汉英翻译课件之 句子翻译之主语确定
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---The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.
胎又瘪了。
--the tire turns flat again. ---we have got another flat tire.
空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。
With a concept inspired by the Silk Road, our Torch relay will travel through Greece, Egypt, Rome, Mesopotamia, Persia, India and China, carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics”.
句子翻译
之 主语确定
汉语句子中主语可由不同类型的词语充当，主语隐 含或无主语的情况时有发生。
例如： 校门口今天停满了小汽车。 星期天下大雨。 每隔两个铺面就是一条仿宋标语。 在桌子上有两本字典。 空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。
必须对党员，特别是领导干部要严格要求，严格 管理，严格监督。 起大风了。
英语句子则主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名 词性词语或主格人称代词充当。
在英语里，除祈使句等外，句子必须要有主语，否则 就不成句子。
We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned.
我们相互支持，平等互利，讲求实效，形式多样，共 同发展，这些方面都取得了举世瞩目的ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้就。
We have been supporting each other in our pursuit for common development on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and have taken pragmatic approaches in various forms; and our achievements have attracted world attention.
公园里设有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚在一起 操练。
In public parks there are special English corners where English learners, old and young, gather at regular time to practice their oral English.
❖ 汉译英时主语确定
1 以原文主语作为译文主语；
当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词 或主格人称代词充当时，我们可以以原主语 作为英译文的主语。
我们的房子是十年前建造的。---Our house was built over ten years ago.
如果不适当处理，锅炉及机动车排出的废气就 会造成城市空气污染。--Exhaust from boiler and vehicles, unless properly treated, may cause air pollution in cities.
---In the wilderness, her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves.
她从来没有想到他是个不道德的人。
--It never occurs to her that he was an immoral man.
他只要听到几句恭维的话就会得意忘形。
2 重新确定主语
由于中国人和英美人的思维方式和语言习惯存在较 大差异，汉语主语并非总能完全对应地转换英语 中。
在许多情况下，我们需要重新选择和确定主语，以 保证译文行文流畅，语言自然地道。
鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜媚骨。
--Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness.
我们每个人都知道，大气污染不仅影响了环境，而且 严重损害了人的健康，大大缩短了人的寿命。
Everyone of us knows that air pollution does more than affect our environment; it cripples and shortens the lives of human beings.
Despite the serious damage in flooding, China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding.
The first and basic experience gained in our financial work over the last years was that it is correct to secure supplies through economic growth.
--Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy and obsequiousness.
世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
---At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
假日里，青年人成双成对漫步在公园里。--The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.
基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力，将途径 希腊，埃及，美索不达米亚，波斯，印度和中国， 这些都以共享和平，共享奥运为主题。
胎又瘪了。
--the tire turns flat again. ---we have got another flat tire.
空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。
With a concept inspired by the Silk Road, our Torch relay will travel through Greece, Egypt, Rome, Mesopotamia, Persia, India and China, carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics”.
句子翻译
之 主语确定
汉语句子中主语可由不同类型的词语充当，主语隐 含或无主语的情况时有发生。
例如： 校门口今天停满了小汽车。 星期天下大雨。 每隔两个铺面就是一条仿宋标语。 在桌子上有两本字典。 空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。
必须对党员，特别是领导干部要严格要求，严格 管理，严格监督。 起大风了。
英语句子则主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名 词性词语或主格人称代词充当。
在英语里，除祈使句等外，句子必须要有主语，否则 就不成句子。
We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned.
我们相互支持，平等互利，讲求实效，形式多样，共 同发展，这些方面都取得了举世瞩目的ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้就。
We have been supporting each other in our pursuit for common development on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and have taken pragmatic approaches in various forms; and our achievements have attracted world attention.
公园里设有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚在一起 操练。
In public parks there are special English corners where English learners, old and young, gather at regular time to practice their oral English.
❖ 汉译英时主语确定
1 以原文主语作为译文主语；
当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词 或主格人称代词充当时，我们可以以原主语 作为英译文的主语。
我们的房子是十年前建造的。---Our house was built over ten years ago.
如果不适当处理，锅炉及机动车排出的废气就 会造成城市空气污染。--Exhaust from boiler and vehicles, unless properly treated, may cause air pollution in cities.
---In the wilderness, her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves.
她从来没有想到他是个不道德的人。
--It never occurs to her that he was an immoral man.
他只要听到几句恭维的话就会得意忘形。
2 重新确定主语
由于中国人和英美人的思维方式和语言习惯存在较 大差异，汉语主语并非总能完全对应地转换英语 中。
在许多情况下，我们需要重新选择和确定主语，以 保证译文行文流畅，语言自然地道。
鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜媚骨。
--Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness.
我们每个人都知道，大气污染不仅影响了环境，而且 严重损害了人的健康，大大缩短了人的寿命。
Everyone of us knows that air pollution does more than affect our environment; it cripples and shortens the lives of human beings.
Despite the serious damage in flooding, China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding.
The first and basic experience gained in our financial work over the last years was that it is correct to secure supplies through economic growth.
--Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy and obsequiousness.
世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
---At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
假日里，青年人成双成对漫步在公园里。--The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.
基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力，将途径 希腊，埃及，美索不达米亚，波斯，印度和中国， 这些都以共享和平，共享奥运为主题。