第十一节--特殊句式
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第十一节特殊句式
考点一倒装
1.全部倒装就是把全部谓语提到主语之前,常见的类型有:
(1)表示地点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,then,up,down,in,out,away,off,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语是名词时。
There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall.
铃响了。我们进入演讲大厅吧。
At the foot of the mountain lies a village.
山脚下有一个村庄。
(2)表语置于句首,为保持句子平衡,或以示强调,或使上下文衔接。
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他客人。
2.部分倒装
(1)only所修饰的词、短语或从句位于句首作状语时。
Only then did he realize the importance of English.
只是在那时他才意识到英语的重要性。
Only when he came back did we find out the truth.
只有当他回来时,我们才查明了事实真相。
[名师点津]当only修饰主语时,句子不倒装。
Only you can work out the problem.
只有你能解决这个问题。
(2)含有否定意义的副词或短语如never,seldom,little,hardly,rarely,by no means,at no time,not until等位于句首时。
Never have I heard a speech as impressive as this.
我从未听过这么动人的演讲。
At no time should you give up studying.
在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。
(3)so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。
They love having lots of friends,so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢拥有许多朋友,残疾人也是如此。
I don't know who he is,nor do I care.
我不知道他是谁,我也不关心。
[名师点津]so表示“是的,确实”时,重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。
—He does business successfully.
他做生意很成功。
—So he does.——他确实如此。
(4)so...that中的so位于句首时。
So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.
他说话声音这么大,楼上都听得见。
(5)though/as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词。
Much as I like it,I don't want to buy it.
尽管我很喜欢它,但我不想买。
Try as he would,he might fail again.
尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。
(6)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语之前。
Were I you,I would take this chance.
如果我是你,我会抓住这次机会。
Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,运动会就会被推迟。
考点二强调
1.强调句型的基本形式为It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。当强调部分为“人”时,可用that 或who,其他情况下用that。
It was in Greece that Olympic competition started.
奥林匹克竞赛是在希腊开始的。
It was Columbus that discovered America.
是哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。
[名师点津]要注意强调时间的句型与时间状语从句的区别,试比较:
①It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
我昨天半夜才回到家。
②It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
昨天我回到家时,已是半夜了。
2.强调句型的疑问句形式
(1)一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
Was it you who told Mary the news?
是你把消息告诉玛丽的吗?
(2)特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was it that +其他成分?
Who was it that helped you find the wallet?
是谁帮你找到钱包的?
3.“not ...until...”的强调句型为“It is/was not until...that”从句
It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.
直到第二天,我才得知事情的真相。
4.谓语动词的强调
强调句型不能强调谓语,如果要强调谓语,需用助动词do,does或did。
He did write to you last week.
他上周确实给你写信了。
考点三省略
1.状语从句的省略
(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
When (I was)in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures.
在日本时,我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
Though(it was)cold,he still wore a shirt.
尽管冷,他仍穿着件衬衫。