定语从句与十一种句型易混辨析

定语从句与十一种句型易混辨析
鲁山一高徐焕焕
一．定语从句与并列句
① He has many friends, none of whom say he is greedy.
② He has many friends, but none of them say he is greedy.
定语从句与主句之间是一种主从关系，需关系词将两者连接，如句①，故填whom ；并列句是由并列连词等连接起来的句子，此时不再需要关系词了，如句②，故填代词them.
二．定语从句与强调句
①It was in Wuhan that Jill met the girl and adopted her.
②It was in Wuhan where Jill met the girl and adopted her.
强调句型的结构式: “ It is／was＋被强调部分＋that 从句”判断是不是强调句标准是：先把It is／was… that去掉，剩下的句子如果仍然成立，则为强调句型，如句①，故填that，否则为定语从句，如句②，故填where.
三．定语从句与强调句在特定语境中的区分
----Where did you meet him?
-----It was in the factory B he worked.
A. that
B. where
从语法结构上分析，A 、B两个选项都合适，填 A ，是强调句型，填 B ，是定语从句；但是结合语境，填A句意为“他是在这个工厂工作的，”答非所问，而填B句意为“是在他工作的工厂里，”符合语境，故正确答案只能是B.
四．定语从句与结果状语从句
① I want to have the same dictionary as he has.
② She is such a kind teacher that all of us respect her.
如果as, that在引导的从句中充当一定成分，则它们引导的是定语从句，如句①, 故填as ；相反，如果它们只起连接作用，则它们引导的是结果状语从句，如句②，故填that.
五．定语从句与地点状语从句
①We should go to the place where／in which we are needed most.
②We should go where we are needed most.
where引导定语从句，其前一定要有表地点的先行词，而且可以用“介词＋which”替代where ，如句①, “place”做先行词，故填where／in which ；而地点状语从句前无先行词，只能用where引导地点状语从句，如句②，故填where.
六．定语从句与固定句型
①It was the time when the two countries were at war.
②It was the first time that she had ever left her motherland.
句①中time是先行词，其后是when引导的定语从句；句②是固定句型：It ＋is／was＋序数词＋time＋that从句.
七．定语从句与两个简单句
①I found a note on the table, which read: “I’ve left for Harbin.”
②I found a note on the table. It read: “I’ve left for Harbin.”
含有定语从句的复合句，有主句，有从句，即定语从句，必须要有关系词，如句①；而两个简单句是两个独立的完整的句子，不需要关系词，如句②。

八．定语从句与表语从句
①This is all that he said at the meeting yesterday.
②This is what he said at the meeting yesterday.
句①是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all ；句②what引导的从句在主句中做表语，所以是表语从句。

九. 定语从句与主语从句
① B is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams.
② A is reported in the newspapers that they have beaten all the other teams.
③ D is reported in the newspapers is that they have beaten all the other teams.
A. It
B. As
C. Which
D. What
句①As是引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个主句；句②中It做形式主语，引导的从句是真正的主语，因此是主语从句；句③中What引导的从句在整个主句中处于主语的位置，因此引导的是主语从句。

十．定语从句与非谓语短语做定语
① Do you know the girl D calling herself Miss Forgetful?
② Do you know the girl A callS herself Miss Forgetful?
A. who
B. whom
C. she
D. ／
非谓语短语与定语从句一样具有修饰，限定名词，代词的功能，不同的是前者是短语做后置定语，如句①；而后者是一个完整的句子做定语如句②。

十一。

定语从句和同位语从句
① The plan that Mr.Lee drew up last week was very good．
② The plan that we should build another lad building was very good.
定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，形式上非常相似，尤其是由that引导时，最难区分。

实际上，两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同，与先行词的关系不同。

句①中，that引导的从句限定了先行词plan的范围，但并未说明方案的内容，that在从句中作宾语，是关系代词，故可以省略，因此，该从句是个定语从句。

句②中that引导的从句说明了方案的内容，that在从句中不担任任何成份，只起连词作用，但又不能省略，是个从属连词，因此，该从句是个同位语从句。

河南省平顶山市鲁山一高英语组徐焕焕。