英语改错技巧和特训

2011大学英语备考:英语四级改错精练Americans this year will swallow 15000 tons ofaspirin, one of safest and most effective drugs 1.__________invented by man. The most popular medicines in the 2.__________world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its badeffects are relatively mild, and it is cheap.For millions of people suffered from arthrities, 3.__________it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, istruly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also thesecond largest suicide drug and is the leading cause ofpoisoning among children. it has side effects that, if 4.__________relatively mild, are largely unrecognized between users. 5.__________ Although aspirin was first sold by Germam companyin 1899, it has been around much longer than that.Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical valueof the leaves and tree bark which today is known to 6.__________contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. during the19th century, there was a great number of experimentation 7.__________ in Europe with this chemical, and it led in the introduction 8.__________ of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were availablein the United States.A small quantity of aspirin(two five-grain tablets)relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces down 9.__________fever by interfering with some of the body's reactions.Specifically, aspirin seems to slow down the formationof the acids involved in pain and the complex chemicalreactions that cause fever. The chemistry of these acidsis not fully understood, and the slowing effect of aspirin 10.__________ is well known.参考答案1. of ∧safest →the2. medicines →medicine(or: drug)3. suffered →suffering4. if →though(or: although)5. between →among6. is →are7. number →deal(or: amount,quantity)8. in →to9. down →/10. and →butWord came from California of a new weapon in the war on household pests．Two scientists work for a firm in California developed 1．__________a new method to eliminate insects with using dangerous chemicals．The new 2．__________ weapon—hot air．The basic idea is that insect pests can adjust to temperature much above 3．__________normal．In laboratory experiments，cockroaches and termites can’t survive much more than a quarter of hour at 100 degrees 4．__________Fahrenheit or about fifty degrees centigrade．The new method involves covering a house with a huge tent，and fill it with air heated to 5．__________around 65 degrees centigrade．Hot air is forced in with fans and the tent keeps the heat inside the house．Although termites try to escape by 6．__________hiding in wood beams，the heat treatment must be continued by four to six hours．But when it's 7．__________all over and the insects are dead，there are no toxic residues to danger humans or pets，and no 8．__________funny smells．Scientists claim that there's no danger of fire too．9．__________The white House began to be built in 1792, but it was notcompleted until ten years later. Every American president livedin it except for George Washington, although he did have a 1.________ majority part in designing it. 2.________The government held a competition to choose the bestdesign for the president's house. The winner was a young man of 3.________ South Carolina, James Hoban. His design was a three-levelhouse of stone. And President Washington made some changesin the winning design. He made the house long and wider, and 4.________ changed it into a two-storied house instead of three.The second president, John Adams, was first to live in the 5.________ White House. When he and his wife moved onto the new house 6.________ in November, 1800, work was still going on, although the mainlive area was completed. The whole work did not finish until the 7.________ administration of the 3rd president, Thomas Jefferson.一、改错形式有以下三类：1。

错词（words mistaken）。

在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词（change a word），这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。

2。

缺词（words missing）。

在标有题号的一行的任何位置－－包括行首词前和行末词后－－缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词（insert a word）。

3。

多词（words redundant）。

在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去（cross out a word）。

短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。

历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。

其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。

改错规则：不论是错词，缺词或多词，考生在改错时只能动一个词。

二、短文改错的命题考点：一）上下文语义方面的错误1。

反义词。

这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型，这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。

常见的这类错误有：①派生反义词。

如：encourage－discourage，load－unload，satisfy－dissatisfy等。

②互补性反义词。

如：dead－alive，boy－girl，man－woman，male－female，brother －sister，married－single等。