2.02.00.-.introductory Note On Bee Diseases 蜂病介绍(2013)

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COPYRIGHTS_syllabus_2016

COPYRIGHTS – WORKING SYLLABUSFor your convenience, the syllabus is keyed to the sections and pages in the course book, Copyright Law (9th edition) by Joyce et al. Successive assignments are indicated by a Roman numbering system; 30 sections currently exist. You are to read the inclusive pages as noted in the first entry for each assignment. Following the initial assignment for each entry, there may be details noted from the book with page number on which they are found. This is for convenience only. Make sure to read all inclusive materialin each section in preparation for class.You will only be responsible for materials that we address in class or that you are specifically asked to read outside of class. This syllabus is for working purposes only. It is recommended that you prepare approximately 15 -25 pages per class, however, you are obligated to accommodate the actual progress of the course. Furthermore, changes may be made to the syllabus to reflect actual class discussion and progress. Also remember that we may not solely discuss the materials seriatim and as listed; our goal isto employ the materials in an integrated manner for the purpose of gaining an understanding of copyright law.Thank you.I. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE LANDSCAPEOF COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 64Read for first class. Also, in the introductory note the additional reference to Right of Publicity materials. II. CHAPTER 2 PREREQUISITES FOR COPYRIGHTPROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .§ 2.01 Fixation . . . .66 - 83White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v.Apollo Co. (1908) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Midway Manufacturing Co. v. ArticInternational, Inc. (1982) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75III. § 2.02 Originality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 - 117“Authors” and Their “Writings” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v.Sarony(1884) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Bleistein v. Donaldson LithographingCo. (1903) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Meshwerks v. Toyota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107IV. The Idea/Expression Dichotomy . . . . . . . . . . . 118 - 133Baker v. Selden (1880) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Merger and Copyright Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Morrisey v. P&G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126V. § 2.03 Other Preliminary Considerations. . . . . . . .134 - 138[A] National Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134[B] U.S. Government Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Read subsection V on your own; we will discuss briefly and answer questions in class.CHAPTER 3 WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP . . . . . . .139§ 3.01 Original Works of Authorship Under § 102 . .140[B] Literary Works, Including ComputerSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Miller v. Universal City Studios, Inc. (1981) . . . . 143VI. Apple Computer, Inc. v. FranklinComputer Corp. (1983) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Read the following textual material – we will discuss briefly and answer questions in class.Final Report of the Commission on NewTechnological Uses of Copyrighted Works(CONTU) at 28-30 (1979): Dissent ofCommissioner Hersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162[C] Musical Works, Dramatic Works, andPantomimes and Choreographic Works. . . . . . . . 171VII. [D] Pictorial, Graphic, and Sculptural Works . . . . . . 174Mazer v. Stein (1954) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Pivot Point International, Inc. v. CharleneProducts, Inc. (2004). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180[E] Motion Pictures and Other Audiovisual Works . . . 201[F] Sound Recordings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203[G] Architectural Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Shine v. Childs (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209IX. § 3.02 Derivative Works and Compilations Under § 103 . . . 220[B] Derivative Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Schrock v. Learning Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222X. [C] Compilations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural TelephoneService Company, Inc. (1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237XI. CHAPTER 4 OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFERS . . . . . . . . 261 § 4.01 Initial Ownership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261[B] Works Made for Hire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Community for Creative Non-Violence v.Reid (1989) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263XII. [C] Joint Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Childress v. Taylor (1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281[D] Collective Works and the Tasini Case . . . . . . . 296XIII. Transfer of Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299[1] The Distinction Between Copyrightand Material Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301[2] The Bundle of Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Effects Associates, Inc. v. Cohen (1990) . . . . . . . . 303The “New Media” Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313[D] Recordation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315[E] Orphan Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3186XIV. CHAPTER 7 EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453§ 7.01 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454[C] Statutory (or “Compulsory”) Licenses . . . . . . . . . 456§ 7.02 The Reproduction Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464[B] Reproduction in Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Walt Disney Productions v. FilmationAssociates (1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465XV. [C] Reproduction in Phonorecords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Electronic Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478Cartoon Network v. CSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478§ 7.03 The Adaptation Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490Lee v. A.R.T. Company (1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492XVI. § 7.04 The Public Distribution Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505[B] Domestic Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508London Sire Records v. Doe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508[C) Imported Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 XVII. § 7.05 The Public Performance Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526[A] Public Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Aveco,Inc. (1986). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528[3] Performing Rights Societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539[4] Small and Grand Performing Rights . . . . . . . 540[5] Synchronization Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542[6] Digital Network Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . 542[7] Performance Rights in Sound Recordingsand Music Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544XVIII. [B] Secondary Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547[2] The § 110 Aiken Exception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549National Football League v. McBee& Bruno’s,Inc. (1986). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549[3] The Cable System Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . 558[4] The Satellite Carrier Limitations . . . . . . . . . 560[5] Current Issues in the Law of Retransmission 561XIX. § 7.06 The Public Display Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564§ 7.07 The Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings . . . 574[B] Highlights of the DPRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575XX. § 7.08 Moral Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580[A] A Comparative Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580[B] Protection Outside the Copyright Act . . . . . . . . . 581[C] Copyright Protection: The Visual ArtistsRights Act of 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585Phillips v. Pembroke Real Estate,Inc. (2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588XXI. CHAPTER 10 FAIR USE AND AFFIRMATIVEDEFENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809§ 10.02 Fundamentals of Fair Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810[A] Judicial Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811Folsom v. Marsh (1841) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811[B] Analyzing Fair Use Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. (1994) . . . . . . 815XXII. § 10.03 Conceptual Issues in Fair Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835[A] Copyright and the First Amendment. . . . . . . . . . 835Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. NationEnterprises (1985). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835[B] The Meaning of “Transformative Use”. . . . . . . . . 847Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 XXIII. [C] Actual and Potential Market Effect . . . . . . . . . . . 860[D] Photocopying, Guidelines, and“Personal Reproduction” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864XXIV. § 10.04 Fair Use and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872[A] Fair Use and Decompilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872[B] Fair Use and the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp. (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877Fair Use and Technological ProtectionMeasures Under the DMCA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888§ 10.05 Fair Use in Comparative Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 XXV. § 10.06 Affirmative Copyright Defenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 CHAPTER 5 DURATION, RENEWAL, ANDTERMINATIONS OF TRANSFERSDURATION, RENEWAL, ANDTERMINATIONS OF TRANSFERS . . . . . . 323§ 5.01 Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323[A] Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329XXVI. § 5.02 Terminations of Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370[A] § 203 Terminations: Post-1977 Transfers . . . . . . 371[1] Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371[2] Summary of Provisions of § 203 . . . . . . . . . . . 377[B] § 304(c) Terminations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377[C] § 304(d) Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379[D] The Mechanics of Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380[2] Decisional Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383[E] The Derivative Works Exception . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 XXVII. CHAPTER 8 INFRINGEMENT ACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607§ 8.01 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610§ 8.02 Framing the Lawsuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610[A] Jurisdictional Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611T.B. Harms Co. v. Eliscu(1964) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611[B] Other Procedural Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623XXVIII. § 8.03 Proving the Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635[A] Formulating a “General Test” forInfringement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635[B] Copying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637Bright Tunes Music Corp. v. HarrisongsMusic, Ltd. (1976) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637Ty, Inc. v. GMA Accessories, Inc. (1997). . . . . . . . 644[C] Improper Appropriation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652[2] Illustrative Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tufenkian Import/Export VenturesInc. v. Einstein Moomjy, Inc. (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . 706XXIX. § 8.04 Extraterritoriality and Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . 714 Subafilms, Ltd. v. MGM-PatheCommunications Co. (1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715[B] Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. RussianKurier, Inc. (1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724XXX. CHAPTER 9 SECONDARY LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733§ 9.01 Contributory Infringement and Vicarious Liability . . . . 734§ 9.02 Manufacturing and Distributing Copying Devices . . . 742Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios,Inc. (1984). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743[B] The Audio Home Recording Right . . . . . . . . . . . . 751§ 9.03 Secondary Liability on the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767[C] Peer-to-Peer File Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster,Ltd. (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755§ 9.04 Technological Protection Measures andCircumvention Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787[A] Anti-Circumvention Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Corley (2001) . . . . 792。

token为空,请重新请求英文的正确说法

token为空,请重新请求英文的正确说法The access token provided is invalid or empty. Please make a new request.When we make requests to APIs or authorization servers, we often need to include access tokens in our requests. These tokens serve as a unique identifier that grants us permission to access certain resources or perform specific actions.However, sometimes we may encounter situations where the access token we provide is invalid or empty. This could be due to various reasons, such as the token has expired, it was revoked, or it was not generated correctly.When we receive an error message indicating that the access token is empty or invalid, we need to take appropriate actions to rectify the issue. The following steps could be considered:1. Verify the token entry: Ensure that the access token has been properly entered in the request. Double-check for any typos, missing characters, or whitespace issues that might cause the token to be invalid. Correct any mistakes if found.2. Generate a new token: If the token has expired or has been revoked, we need to generate a new access token. This typically involves authenticating ourselves with the API or authorization server and requesting a new token. Follow the established protocol or documentation provided by the service provider to generate a valid token.3. Check token validity: Before making a request, check the validity of the token. Some API or authentication servers might provide a mechanism to verify the validity of the token beforehand. This could involve making a separate API call or using a specific endpoint provided by the service. Implement this step to ensure that the token is still valid and can be used for authentication.4. Handle token expiration: If the access token has an expiration time, we need to handle the situation when the token expires. In such cases, we need to generate a new token before making subsequent requests. It is common to include an expiration timer along with the token response, enabling us to proactively refresh the token before it becomes invalid.5. Secure token transmission: Ensure that the access token is transmitted securely over the network. Using secure protocols like HTTPS and encrypting the token during transmission can help prevent interception or tampering by malicious entities.6. Re-authenticate if necessary: In some cases, an empty or invalid access token might indicate that the user needs to re-authenticate themselves. This could be due to a change in permissions or unusual activity. If we receive such an error, prompt the user to re-enter their credentials and obtain a new access token.Remember to handle error cases gracefully in your application. Display clear and meaningful error messages to the user, specifying that the access token is invalid or empty, and provide appropriateinstructions on how to resolve the issue. Additionally, consider implementing robust error handling and logging mechanisms on the server-side to capture and investigate any token-related errors.In conclusion, when encountering an empty or invalid access token, it is necessary to address the issue promptly to ensure continued access to resources and services provided by API or authorization servers. By following the steps mentioned above, we can resolve the problem and successfully authenticate ourselves for subsequent requests.。

ONS API Client 1.0.1 用户指南说明书

Package‘onsr’October14,2022Title Client for the'ONS'APIVersion1.0.1Description Client for the'Ofﬁce of National Statistics'('ONS')API<https:///v1>.License GPL(>=3)Encoding UTF-8LazyData trueImports httr,jsonlite,readr,tibbleURL https://kvasilopoulos.github.io/onsr/BugReports https:///kvasilopoulos/onsr/issuesRoxygenNote7.1.1Suggests testthat(>=3.0.0),data.table,vroom,curlConﬁg/testthat/edition3Depends R(>=2.10)NeedsCompilation noAuthor Kostas Vasilopoulos[aut,cre]Maintainer Kostas Vasilopoulos<***********************>Repository CRANDate/Publication2022-01-2120:22:43UTCR topics documented:ons_browse (2)ons_browse_qmi (2)ons_codelists (3)ons_codes (4)ons_datasets (5)ons_desc (5)ons_extra (6)12ons_browse_qmi ons_get (7)ons_latest (8)ons_search (9)Index10 ons_browse Quickly browse to ONS’developer webpageDescriptionThis function take you to the ONS’developer webpage.Usageons_browse()ValueAn atomic character vector with the url of the webpageExamplesons_browse()ons_browse_qmi Quickly browse to dataset’s Quality and Methodology Information(QMI)DescriptionThis function take you to the QMI.Usageons_browse_qmi(id=NULL)Argumentsid[character]Id that represents a dataset.ValueAn atomic character vector url with of the webpageons_codelists3 Examplesons_browse_qmi("cpih01")ons_codelists Explore codes and listsDescriptionUsed to get details about codes and code lists stored by ONS.Codes are used to provide a common deﬁnition when presenting statistics with related categories.Codes are gathered in code lists,which may change over time to include new or different codes.The meaning of a code should not change over time,but new codes may be created where new meaning is required.Usageons_codelists()ons_codelist(code_id=NULL)ons_codelist_editions(code_id=NULL)ons_codelist_edition(code_id=NULL,edition=NULL)Argumentscode_id[character].The id of a codelist.edition[character]A subset of the dataset representing a speciﬁc time period.For some datasets this edition can contain all time periods(all historical data).Thelatest version of this is displayed by default.ValueA list or character vector.Examplesons_codelists()ons_codelist(code_id="quarter")#editionsons_codelist_editions(code_id="quarter")ons_codelist_edition(code_id="quarter",edition="one-off")4ons_codes ons_codes Explore codes and listsDescriptionUsed to get details about codes and code lists stored by ONS.Codes are used to provide a common deﬁnition when presenting statistics with related categories.Codes are gathered in code lists,which may change over time to include new or different codes.The meaning of a code should not change over time,but new codes may be created where new meaning is required.Usageons_codes(code_id=NULL,edition=NULL)ons_code(code_id=NULL,edition=NULL,code=NULL)ons_code_dataset(code_id=NULL,edition=NULL,code=NULL)Argumentscode_id[character].The id of a codelist.edition[character]A subset of the dataset representing a speciﬁc time period.For some datasets this edition can contain all time periods(all historical data).Thelatest version of this is displayed by default.code[character]The ID of the code within a code list.ValueA list or character vector.Examples#codesons_codes(code_id="quarter",edition="one-off")ons_code(code_id="quarter",edition="one-off",code="q2")ons_code_dataset(code_id="quarter",edition="one-off",code="q2")ons_datasets5 ons_datasets ONS DatasetsDescriptionA grouping of data(editions)with shared dimensions,for example Sex,Age and Geography,and allpublished history of this group of data.The options in these dimensions can change over time lead-ing to separate editions.For example:Population Estimates for UK,England and Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland.Usageons_datasets()ons_ids()ValueA tibble with the datasets.Examples#Find all the information about the dataons_datasets()#Just the idsons_ids()ons_desc Description of the DatasetDescriptionThis function provides a description of the important information about a dataset.Usageons_desc(id=NULL)Argumentsid[character]Id that represents a dataset.6ons_extraValueA description of the requested dataset.See Alsoons_meta()Examplesons_desc("cpih01")ons_extra Access dataset’s additional informationDescriptionData in each version is broken down by dimensions,and a unique combination of dimension options in a version can be used to retrieve observation level data.Usageons_dim(id=NULL,edition=NULL,version=NULL)ons_dim_opts(id=NULL,edition=NULL,version=NULL,dimension=NULL,limit=NULL,offset=NULL)ons_meta(id=NULL,edition=NULL,version=NULL)Argumentsid[character]Id that represents a dataset.edition[character]A subset of the dataset representing a speciﬁc time period.For some datasets this edition can contain all time periods(all historical data).Thelatest version of this is displayed by default.version[character]A speciﬁc instance of the edition at a point in time.New versions can be published as a result of corrections,revisions or new data becoming avail-able.dimension[character]ons_get7 limit[numeric(1):NULL]Number of records to return.By default is NULL,which means that the defaults of the ONS API are used.You can set it to a number torequest more(or less)records,and also to Inf to request all records.offset[numeric(1):NULL]The position in the dataset of a particular record.By specifying offset,you retrieve a subset of records starting with the offsetvalue.Offset normally works with length,which determines how many recordsto retrieve starting from the offset.ValueA character vector.Examplesons_dim(id="cpih01")ons_dim_opts(id="cpih01",dimension="time")ons_meta(id="cpih01")ons_get Download data from ONSDescriptionThis functions is used toﬁnd information about data published by the ONS.Datasets are published in unique versions,which are categorized by edition.Available datasets are given an id.All available id can be viewed with ons_ids().Usageons_get(id=NULL,edition=NULL,version=NULL,ons_read=getOption("onsr.read"),...)ons_get_obs(id=NULL,edition=NULL,version=NULL,...)Argumentsid[character]Id that represents a dataset.edition[character]A subset of the dataset representing a speciﬁc time period.For some datasets this edition can contain all time periods(all historical data).Thelatest version of this is displayed by default.8ons_latest version[character]A speciﬁc instance of the edition at a point in time.New versions can be published as a result of corrections,revisions or new data becoming avail-able.ons_read[character].Reading backend,one of readr,data.table or vroom....Further arguments passed on the methods.ValueA tibble with the dataset in tidy format.Examplesons_get(id="cpih01")#Same dataset but older versionons_get(id="cpih01",version="5")#Take only specific observationsons_get_obs("cpih01",geography="K02000001",aggregate="cpih1dim1A0",time="Oct-11") #Or can use a wildcard for the timeons_get_obs("cpih01",geography="K02000001",aggregate="cpih1dim1A0",time="*")ons_latest Latest info on ONS DatasetsDescriptionThis functions are used to access the latest href,version and edition of a dataset.Usageons_latest_href(id=NULL)ons_latest_version(id=NULL)ons_latest_edition(id=NULL)Argumentsid[character]Id that represents a dataset.ons_search9ValueAn atomic character vector with the latest info.Examplesons_latest_href("cpih01")ons_latest_version("cpih01")ons_latest_edition("cpih01")ons_search Search for a DatasetDescriptionSearch for a DatasetUsageons_search(id,edition=NULL,version=NULL,name=NULL,query=NULL)Argumentsid[character]Id that represents a dataset.edition[character]A subset of the dataset representing a speciﬁc time period.For some datasets this edition can contain all time periods(all historical data).Thelatest version of this is displayed by default.version[character]A speciﬁc instance of the edition at a point in time.New versions can be published as a result of corrections,revisions or new data becoming avail-able.name[character].The name of dimension to perform the query.Available dimen-sions for a speciﬁc id at ons_dim().query[character].The query.ValueA data.frame.Examplesons_dim("cpih01")ons_search("cpih01",name="aggregate",query="cpih1dim1A0")Indexons_browse,2ons_browse_qmi,2ons_code(ons_codes),4ons_code_dataset(ons_codes),4ons_codelist(ons_codelists),3ons_codelist_edition(ons_codelists),3ons_codelist_editions(ons_codelists),3ons_codelists,3ons_codes,4ons_datasets,5ons_desc,5ons_dim(ons_extra),6ons_dim_opts(ons_extra),6ons_extra,6ons_get,7ons_get_obs(ons_get),7ons_ids(ons_datasets),5ons_latest,8ons_latest_edition(ons_latest),8ons_latest_href(ons_latest),8ons_latest_version(ons_latest),8ons_meta(ons_extra),6ons_search,910。

idea 去除警告synchronization on method parameter

idea 去除警告synchronization on methodparameter去除警告：在方法参数上的同步操作在多线程编程中，我们通常使用同步来确保多个线程对共享资源的访问是安全的。

然而，有时候我们可能会遇到在方法参数上进行同步的警告。

警告通常是由于对方法参数进行同步操作，这可能导致不必要的线程阻塞或死锁。

因此，有必要去除这些警告并找到更合适的同步方案。

首先，了解出现警告的原因。

方法参数通常是对象引用，而同步锁是通过对象的内置锁（或监视器）实现的。

当我们对方法参数进行同步时，实际上是对这个对象进行同步，这可能会影响到其他线程对相同对象的访问。

为了去除警告，有几个替代方案可供选择：1. 尽量避免在方法参数上进行同步操作。

考虑使用其他方式来确保线程安全，如使用线程安全的集合类或通过使用局部变量等。

2. 如果必须在方法参数上进行同步操作，考虑使用新的对象作为同步锁。

可以创建一个私有的对象，或者使用类级别的对象进行同步。

3. 可以考虑重构代码，将同步操作移到方法内部的局部变量上。

这样可以更细粒度地控制同步范围，减少潜在的线程竞争。

无论选择哪种方法，都应该小心处理同步操作，确保在多线程环境下代码的正确性和性能。

同步操作可能会引入额外的开销和复杂性，因此需要仔细评估和测试。

最后，记住要对代码进行充分的测试和验证，以确保没有出现任何死锁或竞态条件。

多线程编程需要谨慎且经验丰富的开发人员来处理，因此请确保在处理并发问题时谨慎行事。

请注意，以上是去除警告的一些建议和思路，并不能保证所有情况下都适用。

具体的解决方案应根据实际应用场景和需求来选择和优化。

hive谓词下推原则

Hive 谓词下推（Predicate Pushdown）是一种优化技术，旨在尽可能早地处理表达式，以提高Hive 查询的执行效率。

谓词下推的基本思想是将谓词尽可能地提前到数据存储层，从而减少数据处理量，提高查询性能。

在Hive 调优过程中，遵循以下原则可以更好地实现谓词下推：
1. 优化SELECT、FROM 和WHERE 子句中的谓词：将WHERE 子句中的谓词尽可能地移动到SELECT 和FROM 子句中，以便在数据存储层进行过滤。

2. 利用列裁剪（Column Pruning）：根据查询条件，提前过滤不需要的列，减少数据传输和处理量。

3. 使用分区裁剪（Partition Pruning）：根据查询条件，过滤掉不需要的分区，降低数据处理量。

4. 使用分桶（Bucketing）：通过对数据进行分桶，可以将符合条件的数据提前筛选出来，减少数据处理量。

5. 利用索引（Indexing）：通过建立索引，加速查询速度，提高谓词下推的效果。

6. 遵循数据倾斜原则：解决数据倾斜问题，包括解决group by 造成的数据倾斜和解决join 造成的数据倾斜。

7. 合理调整map 和reduce 占用的计算资源：通过参数设置，合理调整map 和reduce 的内存及虚拟核数，以提高查询性能。

总之，在Hive 查询优化过程中，遵循以上原则，可以更好地实现谓词下推，提高查询性能。

setting from an earlier version of particular

setting from an earlier version ofparticularParticular is a popular plugin for Adobe After Effects that allows users to create complex particle effects quickly and easily. However, with each new version of the plugin, some settings may change or be replaced with new features.For those who prefer to stick with an earlier version of Particular, it's important to understand the settings that were available at that time. One such version is Particular 2.5.In this version, users had access to many usefulsettings for their particle effects. For example, the Emitter settings allowed users to control the position, velocity, and direction of the particles being emitted. There were also options to adjust the size, shape, and dispersion of the particles.Another useful feature of Particular 2.5 was the Physics settings, which allowed users to apply gravity or turbulence to the particles. This created more realistic and dynamic particle effects.Finally, the Renderer settings allowed users to adjust the look of the particles, including their opacity, color, and blending mode. Users could also add shadows orreflections to the particles to make them appear more three-dimensional.Overall, Particular 2.5 was a powerful and versatile plugin for creating particle effects in Adobe After Effects.Though newer versions of the plugin may offer more features and settings, those who prefer to stick with an earlier version can still create impressive particle effects with the tools available to them.。

kafka please seek past the record to

kafka please seek past the record to Kafka brokers allow consumers to consume messages in a continuous stream. However, there may be situations where a consumer needs to seek past a specific record. This can be done using the `seek()` method provided by the Kafka consumer API.The `seek()` method allows you to set the position for the consumer to start reading from a particular offset. This is achieved by specifying the topic partition and the offset value. By calling `seek()`, you are instructing Kafka to move the consumer's offset pointer directly to thatposition in the topic partition, effectively skipping over any records before it.使用`seek()`方法可以让您设置消费者从特定偏移量开始读取记录。

这可以通过指定主题分区和偏移量值来实现。

调用`seek()`时，您正在指示Kafka将消费者的偏移指针直接移动到主题分区中的该位置，从而跳过之前的任何记录。

It's important to note that seeking past a record does notmean it will be skipped entirely. The subsequent messages will still be consumed by the consumer once it has reached that position set by `seek()`. This makes it possible for consumers to read only a subset of records or jump straight to certain positions in the log if needed.需要注意的是，超过一条记录并不意味着完全跳过它。

backoff none exhausted of consumerrecord

backoff none exhausted of consumerrecord"Backoff None Exhausted of ConsumerRecord" 是一个错误消息，可能出现在使用Apache Kafka或其他流处理平台时。

这个错误通常表示消费者尝试消费消息，但是由于某种原因，它无法处理所有的消息。

Backoff None Exhausted of ConsumerRecord 错误可能有几个原因：1. 内存不足：如果消费者的内存不足以容纳从Kafka拉取的所有消息，就可能出现这个错误。

这可能是因为消费者的代码或配置问题，或者因为Kafka 主题中的消息数量超过了消费者的处理能力。

2. 处理速度不足：如果消费者的处理速度不足以处理从Kafka拉取的所有消息，就可能出现这个错误。

这可能是因为消费者的代码或配置问题，或者因为Kafka主题中的消息数量超过了消费者的处理能力。

3. Kafka配置问题：如果Kafka的配置不正确，就可能出现这个错误。

例如，如果Kafka的max.poll.records设置得太高，就可能导致消费者无法处理所有的消息。

解决这个问题的方法取决于具体的原因。

以下是一些可能的解决方案：1. 增加内存：如果内存不足是问题的原因，那么可以尝试增加消费者的内存。

这可能需要在代码或配置中进行一些调整。

2. 提高处理速度：如果处理速度不足是问题的原因，那么可以尝试提高消费者的处理速度。

这可能需要在代码或配置中进行一些调整。

3. 调整Kafka配置：如果Kafka配置不正确是问题的原因，那么可以尝试调整Kafka的配置。

例如，可以尝试降低max.poll.records的设置。

4. 使用更小的批量大小：如果问题是由于批量处理大批量数据导致的，可以尝试减小批量大小。

这将允许消费者更频繁地处理消息，而不是一次处理大量消息。

5. 增加并行度：如果消费者在处理消息时受到限制，可以考虑增加并行度。

R包'templates'的说明文档说明书

Package‘templates’October14,2022Title A System for Working with TemplatesVersion0.3.0Description Provides tools to work with template code and text in R.It aims toprovide a simple substitution mechanism for R-expressions inside thesetemplates.Templates can be written in other languages like'SQL',cansimply be represented by characters in R,or can themselves be R-expressionsor functions.Depends R(>=3.4.0)Imports stringr,dat,magrittrLicense MIT+ﬁle LICENSEEncoding UTF-8LazyData trueSuggests testthat,knitr,rmarkdown,covrRoxygenNote6.0.1VignetteBuilder knitrNeedsCompilation noAuthor Sebastian Warnholz[aut,cre]Maintainer Sebastian Warnholz<****************>Repository CRANDate/Publication2018-05-2221:49:11UTCR topics documented:tmpl (2)tmplUpdate (3)Index412tmpl tmpl Template constructorsDescriptiontmpl is the constructor function for template objects.Usagetmpl(.t,...)##S3method for class charactertmpl(.t,...,.envir=parent.frame())##S3method for class formulatmpl(.t,...)##S3method for class tmpltmpl(.t,...)##S3method for class functiontmpl(.t,...)Arguments.t something that can be interpreted as template.See deﬁned methods for options....(name=value|name~value)name-value expressions passed on to tmplUpdate .envir(environment)the environment in which template snippets are evaluated.For formula s and function s their environment is used.DetailsObjects of class tmpl are stored as a character of length one.They can contain’snippets’to be evaluated.These snippets are identiﬁed by an opening{{and closing}}.The environment in which they are evaluated is stored in the object.They can be further augmented by supplying arguments in....See AlsotmplUpdate,tmplEvalExamplestmpl("Hi{{toupper(a)}}!",a="there")tmpl(~{y<-{{a}}},a~x+1)tmpl(function(x){{a}}+x,a~1)tmplUpdate3 tmplUpdate Update and evaluate templatesDescriptionFunctions operating on tmpl objects.They can be updated and/or evaluated as an expression.UsagetmplUpdate(.t,...)##S3method for class tmpltmplUpdate(.t,...)##S3method for class functiontmplUpdate(.t,...)tmplEval(.t,...,.envir=new.env(parent=parent.frame()))tmplAsFun(.t,...)Arguments.t(tmpl)and object of class tmpl...(name=value|name~value)name-value expressions used to update the snip-pets in x.envir(environment)the environment in which the template is evaluatedDetailstmplUpdate will evaluate all snippets in a template.Objects are searched for in the list of arguments supplied as...and the environment of the template.The results are substituted within the snippets.tmplEval will evaluate the template in place or in the speciﬁed environment after substituting the elements in....Examplestmpl("This is{{a}}very similar to{{b}}",a="actually",b="sprintf")tmpl("But I consider it to be({{sprintf( %i ,a)}})orthogonal",a=1.0)tmpl("and({{sprintf( %i ,b)}})with a different scope:",b=2.0)tmpl("SELECT{{var}}FROM{{table}}WHERE{{condition}};",var="someVar",table="someTable",condition="primaryKey=1") template<-tmpl("cat({{toupper(x)}})")tmplUpdate(template,x~"hi")tmplEval(template,x~"hi")Indextmpl,2,3tmplAsFun(tmplUpdate),3tmplEval,2tmplEval(tmplUpdate),3tmplUpdate,2,34。

kafka-console-consumer --from-beginning详解-概述说明以及解释

kafka-console-consumer --from-beginning详解-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容可以涵盖以下方面：引言部分介绍了本文的背景和目的，那么在概述部分，我们可以对待解决的问题或者讨论的主题进行简要的说明。

可以包含以下内容：1. 引起问题: 可以提到为什么需要使用kafka-console-consumer from-beginning命令，以及这个命令在Kafka中的重要性和应用场景。

2. 可行性分析: 可以简要介绍Kafka是什么以及它的关键特性，包括高吞吐量、可靠性、可伸缩性等。

同时也可以提到Kafka在大数据领域的普遍应用，并且针对Kafka中的消息消费者进行介绍。

3. 概述主题: 简要总结一下本文将要讨论的主题或者问题，即介绍kafka-console-consumer from-beginning命令的作用、使用方法以及相关注意事项。

通过以上内容，读者可以对本文的主题有一个初步的了解，并且提前知道本文将要讲解的内容。

这样可以帮助读者更好地理解接下来的文章内容。

1.2文章结构文章结构部分应该介绍整个文章的框架和各个部分的内容，以帮助读者更好地理解和导航整篇文章。

以下是可能的文章1.2 "文章结构" 的内容：1.2 文章结构本文将对"kafka-console-consumer from-beginning"命令进行详细解析。

文中将会包含以下几个主要部分：1. 引言在引言部分，将对本文的背景、研究目的和研究范围进行介绍。

我们将概述"kafka-console-consumer from-beginning"命令的作用和使用场景，并为读者提供了解决相关问题的动机。

2. 正文正文是本文的核心部分，将深入探讨"kafka-console-consumerfrom-beginning"命令的各个方面。

reactnative activityindicator

reactnative activityindicator如何使用React Native中的ActivityIndicator组件。

一、引言（Introduction）在React Native开发中，ActivityIndicator组件是常用的UI组件之一。

它可以显示一个旋转的loading图标，以指示正在进行某项任务。

本文将逐步介绍如何使用ActivityIndicator组件，并提供一些常见的使用场景和技巧。

二、准备工作（Prerequisites）在开始使用ActivityIndicator组件之前，我们需要确保已经安装了React Native开发环境，并创建了一个新的React Native项目。

还应确保在项目中已经安装了ActivityIndicator组件的依赖包。

三、导入ActivityIndicator组件（Importing ActivityIndicator）要使用ActivityIndicator组件，首先需要从react-native库中导入它。

在需要使用的组件的文件中，添加以下代码：import { ActivityIndicator } from 'react-native';这将使ActivityIndicator组件可用于文件的其余部分。

四、基本使用（Basic Usage）在大多数情况下，ActivityIndicator组件只需简单地创建并渲染即可。

以下是使用ActivityIndicator组件的基本示例代码：import React from 'react';import { View, ActivityIndicator } from 'react-native';const MyComponent = () => {return (<View style={{ flex: 1, justifyContent: 'center', alignItems:'center' }}><ActivityIndicator size="large" color="#0000ff" /></View>);}export default MyComponent;在这个示例中，我们创建了一个名为MyComponent的函数组件，并使用ActivityIndicator组件将loading图标显示在屏幕中央。

unexpected error fetching metadata for topic

unexpected error fetching metadata for topic 该错误的原因和解决方法。

首先，需要了解一下什么是Kafka。

Kafka 是一种分布式的流处理平台，最初由LinkedIn 开发，现在由Apache 软件基金会进行维护。

Kafka 可以处理不同的流数据，并在数据生成和消费方之间提供高可靠性的数据传输服务。

它主要使用发布-订阅模式进行消息传递，即生产者将消息发布到Kafka 集群中的某个主题（topic）上，而消费者可以从该主题上订阅消息。

而在Kafka 中，消息被存储在分区（partition）中，每个分区可以被多个消费者并行消费。

每个分区都有一个唯一的id（即分区号），并逐个对消息进行编号。

那么，什么是metadata？Metadata（元数据）是指Kafka 与主题、分区、消费者组之间的初始信息。

当Kafka 集群启动时，会启动一个专门的Kafka 元数据服务，它负责维护Kafka 的元数据信息，包括：- 消费者组、生产者、主题等基本信息；- 生产者要在分区发放哪些消息；- 消费者组要从哪些主题的哪些分区消费数据；- 分区的数量、副本的数量和分区所在的Kafka 服务器等。

在Kafka 中，元数据被存储在ZooKeeper 中，并向Kafka 的生产和消费节点分发。

那么，出现"unexpected error fetching metadata for topic" 这个错误是什么意思呢？这个错误意味着Kafka 的生产和消费节点无法从ZooKeeper 中获取到与主题相关的元数据信息。

在Kafka 中，查询元数据是获取消费组信息和分配消费者和分区之间关系的重要步骤，若无法获取，后续的消费也会受到影响。

可能产生这种错误的原因有很多，我们来逐一分析。

1. 主题不存在或未创建如果尝试获取不存在的主题，或主题还未创建，将会出现这个错误。

解决方法：确认主题是否已创建，并在确认没问题后重启节点。

stable diffusion 提示词注释

stable diffusion 提示词注释
【介绍游戏《soupsoup 第一册第6 关》】
《soupsoup 第一册第6 关》是一款热门的益智类游戏，该游戏以生动的卡通画面和丰富的关卡设计吸引了大量玩家。

作为一款关卡制的游戏，每个关卡都有其独特的设计和难度，而第六关是其中颇具挑战性的一关。

【游戏背景和玩法】
《soupsoup 第一册第6 关》的游戏背景设定在一个充满趣味的奇幻世界，玩家需要通过解开谜题来帮助角色完成冒险。

游戏的玩法主要是通过点击、拖拽等操作，利用关卡中的各种道具和机关，使角色到达指定的终点。

【游戏关卡概述】
在第六关中，玩家需要操控角色穿过一片布满陷阱的迷宫。

关卡中设置了各种复杂的机关，如传送门、弹簧、传送带等，玩家需要巧妙地利用这些道具，使角色在不触发陷阱的情况下成功过关。

【攻略技巧与提示】
1.在游戏开始时，先观察关卡的布局和陷阱，找出可能的路线。

2.注意角色与陷阱之间的距离，避免在过于接近的情况下触发陷阱。

3.善用传送门、弹簧等道具，可以帮助角色更有效地避开陷阱。

4.在遇到困难时，可以尝试倒退或重新开始，以寻找更好的解决方案。

【总结与评价】
总的来说，《soupsoup 第一册第6 关》是一个富有挑战性和趣味性的游戏关卡。

玩家需要充分运用观察能力和解谜技巧，才能顺利通关。

coderstanding翻译

coderstanding翻译摘要：1.ClickHouse 简介2.批处理的概念3.ClickHouse 的批处理操作4.ClickHouse 批处理的优势5.ClickHouse 批处理的应用场景正文：【ClickHouse 简介】ClickHouse 是一款开源的列式数据库管理系统，它以高性能、可扩展性和低成本为主要特点，被广泛应用于大数据处理、数据仓库和数据分析等场景。

ClickHouse 采用分布式架构，支持数千个节点的集群，能够高效地存储和处理PB 级别的数据。

【批处理的概念】批处理是一种计算机程序执行方式，它将多个操作组合成一个批次，按照预定的顺序和规则依次执行。

批处理的主要目的是提高系统的执行效率，减少资源浪费和操作复杂度。

【ClickHouse 的批处理操作】在ClickHouse 中，批处理操作主要涉及到SQL 语句的执行。

用户可以将多个SQL 语句组合成一个批次，通过特定的命令提交给ClickHouse 执行。

ClickHouse 会按照批次中的顺序和规则依次执行每个SQL 语句，完成批量数据的导入、查询和更新等操作。

【ClickHouse 批处理的优势】1.高性能：ClickHouse 采用列式存储结构，能够高效地执行批量查询和数据处理任务，大大提高系统的性能。

2.可扩展性：ClickHouse 支持分布式架构，能够水平扩展到数千个节点，满足大规模数据的批处理需求。

3.易于管理：通过批处理操作，用户可以简化任务的管理和监控，提高工作效率。

【ClickHouse 批处理的应用场景】1.大规模数据导入：当需要将大量数据导入到ClickHouse 时，批处理可以提高数据导入的速度和效率。

2.批量数据查询：对于需要频繁执行的批量查询任务，批处理可以降低系统资源消耗，提高查询速度。

3.数据批量更新：在需要对大量数据进行更新的情况下，批处理可以减少操作次数，提高更新效率。

kafka 消息发往 partition 规则

kafka 消息发往 partition 规则Kafka是一个分布式消息系统，广泛用于大规模数据处理和实时数据流。

在Kafka中，消息被分发到不同的分区（Partition），并且每个分区可以在多个机器上进行副本复制。

对于生产者来说，如何将消息发送到合适的分区是一个重要的问题。

Kafka提供了一定的灵活性，使得生产者可以自定义消息发送到分区的规则。

下面介绍几种常见的分区规则。

1.默认的Round-robin规则：在没有指定分区键（Partition Key）的情况下，默认的分区规则是Round-robin（轮询）方式。

生产者将按照每个分区依次接收消息，实现负载均衡。

这种方式适合于消息的键（Key）没有特定要求的情况。

2.自定义分区规则：当需要根据特定的规则将消息发送到指定的分区时，可以使用自定义的分区规则。

生产者可以通过实现org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.Partitioner接口来定义自己的分区器。

自定义分区规则可以基于消息的键（Key），也可以基于其他信息进行计算，如时间戳等。

3.指定分区号：生产者在发送消息时，可以明确指定消息要发送到的分区号。

这种方式可以通过调用ProducerRecord的构造函数来实现。

指定分区号的方式非常灵活，可以根据具体的业务需求来决定。

4.一致性哈希分区规则：一致性哈希是一种常用的分布式算法，在Kafka中也可以用于分区规则的制定。

一致性哈希可以保证同一个Key的消息始终发送到同一个分区上，从而保证消息的顺序性。

生产者可以在自定义分区器中使用一致性哈希算法，按照特定的哈希函数将消息发送到相应的分区。

5.默认的分区规则和可靠性：Kafka的分区规则对于消息的可靠性也有一定影响。

默认的分区规则（Round-robin）在扩展分区时，可能会导致消息发送到新添加的分区上，从而导致消息的顺序性问题。

因此，在保证消息有序性的场景下，建议使用自定义分区规则。

思想家公社双描述符

思想家公社双描述符当必须从两个文件描述符读取信息的时候，我们不能在任何一个描述符上进行阻塞读（read）,否则可能会因为读操作阻塞在一个描述符上，从而导致另一个描述符无法处理。

观察Telnet命令telnet进程有两个输入，两个输出。

我们不能对两个输入中的任何一个使用阻塞read，因为我们不知道那个输入会先得到数据。

通常处理该问题有两种做法：1. 使用多进程或者多线程，分别处理一条数据通路。

但是却需要额外处理多进程或者多线程的同步问题，在程序的复杂性方面得不偿失。

2. 仍旧使用一个进程，但是对所有文件描述符使用非阻塞I/O读取数据，使用轮询的方式读取两个文件描述符。

这种方式最大的问题就是占用CPU时间，性能低下。

还有一种技术称为异步I/O。

利用这种技术，进程告诉内核：“当描述符准备好可以进行I/O时，通过一个信号通知它”。

这种技术有一个最大的问题是，每个进程只能有一个这种信号（SIGPOLL或SIGIO）。

如果该进程同时处理两个以上文件描述符，那么进程接受到该信号时候，将无法判断是哪一个描述符准备好了。

这时候我们需要用另外一种较好的技术-I/O多路转接，来解决该问题。

I/O多路转接的概念I/O多路转接技术，需要事先构造一张我们需要处理的文件描述符列表，然后调用一个函数检测该列表，直到这些描述符中的一个已经准备好可以进行I/O 时候，该函数才返回。

I/O多路转接的使用poll,pselect和select这3个函数是我们能够执行I/O多路转接。

从这些函数的返回值中，我们可以知道哪些描述符已经准备好可以进行I/O。

需要注意的是，不管一个描述符是否被设置为非阻塞，这些函数在检测描述符列表时，如果没有描述符准备好可以I/O，函数都会被阻塞，直到超时发生或者一致阻塞。

idea 的on frame deactivation

idea 的on frame deactivationOn frame deactivation, Idea could provide the following features:1. Customized reminders: Idea could offer reminders to users to complete any pending tasks or follow up on any ongoing discussions before they deactivate the frame. This would help users stay organized and keep track of important information.2. Automatic synchronization: Idea could automatically synchronize any unsaved changes or updates made within the frame to the user's account or device before deactivation. This would ensure that no data is lost during the process.3. Temporary pausing: Idea could give users the option to temporarily pause the deactivation process if they need more time to finish any ongoing tasks within the frame. This would allow users to complete their work uninterrupted.4. Exit survey: Idea could include an exit survey or feedback form when deactivating the frame, allowing users to provide feedback on their experience and suggestions for improvement. This information could be used to enhance future iterations of the frame feature.5. Notification to collaborators: Idea could send a notification to all collaborators within the frame, informing them about its impending deactivation. This would give them a chance to save any necessary information or transfer it to another platform.6. Archive feature: Instead of completely deactivating the frame,Idea could offer an archive feature that allows users to store the frame and its contents for future reference. This would be particularly useful if the frame contains valuable information or ongoing discussions.7. Collaboration summary: Idea could provide users with a summary of the collaborations, tasks, and discussions that took place within the frame before deactivation. This summary would serve as a handy reference for users to keep track of the work accomplished within the frame.Overall, these features would optimize the on frame deactivation experience, ensuring a smooth transition for users while still preserving their work and providing valuable feedback for Idea's improvement.。

python中kafkaproducer参数

python中kafkaproducer参数
在Python中，KafkaProducer是用于向Kafka集群发送消息的类。

KafkaProducer类有许多参数可以配置，以下是一些常见的参数：
1.bootstrap_servers：指定Kafka集群的地址，可以是多个地址，用逗号分隔。

2.client_id：指定生产者的客户端ID，用于标识生产者。

3.value_serializer：指定消息值的序列化器，可以将消息值转换为字节流。

4.key_serializer：指定消息键的序列化器，可以将消息键转换为字节流。

5.acks：指定消息确认的方式，可以是"all"（所有副本都写入）或"1"（至少一个副本写入）。

6.timeout：指定等待消息确认的时间（以秒为单位）。

7.max_batch_size：指定批处理消息的最大字节数。

8.linger_ms：指定批处理消息的延迟时间（以毫秒为单位）。

9.buffer_memory：指定生产者缓冲区的大小（以字节为单位）。

pression_type：指定压缩类型，可以是"none"、"gzip"、"snappy"等。

这些参数可以根据实际需求进行配置，以达到最佳的性能和可靠性。

请注意，以上参数只是KafkaProducer类的一部分参数，具体参数可能会因版本而异。

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NB: Version adopted by the World Assembly of Delegates of the OIE in May 2013
S E C T I O N2.2.
A P I N A E
I N T R O D U C T O R Y N O T E O N B E E D I S E A S E S
Bees are insects that are closely related to ants and wasps. There are many thousands of species
of bee, most of which are not social but solitary insects. The honey bee, Apis species, lives as a
colony, which is a family of social insects. A honey bee colony is a super-organism with important
implications for disease epidemiology, where disease transmission at both individual and colony
levels needs to be considered. There are many species and subspecies of honey bees that are
adapted to their environment.
Two species are important for bee keeping – the western honey bee Apis mellifera, and the eastern
honey bee A. cerana. The Western honey bee is native to the continents of Europe and Africa and
is the largest of the cavity-nesting honey bees. It is found in almost every country in the world.
Twenty-four subspecies of A. mellifera are currently recognised. At least two subspecies of
A. mellifera are of concern to managed beekeeping. The African bee, A.m. scutellata, was
accidentally introduced into South America and is known for its defensive behaviour. The Cape
bee, A.m. capensis, can be a major problem to other subspecies of A. mellifera as it is a serious
social parasite of these in a commercial beekeeping context.
It is thought that all bees are susceptible to the known diseases of bees, but different subspecies
may have varying susceptibility. The diagnosis and control of honey bee diseases at the colony
level is quite difficult. More than with other animals, the possibilities and the methods for clinical
observation and diagnosis applied depend on seasonal conditions. This is mainly aggravated in
regions with a reduced rearing of brood at certain times of the year, normally in winter, and the
temporal production of bee products. In terms of treatment with medicinal products and the
application of chemical disinfection methods, honey production should always be taken into account
as such treatments can contaminate bee products such as honey, wax and pollen.
When sampling a colony of bees for diagnosis of diseases, sampling of dead bees, if present, in or
outside the hive, might best reflect the health status of the colony. If live bees are to be sampled,
these must first be killed with diethyl ether or in a deep freezer (–20°C) overnight. Bees may also be
killed by submersion in 70% ethyl alcohol, e.g. when collected for diagnosis of acariosis (Acarapis).
Larval and pupal smears must be made when testing for brood diseases or a piece of comb
containing brood showing visible signs of disease may be sent to the laboratory. Honey bees are
susceptible to diseases caused by parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses. Honey bee colonies may
also be affected by various pests, predators and adverse environmental factors.
*
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OIE Terrestrial Manual 2013 1。