现在分词作状语及习题

现在分词作状语

一、现在分词具有形容词和副词特征，用作副词时，充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。

1. 作时间状语，可改为时间状语从句，分词前可加while或when等连词。

When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. =When we compare different cultures… (06全国)

2. 作条件状语，可改为条件状语从句，分词前可加once, until, if等连词。

Turning to the right, you will find the path leading to the park. =If you turn to the left …

3. 作原因状语，可改为原因状语从句。

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time passing the exam. =Because/ As he had been ill in bed… (04福建)

4. 作结果状语，可改为which引导非限制性定语从句，分词前可加thus，加强语气。

Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record $57.65 a barrel on April. =…, which reach a record $57.65 a barrel on April. (05山东)

5. 作让步状语，可改为让步状语从句，分词前可加although, though, even if, even though等连接词。

Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. = Though his parents lack money, they … (02上海)

6. 作伴随状语，相当于and连接并列谓语。

About one-six undergraduates in Beijing this year are willing to spend as much as 2,6oo Yuan on driving courses, seeing it as an investment in their future.

= …, and see it as an investment in their future.

“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away =…and ran away (05全国)

7. 作方式状语。Jack came here, running.

二、现在分词的时态以及否定形式

分词的动作与谓语同时发生用一般式，可转化为on+动名词或when/while引导的时间状语从句，从句根据语境用一般过去时或过去进行时；分词动作先于谓语动词用完成式，可转化为after+动名词的一般式或after /when引导的时间状语从句，从句中用完成式；现在分词的否定式：not+分词构成。

Hearing his father’s voice, the boy turned off the TV set at once.

= On hearing his father’s voice…或When the boy heard father’s voice, he…

Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京）

=After waiting in the queue…或When Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour, he…

三、现在分词的逻辑主语及独立结构

分词作状语，逻辑主语与句子主语一致；如不一致时，分词带上自己的逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构。

误：While watching television, the doorbell rang. (05全国)

正：While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring. (05全国)

误：Being sunny, we went on a spring outing.

正：It being sunny, we went on a spring outing.

四、掌握以下区别

1. 首动词的用法区别

动词不定式作目的状语，句①；过去分词短语作状语，表被动、完成，句②；祈使句+and/or+简单句，句③；现在分词作状语，表主动，其完成式表动作先于谓语发生，句④；动名词作主语，句⑤。

①To find out more about university courses, call(920)746-3789 (05浙江)

②Mailed out automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club remembers.（06上海）

③Go straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.（2004 湖北）

④Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.（2000上海）

⑤Being exposed to sunlight for too much tim e will do harm to one’s skin. (02上海)

2. 不定式与分词作结果状语区别

European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sports in the world.一种因果关系。(NMET98)

He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 一种出乎意料结果。(05广东)

3. 分词短语作状语与从句区别

误：Not having found a proper partner, so he gave up the double act.

正：Not having found a proper partner, he gave up the double act.

正：He had not found a proper partner, so he gave up the double act.

五、注意一些特殊用法

judging by从……来判断；generally/frankly/strictly/honestly speaking通常地讲，坦白地说，严格地讲，诚实地说；considering考虑到，就……而言，鉴于；supposing假定，假设，设想；seeing that鉴于，由于，因为；given that考虑到；provided/providing that如果，假如……的情况下；to begin with起初、开始，首先、第一；to make things worse使事情更糟糕等

【创新试题】：

1. Companies turn to the public, ______ people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits.

A. invite

B. to invite

C. inviting

D. having invited

2. I ran to the horse, ______how to pet it, just _____ the most beautiful creature.

A. not even knowing；excited to see

B. didn’t even know；excited to see

C. not even knowing；exciting to see

D. not even known；excited seeing

3. Just after a meeting of officials of world powers, Iraq and neighboring states, suicide bombers killed 29 people in Baghdad on Sunday, _____ the present situation more serious.

A. made

B. making

C. having made

D. to make

4. The first 10 copies of the books you subscribed in advance are being delivered to you, the rest_____ in a few days.

A. follows

B. to follow

C. will follow

D. being followed

5. ______ in the forest for a few days, the students, luckily enough, were met by the local villagers.

A. Lost

B. Losing

C. Being lost

D. Having lost

6. When______ a certain person, we’d better pay attention not only to hi s weaknesses but also to his strengths.

A. evaluated

B. being evaluated

C. evaluating

D. having evaluated

7. As the cartoon film began, these school children watched ______.