六西格玛入门课程系列003：测量阶段简介(双语)(专业经典系统,新手必备,建议收藏)

during crash!”我们想要
在碰撞中安全！
Process 过程
Make Seat Stamp
Frame 制造座椅
骨架:
Weld
Paint
Assemble
Weld Strength
To continually achieve higher levels of customer-perceived quality ..为了持续达到高水平
• Increase the average weld strength.提高平均焊接强度
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Determine Performance Standards
确定执行标准
• Specifications must be set from customer’s point of view. What specifications for weld strength would assure passenger safety all the time?必须从客户的角度设定
– Who will collect it?谁去收集数据？
Data Collection Sheet
Data: Time Period: Collected by:
Day 1 Fixture A Fixture B Fixture C Fixture D Fixture E Fixture F
Gage:
about.焊接强度是一
个“过程Y”，因为焊 接强度联系到客户的一
个关注点。
Make
Seat Frame Stamp 制造座 椅骨架:
Weld
Paint Assemble
Weld Strength
The Six Sigma team will focus
on reducing variation in weld
Sample Mean
Xbar Chart by Operator
Operaotopr*Pearrt aIntteoracrtiovn ariability)再现性
A verage
1.1
1
2
3
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9 0.8
UCL=0.8796 Mean=0.8075
0.9
0.7
LCL=0.7354
为了看到工作过程中的变差！
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Plan the Data Collection计划数据收集
Data Collection Sheet should address制定数据收集工作表:
– How will the data be collected? What Gage?如何收集数据？什么标
2. Understand what is meant by “Process Ys”.了解
什么是“过程Y”。
3. Interpret graphs of baseline data.解释说明基准数据的
图表。
4. Understand the importance of using measurement systems that are repeatable and reproducible.了解运用可重复和可再现测量系统的重要性。
23
456 Gage R&R:
78
Johnson Controls, Inc. ©
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Collect and Graph the Data
收集数据并制成图表
Set Target目标设定
Weld Strength
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Subgroup
Baseline Performance
0
10
20
Target Performance (Not Actual Data)
GAP
30
40
50
60
In this case, goal is to …
这个例子中，目标是。。。
• Reduce variability in weld strength, and减少焊接强度的变差
过程：制造座椅骨架
Stamp 冲压
Weld 焊接
Paint 油漆
Assemble 装配
Output输出
Seat Frame 座椅骨架
Notice that the process is “Make Seat Frame”, identified from customer’s view.请注意，从客户的角度确认过程是“制造座椅骨架” 。
CTQ有影响的子过程。
3. Determine what can be measured at the subprocess that has a strong linkage to the CTQ.确定子过程中，对CTQ影
响较大的什么是可以测量的。
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Six Sigma Breakthrough Strategy
六西格玛突破策略
Define
Measure
Analyze
Characterize Existing Process 描述、分析现有过程
Improve Control
Optimize the Process! 优化过程！
5. Set improvement target.
设定改进目标。
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High-level “As-Is” Process Map
详细的“As-Is” 过程图
Example from Seat Frame Plant来自座椅骨架厂的案例:
Process: Make Seat Frame
0.8
Operator
（操作者之间的12 变差）
3
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
Why do we n0 eed a gage with low variabPairtlity1 (2R3&R4 )5?6 7 8 9 10
为什么我们需要一个变差小的标准度量（R&R）?
In order to see the variability in the work process!
一个现有的工作过程创建基准执行 表现。
Remember记住: Measure what’s important
to the customer!测量对客
户重要的内容！
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Measure Phase: Baseline the Output
测量阶段：输出基准化
规范。什么规格的焊接强度会始终保障乘客的安全？
Baseline Capability for Weld Strength
焊接强度的基准性能
LSL
9%
Current State
Target
Current State 目前状态:
9% Defective
9%缺陷率
strength to assure passenger safety!六西格玛团队
将注重减小焊接强度的 变差以确保乘客安全！
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Verify the Measurement System验证测量系统
Gage R&R (ANOVA) for Response
Integrate into Daily Work
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Purpose of Measure Phase测量阶段的目标
To establish the baseline performance of an existing work process.为
2. Determine what to measure & verify measurement system.
确定测量什么&验证测量系统。
3. Determine performance standards.确定执行表现标准。
4. Plan, collect and graph data.
计划、收集数据，并制成图表。
Y = f(x)
• Output输出 • Inputs输入 • Effect结果 • Causes原因
During Measure Phase 测量阶段:
We measure the process output, Y. 我们测量
过程输出，Y。
5
Later in Analyze Phase 分析阶段:
准度量？
– How much data should be collected?收集多少数据？
– What data stratification (breakdown) will be useful?什么
层次（细目分类）的数据有用？
– When will the data be collected?什么时候收集数据？
的，其中交叉着各个生产座椅骨架必要的子过程。
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Determine what to Measure (Process Y)
确定测量什么（过程Y）
Customers客户: People who ride in Vehicle 乘车的人