新托福听力高分特训500题【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】-第3章 新托福听力学术讲座330题(历史

第3章新托福听力学术讲座330题讲座部分反映的是美国大学课堂的真实场景，其形式为教授独自进行学术知识讲解——独白，以及师生共同进行学术探讨——多角色讨论。

由于讲座内容均为学术知识的讲解，所涉及的学术领域多种多样，如生物学、地理学、地质学、天文学、环境、文学、艺术、人类学等等。

因此，讲座部分中生词较多，相关背景知识也较为复杂。

考试时并不需要考生具备相应的背景知识，掌握了基本的单词和表达方式就能理解文章大意。

一般重要的术语都会在文章中以各种方式出现相应的解释。

但注意在平时多积累各方面的课外知识无疑能对做题会很有好处。

◆历史（History）Audio 1Lecture l: Listen to part of a lecture in an American history class.1. What is the lecture mainly talking about?A. The historical reasons why America was neutral in World Wad IIB. The root causes that led to the beginning of hostilities in World War IIC. The methods America used to assist the Allies during the warD. The factors that caused America to involve itself in foreign affairs2. According to the professor, what was the decisive factor in causing America to goto war in 1917?A. The need to support the British and the French defeat GermanyB. The desires of the industrialists to get higher profitsC. The fears of the government of joining the League of NationsD. The threat of German submarine attacks on American shipping3. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answerthe question.What does the professor mean when he says this?A. America suppo rts the United Nations’ enforcement in preserving peace.B. The United Nations cannot enforce peace even with America’s support.C. Peace can be enforced by America with the United Nations’help.D. Even with support, peace cannot be enforced by international bodies.D. Peace cannot be enforced by international bodies even with4. How does the professor organize the lecture?A. By asking questions and then providing answers to themB. By examining an event and the results of this eventC. By explaining his theory by going from the present to the pastD. By giving a possible theory and examining its merits5. In the lecture，the professor discusses America’s inter-war policies. Indicate with which policy the following aspects are connected.6. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.What does the professor imply when he says this?A. Roosevelt might have had a hard time declaring war on Germany.B. The Germans were stupid for honoring their treaty with Japan.C. The world was lucky that Germany declared war on America.D. Hitler’s biggest mistake came in declaring war on America.答案详解1.A【解析】除特殊情况之外，讲座的主题一般都会在开头给出。

本文可以从教授讲的第一句话“The question often asked is why the United States did not enter WorldWar II until l941 and why it waited until after it had been attacked byJapan.”看到主旨大意。

2. D【解析】从“But the war wouldn’tlet us stay out for long. German submarines began sinkingships,shipscarrying Americans and American cargo”可以看出，美国原本没有参战，但由于德国潜艇攻击了美国船只，这使得美国不得不参与战争。

3. B【解析】从“Professor: One may look at the United Nations today and say the same thing, even with American support.”可以看出，国际联盟由于没有美国的支持，很难维护世界和平。

然而，联合国即便是有了美国的支持也难以维护世界和平。

4. A【解析】教授先是对于美国从二战开始到战争快结束一直都没有参战的原因提出疑问，然后作了解释说明。

5. Isolationism:C Neutrality Acts: B Military Draft: D Lend-Lease: A【解析】第一次世界大战后，美国出现了“孤立主义”，并制定了《中立法案》，规定不能向交战国出售武器。

二战时，议会就向交战国租借武器方案通过了《租赁条约》，并通过军事草案增加了平时的兵力。

6. A【解析】教授说“Professor. Fortunately for the world, Hitler stupidly declared war on America, supposedly because of Germany’s treaty with Japan. In fact, hedid Roosevelt a big favor.”。

由此可见，罗斯福虽然想在1939年第二次世界大战爆发时助英法一臂之力，对德宣战，但事实上被美国国内的一些法案条约束缚住了手脚。

正在罗斯福为难之时，希特勒对美国宣战，这无形中帮了罗斯福一个大忙，使其可以名正言顺地参战。

录音原文Listen to part of a lecture in an American history class.Professor: The question often asked is why the United States did not enter WorldWar II until 1941 and why it waited until after it had been attacked by Japan. To find the answer, we’ve got to go all the way back to World War I and even fartherback to George Washington. Our first president advised the nation to avoid foreign entanglements, and, for our first century, we were quite adept at doing so. It was not until the Spanish-American War at the end of the nineteenth century that America’s interests were carried abroad by force of arms. The Spanish-American War turned America into animperial power with the acquisition of the Philippines, Cuba, and other Spanish territories.The first years of World War l were boom years for Americanindustry, as we supplied massive amounts of materiel for thewarringnations. Most went to the Allied side since our heartswere really with them. Many Americans went to Canada orEngland to join their fighting armies and to look for adventure, but our armed forces stayed home. But the war wouldn’tlet u s stay out for long. German submarines began sinkingships,shipscarrying Americans and American cargo. Despitethe protests of our government, the sinking continued. The Germans knewthey were provoking us to go to war,but our army was small and far away and would have tocross a massive ocean full of their submarines to reach thebattlefieldsofEurope. Well, we did declare war on April 6, 1917. Rapidly expanded our military, and rushed our mento Europe, losing very few to those German subs. Manyhistorians agree that America tipped the balance in favor ofthe Allies and ensured victory in l918.Then came the backlash in the l920s. America was trickedinto the war by the British and French, said many. Americanindustrialists earned massive profits from the blood ofAmerican men dying in Europe, said more. The theme ofthe greedy war profiteer took root and was hard to shake. Awhole movement grew, known as isolationism, which calledfor America to remain out of world affairs unless threateneddirectly. The military was restricted by a miniscule budget. America failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, the treatyGermany was forced to sign in l919 to end the war,andAmerica refused to join the League of Nations.These were great blows to the structure of world peace. Itwas obvious to all that America had been the decisive factorin defeating the Central Powers in World War I. Without thesupport of the United States, the League of Nations lackedthe power to enforce peace. One may look at the UnitedNations today and say the same thing, even with Americansupport. But it was this lack of support in the series of crisesleading up to the outbreak of war in Europe in l939 thathad the most profound influence. Hitler provoked a series ofcrises with the British and French, with both nations backingdown time and again, fearful of another war without。