Steve Murawski, chief fis heries scientist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “This paper starts to bridge that gap.”The collaboration began in 2006 when Boris Worm, a marine ecologist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and other scientists made an alarming prediction: if current trends continue, by 2048 overfishing will have destroyed most commercially important populations of saltwater fish. Ecologists applauded the work. But among fisheries management scientists, reactions ranged from skepticism to fury over what many called an alarmist report.Among the most prominent critics was Ray Hilborn, a professor of aquatic and fishery sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle. Yet the disagreement did not play out in typical scientific fashion wi th, as Dr. Hilborn put it, “researchers firing critical papers back and forth.” Instead, he and Dr. Worm found themselves debating the issue on National Public Radio.“We started talking and found more common ground than we had expected,” Dr. Worm said. D r. Hilborn recalled thinking that Dr. Worm “actually seemed like a reasonable person.”The two decided to work together on the issue. They sought and received financing and began organizing workshops at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, an organization sponsored by the National Science Foundation and based at the University of California, Santa Barbara.At first, Dr. Hilborn said in an interview, “the fisheries management people would go to lunch and the marine ecologists would go to lunch” — separately. But soon they were collecting and sharing data and recruiting more colleagues to analyze it.Dr. Hilborn said he and Dr. Worm now understood why the ecologists and the management scientists disagreed so sharply in the first place. For one thing, he said, as long as a fish species was sustaining itself, management scientists were relatively untroubled if its abundance fell to only 40 or 50 percent of what it might otherwise be. Yet to ecologists, he said, such a stock would be chara cterized as “depleted” —“a very pejorative word.”In the end, the scientists concluded that 63 percent of saltwater fish stocks had been depleted “below what we think of as a target range,” Dr. Worm said.But they also agreed that fish in well-managed areas, including the United States, were recovering or doing well. They wrote that management techniques like closing some areas to fishing, restricting the use of certain fishing gear or allocating shares of the catch to individualfishermen, communities or others could allow depleted fish stocks to rebound.The researchers suggest that a calculation of how many fish in a given species can be caught in a given region without threatening the stock, called maximum sustainable yield, is less useful than a standard that takes into account the health of the wider marine environment. They also agreed that solutions did not lie only in management techniques but also in the political will to apply them, even if they initially caused economic disruption.Because the new paper represents the views of both camps, its conclusions are likely to be influential, Dr. Murawski said. “Getting a strong statement from those communities that there is more to agree on than to disagree on builds confidence,” he said.At a news conference on Wednesday, Dr. Worm said he hoped to be alive in 2048, when he would turn 79. If he is, he said, “I will be hosting a seafood party —at least I hope so.”参考译文：渔业发展能否做到“鱼与熊掌”兼得?海洋生态学家与渔业管理学家之间进行的非同寻常的合作表明，二者或可兼得。
2011考研英语阅读翻译(正文+选项)
2011 Text 12009年纽约交响乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert担任下一任音乐指挥，这是自从突然宣布他的任命以来古典派音乐界一直谈论的话题。
大体上说，这种反应至少可以说是称赞性的。
连严肃认真的古典音乐评论家Anthony Tommasini 也写道，“很好哇！终于有结果啦！”然而，这次任命出人意料的原因之一是Gilbert相对来说，知名度不大。
甚至连在《时代》周刊上支持对Gilbert任命的Tommasini都把他称作为“一位不张扬的音乐家，他没有音乐指挥家那种令人生畏的傲气”。
作为对至今一直由Mahler和Pierre这样的音乐家指挥过的乐队的下一任音乐指挥的描述，上述说法似乎很可能使得至少一些《时代》的读者认为是一种菲薄的赞扬。
至于我，我不知道Gilbert是否是一位很棒的指挥家或者甚至是一位优秀的指挥家。
确实，他指挥了许多感人肺腑的、引人入胜的乐曲。
而我就不必访问Avery Fisher Hall，或者到任何其他地方去听令人感兴趣的管弦乐。
我要做的一切就是去我的CD架处，或打开我的计算机并从iTunes下载更多的录制的音乐。
那些听音乐会的发烧友回答说，录音音乐无法替代实况表演，但他们说错了。
就热爱艺术的公众的时间、精力和财力而论，古典乐器演奏家们必须不仅与歌剧院、舞蹈文工团、戏剧公司和博物馆竞争，而且与20世纪的伟大古典音乐家的录音表演竞争。
这些录音唱片廉价、随处可以买到，而且常常在艺术质量上比当今的实况表演高得多；此外，听者可以在任意选择的时间和地点来“消费享受”这些音乐唱片。
而且到处都能买到，因而造成了传统古典音乐会的体制危机。
一个可能的应对办法是，古典音乐表演家去设计有魅力的新的音乐，而这种音乐还没有被录制成唱片，所以买不到。
Gilbert 自己对新音乐的兴趣一直得到大家广泛的注意：古典音乐评论家Alex Ross认为他是一位能夠把纽约交响乐团转变成“一个明显不同的、更有生气的组织”。
2011年博联兄英语基础和翻译能力测试
二、文章改错 20 分 Eye behavior, involving varieties of eye-contact, can give subtle messages which people pick up in their daily life.Warm looks or cold stares tell more than words can. Meeting or failing to meet another person's eye produce a particular__1__ effect. When two American look searchingly at each other's __2__ eye, emotions are heightened and the relationship becomes closer. However, Americans are careful about where and __3__ when to meet other's eye. In our normal conversation, each eye-contact lasts only a few seconds before one or both individuals look away, because the longer meeting of the eyes is rare, and, after it happens, can generate a special kind of __4__ human-to-human awareness. For instance, by simply using his eyes, a man can make a woman aware of him comfortably or uncomfortably; a long and steady gaze from a policeman or judge intimidates accursed. In the US proper street behavior requires__5__ a nice balance of attention and inattention. You are supposed to look at a passer-by just enough to show that you are being aware __6__ of his presence. If you look too little, you appear haughty; too much, inquisitive. Much eye behavior is such subtle that our __7__ reaction to it is largely instinctive. Besides, the codes of eye behavior vary dramatically from one culture to other. In the __8__ Middle East, it is impolite to look at the other person all the time during a conversation; in England, the polite listener fixes the speaker with an inattentive stare and blinks eyes occasionally__9__
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试题编号： 357 试题名称： 英语翻译基础
（共 2 页）
适用专业：
翻译硕士（专业学位）
说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
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三、将下列段落译为汉语（60 分） 1. In no other country is the public as aware of or as interested in what the WTO is and what it means for their future. In China, countless numbers of books and articles have been published, and numerous television and radio programs aired, on this subject. Just type in the words “China and the WTO” on any Internet search engine and you will find hundreds of websites devoted to this topic. In the WTO, China has shown a desire to play a significant role in shaping the future direction of the organization and to ensure success in the Doha Round. And we need China to play this role, and support the efforts to put the Round back on track, by helping to build a bridge that will serve the ambitions of both the developing and the developed w） micro-blog Intellectual Property Rights extreme weather events Non-governmental organization Millennium Development Goals Kyoto Protocol knowledge-based economy regulatory regime energy structure moon probe climate change mitigation and adaptation bull/bear market APEC WHO IMF 二、将下列词语译为英语（15 分） 小康社会 灰色收入 节能减排 猪流感 经济全球化 有毒奶粉 可再生能源 保障性住房 黄金周 贸易自由化 综合国力 财政政策 经济刺激一揽子计划 负增长 人口老龄化
2. It is impossible for any country to prosper today under the burden of an inefficient and expensive service infrastructure. Producers and exporters of any product will not be competitive without access to efficient banking, insurance, accountancy, telecoms and transport systems. China’s financial services sector, in particular, has a huge potential to expand and to provide key services to companies and consumers. Without the spur of competition they are unlikely to excel in this role and this will be the detriment of overall economic efficiency and growth. China’s services sector also needs to obtain the know-how and technology applied in services industries in more developed countries. China has, so far, played an active role in the services negotiations. It needs to maintain this constructive approach and help convince other developing country members to be more active in the services negotiations.
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四、将下列短文译为英语（60 分） 我在查经班（Bible Class）里曾经闹过一个笑话，这个笑话对于我以后学英语应注意的
地方，是十分有用的。那天我们上课时，天忽然乌云四合，不久便下了瓢泼大雨。我当时正 在学副词，只记了个副词可以形容动词。于是我说：It’s raining hardly。这时候埃德加小姐 （Miss Edgar）便说：It’s raining hard。可是第一次我还没有听明白，再说一句 It’s raining hardly。埃德加小姐严肃地看了我一眼，又说一句 It’s raining hard。我猛然感觉到自己一定 把 hardly 这个字用错了，但还不知道错在哪里。下课后埃德加温和地对我说，读书时要勤 查字典，明白各个字的不同变化。这个故事给我的教训颇为深刻，导致我以后勤查字典的习 惯。事情已经过去半个多世纪，但这个教训还深深埋在我的记忆里。