定语从句中可省略的关系副词

(5)关系副词的省略①在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。

如the time, every time, each time, the moment等。

e、g、By the time (when) he was fourteen years old Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself、到十四岁时,爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。

Do you still remember the day(when) we first met? 您仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天不?②在某些句子中表示地点的名词后关系副词有时也可以省略。

如the place等。

e、g、That’s the place (where) he lived when he was in Paris、这就就是她在巴黎时所住的地方。

This is the place (where) we met years ago、这就就是多年前我们见面的地方。

③先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略。

e、g、That’s the reason (why) I asked you to come、这就就是我叫您来的原因。

The reason (why) he did that is quite clear、她那样做的理由就是非常清楚的。

④当先行词就是way时,关系副词常常省略。

e、g、I appreciate the way (that) you teach us、我非常喜欢您教我们的方式。

5.定语从句中需注意的事项(1)主谓一致问题这就是指关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词一致的问题。

①取决于先行词,先行词就是单数时,从句的谓语动词用单数;先行词就是复数时,从句的谓语动词用复数。

e、g、Mr、Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you、史密斯先生要见您,她现在正在楼下。

(定语从句的谓语动词is根据Mr、Smith而定。

)The Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you、史密斯夫妇要见您,她们正在楼下。

(定语从句的谓语动词are根据the Smiths而定。

)②“one of＋复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the(only, very, right) one of＋复数名词”作主语时。

谓语动词用单数形式。

e、g、Jeff is one of the students who were awarded、杰夫就是当时获奖的学生之一。

(本句的先行词就是the students,即所修饰的中心词为the students,因此谓语动词应根据the students而定。

)Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded、杰夫就是唯一一个获奖的学生。

(本句的中心词移到了the only one,因此定语从句的谓语动词需根据the only one而定。

)(2)what, how不可引导定语从句①what本身就是复合关系代词,等同于“先行词＋关系代词(which/that)”。

因此不能用what引导定语从句。

e、g、Time is what we demand most、(=Time is all (that) we demand most、) 我们所需要的就就是时间。

Tell me what is happening、(=Tell me something that is happening、) 告诉我正在发生什么事。

She isn’t what she used to be、(=She isn’t the one (that) she used to be、) 她不就是过去的她了。

②how为复合关系副词。

本身等同于the way in which,因此,不能用how引导定语从句。

e、g、I don’t like how you behave、(=I don’t like the way (that/ in which) you behave、) 我不喜欢您行事的方法。

This is how I worked out this problem、(=This is the way (that/in which) I worked out this problem、) 这就就是我解出这道题的方法。

(3)关系代词that与which的用法辨析that与which在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语,指物。

作宾语时,均可省略。

通常情况下,二者可互换使用。

但有时却不宜随便互换。

①宜用that的情况1)当先行词就是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything、none, nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。

e、g、There is not much that ought to be done right now、现在没有多少应该做的事情。

I did nothing that might hurt you、伤害您的事我一点儿也没做。

2)当先行词就是be后面的表语,或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时。

e、g、The school is quite different from the one that it used to be、这所学校已与原来的迥然不同了。

He is not the man that he was、她过去不就是这样的。

3)当主句以here, there开头时。

e、g、Here is a hotel that you’ve been looking for、这就就是您一直在找的旅馆。

There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken、在角上还有一个空位。

4)当先行词有the only, the same, the very, the last等词修饰时。

e、g、These articles are the very ones that should be read、这些文章才就是应该读的。

Chatting was t he only thing that interested her most、聊天就是她唯一感兴趣的事。

5)当先行词就是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

e、g、This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city、这就是这座城市迄今为止所放过的最好的电影。

6)当主句就是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

e、g、Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人就是谁?Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires? 我们中间懂物理的谁不会接电线?7)当先行词有两个或两个以上,并且分别表示人与物时。

e、g、She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in、她把她所感兴趣的人与物全拍摄了下来。

②宜用which的情况1)在非限制性定语从句中。

e、g、Football, which is a very interesting game, is liked by many boys in our class、足球就是很有趣的运动项目,被我们班里很多男生所喜爱。

2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时。

e、g、I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these coins、我想找一个能放下这些硬币的容器。

6.初中阶段学习定语从句的要点。

上面我们详细的复习了定语从句在初中阶段所学习的内容,为了方便同学们记忆,下面我们把内容梳理如下。

定语从句在句子中作定语,用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。

被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词;在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。

(1)引导词分为“关系代词”与“关系副词”。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有:when, where, why, that。

注意:关系副词里面没有how。

如果要修饰方式,用that或in which引导,或者不用引导词。

e、g、I don’t like the way(that, in which)he eyed me、我不喜欢她瞧我的那个样子。

(2)关系代词who在从句中主要作主语,在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。

e、g、He is the man who wants to see you、她就就是想要见您的那个人。

(who在从句中作主语)(3)关系代词whom。

e、g、He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday、她就就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。

(whom在从句中作宾语)作宾语用的引导词可以省略,因此上面的句子可以改写如下:He is the man I saw in the park yesterday、(4)关系代词whose用来指人或物,(只能用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。

e、g、Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green、请递给我那本绿皮的书。

(5)关系代词which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。

e、g、They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice、她们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。

(作主语)注意:当有which与that要进行选择的情况下,以下情况要选which:①在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词,而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。

②修饰整个主句。

e、g、I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity、从那以后我再也没有见到过朱莉叶,真就是遗憾。

③修饰谓语部分e、g、He can swim in the river, which I cannot、她会在河里游泳,那正就是我不会的。