宾语从句讲义
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宾语从句
一. 宾语从句的种类
? 宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
? Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter. 众所周知,地球是由物质组成。
(动词后跟的宾语从句,是一种非常普遍的现象)
? Is there anything wrong in what you said? 你是不是说错了?
(介词后跟的宾语从句,介词后根据意思表达的需要完全可以跟句子作宾语,要注意的是个别介词如:besides, but, except, in 等,后面跟that 引导的从句作宾语已经形成习惯用语了:besides that, (除······以外),but that (若不是······),except that (除了······),in that (在于,因为))
? I am not certain whether (if) the train will arrive on time. 我确定火车会不会准时到站。
(形容词后面跟的宾语从句。
这种现象只局限于少数动态形容词,如:sure (确信),certain(肯定),afraid(恐怕),confident(确信)等。
)
? 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如: I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如:
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如: I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.
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