主从复合句定语从句与易混句型
四种易混句型的用法比较
四种易混句型的用法比较崔长平河南遂平中学（463100）在高中英语复习备考中，我们常常会遇到it be … since …，it be … before …, it be … that …和this is …（that）…这四种句型，由于它们很近似，故而易混易错、难于掌握。
现将此四种句型在用法上比较如下：Ⅰ. it be … since …在英语中，有一些非延续性动词，它们在完成时态中是不能与持续性状语连用的。
这类非延续性动词常见的有：go, come, leave, arrive, return, begin, borrow, die, lose, reach, fall, discover, jump, become, join, get up 等。
既要使用非延续性动词又要使用持续性状语来表达的时候，我们经常会用到it be ＋表示一段时间的名词（名词词组，形容词等）＋since短语或从句这一句型。
It is three days since Mr. Smith left Hong Kong.（Mr. Smith已经离开香港三天了。
）It is just a week since we arrived here.(我们到达这里刚好一周。
)It is a long time since I met you last.(从我上次见到你到现在已有好长一段时间了。
)■在这一句型中，since从句经常使用一般过去时，主句中使用一般现在时或现在完成时来表达“从过去到现在”这一完成时意义。
It is / has been a long time since we met last.How long is it since he left NewYork？How long has it been since they reached London?It has been / is over sixty years since the People′s Republic of China was established.■表达“现在完成时”意义时，偶尔也会见到主、从句中均使用现在完成时的用法。
初中英语语法主从复合句
初中英语语法主从复合句主从复合句是指由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
从句在句子中充当一个名词、形容词或副词的角色。
主从复合句的主句表示一个完整的意思，而从句则依附在主句中，充当主句的一个组成部分。
以下是主从复合句的几种常见类型：1. 名词从句名词从句在句子中充当主句的宾语、主语、表语或介词宾语等角色。
例如：- I know [that she is my friend].（宾语从句）- [What you said] makes sense.（主语从句）- His hope is [that he will win the game].（表语从句）- She is interested in [what you are doing].（介词宾语从句）2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，通常用来提供额外的信息。
通常由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）引导。
例如：- The boy [who is sitting over there] is my classmate.- This is the book [that I bought yesterday].- The woman [whose car was stolen] reported it to the police.3. 状语从句状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，提供额外的信息。
常见的状语从句有时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句和方式状语从句等。
例如：- She went to bed [after she finished her homework].（时间状语从句）- He failed the exam [because he didn't study].（原因状语从句）- They are so tired [that they can't walk anymore].（结果状语从句）- If it rains tomorrow, [we will stay at home].（条件状语从句）- He did it [in the way that she had instructed].（方式状语从句）以上是主从复合句的几种常见类型，。
定语从句与易混淆句型
Let’s have a try at once
• She expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.
同位语从句：they would come to visit China 对hope 进行具体的解释说明。
• The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.
4. (1) Is this school __D___ you ever visited? (2) Is this the school __A___ you ever studied? (3) Is this the school in __B___ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the one
定语从句与并列句的主要区别： 并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词 或两个句子用分号连接， 这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
Practice:
① Mr. Smith made a lot of money，
most of ____ was spent helping the poor．
②It is the factory w__h_e_re_ Mr. Wang works．
强调句的结构为: “It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句” 强调句检测的标准： 先把It is／was, that去掉，再把被强调部分还原， 在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下， 如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。
定语从句易混淆句型练习:
Practice !!!
复合句的五种基本句型
复合句的五种基本句型从古代至今，文学作品中所使用的语言都具有句型结构。
句有主干、表示关系的派生元素以及表示情绪的修辞内容组成，其中最主要也是最重要的是复合句的五种基本句型，这五种基本句型包括：并列句、转折句、主从句、定语句和名词性从句。
首先，关于并列句，它是由两个或两个以上的并列成分组成的句子，每个并列成分都可以单独作为一句，而它们之间又有逻辑关系，往往会用关联词连接。
如：“他去图书馆借书，然后去公园散步”。
并列句可以用来让文章条理更清晰，让文章内容更容易理解。
其次是转折句，转折句是由两个分句组成的句子，它们之间通过转折词连接，前一分句所表达的意思被后一分句所反驳和否定。
例如：“他说他不喜欢音乐，实际上却每晚都在听歌。
”转折句可以强调语句的对比性，增加句子的表达力度，使文章变得更有趣。
主从句是定语从句与主句之间的关系，它是由一个主句与一个定语从句组成的句子，定语从句一般可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。
例如：“他正在读一本书，那本书是他最喜欢的书。
”定语从句有助于强调主句的中心意思，以相对确定的方式描述某一事物，增强叙述的紧凑性以及便于表达语句的深度。
紧接着的是名词性从句，它是以名词为中心，表达事实或情况的句子，它也可以用作主句或从句，而其中也可以出现许多表示关系的关联词。
例如：“他打算做什么，还不太清楚。
”名词性从句营造出一种悬而未解的感觉，增强文章的表达力，以及增强文章的紧张感。
最后，要提及的是定语句，它是指用来限定某一特定的成分的句子，它也可以是一个简单句，也可以是复合句，定语句中可以使用名词、形容词、状语等来限定句意的范围。
例如：“他穿着一件黑色的外衣，站在那里看着天空。
”定语句可以把物体描述得更加生动形象，使文章内容更有感染力。
总之，复合句的五种基本句型有着各自独特的表达方式，可以使文章更加丰富，更加有力，使文章充满表现力。
因此，正确使用复合句五种基本句型是构建文学作品的有效方法，也是提高文学表达能力的必修课程。
主从复合句及定语从句
主从复合句及“定语从句”1. 主从复合句的概念：即上一章所提的由两个或两个以上的分句构成一个复杂句，其中一个为主句，其余的分句为主句的成分。
2. 主句和从句的逻辑关系分类：1) 从句作主句的定语（修饰主句中的一个名词短语或代词），这种从句叫定语从句。
具体见下节。
2) 从句做主句的状语。
这种从句叫状语从句。
3) 从句象一个名词结构一样，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，这种从句叫名词性从句。
3. 从句的结构：所有从句)的结构都是这个模式：连词(或称从句引导词，单纯只起连接作用或兼作从句成分)+主语部分+谓语部分。
4. 定语从句1) 定语从句的概念：跟在一个名词短语或代词后面，修饰该名词短语或代词的一个分句。
被修饰的名词短语或代词叫先行词。
如下列例句中的____部分为主句，黑斜体部分为先行词，部分为定语从句部分：Justin’s mother, who was working that night, was surprised that his son did not tell anyone that he was stayingStanding inside were lots of white-skinned strange-looking creatures which had large black eyes.在定语从句中，从句引导词既连接从句和主句又作从句的成分。
共分为三类(1) 关系代词，在定语从句中指代先行词，作定语从句的主语、宾语或表语。
包括：①指代人(也就是引导修饰人的定语从句) 的关系代词who, whom, that，其中who和that既可以作主语也可以做宾语，whom只可以作宾语。
作表语只用that。
如：The police officer who / that had ruled out the possibility of murder was very experienced.(who / that作定语从句The boy who(m) / that they found missing was called Justin Foster.(who / whom / that作定语从句的谓语动词)Tom is not the small boy that he used to be. (that在从句中作表语)) 的关系代词which和that，两者都既可以作主语也可以做宾语。
初中英语语法全解——主从复合句
初中英语语法全解——主从复合句一、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。
I wonder what she’ll say when she finds out.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.1.由that引导的宾语从句①当从句部分表示陈述语气时，有连接词that引导宾语从句，that只充当引导词，没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中that可以省略。
that引导的宾语从句可以作动词或形容词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
You might think those products were made in those countries.I am glad that you have come.②下列情况that不能省略：（1）当出现两歌或两个以上的that引导宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。
She told me（that）the film was very good and that she wanted to see it again.（2）当宾语从句的主语是this/that时，引导词that不能省略。
She said that that was a secret.（3）当that引导的宾语从句中又有从句时，that不能省略。
Studies show that if you are interested in something.2.由whether/if引导的宾语从句①当从句表示一种疑问语气时，由whether/if引导的宾语从句、whether/if在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含义，在句中不能省略。
I’ll see whether she’s at home.②whether和if通常可以通用，但下列情况只能用whether，不能用if。
主从复合句定语从句与易混句型
7. (1)It was such an easy question _____ they could answer. (2)It was such an easy question _____ they could answer it. as that 8. (1)That is the house, ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. (2)That is the house, of ______ the windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. (3)That is the house, but ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. whose which its
2. 先行词与定语从句谓语动词的主谓关系
1)误: Those who breaks the rule should be punished.
正: Those who break the rule should be punished.
2)误: She is the only one of the students who are able to play the guitar. 正: She is the only one of the students who is able to play the guitar.
11) 误: The house which roof was damaged has now been repaired. 正: The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. 12) 误: Hangzhou is a city which there is a beautiful lake . 正: Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。
因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。
定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。
为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。
一、定语从句与并列句1．用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．③Mr Li has three daughters； _____ are doctors．2．定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them；③小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺少主语，故填none或they。
二、定语从句与地点状语从句1．用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①Rice doesn't grow well _____ there is not enough water．②I still remember the farm _____ my parents worked ten years ago．2．定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。
因此，从结构上看，①小题无表示地点的先行词，故为表示地点的状语从句，填where；②小题中the farm是先行词，是定语从句，故填where，此处的 where可用on which替换。
三、定语从句与强调句1．用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
初中英语知识点归纳复合句的分类和用法
初中英语知识点归纳复合句的分类和用法复合句是由两个或更多的独立分句（主句）和一个或多个依存分句（从句）组成的句子。
复合句常常用来表达更加复杂的含义和关系。
本文将对初中英语中复合句的分类和用法进行归纳总结。
一、复合句的分类根据从句和主句的关系，复合句可分为三类：主从复合句、并列复合句和复合并列句。
1. 主从复合句主从复合句是指从属连词引导的从句和主句构成的复合句结构。
根据从属连词的不同，主从复合句可分为以下几种类型：(1) 名词性从句：充当主语、宾语或表语的从句。
例如：I know that he is a good student.（我知道他是一个好学生。
）What she said was very interesting.（她说的很有趣。
）(2) 定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。
例如：The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
）The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.（坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
）(3) 状语从句：修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句。
例如：He will call me when he arrives.（他到达时会给我打电话。
）She is happy because she passed the exam.（她因为通过了考试而很开心。
）2. 并列复合句并列复合句是由两个或更多的并列分句构成的复合句结构，表示并列关系。
主要有以下几种形式：(1) 并列连词连接：用于连接并列分句的连词有and、or、but等。
例如：I like apples and she likes oranges.（我喜欢苹果，她喜欢橙子。
）You can go home or you can stay here.（你可以回家或者留在这里。
主从复合句的五种基本句型例句
主从复合句的五种基本句型例句一、主从复合句的概念主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
从句在主句中充当某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
二、主从复合句的五种基本句型及例句1. 主语从句- 句型结构：从句作主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。
- 例句：What he said is very important.（他所说的话非常重要。
在这个句子中，“What he said”是主语从句，在整个句子中充当主语，“is”是谓语）2. 宾语从句- 句型结构：主句主语 + 谓语 + 宾语从句（引导词 + 陈述语序句子）。
- 例句：I think that he will come.（我认为他会来。
“I”是主句主语，“think”是谓语，“that he will come”是宾语从句，作“think”的宾语）3. 表语从句- 句型结构：主句主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句。
- 例句：The problem is when we can get a pay rise.（问题是我们什么时候能涨工资。
“The problem”是主句主语，“is”是系动词，“when we can get a pay rise”是表语从句）4. 定语从句- 句型结构：主句（先行词 + 定语从句）。
- 例句：I like the book which/that was written by Lu Xun.（我喜欢鲁迅写的那本书。
“I”是主句主语，“like”是谓语，“the book”是先行词，“which/that was written by Lu Xun”是定语从句，用来修饰“the book”）5. 状语从句- 句型结构：主句 + 状语从句（根据不同的状语从句类型，引导词和结构有所不同）。
- 例句：When I was young, I liked reading very much.（当我年轻的时候，我非常喜欢阅读。
复合句的具体类型
复合句的具体类型复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
根据从句的不同用途和结构，复合句可以分为多种类型。
下面将列举10个不同类型的复合句，并对它们进行详细解释。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句中充当名词的角色，可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
例如：- 他告诉我他会来的消息。
（作为主语）- 我相信你会成功的。
（作为宾语）- 重要的是你尽力了。
（作为表语）- 我听说他的消息是真的。
（作为同位语）2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，并且不可分离。
它通常出现在被修饰词之后。
例如：- 我喜欢的那本书是《傲慢与偏见》。
- 我认识的那个人是一个律师。
- 我找的那家餐厅在市中心。
3. 状语从句状语从句用来表示时间、条件、原因、目的、方式等等。
它通常出现在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。
例如：- 我会去参加聚会，只要我有时间。
（条件）- 他因为生病所以没来上班。
（原因）- 为了保护环境，我们应该减少使用塑料袋。
（目的）4. 转折从句转折从句用来表示与主句相对立的意思。
它通常出现在主句之后，用来表达对比或转折的关系。
例如：- 虽然天气很热，但他还是坚持锻炼身体。
- 尽管她努力学习，但成绩并不好。
5. 结果从句结果从句用来表示主句的结果或后果。
它通常出现在主句之后，用来表达因果关系。
例如：- 他学习很努力，所以考试取得了好成绩。
- 她没有按时交作业，因此被扣了分。
6. 目的从句目的从句用来表示主句的目的或意图。
它通常出现在主句之后，用来表达目的或目标。
例如：- 我给你发短信是为了告诉你一个好消息。
- 他买了新的电脑，以便能更高效地工作。
7. 条件从句条件从句用来表示主句发生的条件。
它通常出现在主句之前，用来表示条件或假设。
例如：- 如果明天下雨，我们就取消郊游计划。
- 你如果需要帮助，随时告诉我。
8. 原因从句原因从句用来表示主句的原因或理由。
它通常出现在主句之前，用来解释主句的原因。
例如：- 因为他生病了，所以没来上课。
英文中的复合句
英文中的复合句是指在句子中包含一个或多个从句的句子。
从句在主句中起从属作用，不能独立成为句子。
从句通常由关联词引导，并位于主句的句首或句末。
复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，通常包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。
下面我们将分点来详细解释英文中的复合句：一、主语从句主语从句是指在复合句中充当主语的从句。
它通常由连接词（如that，who，what，which 等）引导，表示一个句子。
例如：“What I want to know is when he will come back.”（我想要了解的是他何时回来。
）在这个句子中，“when he will come back”是一个主语从句，由连接词when引导，并在句子中充当主语。
二、表语从句表语从句是指在复合句中充当表语的从句。
它通常由连接词（如that，which，how等）引导，表示一个句子。
例如：“The problem is where we will hold the meeting.”（问题是我们将在哪里举行会议。
）在这个句子中，“where we will hold the meeting”是一个表语从句，由连接词where引导，并在句子中充当表语。
三、宾语从句宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的从句。
它通常由连接词（如that，whether，if等）引导，表示一个从属关系的句子。
例如：“I don't know where he lives.”（我不知道他住在哪里。
）在这个句子中，“where he lives”是一个宾语从句，由连接词where引导，并在句子中充当宾语。
四、定语从句定语从句是指在复合句中充当定语的从句。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，表示一个句子。
定语从句通常修饰一个名词或代词，起到限定、描述或解释的作用。
例如：“The man who lives next door is my neighbor.”（住在我隔壁的那个人是我的邻居。
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分
定语从句与六种易混句型巧划分一、定语从句定语从句which / that /who / whose / whom / as / when / where / whybank which / that was opened last week is a very modern one. architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.island, which is at the mouth of the river, is being developed as a scenic spot.son, who is a surgeon, is now in Swedenas a visiting scholar. man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.room in which my family live used to be a garage.is the book ( which / that ) I referred to in my talk.is a teacher ( whom / that ) we all have high respect for.1.This is the best film that has ever been made.2.The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.3.The only furniture that he had in the room was a bed anda small desk.4. That is all that I want to say./ Is there anythingthat I can do for you?5.They talked about persons and things that theyremembered in the school.6.Is there any book that I can refer to?7.Who is the girl that is standing at the school gate?Which is the book that you want to borrow?hero whose left leg he lost in the war is well looked after.the hill were maple trees whose leaves had turned red.On the hill were maple trees the leaves of which had turned red.On the hill were maple trees of which the leaves had turned red.He is a teacher, as / which is clear from his manner.As is natural, she married an American businessman.He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. They stayed for the night in the same room as / that they had once rented.I still remember the day when / on which we first met.We will never forget the day which we spent together.We will never forger the day when we worked together.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, where thereare many plants.This is the reason why / for which he left the company.This is the reason which he gave us for his action.This is the reason why he did that thing.二、定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相像，十分简单混杂。
定语从句和其他易混句型的区别及典型练习
定语从句和其他易混句型对比和区别一.定语从句与并列句1.并列句用分号（;)或连接词aｎd, but来连接。
2.定语从句用关系词来引导,关系词具有两个作用:一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接(主句和从句）作用,二是充当从句中的一个成分。
练习:１.Mr Li has threｅdaughters，nonｅof____＿＿__ is an engｉneer.2.Ｍr Lｉhas tｈrｅe daughters, bｕt ｎoneｏf_＿＿＿＿__＿＿_iｓａｄanceｒ.３.Ｍr Lｉｈas tｈｒｅe daｕghterｓ; __＿_____＿_aｒe docｔｏrs.二．定语从句与地点状语从句1.ｗheｒe引导的定语从句用来修饰表示地点意义的名词或代词,可以改成“介词＋which”。
２. where引导的地点状语从句用来修饰动词,表示动作发生或存在的地点,不可改成“介词+which”。
3.做题时,先根据句意确定有无先行词。
如有,是定语从句,如无,是状语从句。
对比下面两个句子:Hｅｌeｆｔthe key ｗheｒe he had beｅn ａn ｈouｒaｇｏ.Hｅlｅfｔthe ｐlａｃe ｗhere he liveｄｆｏr manyｙｅarｓ.练习:１.Ricｅdoｅｓｎ’t grow well _____ ｔhere is noｔｅnｏuｇh wａter.2．I stｉll reｍemｂer the farｍ__＿__mｙparentｓｗorkｅd ten ｙｅars ago.3. Thｅｖisitor ａsｋeｄtｈe guide to takｅｈis ｐiｃture _＿___ stａｎｄs tｈｅfamoｕｓtow ｅr.Ａ. tｈat B. ｗｈerｅＣ. ｗhich D. thｅrｅ三.定语从句与强调句1.强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子,也就是说，强调句型中去掉It ｂe… tｈａt后，句子仍然通顺,意义也依然完整,只是没有那么强调突出。
(完整版)定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分
定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句定语从句which / that /who / whose / whom / as / when / where / why1.That bank which / that was opened last week is a very modern one.2.An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.1.The island, which is at the mouth of the river, is being developed asa scenic spot.2.My son, who is a surgeon, is now in Sweden as a visiting scholar.3.The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.4.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.1.That is the book ( which / that ) I referred to in my talk.2.He is a teacher ( whom / that ) we all have high respect for.1.This is the best film that has ever been made.2.The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.3.The only furniture that he had in the room was a bed and a smalldesk.4.That is all that I want to say. / Is there anything that I cando for you?5.They talked about persons and things that they remembered inthe school.6.Is there any book that I can refer to?7.Who is the girl that is standing at the school gate?Which is the book that you want to borrow?1.The hero whose left leg he lost in the war is well looked after.2.On the hill were maple trees whose leaves had turned red.On the hill were maple trees the leaves of which had turned red. On the hill were maple trees of which the leaves had turned red.He is a teacher, as / which is clear from his manner.As is natural, she married an American businessman.He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.They stayed for the night in the same room as / that they had once rented.I still remember the day when / on which we first met.We will never forget the day which we spent together.We will never forger the day when we worked together.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, where there are many plants.This is the reason why / for which he left the company.This is the reason which he gave us for his action.This is the reason why he did that thing.二、定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。
复合句六个句型
复合句六个句型摘要：一、复合句的概念与作用二、六大句型简介1.状语从句2.定语从句3.名词性从句4.副词性从句5.动词性从句6.形容词性从句三、复合句的运用与实例分析1.状语从句2.定语从句3.名词性从句4.副词性从句5.动词性从句6.形容词性从句四、复合句的注意事项1.句子结构的清晰2.从句与主句的逻辑关系3.避免不必要的从句嵌套复合句是英语中一种重要的句子结构，通过连接词将两个或多个简单句组合在一起，形成一个具有完整意义的句子。
复合句能够使句子更加丰富、表达更加准确，是英语学习者在写作和口语表达中需要熟练掌握的技巧。
本文将介绍六大常见的复合句句型，包括状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句、副词性从句、动词性从句和形容词性从句。
这些句型分别具有不同的功能和特点，可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用复合句。
1.状语从句：状语从句主要用于修饰主句的动作或状态，表示时间、地点、原因、结果等关系。
状语从句通常由连词（如：when、where、why、how 等）引导，有时也可以由副词（如：now、then、there 等）或介词（如：before、after、since 等）引导。
例如：When I arrived, they had already left.（当我到达时，他们已经离开了。
）2.定语从句：定语从句主要用于修饰名词或代词，表示与先行词的关系。
定语从句通常由关系代词（如：who、whom、whose、which、that 等）或关系副词（如：where、when、why 等）引导。
例如：The book, which is on the table, is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的。
）3.名词性从句：名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用，可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。
名词性从句通常由连接代词（如：what、who、whom、whose、which、that 等）或连接副词（如：where、when、why 等）引导。
主从复合句--定语从句
主从复合句--定语从句定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
①定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。
如：The man who has an umbrella in hishand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。
)②语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。
③关系代词或关系副词的作用：关系代词who、whom和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。
which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。
This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking forthese days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。
) / Please find a room which is bigenough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。
)关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。
如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。
) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
)④限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。
非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。
如：She spent the whole eveningtalking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。
复合句的构成与常见连接词
复合句的构成与常见连接词复合句是由两个或多个简单句通过连接词或连接词组组合而成的复合结构。
它可以丰富句子结构，增加句子信息量，使语言表达更加精准和灵活。
本文将介绍复合句的构成和常见的连接词。
一、复合句的构成1. 主从复合句：由一个主句和一个从句组成。
从句可以充当主句的主语、宾语、表语或状语。
以下是几种常见的主从复合句结构。
1）主语从句：由一个从句充当主句的主语，常用的连接词有：that, whether, if等。
例句：Whether you like it or not, we have to go.2）宾语从句：由一个从句充当主句的宾语，常用的连接词有：that, whether, if, what, who, whom, which, whose等。
例句：I don't know what he is talking about.3）表语从句：由一个从句充当主句的表语，常用的连接词有：that, whether, if等。
例句：The problem is whether we can find a solution.4）状语从句：由一个从句充当主句的状语，常用的连接词有：although, as, because, since, when, while等。
例句：Although it was raining, she went out.2. 并列复合句：由两个或多个相互平行的简单句通过连接词或连接词组组合而成。
以下是几种常见的并列复合句结构。
1）并列主语：两个或多个主语对等，常用的连接词有：and, or等。
例句：Mary and John are good friends.2）并列谓语：两个或多个谓语对等，常用的连接词有：and, or等。
例句：He loves reading and writing.3）并列宾语：两个或多个宾语对等，常用的连接词有：and, or等。
例句：I want an apple and a banana.4）并列状语：两个或多个状语对等，常用的连接词有：and, or等。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
11) 误: The house which roof was damaged has now been repaired. 正: The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. 12) 误: Hangzhou is a city which there is a beautiful lake . 正: Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.
11. (1) It was 1945 ______ the World War II ended. (2) It was in 1945 ______ the World War II ended. when that 12. (1) Do you know the girl calling herself Miss Forgetful? (2) Do you know the girl ______ calls herself Miss Forgetful? who
9. (1) John said he’d been working in the office for hours, ______ was true. (2) John said he’d been working in the office for hours, but ______ not true. which it 10. (1) A few people were caught in the big fire, two of ____ died. (2) A few people were caught in the big fire, and two of ____ were dead. whom them
3. 介词误用
1)误: This is the very ruler for which I'm looking. 正: This is the very ruler that I'm looking for. 2) 误: hich this is an example, are well written. 正: The stories about the Long March, of which this is an example, are well written.
5)误: This is the very present which my mother gave me. 正: This is the very present that my mother gave me. 6)误: Which is the bike which is made in Shanghai? 正: Which is the bike that is made in Shanghai?
5. (1)This is ______ he said at he meeting yesterday. (2)This is all ____ he said at the meeting yesterday. what that 6. (1) ____ is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams. (2) ____ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams. (3) ____ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams. As It What
4. 关系词省略错误
1) 误: Anyone breaks the law must be punished. 正: Anyone who breaks the law must be punished. 2) 误: Is this the factory you worked five years ago? 正: Is this the factory where/at which you worked five years ago?
13. (1) Don’t talk about such things ______ you are not sure of. (2) Don’t talk about such things of _____ you are not sure. as which 14. (1) He wrote the best composition, ____ surprised all of us. (2) He wrote the best composition ____ we all read just now. which that
7. (1)It was such an easy question _____ they could answer. (2)It was such an easy question _____ they could answer it. as that 8. (1)That is the house, ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. (2)That is the house, of ______ the windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. (3)That is the house, but ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. whose which its
二、定语从句常见错误分析
1.定语从句中代词或状语与关系词重复
1)误: The watch which my sister gave it to me as a present was made in Swiss. 正: The watch which my sister gave to me as a present was made in Swiss. 2)误: That's the hotel where we spent three days there. 正: That's the hotel where we spent three days.
5. 其他错误
1) 误: All which you have done is not necessary. 正: All that you have done is not necessary. 2) 误: Great changes have taken place in the city where we visited last year. 正: Great changes have taken place in the city that we visited last year.
3. (1)The teacher didn’t know the reason _____
she was absent yesterday.
(2)The teacher couldn’t accept the reason
______ she explained yesterday.
why that 4. (1)Is this school the _____ you ever visited? (2)Is this the school _____ you ever studied? (3)Is this the school in _____ you studied? one where which
正: My sister, whom you met in Guangzhou, has bought a new car.
15) 误: That's the way which they work.
正: That's the way (that/in which) they work.
• 1. The book was written in 1946, ______ when the education system has witnessed great charges. • since • 2. He was educated at the local high school, ______ which he went on to Beijing University. • after
2. 先行词与定语从句谓语动词的主谓关系
1)误: Those who breaks the rule should be punished.
正: Those who break the rule should be punished.
2)误: She is the only one of the students who are able to play the guitar. 正: She is the only one of the students who is able to play the guitar.
正: Mrs Brown has made the same mistakes as Mr Brown.
9)误: The old man whom I think is dying is really very strong in face. 正: The old man who I think is dying is really very strong in face. 10)误: He is not the man who he was before. 正: He is not the man that he was before.
13) 误: Those that want to buy the house may sign their names first.