中考英语人教八下U3—4语法聚焦和练习及答案 (4)

中考英语人教八下U3—4语法聚焦和练习及答案

中考英语人教八下U3—4语法聚焦和练习及答案

一、阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

①Some days, don’t you think, “Wouldn’t it be nice if the clothes just washed itself?” Self-cleaning clothes may sound crazy. But Australian researchers have found a way to make something like this possible!

②A team at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, found a way to put special nanostructures (纳米结构) into clothing, which can then clean the clothes. When sunlight hits the nanostructures, they break down the dirt and marks that don’t belong on your clothes.

③The nanostructures don’t break down the real clothing because cotton and the other clothing materials are too strong to break down. According to CNN, the researchers cover the clothing in a solution made of silver and copper(铜) nanostructures. All it takes is 40 minutes of sunlight and your clothes will look as good as new.

④So if you spill on yourself during lunch, you can step outside for a walk, and it will be clean by the time you go inside. It not only makes your life easier, but it can also be good for the environment.

⑤According to the US Department of Energy, washing a piece of clothing uses about 25 gallons of water. Water is a very important resource, so using less of it to wash clothes is better for the environment. But one of the scientists at RMIT University knows more needs to be done.

⑥“There’s more work to do before we can start throwing out our washing machines,” said Dr Rajesh Ramanathan, “but this is a strong foundation(基础).”So what’s the next step? Ramanathan wants to either start selling the solution by itself or asking clothing makers to

treat(处理) the clothing with the solution while clothes are being made.

1. According to the first three paragraphs, _____.

A. the self-cleaning clothes are easily worn out

B. the clothes will be covered with silver and copper after self-cleaning

C. people can use the self-cleaning clothes on rainy days

D. the nanostructures can break down dirt and marks on clothes

2. What does the underlined word “solution” in Paragraph 3 mea n?

A. 方案

B. 溶液

C. 水盆

D. 模型

3. What do Paragraphs 4 & 5 talk about?

A. How the self-cleaning clothes are made.

B. How the self-cleaning clothes work.

C. What advantages the self-cleaning clothes have.

D. What helps the self-cleaning clothes work.

4. From the passage, we learn that _____.

A. it’s time to throw out our washing machines

B. the solution sells well

C. clothing makers like the solution

D. the solution is not on sale yet

5. We might read the above passage in ________.

A. a fashion book

B. a guide book

C. a science magazine

D. a newspaper advertisement.

参考答案1—5、DBCDC

二、教材语法聚焦

1. 情态动词could的用法(八下Unit 3)

【基本用法】

could表礼貌请求和允许。

【教材例句】

1. —Could we get something to drink after the movie? 看完电影后我们能喝点东西吗？—No, you can't. You have a basketball game tomorrow. 不，你们不能。明天你们有一场篮球赛。

2. —Could I go out for dinner with my friends? 我可以和朋友一起出去吃饭吗？

—Sure, that should be OK. 当然，那应该没问题。

【即学即练】

()1. —I forgot to bring my dictionary today. Could I use yours?

—Yes, you______.

A. could

B. can

C. should

D. must

()2. —Could you please pass me the pen?

—______.

A. Yes, I could

B. No, I couldn't

C. Sure. Here you are

D. No, that's no problem

2. Why don't you...？等提建议的句型及答语(八下Unit 4)

【基本用法】

why don't you 表示建议时，相当于why not，两者后面都接动词原形。

【教材例句】

1. Why don't you go to sleep earlier this evening? 今天晚上你为什么不早点睡呢？

2. You should call him so that you can say you're sorry. 你应该给他打电话，这样你就能说你很抱歉。

【即学即练】

()3. —I don't know where to go this summer vacation.

—Why don't you______visiting Jingzhou? There are many places of interest.

A. consider

B. to consider

C. considering

D. considered

()4. —Why not play basketball now?

—______.

A. It doesn't matter

B. Thank you

C. Sorry to hear that

D. Sounds great

3. 连词until, so that, although引导的状语从句(八下Unit 4)

【基本用法】

until“直到……时”，so that“为的是；以便”，although“虽然”。

【教材例句】

1. I'm really tired because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累，因为昨晚一直学习到深夜。

2. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry. 他应该跟他的朋友谈谈，以便他可以说他很抱歉。

3. Although she's wrong, it's not a big deal. 虽然她错了，但没什么大不了的。

【即学即练】

()5. Jenny didn't go to bed______ her mother came home last night.

A. as soon as

B. if

C. while

D. until

()6. She bought a digital camera online______ she would save a lot of time.

A. such that

B. so that

C. as soon as

D. no matter

()7. ______he is a little child, he knows a lot.

A. Unless

B. Since

C. Although

D. Until

参考答案：1～5 B C A D D6～7 B C

三、完形填空。

Growing up is not always easy. When we face difficulties, a spirit of depending on _ 1 is more useful than crying for help. That’s what Hong Zhanhui’s story of growing from boy to

man 2 family hardship tells us.

Hong was born in 1982 in a poor family in Xihua County(县), Henan Province. When he was only 11, his father became badly ill and one day he came back with an unwanted baby 3 . A year

la ter, Hong’s mother 4 home. She no longer wanted to live such a poor life and face her sick husband. So everything hard fell onto the young boy’s 5 : to take care of his father and the younger sister Chenchen, and to go on to study.

Although his li fe was hard, Hong didn’t go away from his father and sister. He took several part-time jobs to 6 his family. He climbed tall trees to get birds’ eggs for his sister. He walked 2 hours at weekends to the market to 7 different things to sell around his school. A few years later, he studied at a college. To take care of Chenchen, he worked hard to 8 a room near his college for her, and sent her to school.

After Hong’s story went 9 , he became a hero in people’s eyes. But Hong ___10___ offers from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. Through his hard life, he has grown up from boy to man.

( )1. A. parents B. friends C. yourself D. God

( )2. A. out of B. into C. without D. with

( )3. A. dog B. cat C. girl D. boy

( )4. A. left B. arrived C. went D. came

( )5. A. back B. shoulders C. head D. body

( )6. A. help B. save C. protect D. feed

( )7. A. make B. buy C. produce D. collect

( )8. A. build B. borrow C. rent D. share

( )9. A. public B. clear C. by D. far

( )1 0. A. accepted B. asked C. received D. refused

【答案详解】1-5 CDCAB 6-10 DDCAD

1.【解析】选C。句意理解题。depend on “依靠”，后面一句That’s what Hong Zhanhui’s story，那就是洪战辉的故事，以及下文的叙述，我们可知是依靠自己，故选C。

2.【解析】选D。句意理解题。根据句意：那就是洪战辉从一个男孩到一个男人具有艰苦的家庭生活所告诉我们的成长故事；with family hardship在句子中作伴随状语。故选D。

3.【解析】选C。语境理解题。依据下文可知：洪战辉领回的是一名女婴。故选C。

4.【解析】选C。推理判断题。依据下文可知他的母亲离开了这个家，所以用left。故选C。

5.【解析】选B。语境理解题。由下文照顾他的父亲和小妹妹晨晨，并且继续学习。所以前面说的一切艰难都落在了这个年轻人的肩上。故选B。

6.【解析】选D。语意理解题。从段首句：尽管生活困难，他没有离开父亲和妹妹。他找了几份兼职的工作去养活他的家人。由此句句意可知，故选D。

7.【解析】选A。语意理解题。根据句意：在周末他步行两小时去市场，尝试在学校附近卖不同的东西。注意此句中make的含义：是“尝试”而不是“制造”，故选A。

8.【解析】选C。推理判断题。依据上句To take care of Chenchen, he worked hard 为了照顾晨晨他努力工作在学校附近租了一间房子，build 建造；borrow 借；share 分享；都不符合题意，故选C。

9.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由下文he became a hero in people’s eyes.他变成了人们眼中的英雄，所以上一句应该是洪的故事公之于众之后。go public 公之于众，故选A。

10.【解析】选D。推理判断题。accepted 接受；asked 问；received 收到；refused 拒绝；由下文的他说因为这些善举他感到很受鼓舞，但是他能依靠他自己的工作，根据句意应该是“拒绝”，故选D。

四、短文改错。

Dear Mary,

Thanks you for your family photos . 1．

It are beautiful. 2．

Here is my family photos. 3．

Mary, I need my notebook, can you bring(带来) it to I? 4．

I has 2 basketballs, 5．

and I have 5 photoes 6．

and a eraser. 7．

I want to take(带到)a basketball to Jim school. 8.

They can play the basketball every day. 9．

I is very happy, Are you happy? 10．

参考答案

1．Thank 2．They

3．Are 4．me

5．Have 6．Photos

7．An 8．Jim’s

9．去掉the 10.am

【解析】

试题分析：这篇短文是一封给Mary的回信。信中提到了他的家庭照片，他还想让Mary把他的笔记本带来。他有2个篮球，他想带一个去Jim的学校，这样他们就可以每天打篮球了，所以他很开心。

1．句意：感谢你的家庭照片。Thank you for…,因为……而感谢你，这句话知thank应该使用原形，它还有一种说法是Thanks for…。

2．句意：他们非常漂亮。根据上句话的意思可知，这里说的是family photos，家庭照片，是复数形式，因此代替它的代词也应该是复数的，故把it改为they。

3．句意：这是我的家庭照片。根据这句话的意思可知，这句话的主语应该是my family photos，是复数形式，因此动词be也应该用复数，把is 改为are。

4．句意：Mary，我需要我的笔记本，你能把它带给我吗？根据句意可知，这里的“我”在句中做的是to 的宾语，所以应该用宾格形式。I 是主格形式，故把I改为me。

5．句意：我有2个篮球。has 意思是有，它应该用于主语是第三人称单数的时候。I是第一人称，它后面应该用have。

6．句意：我有2个篮球和5张照片。photo的意思是照片，根据句意可知，我有5张照片，所以应该用复数，它的复数形式是直接在后面加s，不是加es。

7．句意：我有2个篮球、5张照片和一个橡皮。eraser 是一个名词，意思是橡皮，这个单词的第一个音是元音发音，所以不定冠词应该用an。故应该把a 改为an。

8．句意：我想带一个篮球去Jim的学校。根据句意可知，这里应该是说去Jim的学校，Jim是一个名词，这里应该把它改为所有格的形式，表示Jim的，即Jim’s。

9．句意：他们可以每天打篮球。play basketball打篮球，是一个固定的短语。在球类运动的前面不加冠词，所以把the 去掉。

10句意：我非常开心，你开心吗？这句话的主语是I，是第一人称，它后面的be动词应该是am，而不是is。is 应该用于主语是第三人称单数的时候。

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jack 给你写邮件表达了想参加你校暑期为外国学生举办的汉语夏令营的愿望，希望你告知活动举办的具体时间地点，活动安排以及你的建议。

提示词语： Chinese classes, learn, attend, culture, prepare

提示问题：● When and where will the Chinese Summer Camp be held?

● What activities will be held at the Chinese Summer Camp?

● What is your advice for Jack?

Dear Jack,

I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in our

school this summer holiday .

.

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jack,

I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in our school this summer holiday.

The Chinese Summer Camp will be held in our school from July 10th to July 30th this summer. The activities of this Chinese Summer Camp are as follows:

First, you will attend Chinese classes, learning the meaning of Chinese characters.

Second, you will take part in different parties, knowing the history of China and Chinese culture, especially Chinese holidays, which will impress you deeply.

What’s more, you will have chances to visit some museums and the Great Wall. W hat you should prepare is a pair of shoes for the visit.

If you have any questions, please tell me. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua 【解析】

【详解】

1.题干解读：这是一篇提纲类书面表达，只给了一些要点提示，但都不很明确。学生除了要把所给要点提示都表达出来外，还要进行适当拓展，使文章内容充实。

2.例文点评：该题要求写作体裁为书信格式，所以例文用第一人称I进行写作，在文章结尾也按照标准书信格式进行了收尾。文章时态用一般现在时和一般将来时。文章条理分明，三个要点提示都已表达清楚，并进行了适当拓展，所给单词也都全部用上。

3.高分亮点：

短语：as follows，take part in，What’s more，look forward to。

句型：被动句型，现在分词作状语，主语从句。

3．4月23日是“世界读书日”，你校英语俱乐部正在开展主题为“多读书，读好书”的活动。

假如你是李华，请你写一封倡议书，向全体同学发出号召。内容包括：应该读什么样的书，以及读书的意义。

提示词语：story, novel, knowledge, improve, important

提示问题：● What kind of books should we read? ● Why do we read?

Dear students, the World Reading Day is coming.

So I’m here again to call on all of us to read more books and read good books.

Li Hua

【答案】例文

Dear students, the World Reading Day is coming. As a middle school student, everyone should read books. Firstly, reading increases our knowledge and we can learn the world affairs without going out. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills. Finally, reading can broaden our knowledge and horizon, which is important to job hunting in the future. Therefore, start to reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing.

So I’m here again to call on all of us to read mor e books and read good books.

Li Hua 【解析】

【详解】

题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作时要按照应用文格式写，写作时承接短文开头，写出对学生的倡议。

例文点评：例文采用的是一段式，写的是阅读的好处，时态采用的是一般现在时，描述倡议时，描写细致，条理清晰。

高分亮点：

短语：Firstly；Secondly；Finally；a good way to do sth；broaden our knowledge and horizon。

句型：reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills；reading can broaden our knowledge and horizon, which is important to job hunting in the future。

4．写作

“百善孝为先”,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。

某英语报社正在举办以“弘扬中华传统文化”为主题的征文活动,请你以“We should honor our parents”为题,写一篇短文参加征文活动。内容包括:

What do you often do for your parents?

Why should we honor our parents?

How should we honor our parents?

要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；

2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；

3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；

4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。

We should honor our parents

As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of

China.____________________________

【答案】We should honor our parents

As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China.I honor my parents.I often help my parents do housework in my spare time.I think it's our duty to honor our parents.Our parents take much effort to raise us, so it's important for us to honor them.They love us so we should love and respect them.

First of all, we should try our best to study hard to make them proud of us.Then, we can help our parents with some housework because they are tired after working.Next, we should respect them and never talk to them rudely.We'd better communicate with them patiently if we have different opinions.It's also important to tell our parents we love them.

【解析】

【分析】

本题要求考生以“我们应该尊敬我们的父母”为题结合所给的内容要点，写一篇作文

【详解】

这是篇材料作文，主要内容要点已给，所以考生要围绕着要点，进行写作，不要遗漏，当然顺序可以适当调整。这篇作文又句型亮点，例如：As we know，…众所周知；.I think it's our duty to do sth等等，其次文章结构也比较清晰，例如第二段的衔接词，First of all，Then，Next，使用的简单而恰当。

5．临近毕业，学校在学习小组内开展了初中阶段自评和组评活动，假设你是 Moonlight 小组的组长，请根据下面表格中的信息和提示，为你的组员 Tommy 进行综合素质的评价，写一份素质报告．

要求：1、表达清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯；2、要点必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；3、词数：100 词左右；4、不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等

Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight.

【答案】Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight. He is clever and he is good at all his lessons. He is so generous that he shares everything with his friends.He likes reading because he thinks he can get much knowledge and learn more about the world by reading. And reading has a good effect on children’s growth. At home, he can help his parents do s ome housework. At school, he gets on well with his classmates. On the way to school, he obeys the traffic rules. He crosses the road when the light is green. Our school presented him with Award for Best Student this year. However, Tommy is stressed when th e exam comes. And he doesn’t have enough sleep.

I think he should go over what he has learned before exams. It’s better for him to manage his time wisely so that he can have enough time to rest.

【解析】

这篇作文要求我们按照表格里的内容介绍一下Tommy的情况，为Tommy写一篇综合素质的评价报告。在表格中有非常详细的关于Tommy各方面的内容，我们需要用正确的英语把这些内容有条理的表达出来。表格中涉及的内容较多，写作时要注意表达的条理性。这篇作文应主要使用第三人称来写。在最后要给Tommy提一些建议，这一部分应该用第一人称。同时注意表达的准确性，尤其是表格中的第五项和第六项内容。

【亮点说明】这是一篇比较优秀的范文。这篇作文内容完整，包含了表格中的所有内容，没有遗漏要点。表达准确，注意了被动形式的使用，如He was rewarded by our school this year.。写作时注意了条理性，使文章具有层次感，条理清楚。短文注意到了长短句的结合，并恰当的使用了一些连词，使文章表达的连贯。如He is always ready to help others.、He not only likes reading detective novels but also likes watching programs about sports news.、He is good at running. He won the first place in our school sports meeting this year.等。

6．旅行是学习的最好方式之一。请以“Travelling”为题，根据以下思维导图的提示，写一篇短文，并发表你的看法。

注意：

1. 要点齐全，适当发挥；

2. 从思维导图Sayings部分，选择恰当的格合理利用在短文中；

3. 词数：100词左右；

【答案】例文

Travelling is one of the best ways for learning. You may have read or heard about something, but you can never get an exact picture of it until you see it yourself. Seeing is believing. If you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. You can also create great memories for your lifetime. Furthermore, while travelling, you can meet more people and make more friends. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling.

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如one of the best ways，learn much，an exact picture of，a careful observer，seeing is believing，no matter，a lot等。而非谓语动词结构Seeing is believing./ Furthermore, while travelling, you can meet more people and make more friends.和If you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit./ No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

7．书面表达

生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如何处理此类问题呢？请根据以下提示点谈谈你的想法。

1. 上周日，你的好友Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；

2. 但是Lisa并没有因此而道歉，你很难过；

3. 你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；

4. 接下来你打算……参考词汇：cherish珍惜open up one’s eyes开阔眼界

要求：

1. 字数80-100个；

2. 开头已经给出不计入总词数；

3. 要点齐全，行为连贯，适当发挥。

When I have trouble with my best friend

There are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday.

_______________________________________________________________________________ ______

__________________________________________________________________

【答案】When I have trouble with my best friend

There are always problems around us, even between close friends. Let me tell you something about myself. Last Sunday my best friend Lisa lost my favourite book that was a birthday present from my mother. The book is very meaningful for me. What’s more, she didn’t apologize to me about this, I felt quite sad. I love reading, because it can open up our eyes and increase our knowledge. I cherish every book of mine and they are my treasure.

So I am going to have a serious talk with Lisa in order to tell her my true feelings. I think we can buy a new one and read it together. In fact, understanding is the most important thing between friends.

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇材料作文。

【详解】

根据题干“生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾，当你与朋友间产生不愉快后，你会如何处理此类问题呢？”要求可知，本文用一般过去时，人称用第一人称。

英语作文一般分为三个部分：

第一部分：开篇点题——我将介绍和好友闹矛盾的一件事情。

第二部分：文章主体——具体介绍这件事情的始末。

根据事情发展顺序，从先到后交代事情的经过，我做了什么，为什么会和好友有矛盾。

这些内容用一般过去时，注意动词的过去式变形。

1. 上周日，你的好友Lisa，弄丢了你最心爱的图书，这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物；

2. 但是Lisa并没有因此而道歉，你很难过；

3. 你喜欢阅读，认为读书可以开阔眼界，所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍；

4. 接下来你打算……

第三部分：总结全文——好友之间应该互相理解。

8．假如你是李华，下周你们学校将要组织学生开展“父亲节活动计划”分享活动，你打算先分享给你们班交换生Peter，希望听听他的看法。请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他你的计划是什么，你为什么这么做，并表达你渴望得到他建议的心情。

提示词语： gift, love, opinion

提示问题：● What’s your plan for Father’s Day? ● Why do you do so? ● What do you want Peter to do?

Dear Peter,

How is it going?

We will share the plan for Father’s Day next

week.__________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】例文

Dear Peter,

How is it going?

We will share the plan for Father’s Day next week. I am going to do some meaningful things for my father. Firstly, I am going to buy a beautiful card for him. And then, I plan to cook him a big meal. Though I am not good at cooking, I can ask my mother for help.

I will do this because I love my father deeply. He works very hard every day to support my family. Would you please give me some advice? I am eager to receive your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【详解】

题干解读：该题目属于记叙文写作，但写作时要按邮件格式写。在写作时应承接短文开头；第二段写你为什么这么做；第三段表达你渴望得到他建议的心情。

例文点评：例文采用的是三段式；用第一人称来叙述父亲节计划；时态采用的是一般现在时为主，描述具体建议时，描写细致，条理清晰。

高分亮点：

短语：the plan for Father’s Day；some meaningful things；buy a beautiful card for him；give me some advice。

句型：Though I am not good at cooking, I can ask my mother for help；I am eager to receive your early reply。

9．假设某英文报“我爱写作”栏目为了配合创建“学习型城市”，正在举办专题英语征文比赛。请你根据下表所列的内容要点，以“Lifelong Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，参加比赛。

注意：

1．词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；

2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；

3．短文不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Lifelong Learning

When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”In many countries，people continue learning all their lives．

【答案】When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”many countries，people continue learning all their lives．

Why is lifelong learning important? You go to school and learn．You study．Y take tests．But learning doesn’t only happen in school．And learning doesn’t stop wh you finish high school or university．You are learning all the time．For example，learni can happen when you go to a museum．It can also happen when you read a book．Y learn when you play a sport or when you take a trip．Learning is life! We never st learning．Every day，you can improve yourself by learning something new

【解析】

试题分析：考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示认真审题，确定文章的中心。注意文章文体、

人称和时态。要求介绍。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。温馨提醒：考生必须认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。

写作亮点：这篇文章语言规范，叙事清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，能够把提示的内容叙述清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯是一篇不错的文章。

考点：提纲类作文