2018年人教版初中英语中考英语教材同步复习-八年级下Units1~2

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人教版中考英语一轮复习第九讲八年级(下)Units1-2教学设计

人教版中考英语一轮复习第九讲八年级(下)Units 1-2教学设计一. 教材分析人教版八年级下册英语Unit 1和Unit 2主要围绕日常生活和学校生活展开，通过讲述Mike和其家人、朋友的生活经历，让学生掌握一般过去时态、一般现在时态、一般将来时态的运用，以及描述日常生活和学校生活中的事件。

这两个单元的话题贴近学生的生活，有利于激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学生的语言运用能力。

二. 学情分析八年级下册的学生已经掌握了英语学习的基本语法知识和词汇，具备一定的听、说、读、写能力。

但部分学生在语言运用方面仍有困难，对时态的掌握不够扎实。

因此，在教学过程中，需要关注学生的个体差异，针对不同学生的学习需求进行有针对性的教学。

三. 教学目标1.知识目标：（1）掌握一般过去时态、一般现在时态、一般将来时态的运用；（2）熟练运用本单元核心词汇描述日常生活和学校生活中的事件。

2.能力目标：（1）提高学生的听、说、读、写能力；（2）培养学生的语言运用能力和团队合作精神。

3.情感目标：（1）激发学生对英语学习的兴趣；（2）培养学生积极乐观的人生态度。

四. 教学重难点（1）一般过去时态、一般现在时态、一般将来时态的运用；（2）本单元核心词汇的掌握。

（1）一般过去时态、一般现在时态、一般将来时态在不同情境下的运用；（2）复杂句型的构建和表达。

五. 教学方法1.情境教学法：通过设定生活情境，让学生在实际语境中学习、运用英语。

2.任务型教学法：引导学生参与各种实践活动，提高学生的语言运用能力。

3.合作学习法：鼓励学生分组讨论、合作完成任务，培养学生的团队合作精神。

4.激励评价法：注重鼓励学生，激发学生的自信心和学习兴趣。

六. 教学准备1.教材：人教版八年级下册英语教材；2.课件：根据教学内容制作相应的课件；3.练习题：针对本节课内容设计练习题；4.教学道具：与课程相关的生活用品、图片等。

七. 教学过程1.导入（5分钟）利用图片、实物等引导学生谈论日常生活和学校生活中的事件，激发学生的学习兴趣。

中考英语复习八年级(下) Units 1～2 人与社会—志愿服务与公共服务

D. How many kinds of volunteer jobs there are.
( B ) 2. What does the underlined word “motivated” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. creative B. active C. brave
D. smart
八年级(下) Units 1~2
By giving to others, you feel what is called “the helper's high”—a positive feeling. Volunteering can make you happier over time, too. 3题It has been shown to reduce feelings of worries, because many people find that they are moving away from their personal worries by paying much attention to the needs of others. “Volunteering also gives a chance to connect with people, which is good news for our spirit health，” says Jolie Goodman of the Mental Health Foundation. 5题Studies have shown that volunteering can improve your physical health, too.
1 阅读理解 2 任务型阅读 3 完形填空 4 语篇填空 5 补全对话

【初三英语试题精选】2018年中考英语一轮教材复习精练(八下module1～2)(附答案)

5 ____________ adj最喜欢的人或事6 ____________ adj情绪不安的；紧张的
7 ____________ adj秀丽的；标致的
8 ____________ n．电子邮；口信；信息★
9 ____________ n．业余爱好
Module 2
10 ____________ adv曾经；从；在任何时候★
3 pete v．比赛→____________ n．比赛；竞争★
4 invite v．邀请→____________ n．邀请
5 move v．移动；感动→____________n．运动；活动
6 send v．派遣去；命令……去→____________(过去式/过去分词)
7 smell n．味道v有……的气味；闻；闻出→____________(过去式)→____________(过去分词)
6 I hope I will win, then I will ______ you ______ ______ with me我希望我会赢，然后我将邀请你加入我们。
1感官动词(八下Module 1)
【基本用法】
感官动词表感觉和直觉，后接形容词。常见的此类动词有feel; taste; sound; smell, look等。
【教材例句】
1 Have you ever won any prizes before?你以前曾获过奖吗？
2 I’ve stopped trying no我已不再尝试了。
3 They have seen the Pyramids他们看过金字塔了。
【即学即练】
( )3 Though he ______the book three times, he hopes to read it again

2018年中考英语一轮教材复习精练(八下module1～2)(附答案)

2018年中考英语一轮教材复习精练(八下module1～2)（附答案）2018年中考英语一轮教材复习精练八年级(下)Module 1～Module 2 一、重点单词 Module 1 1. ____________ adj.软的；柔软的 2. ____________ adj.酸的；馊的 3. ____________ n．尝试；努力★ 4. ____________ v．听起来；令人觉得 5. ____________ adj.最喜欢的人或事 6. ____________ adj.情绪不安的；紧张的 7.____________ adj.秀丽的；标致的 8. ____________ n．电子邮件；口信；信息★ 9. ____________ n．业余爱好 Module 2 10.____________ adv.曾经；从来；在任何时候★ 11. ____________n．梦；梦想(只用于名词前)梦寐以求的 v．做梦；梦到；梦想 12.____________ v．(使)参加；(使)报名 13. ____________ v．(有财力)买得起；付得起 14. ____________ adj.古老的；古代的★ 15. ____________ v．相混合；融合 16. ____________n．方面；态度★ 17. ____________ v．惦念；怀念；想念 18. ____________ v．数；清点二、词汇拓展 1. love v．爱；喜欢→____________ adj.令人愉快的；可爱的 2. do v．做；(助动词，无意义)→____________(过去式)→____________(过去分词)adj.做完的 3. compete v．比赛→____________ n．比赛；竞争★ 4. invite v．邀请→____________ n．邀请 5. move v．移动；感动→____________n．运动；活动 6. send v．派遣去；命令……去→____________(过去式/过去分词) 7. smell n．味道v.有……的气味；闻；闻出→____________(过去式)→____________(过去分词) 8. pride n．自豪→____________ adj.感到自豪的；感到骄傲的 9. strange adj.奇怪的→____________n．陌生人 10. fair adj.公平的→____________ adv.相当；还算→____________(反义词)不合理的；不公正的三、重点短语 1. ________________尝一尝；试试看 2. ________________为……而感到骄傲 3. ________________某人等不及了 4.________________一等奖 5. ________________编写；写作 6.________________编写；创作 7. ________________倒数；倒计时 8. ________________收到……的来信 9. ________________到目前为止 10. ________________擅长四、重点句型 1. But I can't tellyou how ______ I am ______ going to China! 但是我没法表达对于去中国的兴奋之情！ 2. They ______ ______ ______many interesting places. 他们去过很多有趣的地方。

英语人教版八年级下册复习课Unit1-2

【活学活用】
2)At times，parents find it difficult __D__ with their teenage children.
A．talk
B．talked C．talking D．to talk
►used to do sth.，be used to doing sth.与be used to do sth. 【典例在线】 He used to play basketball after school.他过去常常在放学后打篮球。 The teacher is used to going to bed late.那位老师习惯于晚睡。 This computer is used to control all the machines.这台电脑是用来控制所有机器的。【拓展精析】 used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，现在已不再那样，侧重与现在的比较；to后用动词原形。其否定句为：usedn't to或didn't use to；其疑问句为Used＋主语＋to do...？或Did ＋主语＋use to do...? be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，指某动作过去不常做而现在已习惯做了，强调目前的情况；to为介词，后接名词或动名词。 be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态。
23．try out 参加……选拔；试用 24．fix up 修理；装饰 25．give away 赠送；捐赠 26．take after (外貌或行为)像 27．set up 建立；设立 28．make a difference 影响；有作用 29．put up 张贴

2018年中考英语一轮教材复习同步测试八下units1-2

中考英语一轮教材复习同步测试八下units1-2一、根据句意及汉语提示，填入恰当的单词。

1. I had a sore (咽喉), so I went to a doctor just now.2. To my (高兴), I won first prize in the singing competition.3. It's very dangerous for him to lose so much (血). Let's take him to the hospital at once.4. After the important meeting, they made a great (决定).5. She lost (控制) of her car on the ice.6. My sister wants to be a (志愿者) in Animal Helpers.7. Have you seen the (通知)? A scientist will give us a talk tomorrow.8. Look! Zhang Ming is helping a (盲的) man to walk across the road.9. I think that you have no (困难) in climbing the high mountain.10. The tall man is much (强壮的) than Jack.二、根据句意及首字母提示，补全单词。

1. Mrs Black had a t ，so she had to see a dentist.2. Bruce's head feels very hot. Maybe he has a f .3. When someone is in t ，we should try our best to help him.4. Lucy enjoyed h in the park last Sunday. She played games happily with her friends.5. It's very dangerous to climb up the tall tree. You mustn't take the r .6. I don't know this word. What's the m of it?7. —What is your sister?—She is a n in a hospital.8. Follow the s to the city center.9. She asked the p to take turns to get on the bus.10. Jeremy Lin is a great basketball player, and he always gets a strong feeling ofs when his team wins a basketball match.三、从方框中选择适当的短语，并用其正确形式填空。

2018年中考英语总复习(人教版) 教材知识梳理-八年级下册课件：Units 1-2 (共26张PPT)

23. 想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等) come up with 24. 推迟 put off 25. 打电话给(某人);征召 call up 26. 曾经……;过去…… used to 27.care for 照顾;非常喜欢 28.try out 参加……选拔;试用 29.fix up 修理;装饰 30.give away 赠送;捐赠 31.take after (外貌或行为)像 32.set up 建起;设立 33.make a difference 影响;有作用
5
基础自主导学
突破核心考点
1
2
3
4
5
6
பைடு நூலகம்
7
8
1.What’s the matter?怎么了? 【考点】What’s the matter?用来询问对方所遇到的麻烦事,特别是医生和护士询问病人病情时常使用此问句,跟宾语时与介词with 连用。 —What’s the matter with your brother? 你弟弟怎么了? —He has a fever.他发烧了。【拓展】可以与What’s the matter?进行同义句转换的句子还有: What’s wrong ? What’sthetrouble ? What’sthe problem ? What’s up?
7.breath→ breathe (动词) 8.climb→ climber (表示人的名词) 9.knife→knives (复数) 10.mean→meant (过去式) 11.die→death (名词) 12.break→ broken (形容词)
13.difficult→difficulty (名词) 14.excite→ excited/exciting (形容词) 15.train→training (表示物的名词) 16.kind→kindness (名词) 17.smart→clever (近义词) 18.interesting→interest (名词)

2018届中考英语复习课时11八下Units1_2备考精编含解析人教新目标版

课时11 八年级（下）Units 1-2Ⅰ.语法与情景对话1.“One Belt One Road” (一带一路) will serve to _______ markets for China as well as other countriesalong.A. give upB. look upC. take upD. open up2.［2017宜昌］—The government is trying to develop winter sports for the 2022 Winter Olympics.—No wonder people are showing more _______ in them.A. warmthB. interestC. victoryD. standard3.［2017苏州］—Jack, why have you decided _______ Chinese folk music as a course?—To learn more about Chinese culture.A. takeB. takenC. takingD. to take4.［2017海南改编］—I _______ sick. I may have a fever.—You'd better go to see a doctor.A. feelB. lookC. soundD. like5.［2017安徽］It is necessary for schools to _______ the need of all the students' development.A. cutB. hideC. refuseD. satisfy6. —Why is it so noisy there?—The boys are talking about the football match _______.A. quietlyB. bravelyC. patientlyD. excitedly7.［2017河南］—I don't care what people think.—Well, you _______. You're not alone in this world.A. canB. mayC. shouldD. will8. —I have _______ in learning physics and I'm so worried. Could you help me with it?—Sure, I'd love to.A. troubleB. funC. confidenceD. question9.［2017西宁］Every morning the old people enjoy _______ in the square, singing and dancing.A. himB. themC. himselfD. themselves10. —Could you please teach me how to _______ “red envelopes”(红包) on WeChat?—Sure. Let me show you.A. give awayB. give upC. give backD. give outⅡ.完形填空［2017毕节］Anny is only 13 years old. She is a girl 1 of love.At the age of four, she began to learn 2 play the violin. And she was really good at it. She wanted to 3 the poor children in her town, so she decided to raise some money by playing the violin in 4street. At first, only a few people gave her money. Three days later, she put a sign beside her, saying why she was doing so. When people saw the sign, they were all 5 and started to help her with the work. Anny also 6 her favorite toys to collect money. When her teachers and classmates got to know this, they all began to sell their old toys, clothes and books to collect money, 7 .Anny 8 money for two years, and now she's got 9 than £2,000. She says she will continue doing like this and help more poor 10 .1.A. filled B. full C. fill D. fulled2.A. what to B. when to C. how to D. which to3.A. help B. helped C. helps D. helping4.A. a B. an C. the D. /5.A. moving B. moved C. moves D. move6.A. sold B. bought C. borrowed D. lost7.A. too B. to C. also D. either8.A. raised B. has been raised C. has raised D. had been raised9.A. must B. many C. more D. much10.A. friends B. children C. classmates D. teachersⅢ.阅读理解［2017义乌改编］Sydney Fredette has a lot of things to deal with. Not only is she a high school student, but she has also set up her own organization, Beary Merry Christmas. She volunteers to serve poor kids and families in Orange County(县) in California, US.To remember her best friend who died of cancer nearly 10 years ago, Fredette decided to serve those in Orange County who are less lucky than she is.She began with the simple idea of collecting donated（捐赠的) Build-A-Bears, the popular toy animal that is made by children themselves in the stores' workshops. Fredette then gave them as gifts to the homeless children in California during the holiday season.With donations at more than 100 bears a year, Fredette and volunteers host activities every year, where volunteers not only give out the bears, but also clothing, meals, and other things.Not wanting to limit（限制) the giving to just the holiday months, Fredette now hosts other activities for Valentine's Day, Mother's Day and Halloween, providing the chance for her volunteer team to make a difference through the year.“I love making relationships with the people I serve,”Fredette said.“The thanks they have, hearing their stories and seeing how happy they are, it's so cool.”Future plans for Fredette include building a public food bank and providing a self-development class for students in her school who will soon attend college.Heading to college herself in the autumn, Fredette is looking to stay local and continue to help out in her county. In fact, she was regarded as a “Dreamer & Doer” not long ago for her work in improving her community, along with 32 other high school students.1.Fredette started her own organization to _______.A. keep her life busyB. thank her best friendC. look after the sickD. help poor people2. What can we learn about Beary Merry Christmas?A. It holds one activity a year.B. It gives out other things besides bears.C. It buys bears from the stores.D. It offers service around America.3. It can be inferred（推断) that Fredette _______.A. likes telling people storiesB. dreams of being a teacherC. is pleased with what she doesD. plans to leave California for college4. Fredette will head to _______ herself in the autumn.A. primaryB. juniorC. seniorD. college5. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Giving back to societyB. Getting on well with othersC. Providing a food bankD. Improving community collegesⅣ.任务型完形填空［2017黄石改编］school soccer field. He missed scoring that goal. His mistake made the school team 2. _______ in the game.As soon as he arrived home, his mother found his 3. _______, for it was shown on his face. After she 4. _______ the whole story, she told her son that it was not necessary to be too hard on 5. _______ and winning or losing was only half the game. She asked David to communicate with his 6. _______. She added that the most important thing was to support each other in a team. 7. _______ his mother said made him think a lot.The next day, David went to soccer practice with courage 8. _______ of fear in his heart. He apologized to his teammates for his mistake. He said they should continue to work together as a whole team. It was a relief that his teammates all agreed 9. _______ him. They promised to encourage each other and work much 10. _______ the next time.Ⅴ.任务型阅读理解［2017黄石改编］Smart phones with cameras that can take selfies (自拍) have become popular. We can now take every moment of our life and share it with the world through the Internet. However, some believe that takinga selfie is causing people to take risks that sometimes cause death!①for a while, Though, the problem of, taking selfies, has been known(,) it became worse and had to be dealt with on September 21st, following the death of Frank, who was trying to take a selfie with his friend when they fell off some stairs. His friend only broke his leg while Frank died from the accident. It was reported that three Indian students were run over(碾压)by a passing train while they were taking a selfie on the railway tracks.More and more selfie-connected accidents are forcing(迫使)some governments to ②_______ with the problem. In July, the Russian Interior Ministry began a program which didn't allow using the selfie stick (自拍杆). Many museums and theme parks haven't allowed visitors to use the selfie stick, ether.Although official (官方的) ways may help reduce (减少) the accidents, the only way to stop selfie-connected accidents is that everyone takes them seriously. So ③when you decide to take a selfie that appears dangerous, be sure to stop.1.将文中①处画线内容连词成句。

人教版中考英语总复习课件：八年级(下册)+Units+1-2

2．(2024·预测)The only language that is used bbyy more people is Chinese. 3．Bamboo can not only be used to ffeeeedd(feed) pandas，but also be made
into art works. 4．My grandfather used to tteelll l (tell) me jokes to make me happy when
16．adj.激动的；兴奋的 excitteedd 17．n.仁慈；善良 kindnessss 18．adj.聪明的；聪颖的 cleveerr 19．v.& n．变化；改变 cchhaannge ★cchhaanngee one's miinndd 改变主意 20．n.兴趣；关注 v．使感兴趣；使关注 iinntteerrest
短语归纳 1._h_ahvaevea_cao_lcdo/fldev/feerver__感冒/发烧 2．_li_elideo_wdonwn__躺下 3．_t_atkaekoen_eo'nset'esm_tpemerpaeturareture__量体温 4．_t_atkaekbe_rebarkeas/kas/bar_ebarkeak__休息 5．_g_ivgeivuep_up__放弃 6．run out (of )用尽；耗尽 7．ggeett oouutt ooff 离开；从……出来
八年级(下)Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通(志愿服务与公共服务)
单词拼写 1．v.义务做；自愿做 n.志愿者 volunteeeerr 2．n.标志；信号 siiggnn 3．n.通知；通告；注意 v.注意到；意识到 nnoottiiccee 4．adj.孤独的；寂寞的 lonellyy 5．pron.几个；数个；一些 severaall 6．n.高兴；愉快 joy 7．n.(尤指长途)旅行；行程 journneeyy 8．v.募集；征集 rraaiise

八下Unit1-Unit2【复习课件】-2025年中考英语一轮大单元复习过过过(人教版)

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5.——我应该在上面放些药吗？
——是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。
—Should I put
some medicine
on it？
—Yes，you should./No，you shouldn't .
6.你在踢足球时伤了你自己吗？
Did you hurt
yourself playing soccer ？
2．change n.变化；改变；零钱 v.变化；改变
Susan has changed a lot since I last saw her. 自从我上次见到苏珊之后，她变了很多。(v.)
Here's your change，sir. 先生，这是你的零钱。(n.)
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3．sign n.标志；信号；迹象 v.签名；签署例：This is an unusual sign.这是一种不寻常的迹象。(n.) Follow the signs for the city center.按照标牌的指示到市中心。(n.) Sign your name here，please.请在这里签名。(v.)
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ed to 曾经……；过去…… 37.care for 照顾；非常喜欢 38.at the age of 在……岁时 39.try out 参加……选拔；试用 40.忙于某事 be busy with
41.be worried about 担心
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→ feeling (n.)感觉；感触 19.lonely(adj.)→ alone (adv.)独自；单独 20.carry(v.)→ carried (过去式/过去分词)拿；提；扛

2018中考英语复习第一部分教材知识梳理八下Unit1_2课件新版人教PPT课件

10.situationn.情况;形式 11.importancen.重要性;重要 importantadj.重要的 12.decisionn.决定,抉择 decidev.决定 13.controln./v.约束,管理 14.spiritn.勇气;意志 15.cheerv./n.欢呼,喝彩 cheerfuladj.欢乐的,高兴的 16.signn.标志;信号 17.noticen.通知;通告v.注意 18.lonelyadj.孤独的,寂寞的 19.aloneadv.独自,单独
八年级( 下 )Unit 1-2
重点单词
1.mattern.问题;事情 2.liev.躺,平躺;说谎 lay/lied( 过去式 ) lain/lied( 过去分词 ) lying( 现在分词 ) 3.restv./n.放松,休息 4.headachen.头痛;令人头痛的事 5.passengern.乘客,旅客 6.troublen.问题;苦恼 7.hitv.击,打 hit( 过去式/过去分词 ) 8.sickadj.生病的,有病的;恶心的 sicknessn.疾病 9.riskn.危险;风险;冒险
重点句型
1.—What’s the matter with Judy? —She talked too much yesterday and didn’t drink enough water .She has a very sore throat now. 2.I think you should lie down and rest. 3.As a mountain climber,Aron is used to taking risks. 4.Then with his left arm,he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. 5.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains ever after this experience. 6.I want to carry out my plan to work in an animal hospital. 7.I’d like to help homeless people.

2018年中考英语总复习第一部分教材知识梳理篇八下Units1_2（精讲）试题

2018年中考英语总复习第一部分教材知识梳理篇八下Units1_2（精讲）试题八年级(下) Units 1—2,中考基础知识梳理续表,贵阳中考重难点突破give up 的用法【教材P7】(1)give up 是动副短语，后接代词作宾语时，必须放在两词中间；后接名词作宾语时，可放在两词之间或之后。

如：Although English is very difficult ，I don't want to give it up.虽然英语很难，但是我还是不想放弃。

(2)give up 后接动词时需用动词的-ing 形式，相当于stop doing sth.。

【归纳拓展】 give 的相关短语【考点抢测】( A )1.When you don't know a word ，you can ____ in the dictionary. A ．look it up B ．give it up C ．give up it( C )2.He failed to break the world record for long jump many times ，but he never ____ his hope. A ．took off B ．put away C．gave up( A )3.It was a difficult time for the quake-hit victims in Ya'an，but they didn't ____ hope.A．give up B．give offC．give incheer up的用法【教材P9】【满分点拨】(1)cheer up可以单独使用，表示“变得更高兴，振奋起来”。

如：Oh，come on—cheer up! 噢，加油，振奋起来吧！(2)cheer sb.up意为“使某人高兴起来”，相当于make sb.happy。

如果宾语是名词或词组，可放在cheer up的中间或后面，若是代词作宾语，则只能放在cheer up的中间。

【人教版】2018中考英语教材知识研究：八年级(下)Units 1-2 word版习题

第一部分教材知识研究八年级（下）Units 1-2（限时：60分钟满分：74分）一、完形填空（15分）（2016舟山）Brittany Amano wants to make sure every child in the US has enough to eat.Brittany Amano, now 18, knew how it felt to go hungry. Her mother tried to find a __1__ in Honolulu, Hawaii to support the family. Her grandmother helped out as much as she could. But the family __2__ had to depend on a local food bank to live on, and for that she was __3__.When they lost their home, Amano's family had to live in a friend's basement （地下室）. “I could feel __4__ hunger and homelessness influenced my family.”Amano told a reporter from TFK. “The experience made me want to give __5__ to others in the same situation.”In fourth grade, she and some of her friends started a food project. They __6__ $700 and collected 800 pounds of food. __7__ twelve, Amano set up the nonprofit （非盈利的）group Hawaii's Future Isn't Hungry. She hoped to raise $10，000 __8__ she finished high school. She ended up raising more than $500，000 in four years.With the __9__ collected, the nonprofit group, now called The Future Isn't Hungry, can offer fresh fruits, vegetables, and other __10__ foods to school kids on Fridays. This is to make sure that the kids and __11__ families have enough food to get them __12__ the weekend. So far, the effort has helped more than 75，000 people.In the fall of this year, Amano will __13__ Duke University, in North Carolinaon a full scholarship. After graduation, she plans to return to Honolulu to __14__ to the city that gave her so much.“It doesn't matter if you help one million people __15__ just one person.” she says. “The smallest action can make a huge difference.”1. A. job B. club C. house D. school2. A. yet B. still C. just D. never3. A. careful B. helpful C. hopeful D. thankful4. A. why B. how C. what D. while5. A. hope B. choice C. surprise D. pleasure6. A. paid B. saved C. raised D. borrowed7. A. By B. At C. Until D. Below8. A. so B. since C. when D. if9. A. food B. clothes C. books D. money10. A. sweet B. healthy C. cheap D. delicious11. A. his B. her C. their D. our12. A. into B. across C. along D. through13. A. enter B. visit C. drop D. leave14. A. set off B. get down C. give back D. come up15. A. or B. as C. but D. and二、阅读理解（14分）A（2016温州）Harmful microbes like bacteria, viruses and other germs are pathogens. They may enter your bodies and make you ill. The immune system is the body's defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens.The immune system is made up of non-specialized defences such as skin, tearsand the acidic juice produced by the stomach, keeping you from the pathogens. It also has some highly specialized defences, which are different kinds of immune cells, grouped into phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell. They are swimming around in your blood stream, always on the lookout for antigens—the pathogens that have entered your bodies. Whenever they see one, they will eat it. However, some antigens are hard to find and kill. Then lymphocytes, which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells, T helper cells and T killer cells, will be the killers of the sneaky antigens.B cells, T helper and T killer cells work together to find and kill these antigens.B cells produce substances, called antibodies, which stick to the antigen. When that happens, it will tell the T helper cells to come over and either：1. help the B cells kill the antigen, or 2. call the phagocytes or T killer cells to move in for the kill. Once a B cell or a T cell attacks an antigen, they create cells to “remember” it. T hose “memory cells” hang out in your blood and if they see the same antigen again, they quickly recognize it so your immune system can act faster at killing it.The immune system is more powerful than you probably imagine. Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania recently took immune cells from three patients with leukemia, then genetically changed them into “serial killer”cells to attack cancer cells. The study was small but the results were groundbreaking. The modified immune cells increased at least 1，000 times in the body and killed all the cancer cells. Therefore, more“memory cells”were created.The immune system can be developed. Eating lean protein food（beef, beans）and food rich in vitamins A, C, and E（sweet potatoes, carrots）, taking a 30minute walk every day and reducing your stress levels, etc. will help you achieve it.1. What can the immune system do?A. Keep you from antibodies.B. Protect you against antigens.C. Make your bodies weak and sick.D. Help microbes enter your bodies.2. How are the sneaky antigens found and killed?A. Phagocytes, B, T helper and T killer cells work together.B. Skin, tears, acidic juice and immune cells work together.C. B cells create “memory cells” to swim around in the blood.D. B cells produce antibodies to tell T helper and T killer cells.3. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A. The immune system can be made more powerful.B. Less antigens can be killed by the immune system.C. White blood cells act less quickly in the immune system.D. The immune system can be changed into the“serial killer”.4. This article is mainly about________.A. the types of white blood cellsB. a research report about human healthC. the cause of illness and diseaseD. an introduction to the immune systemB（2017原创）消防战士——黄一飞A heavy rain hit Jingmen city from June 30th to July 1st and caused flood. Some living buildings were in water. People had to move to another safe place.9yearold Jiajun's house was in water, too. The family were in danger. They had to move away. On July 1st, they found a raft（小筏子）and wanted to take it to asafe place. Unluckily, the raft sank on half way. Jiajun, Jiajun's grandmother and other two people fell into water. Five firefighters（消防员）saw the accident and they jumped into water quickly to rescue them. Nineteenyearold Huang Yifei, who has been a firefighter for about two years, grabbed（抓住）little Jiajun. But the water rushed quickly and Huang couldn't find a place to hold on. They floated on fast water about 500 meters away then they passed through a bridge. After that Huang saw a small tree that they could go close to. Huang told Jiajun to grab the tree tightly, but he himself only swam in water and waited to be saved. Jiajun told him that he wanted to be a firefighter when he grew up and that he believed they would be saved quickly. His words moved Huang and Huang hugged Jiajun tightly with his hands so that Jiajun could grab the little tree.At about 11：30 in the morning, Huang Yifei and little Jiajun were saved by another group's firefighters. Many people said thanks to Huang and his teammates. Huang said that he and his teammates were all proud of being firefighters because they could keep people safe.1. The underlined word“it”refers to________.A. the raftB. the heavy rainC. Jiajun's houseD. bridge2. There were________ people in the raft.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five3. What did Huang Yifei do when little Jiajun grabbed the small tree?A. He grabbed it too.B. He swam away.C. He went down under water.D. He swam in water.三、任务型阅读（5分）（2016舟山模拟）请给下文各段找出最合适的小标题（注意有一项为多余选项）。

初中英语人教版期中复习八年级下册 Units1-2_知识梳理和复习

Units1-2 知识梳理与复习一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词。

1.If you have a ______（牙疼），you should see the dentist.2.His mother is a teacher.She often has a sore ______（喉咙）.3.We had too much ______（麻烦）in finding his new house.4.My computer didn't work. Can you help me r ______ it?5.The plane got out of c ______ and it hit a tree.6.Miss Tan is a chicken（胆小鬼）and she isn't willing to take r ______.7.Now,very few students u ______ their parents. They always have their thoughts（想法）8.Sometimes we can have the different ______（感觉）about the same thing.9.No one can ______（想象）what the world will be like in 100 years.10.The old man's sons live in the city and he feels very ______（孤独的）.二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Lucy is only ten years old, but she can look after ______ （she）.2.-I have a ______（head）.What should I do?-I think you had better have a rest.3.We were ______（excite）about the movie-Lost in Thailand.4.How many ______ （foot）does the animal have?5.I have lots of ______ （difficult）in English. Can you help me?6.He ate too much food, so he had a ______（stomach）.7.Hawking is a ______（disable）man, but he is a famous scientist.2.The boy was very sad about his grandfather's ______.3.They make a ______ to study hard next year4.More and more people know the ______of health.5.Everyone wants to get ______out of his or her job.6.Li Ping gave his money to the stay-behind children and the children thanked him for his ______.7.We found a new iPhone 5. Do you know the ______of it?8.After many years of ______,Li Yugang became a famous singer.四、根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空一词。