利用dirtmap代替finalgather来完成gi的教程
GIS 概论 第二讲:空间数据(GI)获取与处理
1:50万、1:25万、1:5万、1:1万;
1:5000、1:2000、1:1000、1:500; 1:1万---1:1000万比例尺地图又称为国家基本比例尺地形图 1:500—1:5000大比例尺地图
3、同一地图要素在不同比例尺地图上有不同的表达方式
地理信息系统概论
RS&GIS技术集成————遥感与地理信息系统
地理信息系统概论
RS&GIS技术集成————遥感与地理信息系统
拓扑关系:所谓拓扑关系是指明确定义物体之间的空间关系的一
种数学方法.在地理信息系统中,表示空间关系的方法主要有以下5种:
1)区域定义:多边形由一组封闭的线来定义
2)临接性:用多边形--弧段结构来确定多边形相互之间的邻接关系 3)连通性:以弧段—节点结构来确定弧段与弧段之间的连通性,多用 于路径分析、最佳路径计算、网络流程分析等 4)方向性:由起点至终点即确定了一个方向
点(Point/Lab)
线(Arc/Line) 面 体
(Polygon)曲面(Surface)
(Volume)
地理信息系统概论
地理空间要素表达
分类
植被类 图层
点层 面层 线层 点层 面层 线层 点层 面层 线层
属性
名称、物种
名称、面积 名称、长度 名称、类型 名称、面积 名称、长度 名称、类型 名称、面积 名称、长度
2、地理信息系统GIS(Geographical Information System) 是由计算机硬件、软件和不同的方法组成的系统,该 系统设计支持空间数据的采集、存储、管理、分析、建模 和显示,以便解决复杂的规划和管理问题。
进口缴款书 地理信息系统概论
地理信息----数字、文字、图形、图象
Map和Reduce的步骤图解
Map和reduce一.Map和reduce的两种操作方式1.Map--reduce环境下多连接查询优化的研究随着社会的发展和数据产生成本的下降,人类产生的数据量正在呈指数级增长,所以海量数据的分析逐渐被人们所关注。
分布式计算被越来越广泛地应用到海量数据分析上,因为集中式的数据仓库在面对爆炸式增长的数据时不能提供较好的可扩展性,而利用分布式计算可以将一个任务分配到多个节点上并行执行,从而获得更好的执行效果。
而google提出的map-reduce框架则为分布式计算提供了很好的框架,它是业界广泛认可的解决海量数据分析的有效工具。
在map-reduce上执行多表连接的方法主要有两种,分别是层叠法和复制哈希法。
但这两种方法都有各自的缺点,它们在某些情况下的效率会比较差。
通过研究,本文提出一种将层叠法和复制哈希法相结合的方法(CRMJ)。
在执行多连接的过程中,会对一些连接采用复制哈希法,而对另外一些连接采用层叠法,这样会取得比这两种方法都好的效果。
采用这种方法会产生很多种执行计划,从而需要判断哪种执行计划所需执行代价最低,所以本文提出了两种寻优算法以找到最优执行计划。
第一种是穷举法寻优算法。
该算法使用连接图划分和递归思想近似遍历所有可能的执行计划,找到最优的执行计划,并进一步通过剪枝缩减搜索空间。
但该种方法通过减枝进行优化所消耗的时间会随着连接表个数的增加而急剧增加,导致算法复杂度很高。
第二种是基于贪婪的寻优算法。
该算法在多连接的层叠法最优执行计划的基础上,寻找代价节省最多的复制哈希连接。
应用该算法可以在较低的复杂度下找到近似最优的执行计划。
经过实验验证,本文提出的CRMJ连接方法要比传统的层叠连接法有更高的执行效率。
同时还通过实验说明:在连接表个数较少时穷举法最优执行计划选取的效果较好;而当连接表个数较多时贪婪寻优算法效果较好。
2.基于Map-Reduce分布式日志信息处理研究与实现随着互联网的高速发展,电子商务网站每天需要处理的日志信息多达几terabyte。
胜家2662多功能缝纫机 使用说明书
!"12When using an electrical appliance, basic safety precautions should always be followed, including the following.Read all instructions before using this sewing machine.DANGER -To reduce the risk of electric shock:IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS1. This sewing machine should never be left unattended when plugged in. Always unplug this sewing machine from the electric outletimmediately after using and before cleaning.2. Always unplug before replacing light bulb. Replace bulb with same type rated 15 watts.WARNING -To reduce the risk of burns, fire, electric shock, or injury to persons:1. Do not allow to be used as a toy. Close attention is necessary when this sewing machine is used by or near children.2. Use this sewing machine only for its intended use as described in this manual. Use only attachments recommended by themanufacturer as contained in this manual.3. Never operate this sewing machine if it has a damaged cord or plug, if it is not working properly, if it has been dropped or damaged,or dropped into water. Return the sewing machine to the nearest authorized retailer or service center for examination, repair, electrical or mechanical adjustment.4. Never operate the sewing machine with any air openings blocked. Keep ventilation openings of the sewing machine and foot controlfree from the accumulation of lint, dust, and loose cloth. 5. Never drop or insert any object into any opening. 6. Do not use outdoors.7. Do not operate where aerosol (spray) products are being used or where oxygen is being administered. 8. To disconnect, turn switch to the off (“0”) position, then remove plug from outlet. 9. Do not unplug by pulling on cord. To unplug, grasp the plug, not the cord.10. Keep fingers away from all moving parts. Special care is required around the sewing machine needle.11. Never sew with a damaged needle plate, as this can cause needle to break.12. Do not use bent needles.13. Do not pull or push fabric while stitching. It may deflect the needle causing it to break.14. Switch the sewing machine off (“0”) when making any adjustments in the needle area, such as threading needle, changing needle,threading bobbin, changing presser foot, etc.15. Always unplug sewing machine from the electrical outlet when removing covers, lubricating, or when making any other userservicing adjustments mentioned in the instruction manual.SA VE THESE INSTRUCTIONSThis product is for household use, or equivalent.CAUTION -Moving parts -To reduce risk of injury, switch off before servicing. Close cover before operating machine.目 录TABLE OF CONTENTS1.认识你的缝纫机 KNOWING YOUR SEWING MACHINE各部位名称 Machine identification (4)附件 Accessories (6)缝纫机的启动 Setting up your machine (7)线柱、压脚提升杆 Spool pins, Presser foot lifter (8)绕梭芯 Winding bobbin (9)装下线 Threading the bobbin thread (10)机针、线和布料图表 Needle, thread and fabric chart (11)更换机针 Changing the needle (11)穿上线 Threading the top thread (12)自动穿线器 Using automatic needle threader (13)引下线 Picking up bobbin thread (14)调节上线张力 Adjusting top thread tension (15)更换压脚 Changing presser foot (15)落牙装置 Feed dog control (16)选择线迹 Stitch selector and indicator (16)伸缩线迹组选择、倒针缝、压脚压力调节器Super (stretch) pattern group selector, Reverse stitch lever, Pressure regulator (17)调节针幅、筒式缝纫 Stitch width control, Converting to free-arm sewing (17)2.开始缝纫 STARTING TO SEW线迹图表 Machine setting chart (18)直线缝纫 Straight stitches (22)切线器、保持缝份整齐、双针缝纫 Remove fabric,Keeping seams straight,Twin needle stitching (23)拉链缝和嵌线滚边缝、织补 Inserting zippers and piping, Darning (24)曲折缝 Zigzag stitch (25)简易锁边、密针缝、自由绣花 Overcasting, Satin stitch,Free Motion Stippling暗针缝 Blind stitch (26)四点针曲折缝、拼接加固缝 Multi-stitch zigzag, Rampart stitch (27)贝壳形布边装饰缝 Shell stitch (28)装饰拼接缝 Faggoting (28)伸缩装饰缝纫 Stretch stitches (29)直线伸缩线迹、曲折伸缩线迹、包边缝线迹、蜂巢形线迹、双包边缝线迹、V形臂章形线迹、斜包边线迹、压缩缝线迹、斜针线迹、羽毛形线迹、斜曲线迹、十字形线迹、加固缝包边线迹、荆棘形线迹Straight stretch stitch,Ric-rac stitch,Overedge stitch,Honeycomb stitch,Double overedge stitch,Chevron stitch,Slant overedge stitch,Wizard stitch,Slant pin stitch,Feather stitch,Random slant pin stitch,Crossed stitch,Reinforced overedge stitch,Thorn stitch装饰线迹 Decorative designs (33)锁纽孔 Buttonhole making (34)如何在弹性面料上锁纽孔、钉纽扣 Corded buttonholes,Sewing a button (35)3.机器保养 CARING FOR YOUR MACHINE (36)4.故障检查表 PERFORMANCE CHECKLIST (38)5.特殊压脚 SPECIAL ACCESSORIES (40)341. Bobbin winder tension disc2. Pressure regulator3. Thread take-up4. Thread tension control5. Face cover6. Thread cutter7. Extension table8. Feed dog control9. Reverse stitch lever 10. Stitch width control 11. Bobbin winder shaft 12. Bobbin winder stop 13. Stitch indicator 14. Stitch length control 15. Stitch selector16. Extra pattern group selector 17. Hand wheel 18. Power/light switch 19. Plug socket 20. Identification plate 21. Buttonhole stitch adjuster 22. Retractable spool pin 23. Horizontal spool pin 24. Buttonhole lever 25. Presser foot lifter 26. Automatic needle threader 27. Thread guide 28. Thread guide 29. Presser foot screw 30. Needle31. Bobbin cover plate 32. Needle clamp screw 33. Foot release lever 34. Presser foot 35. Feed dogs 36. Needle plate37. Bobbin cover release button 38. Foot control1. 认识你的缝纫机 KNOWING YOUR SEWING MACHINE各部位名称MACHINE IDENTIFICATION 1.绕线导板2.压脚压力调节器3.挑线杆4.上线张力调节钮5.面板6.切线器7.辅助台及零件盒 8.落牙装置 9.倒缝压杆10.针幅调节杆11.绕线轴12.绕线轴止动块13.线迹指示器14.针距调节钮15.线迹选择钮16.弹性线迹选择钮17.手轮18.电源/灯源开关19.插座20.标牌21.锁孔线迹平衡钮22.双针线柱23.水平线柱24.锁纽孔控制杆25.压脚提升杆26.自动穿线杆27.过线钩28.过线钩29.压脚柄螺钉30.机针31.梭芯盖板32.针夹螺钉33.压脚释放杆34.压脚35.送布齿36.针板37.梭芯盖板释放钮38.脚踏控制器5382628292730124511121317182361. Needles2. Bobbins3. Spool pin cap (large)4. Spool pin cap (small)5. Buttonhole opener/Brush6. Screwdriver (large)7. Screwdriver (small)8. Oiler9. Zipper foot10. Buttonhole foot11. Blind stitch foot12. Overcasting foot13. Rolled hemmer foot14. Satin stitch foot111312789103452114 6附件ACCESSORIES1.机针2.梭芯3.大线塞4.小线塞5.拆线刀、小毛刷6.大螺丝刀7.小螺丝刀8.机油9.拉链压脚10.锁纽孔压脚11.暗缝压脚12.布边缝压脚13.卷边压脚14.密针缝压脚7缝纫机的启动SETTING UP YOUR MACHINE在第一次使用机器之前,请先擦去针板上所有多余的机油。
tsk mannual
FT22000-R007-E2January 26, 2010Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.Prober System GroupPREFACEDescription of this manual is limited to the range of map data file specifications for Prober A-PM-90A /UF Series.All data in the file is described in byte arrangements of Motorola (MSB-LSB). Therefore, it is necessary to notice that file data will be in Motorola’s byte arrangements and it is not Intel’s byte arrangements (LSB-MSB) when file is being written into floppy disc (FD)/large capacity media (MO), even FD itself is MS-DOS format.All Rights Reserved, Copyright Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd. 2010CONTENTS1. OUTLINE (1)1.1 Map Data File Name (1)2. MAP DATA INDEX FILE (2)2.1 Map Data Index File Configuration (2)3. MAP FILE FORM (4)3.1 NORMAL MAP DATA FORM (4)3.2 MAP DATA FILE FORM for 250,000 CHIPS (4)3.3 MAP DATA FILE FORM for 256 MULTI (5)4. MAP DATA FILE (8)4.1 HEADER INFORMATION LIST (8)4.2 EXTENSION HEADER INFORMATION LIST (14)4.3 C.S.P WAFER HEADER INFORMATION LIST (520 BYTE) (16)4.4 TEST RESULT per DIE (21)4.5 LINE CATEGORY per DIE (23)4.6 EXTENDED TEST RESULT per DIE (23)4.7 EXTENDED LINE CATEGORY per DIE (24)4.8 TEST RESULT per DIE for 250,000 CHIPS (25)4.9 EXTENDED TEST RESULT per DIE for 250,000 CHIPS (25)4.10 EXTENDED HEADER 2 INFORMATION LIST (26)CAUTION (27)1. OUTLINEMap data of A-PM-90A and UF Series is made under directory (¥MAP) for map data of FD or large capacity media (MO).Following files are made under directory for map data.(1) Index File of Map Data(2) Map Data File (1 wafer map/file)To follow is the management methods of map data.Media (FD)/ large capacity media (MO)1.1 Map Data File NameMap data file names are as follows.(1) Map Data Index File : MAP.IDX(2) Map Data File : MAP_nnnn.DAT (nnnn = numeral)Note) Map data index file is not used on VegaNet G/C Server.2. MAP DATA INDEX FILEMap data is managed by a name of maximum 21 characters, but MS-DOS file name is applicable only for 8 characters maximum. Owing to such reason, a table which is listing relations of map data name plus its data and corresponding MS-DOS file name is prepared as the map data index file.Allowable number of map data group is limited by the capacity of map data index file. Map data index file size is as follows. - Floppy Disc (3.5” 2HD type): Maximum 200 wafer maps. - Large capacity media (MO): Maximum 1000 wafer maps.Map data index file is not used on VegaNet G/C Server.2.1 Map Data Index File ConfigurationMap data index file configuration is as follows.Map data entry capacity (M), current map data entry (N), file name usage status data, followed by the information on the relations of map data names (Wafer Ids) and map data file names for N wafers.Map Data Index File(1) Version No.Represents map data file format version. 2-byte integer (Binary).(2) Map data entry capacity (M)Represents the maximum number of map data groups permitted for the medium. Data form is 2-byte integer (Binary). (3) Current map data entry (N)Represents the numbers of map data those currently entered in media. Data form is 2-byte integer (Binary).2N M 1 2 bytes (integer)2 bytes (integer)2 bytes (integer)250 bytes (integer)26 bytes (character)26 bytes (character)・ ・26 bytes (character)・ ・26 bytes (character)(4) File name usage status dataDisplays usage condition (occupied / free) of map data file figures (1 to 200) by 1 bit/data. It is occupied if data is “1” and is free if data is “0”. For a file having N in the numeral part of the file name, the corresponding bit position is determined as follows.- Byte Position = (N – 1) / 8- Bit Position = (N – 1) – byte position × 8 (5) Wafer ID – File name relation dataIt is the data that displays corresponding wafer ID and file name. Composed as follows.Wafer ID Map Data Form File Name(a) Wafer ID21-byte character data represents wafer ID. If wafer ID is less than 21 characters, the remaining characters are replaced by space. (b) Map Data FormRepresents map data format in 1 character.- “0”: Tokyo Seimitsu Standard Format –II - “1”: SEMI Format (Not used)(c) File NameFrom the map data file name “MAP_nnnn”, “nnnn” are taken and stored here for referencing the wafer ID and the file name.21-byte character data 1-byte character data 4-byte character data3. MAP FILE FORMThere are 3 types of map data file form.- Normal Map Data File- Map Data File for 250,000 Chips- Map Data File for 256 Multi-sitesEach map data file form can be confirmed by referring to map version in header information.For the detail of header information, refer to the next page and after.Data amount of “Map Data Area Row Size” × “Map Data Area Line Size” of Header Information is stored for the data per die.3.1 NORMAL MAP DATA FORMNormal map data file form consists of following blocks.Header Information Store the detailed information of map file. Refer to “Header Information List”.Test Result per Die Store the die information as 6-bytes data per die. Refer to “Test Result per Die”.Line Category per Die Store the line category information as 8-bytes data per die. Refer to “Line Category per Die”.[NOTE]Regarding “line category per die”, data is stored only when line category data store is selected as “Yes”.3.2 MAP DATA FILE FORM for 250,000 CHIPSMap data file form for 250,000 chips consists of followings.Header Information Store detailed information of map file. Refer to “Header Information List”.Extended Header Information Store extended information of map file. Refer to “Extended Header Information List”.Test Result per Die for 250,000 Store die information as 2-bytes data per die. Refer to “Test Result per Die for 250,000”.Extended Test Result per Die for 250,000 Store extended test result as 1-byte data per die. However, it is stored only when line category storage is selected “Yes”.Refer to “Extended Test Result per Die for 250,000”.3.3 MAP DATA FILE FORM for 256 MULTIMap data file form for 256 multi chips consists as followings.1. Header InformationStore detailed information of map file.Refer to “Header Information List”.2. Test Result per DieStore die information as 6-bytes data per die.Refer to “Test Result per Die”.3. Line Category per DieStore line category information as 8-bytes data per die.Refer to “Line Category per Die”.4. Extended HeaderInformation Store extended information of map file.Refer to “Extended Header Information List”.5. Extended Test Resultper Die Store extended die information as 4-bytes data per die.Refer to “Extended Test Result”.6. Extended Line Category per Die Store extended line category information as 8-bytes data per die. Refer to “Extended Line Category per Die”.7.C.S.P Wafer HeaderInformation Store information of C.S.P wafer map fileRefer to “C.S.P. Wafer Header Information List”8.Extended header 2information(Able to handle 80 characters of device)Store information of extended header 2Refer to “Extended Header 2 Information List”On account of prober settings, a block with any data will appear.In such case, data length is “0” and the next data block will be added on top. A setup of prober and the existence of each data block are shown below.Prober Settings9718:Max. # Of Die Tested8111: Category Signal Setting 0. Line / 1. Binary 9708: Maximum Multi Sites 64/128/196/2569715: Maximum Categories 64/128/256/512/1024 1912: Line Category Data Store 0. No / 1. YesID:9718 Die Tested ID:9708SitesID:9715CategoriesID:1912StorageID: 8111Signal1 2 3 4560 ○○× ×××1 ○○× ×××0 ○○○×××6411 ○○× ×××0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○○○○○12811 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×64or more256or more11 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○○○○×6411 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○○○○○12811 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×less than60000over 64256or more11 ○○ × ○○×ID:9718 Die Tested ID:9708SitesID:9715CategoriesID:1912StorageID: 8111Signal1 2 3 45 60 ○○ × ○××1 ○○ × ○××0 ○○○○××6411 ○○ × ○××0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○○○○○12811 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×64or more256or more11 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○○○○×6411 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○○○○○12811 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×1 ○○ × ○○×0 ○○ × ○○×over60000over64256or more11 ○○ × ○○×【NOTE】・ In a setup of a gray-scaled section, "3.1 Normal Map Data form" and block composition becomes the same.4. MAP DATA FILEThere are 2 types of map data those are supported with A-PM-90A and UF series. In this manual, Tokyo Seimitsu standard format is described.(1) Tokyo Seimitsu Standard Format(2) SEMI Format (Not used)Tokyo Seimitsu standard map data is listed as below. Each file contains only the data in order of listed items. Data size etc. is not included.Codes indicated in the data form column represent:- P: POINTER- C: Character- F: Single Precision Floating Point Decimal- D: Double Precision Floating Point Decimal- B: BINARY- b: bit4.1 HEADER INFORMATION LISTHeader information is used in common for each map data file form.Details may change due to system version.Data Nameoffset Size (byte) DataFormRange of ValueOperator Name +0 20 C Alphanumeric Device Name 20 16 C Alphanumeric, “—“ Wafer Size36 2 B 40, 45, 50, 60, 80, 120 (Unit: 0.1 inch)100, 115, 125, 150, 200, 300 (Unit: mm)Machine No. 38 2 B 0 to 999 (user special ) Index Size X 40 4 B (Unit: 0.01um) Index Size Y44 4 B (Unit: 0.01um) Orientation Flat Direction48 2 B 0 to 359 (Unit: degree °)Wafer Testing Setup DataFinal Editing Machine type50 1 B User Special Map Version511B 0: Normal1: 250,000 Chips 2: 256 Multi-sites3: 256 Multi-sites (without extended header information)4: 1024 category5: 2048 (256 over9 multi-sites 6: Extended Header 2Map data area row size 52 2 BMap data area line size 54 2 BMap Data Form (Group Management) 56 4 B 0:6 byte, 1:1 byte, 2:2 byte, 3:3 byteWafer ID60 21 C Alphanumeric. Last digit is space or nullNumber of Probing 81 1 B 1 or over(user special ) Lot No.82 18 C Alphanumeric Cassette No. 100 2 B 1 to 4 Slot No.102 2 B 1 to 25X coordinates increase direction 104 1 B 1: leftward2: rightward Y coordinates increase direction 105 1 B 1: forward2: backward Reference die setting procedures 106 1 B 1: Wafer center die3: Target sense die 2: Teaching dieWafer Specific Data Wafer Probing Coordinate System Data(Reserved)1071BTarget die position X1084B Reference die position X from wafer center(Unit: 0.01um)* Only when target sense die is selected for ”Standard die setting procedure”Target die position Y 1124 B Reference die position Y from wafer center(Unit: 0.01um)* Only when target sense die is selected for ”Standard die setting procedure”Reference die coordinator X 116 2 BReference die coordinator Y 118 2 BProbing start position 120 1 B 1: upper-left2: upper-right 3: lower-left 4: lower-rightProbing direction 121 1 B 1: leftward2: rightward 3: upward 4: backward (Reserved)122 2 BDistance X to wafer center die origin1244 B Distance X from wafer center to die centerincluding wafer center (Unit = µm) (user special )Distance Y to wafer center die origin 1284B Distance Y from wafer center to die centerincluding wafer center (Unit = um) (user special )Coordinator X of wafer center die 132 4 B Coordinator X of die including wafer center(user special )(Continued)Wafer Probing Coordinate System DataCoordinator Y of wafer center die136 4 B Coordinator Y of die including wafer center(user special )First Die Coordinator X 140 4 B Effective with map version 1 (250,000) and later. Information Per DieFirst Die Coordinator Y144 4 B Effective with map version 1 (250,000) and later Year__________ 148 2 C 00 to 99 Month__________ 150 2 C 1 to 12 Day__________ 152 2 C 1 to 31 Hour__________ 154 2 C 0 to 23 Minute__________ 156 2 C 0 to 59 Wafer Testing Start Time Data(Reserved)158 2 B 00Year__________160 2 C 00 to 99 Wafer Testing End Time Data Month__________ 1622 C 1 to 12Day__________ 164 2 C 1 to 31 Hour__________ 166 2 C 0 to 23 Minute__________ 168 2 C 0 to 59 (Reserved)170 2 B 00Load End Year__________ 172 2 C 00 to 99 Load End Month__________ 174 2 C 1 to 12 Load End Day__________ 176 2 C 1 to 31 Load End Hour__________ 178 2 C 0 to 23 Load End Minute__________ 180 2 C 0 to 59 Wafer Loading Time Data(Reserved)182 2 B 00Unload start Year__ 184 2 C 00 to 99 Unload start Month__ 186 2 C 1 to 12 Unload start Day__ 188 2 C 1 to 31 Unload start Hour__ 190 2 C 0 to 23 Unload start Minute__ 192 2 C 0 to 59 Wafer Unloading Time Data(Reserved) 194 2 B 00 to 99Machine No.Special Characters196 12 C Used with Vega 98/11/28 (User Special) Testing End Information2081B0: Normal End 1: Yield NG2: Continuous FAIL NG 3: Manual Unload 4. Other Reject (Reserved)209 1 BTotal tested dice 210 2 B 1 to 16380 Total pass dice 212 2 B 0 to 16380 Testing ResultTotal fail dice214 2 B 0 to 16380Test Die Information Address 216 4 P Address of range where 6-byte data per die is stored.Range size = 6 × total tested die Number of line category data 220 4 B 0,16,32,64,128,256,512,1024 Line category address2244BMap File Configuration 228 2 B Extended Map Detailed Information (Bit)Refer to the following for the detail.Effective with map version 2 / 3 (256) and later.Max. Multi Site 230 2 B Set maximum multi sites of testing.Effective with map version 2 /3 (256) and later.Max. Categories 232 2 B Set maximum categories of testing.Effective with map version 2 / 3 (256) and later.Extended Map InformationDo not use, reserved 234 2 BMAP FILE CONFIGURATIONMap file configuration is effective with map version 2 (256 multi) and later.This area has the information of block availability of map file by bit unit.To follow is detail of map file configuration.151413 12 11 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 00 bit Availability of Header Information (always ON)1 bit Availability of Test Result Information per Die (always ON)2 bits Availability of Line Category Information3 bits Availability of Extension Header Information4 bits Availability of Test Result Information per Extension Die5 bits Availability of Extension Line Category Information6 bits7 bits8 bits9bits10-14 bits Text XTR file (for special users)C.S.P wafer header informationAvailability of 2048(over 256) multi site informationAvailability of extended header 2 information (device of 80 characters)For Extension (Reserved)15 bits Previous C.S.P map type (0: Normal/1:C.S.P map)4.2 EXTENSION HEADER INFORMATION LISTExtension header information is used with 250,000-map data file and also with 256-multi map data file. To follow is the extension header information.Data Name Size (Byte) DataFormRange of Value(Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B (Reserved) 1 B Test start time _Year 2 C 00-99 Test start time _Month 2 C 1-12 Test start time_ Day 2 C 1-31Test start time_ hour 2 C 0-23 Test start time_ minute 2 C 0-59Wafer test start Time management data Direct multi-pass probing (Reserved) 2 B 00Data NameSize(Byte)DataFormRange of ValueTest start time _Year 2 C 00-99 Test start time _Month 2 C 1-12 Test start time_ Day 2 C 1-31Test start time_ hour 2 C 0-23 Test start time_ minute 2 C 0-59Wafer test end Time management data Direct multi-pass probing (Reserved) 2 B 00Continuous Fail Number of continuous fail 2 B 0- (Reserved) 2 B (Reserved) 2 B (Reserved) 2 B Tested dice 4 B Tested pass dice 4 BWafer Test Result (250,000 Chips) Tested fail dice 4 BTested fail 1 dice 4 B Wafer test result for special users Tested fail 2 dice 4 B Total tested dice 4 B 0- Total passed dice 4 B 0- Test result of normal or multi-pass probing (Before direct multi-pass probing)Total failed dice 4 B 0- Total tested dice 4 B 0- Total passed dice 4 B 0-Test result at direct multi-pass probing Total failed dice 4 B 0-(Reserved) 4 B (Reserved) 4 B (Reserved) 4 B (Reserved) 64 C4.3 C.S.P WAFER HEADER INFORMATION LIST (520 BYTE)Data NameSize(Byte)Data FormRange of ValueReference coordinator X Block 1 2 BReference coordinator Y Block 1 2 Reference coordinator X Block 22 Reference coordinator Y Block 2 2 Reference coordinator X Block3 2 C.S.P Wafer Test coordinate data per block (ID20263) Reference coordinator Y Block 32 B 00 Reference coordinator X Block 4 2 B 0− Reference coordinator Y Block 4 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 52 B Reference coordinator Y Block 5 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 62 B Reference coordinator Y Block 62 B Reference coordinator X Block 72 B Reference coordinator Y Block 72 B 0− Reference coordinator X Block 8 2 B 0− Reference coordinator Y Block 82 B 0− Reference coordinator X Block 92 B 0− Reference coordinator Y Block 9 2 B 0− Reference coordinator X Block 102 B 0− Reference coordinator Y Block 10 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 11 2 B Reference coordinator Y Block 11 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 12 2 B Reference coordinator Y Block 12 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 13 2 B Reference coordinator Y Block 13 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 14 2 B Reference coordinator Y Block 14 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 15 2 B Reference coordinator Y Block 15 2 B Reference coordinator X Block 16 2 B Reference coordinator Y Block 162BData NameSize(Byte)DataFormRangeof Value Reference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BReference coordinator X Reserved 2 BReferencecoordinatorYReserved2BData Name(Byte)Form of Value(Reserved) 64 B Size of die row of C.S.P wafer map 1 block (ID 20155)2B 1-256 Size of die line of C.S.P wafer map 1 block (ID 20156)2 B 1-256Number of blocks of C.S.P wafer map (ID 20154)2 B 1-16 Block reference position(ID20157) 2 B 0:Center1: Upper Right 2:Upper Left 3:Lower left 4:Lower right Reference position X Block 1 4 B Reference position Y Block 14 B Reference position X Block 2 4 B Reference position Y Block 2 4 B Reference position X Block 3 4 B Reference position Y Block 3 4 B Reference position X Block 4 4 B Reference position Y Block 4 4 B Reference position X Block5 4 B Reference position Y Block 5 4 B Reference position X Block6 4 B Reference position Y Block 6 4 B Reference position X Block7 4 B Reference position Y Block 7 4 B Reference position X Block8 4 B Reference position Y Block 8 4 B Reference position X Block9 4 B Reference position Y Block 9 4 B Reference position X Block 10 4 B Reference position Y Block 10 4 B Reference position X Block 11 4 B Reference position Y Block 11 4 B Reference position X Block 12 4 B Reference position Y Block 12 4 B Reference point position data per block(Distance between framecenter to block reference point) Reference position X Block 134BData Name(Byte) Form of ValueReference position Y Block 13 4 B Reference point position dataper block(Distance between framecenter to block referencepoint)Reference position X Block 14 4 BReference position Y Block 14 4 BReference position X Block 15 4 BReference position Y Block 15 4 BReference position X Block 16 4 BReference position Y Block 16 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BData Name(Byte) Form of ValueReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BReference position X Reserved 4 BReference position Y Reserved 4 BC (Reserved) 644.4 TEST RESULT per DIETest result per die is used with normal map data file and also map data file for 256 multi chips, and consists of three data, each Word of 2 bytes, thus total 6 bytes.543210151413********* 6The First Word *1 *2*3*4 *5*6*1Die Test Result0: Not Tested / 1: Pass Die / 2: Fail 1 Die / 3: Fail 2 Die*2Marking0: No / Yes (After Marking: 1)*3Fail Mark Inspection0: Yes / 1: No*4Re-Probing Result0: Not Re-Probed1: Passed at re-probing2: Failed at re-probing3: Perform fail (for special user)*5Needle Mark Inspection Result(added Jan/23/’96)(Not handled)0: OK / 1: NG*6Die Coordinator Values × (0 to 511)151413********* 6543210The Second Word *1 *2*3*4*5*6*7*1Die Property0: Skip Die / 1: Probing Die / 2: Compulsory Marking DieReject chip flag at reject chip inspection (For special users)0: Normal die 1:Reject chip*2Needle Marking Inspection Execution Die Selection0: No / 1: Yes*3Sampling Die*4Code Bit of Coordinator Value X0: + data / 1: – data*5Code Bit of Coordinator Value Y0: + data / 1: – data*6Dummy Data (except wafer)*7Die Coordinator Value Y543210151413********* 6The Third Word *1*2*3 *4 *5*6 *1Measurement Finish Flag at “No-Over-Travel” Probing0: Not Tested 1: Tested*2Reject Chip Flag (User Special)Peripheral Probing Die (Standard specification)Ink Die (User Special)Partial P/W (User Special)*3Test Execution Site No. (0 to 63)*4Block Area Judgement Function1: Block 12: Block 23: Block 3*5Category Data (0 to 63)*6According to user special, 8-bit area may be used.[NOTE] Add 1 to each of above to calculate actual site number and category data.4.5 LINE CATEGORY per DIELine category per die is used with normal map data file and map data file for 256 multi chips, and consists of four data, each Word of 2 bytes, thus total 8 bytes.As for line category, 1 to 64 of information is stored.1514131211109876543210The First Word2nd, 3rd. ::The Fourth WordTake “0” bit of the first Word as category 1 and control category information in upward direction at 64 bits (8-bytes).4.6 EXTENDED TEST RESULT per DIEExtended test result per die is used with map data file for 256 multi chips, and consists of two data, each Word of 2 bytes, thus total 8 bytes.However this area is used differently from map data up to 128 category (map version: 2,3) and category data over 128(map version: 4). [Map Version: 2/3]32101312111098765 41415The First Word *1 *2*1Extended Test Execution Site0 to 255 (add 1 for actual test execution site.)*2Extended Binary Category0 to 127 (add 1 for actual category information.)2103151312111098765 414WordTheSecondReserved area: used for future function extension.[Map Version: 4]15 14 131211109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Word *1FirstTheSiteExecution*1 ExtendedTest0 to 255 (add 1 for actual test execution site)15 14 131211 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Word *1SecondThe*1Extended Binary Category0 to 1023 (add 1 for actual category information)4.7 EXTENDED LINE CATEGORY per DIEExtended line category per die is used with map data file for 256 multi chips, and consists of four data, each Word of 2 bytes per die, thus total8 bytes.As for line category, 65 - 128 information are stored.1514131211109876543210The First Word2nd, 3rd. ::The Fourth WordTake “0” bit of the first Word as category 65 and control category information in upward direction with 64 bits (8-bytes).4.8 TEST RESULT per DIE for 250,000 CHIPSTest result per die for 250,000 is used with map data file for 250,000 chips, and consists of two data, each Byte of 1 byte, thus total 2 bytes.65432107The First Byte *1 *2*1Die Test Result0: Not Tested / 1: Passed Die / 2: Failed 1 Die / 3: Failed 2 Die*2Category Data (0 to 63) add 1 for actual data value65432107The Second Byte *1 *2*3*1Marking0: No / 1: Yes (After marking: 1)*2Spare*3Test Execution Site Number (0 to 63) add 1 for actual data value4.9 EXTENDED TEST RESULT per DIE for 250,000 CHIPSExtended test result per die for 250,000 are used with map data file for 250,000 chips, and consists of one data, each Byte of 1 byte, thus total1 byte.54321067The First Byte *1 *2*3*1Spare*2Used for System Work*3Re-Probing Result0: Not Re-Probed1: Passed at Re-Probing2: Failed at Re- Probing3: Reserved for Further Extension。
GDI教程(C中文版)
GDI+ SDK参考(翻译版本)序言.............................................................................................................................................- 4 - 目标.....................................................................................................................................- 4 - 适用范围.............................................................................................................................- 4 - 适用读者.............................................................................................................................- 4 - 运行环境.............................................................................................................................- 4 - 文档组织.............................................................................................................................- 4 - 相关主题.............................................................................................................................- 4 - GDI+的安全考虑........................................................................................................................- 6 - 检验构造函数调用成功与否..............................................................................................- 6 - 分配缓冲区.........................................................................................................................- 6 - 错误校验.............................................................................................................................- 7 - 线程同步.............................................................................................................................- 9 - 相关主题...........................................................................................................................- 10 - 关于GDI+.................................................................................................................................- 11 - GDI+ 介绍........................................................................................................................- 11 - GDI+ 概览..............................................................................................................- 11 -GDI+ 的三个组成部分..........................................................................................- 11 -基于类的接口架构....................................................................................................- 12 - GDI+提供了哪些新东西?..............................................................................................- 12 - 新特征.......................................................................................................................- 12 -编程模式的改变........................................................................................................- 15 - 线条、曲线和图形...........................................................................................................- 19 - 矢量图概览...............................................................................................................- 19 -钢笔、线条和矩形....................................................................................................- 20 -椭圆和弧...................................................................................................................- 22 -多边形.......................................................................................................................- 22 -基数样条...................................................................................................................- 23 -贝塞尔样条...............................................................................................................- 24 -路径...........................................................................................................................- 25 -画刷和填充图形........................................................................................................- 27 -开放与闭合曲线........................................................................................................- 29 -区域...........................................................................................................................- 30 -裁剪...........................................................................................................................- 31 -路径平直化...............................................................................................................- 32 -线条和曲线的抗锯齿功能........................................................................................- 32 - 图象、位图和图元文件....................................................................................................- 33 - 位图类型...................................................................................................................- 34 -图元文件...................................................................................................................- 37 -绘制、定位和复制图片............................................................................................- 39 -裁剪和缩放图象........................................................................................................- 40 - 坐标系统和转换...............................................................................................................- 42 - 坐标系统类型............................................................................................................- 42 -以矩阵来表示转换....................................................................................................- 44 -全局和局部转换........................................................................................................- 48 - 图形容器...........................................................................................................................- 51 - 使用GDI+.................................................................................................................................- 56 - 使用入门...........................................................................................................................- 56 - 绘制线条...................................................................................................................- 56 -绘制字符串...............................................................................................................- 58 - 使用钢笔绘制线条和形状................................................................................................- 59 - 使用钢笔绘制线条和矩形........................................................................................- 59 -设置钢笔的宽度和对齐方式....................................................................................- 60 -绘制具有线帽的线条................................................................................................- 61 -联接线条...................................................................................................................- 62 -绘制自定义虚线........................................................................................................- 62 -绘制用纹理填充的线条............................................................................................- 63 - 使用画笔填充形状...........................................................................................................- 63 - 用纯色填充形状........................................................................................................- 64 -用阴影图案填充形状................................................................................................- 64 -用图像纹理填充形状................................................................................................- 64 -在形状中平铺图像....................................................................................................- 65 -用渐变色填充形状....................................................................................................- 68 - 使用图像、位图和图元文件............................................................................................- 68 - 加载和显示位图........................................................................................................- 68 -加载和显示图元文件................................................................................................- 69 -记录图元文件............................................................................................................- 69 -剪裁和缩放图像........................................................................................................- 71 -旋转、反射和扭曲图像............................................................................................- 72 -缩放时使用插值模式控制图像质量........................................................................- 73 -创建缩略图像............................................................................................................- 75 -采用高速缓存位图来提高性能................................................................................- 76 -通过避免自动缩放改善性能....................................................................................- 76 -读取图像元数据........................................................................................................- 77 - 使用图像编码器和解码器................................................................................................- 83 - 列出已安装的编码器................................................................................................- 83 -列出已安装的解码器................................................................................................- 84 -获取解码器的类标识符............................................................................................- 86 -获取编码器的参数列表............................................................................................- 88 -将BMP图像转换为PNG图像.............................................................................- 100 -设定JPEG的压缩等级..........................................................................................- 101 -对JPEG图像进行无损变换..................................................................................- 102 -创建和保存多帧图像..............................................................................................- 105 -从多帧图像中复制单帧..........................................................................................- 107 - Alpha 混合线条和填充..................................................................................................- 109 - 绘制不透明和半透明的线条..................................................................................- 109 -用不透明和半透明的画笔绘制..............................................................................- 110 -使用复合模式控制Alpha 混合...........................................................................- 111 -使用颜色矩阵设置图像中的Alpha 值..............................................................- 112 -设置单个象素的alpha值.....................................................................................- 114 - 使用字体和文本.............................................................................................................- 115 - 构造字体系列和字体..............................................................................................- 115 -绘制文本.................................................................................................................- 116 -格式化文本.............................................................................................................- 117 -枚举已安装的字体..................................................................................................- 120 -创建专用的字体集合..............................................................................................- 122 -获取字体规格..........................................................................................................- 126 -对文本使用消除锯齿效果......................................................................................- 130 - 构造并绘制曲线.............................................................................................................- 131 - 绘制基数样条曲线..................................................................................................- 131 -绘制贝塞尔样条......................................................................................................- 133 - 用渐变画刷填充形状.....................................................................................................- 134 - 创建线性渐变..........................................................................................................- 134 -创建路径渐变..........................................................................................................- 137 -将Gamma 校正应用于渐变..............................................................................- 144 - 构造并绘制路径.............................................................................................................- 145 - 使用线条、曲线和形状创建图形..........................................................................- 145 -填充开放式图形......................................................................................................- 147 - 使用图形容器.................................................................................................................- 147 - 管理Graphics 对象的状态................................................................................- 148 -使用嵌套的Graphics 容器................................................................................- 151 - 变换.................................................................................................................................- 154 - 使用世界变换..........................................................................................................- 154 -为什么变换顺序非常重要......................................................................................- 155 - 使用区域.........................................................................................................................- 156 - 对区域使用点击检测..............................................................................................- 156 -对区域使用剪辑......................................................................................................- 157 - 对图像重新着色.............................................................................................................- 158 - 使用颜色矩阵对单色进行变换..............................................................................- 158 -转换图像颜色..........................................................................................................- 160 -缩放颜色.................................................................................................................- 161 -旋转颜色.................................................................................................................- 164 -剪取颜色.................................................................................................................- 166 -使用颜色重映射表..................................................................................................- 168 - 打印.................................................................................................................................- 169 - 将GDI+输出至打印机.........................................................................................- 169 -显示一个打印对话框..............................................................................................- 172 -通过提供打印机句柄优化打印..............................................................................- 173 - 附录:GDI+ 参考..................................................................................................................- 176 -序言目标Microsoft Windows GDI+是为C/C++开发者提供的一个基于类的应用程序编程接口(API)。
cass命令
CASS命令新建图形文件...new打开已有图形...open图形存盘...qsave图形改名存盘...saveas电子传递...etransmit网上发布...publishtoweb输出...export图形核查...audit修复破坏的图形...recover清理图形......purge编组....managroup页面设置...pagesetup打印机管理器...plottermanager打印样式管理器...stylesmanager打印预览...preview打印...plot宗地图表批量打印.....zdtbplot图形属性....dwgpropsCASS6.1参数配置.....setparaCASS6.1系统配置文件.....setsimboldef AutoCAD系统配置.....preferences操作回退......U取消回退......redo物体捕捉....OSNAP捕捉圆心点......CEN端点......endp插入点......ins交点......int中间点 (i)最近点......nea节点......nod垂直点......per四分圆点......qua切点......tan取消捕捉............non前方交会......qfjh边长交会......intersu方向交会......angdist支距量算......zhiju画直线........line徒手画........sketch画弧..........arc画圆..........circle画椭圆........ellipse;画多边形......polygon画点..........point画曲线........quxian画复合线......pline多功能复合线..Pdjf3画圆环........donut制作图块......wblock插入图块......ddinsert批量插入图块..plinsert插入光栅图象..image光栅图象纠正..rectify光栅图象赋予..imageattach光栅图象剪裁..imageclip光栅图象调整..imageadjust光栅图象质量..imagequality光栅图象透明度...transparency 光栅图象框架....imageframe写文字...dtext编辑文字...ddedit批量写文字..mtext沿线条注记...linetext插入文本文件..rtext炸碎文字......TXTEXP MTEXTTEXT...MTEXTTOTEXT文字消隐......textmask取消文字消隐..textunmask查找替换文字..find定义字型......style变换字体... fonts1查询列图形表..list查询工作状态..status编缉文本文件..notepad对象特性管理..properties图元编辑......ddmodify图层设定yer目标实体层ymch当前层ycur仅留实体所在层yiso冻结实体所在层yfrz关闭实体所在层yoff锁定实体所在层ylck解锁实体所在层yulk转移实体所在层ymrg删除实体所在层ydel打开所有图层yon解冻所有图层ythw图层叠放顺序.....draworder删除多重目标选择..erase删除单个目标选择..erase;_si; 删除上个选定目标...erase;_l; 删除实体所在图层...scsd删除实体所在编码...scdaima延伸 ....extend修剪 ....trim对齐 ....align移动 ....move旋转 ....rotate比例缩放....scale伸展 ....stretch阵列 ....array复制 ....copy镜像 ....mirror圆角 ....nfillet偏移拷贝....offset局部偏移....partoffset批量选目标..mssx修改性质....change修改颜色....scsc炸开实体....explode重画屏幕....redraw显示缩放....zoom鹰眼....dsviewer视口........+vports 1命名视图....view平面视图....plan文本窗口....textscr工具栏......toolbar查看实体编码...GETP加入实体编码...PUTP生成用户编码...changecode编辑实体地物编码...modifycode 生成交换文件...INMAP读入交换文件...OUTMAP屏幕菜单功能切换...PP导线记录....ADJRECORD导线平差....ADJUST读取全站仪数据...totalstation微机-E500....stran微机-南方NTS-320...r_nts320;微机-拓普康GTS-211...r_gts211;微机-拓普康GTS-602...r_gts602;微机-索佳SET系列.....r_set500;微机-宾得PCS-300 CSV.R_PCS300;南方RTK格式..NGK300;南方GPS后处理格式...gpshcl;南方S-CASS GRP格式...s_cass;南方S-CASS HTT格式...readhtt;索佳SET2C LST格式....SET2C;索佳SET2C DAT格式....SET2CDAT;索佳POWERSET坐标格式.SET2010;索佳POWERSET SDR2X格式..POWERSDR;杰科全站数据格式........JIEKE测图精灵格式转换读入...readspda转出...writespda原始测量数据录入需要控制点坐标文件...inputsource;1;不需控制点坐标文件...inputsource;2; 原始数据格式转换需要控制点坐标文件...data;1;不需控制点坐标文件...data;2;批量修改坐标数据.....CHDATA数据合并.......SJHB数据分幅.......SJFF坐标显示与打印.......SHOWGPS设置..............jihuo实时GPS跟踪..........gpsin定显示区..........HTCS改变当前图形比例尺...gbblc1展高程点.........zhkzd;1;高程点建模设置...gcddtm;高程点过滤.......gcdguolv水上高程点一般注记法.......zhkzd;2旋转注记.........xiewater海图注记法.......zhkzd;3;打散高程注记.....explodegcd合成打散的高程注记....resumegcd展野外测点点号.....zhdm;2;展野外测点代码.....zhdm;3;展野外测点点位.....zhdm;4;切换展点注记.......changezdh;展控制点.......drawkzd;编码引导....bmyd;简码识别....bmsb;图幅网格(指定长宽).....tfwg;加方格网...............hfgw;方格注记...............FGZJ;建立格网...............fenfu;批量输出...............fenfuout;普通分幅...............plxietf;700米公路分幅..........fenfu700;标准图幅 (50X50cm).....tfzs;2;标准图幅 (50X40cm).....tfzs;1;任意图幅...............tfzs;3;小比例尺图幅...........XBLTF;倾斜图幅...............tfzs;4;工程0 号图框...........HZTK;0;工程1 号图框...........hztk;1;工程2 号图框...........hztk;2;工程3 号图框.........hztk;3;图纸空间图幅youtprint;1; youtprint;2;任意图幅youtprint;3; 图形梯形纠正......ROTA地籍参数设置.....CADAPARA绘制权属线.......JZLINE权属合并.........QSHB由图形生成.......HANDQS由复合线生成.....PLINEQS由界址线生成.....JIEZHIQS;权属信息文件合并......UNITEQS;依权属文件绘权属图....hqst;修改界址点号..........JZNUMBER重排界址点号..........requeuejzp设置最大界址点号......setmaxjzd修改界址点号前缀......setprefix删除无用界址点........delunusejzd注记界址点点名注记..............zjzdm删除..............delzjzdm界址点圆圈修饰剪切.........xiushijzd;1;消隐.........xiushijzd;2;调整宗地内界址点顺序......arrangejzd界址点生成数据文件........jzptofile;查找宗地..............zhizong查找界址点............zhijzp宗地合并..............joinjzx宗地分割..............splitjzx;宗地重构..............regenzd;修改建筑物属性设置结构和层数.............jzwxx注记建筑物边长.............bianchang计算宗地内建筑面积.............jmdmj注记建筑占地面积.............jsmj;4建筑物注记重构.............regenbuildtext修改宗地属性.............setjiezhi修改界址线属性.............jzxinfo修改界址点属性.............jzdinfo输出宗地属性.............zdinfomdb绘制地籍表格界址点成果表.............hjzdb界址点成果表(excel).............jzdcgb_excel界址点坐标表.............jzdzb以街坊为单位界址点坐标表.............jzdtable以街道为单位宗地面积汇总表.............huizong城镇土地分类面积统计表.............chenzhen街道面积统计表.............TONGJI;1街坊面积统计表.............TONGJI;2面积分类统计表.............FENLEI;1街道面积分类统计表.............FENLEI;2街坊面积分类统计表.............FENLEI;3绘制宗地图框32开单块宗地.............hzdtk;1批量处理.............pltf;116开单块宗地.............hzdtk;4批量处理.............pltf;4A4竖单块宗地.............hzdtk;2批量处理.............pltf;2A4横单块宗地.............hzdtk;5批量处理.............pltf;5A3竖单块宗地.............hzdtk;3批量处理.............pltf;3A3横单块宗地.............hzdtk;6批量处理.............pltf;6自定义尺寸单块宗地.............hzdtk;0批量处理.............pltf;0土地详查行政区村界绘制.............drawxzq;1村界内部点.............xzqinsert;1乡镇界绘制.............drawxzq;2乡镇界内部点.............xzqinsert;2县区界绘制.............drawxzq;3县区界内部点.............xzqinsert;3权属区绘制.............qsline内部点生成.............qsinside图斑绘图生成.............dljline内部点生成.............dljinside统计面积.............dljarea线状地类.............linedlj零星地类.............pointdlj地类要素属性修改.............dljinfo线状地类扩面.............fromlinedlj检查线状地类.............checklinedlj分级面积控制.............areacontrol统计土地利用面积.............statdlj等高线(&S)建立DTM.............LINKSJX图面DTM完善.............APPENDSJX删除三角形_erase过滤三角形.............filter_sjx增加三角形.............jsjw三角形内插点.............insert_sjx删三角形顶点.............erase_sjx重组三角形.............re_sjx加入地性线.............valley删三角网.............delsjx三角网存取写入文件.............writesjw读出文件.............readsjw修改结果存盘.............ssjw绘制等高线.............dzx绘制等深线.............dsx等高线内插.............CONTOUR等值线过滤.............dgxguolv删全部等高线.............deldgx查询指定点高程.............height等高线修剪批量修剪等高线.............pltrdgx切除指定二线间等高线.............trtwoline切除指定区域内等高线.............tregion取消等高线消隐.............(arxload "wipeout");erasewipeout 等高线注记单个高程注记.............GCZJ沿直线高程注记.............GCSPZJ;1单个示坡线.............spzj沿直线示坡线.............GCSPZJ;2等高线局部替换已有线.............dgxsegment新画线.............dgxsegment1复合线滤波.............jjjd三维模型绘制三维模型.............vshow低级着色方式.............SHADE;高级着色方式.............RENDER;返回平面视图.............VEND;坡度分析颜色配置.............slopeconfig颜色填充.............slopecolor低级着色方式.............SHADE;高级着色方式.............RENDER;地物编辑(&A)重新生成.............recass;线型换向.............huan修改墙宽.............wallwidth修改坎高.............askan电力电信 >.............$i=dldxx $i=*--植被填充稻田 .............tian;211100;211102旱地 .............tian;211200;211202菜地 .............tian;211400;211402果园 .............tian;212100;212102桑园 .............tian;212200;212202茶园 .............tian;212300;212302橡胶园 .............tian;212400;212402其他园林.............tian;212500;212502有林地 .............tian;213100;213102灌木林 .............tian;213201;213204疏林 .............tian;213300;213302未成林 .............tian;213400;0苗圃 .............tian;213500;213502迹地 .............tian;213600;0竹林 .............tian;213901;213903天然草地.............tian;214100;214102改良草地.............tian;214200;0人工草地.............tian;214300;214302芦苇地 .............tian;215100;215102半荒植物地.............tian;215200;215202植物稀少地.............tian;215300;215302花圃 .............tian;215400;215402水生经济作物地.............tian;211300;211302土质填充肥气池.............tian;153901;0沙地 .............tian;206100;0石块地.............tian;206300;206302盐碱地.............tian;206400;206402小草丘地.............tian;206502;206504龟裂地.............tian;206600;206602能通行沼泽地.............tian;206701;0不能通行沼泽地.............tian;206702;0小比例房屋填充.............tian;141103;0图案填充.............sotian--符号等分内插.............neicha批量缩放文字 .............ctext符号 .............cblock圆圈 ircle复合线处理批量拟合复合线.............plind批量闭合复合线.............plbihe批量修改复合线高.............changeheight批量改变复合线宽.............linewidth--线型规范化.............pludd--复合线编辑............._pedit复合线上加点.............polyins复合线上删点.............erasevertex移动复合线顶点.............movevertex--相邻的复合线连接.............polyjoin;分离的复合线连接.............sepapolyjoin;重量线轻量线.............tolwpoly;--直线复合线.............linetopline;圆弧复合线.............arctopline;SPLINE复合线.............splinetopline;椭圆复合线.............ellipsetopline;图形接边.............mapjoin--图形属性转换图层图层单个处理.............cetoce;1批量处理.............cetoce;2图层编码单个处理.............cetoce;3批量处理.............cetoce;4编码编码单个处理.............bmtobm;1批量处理.............bmtobm;2编码图层单个处理.............bmtobm;3批量处理.............bmtobm;4编码颜色单个处理.............bmtobm;5批量处理.............bmtobm;6编码线形单个处理.............bmtobm;7批量处理.............bmtobm;8编码图块单个处理.............bmtobm;9批量处理.............bmtobm;10图块图块单个处理totk;1批量处理totk;2图块图层单个处理totk;3批量处理totk;4图块编码单个处理totk;5批量处理totk;6线形线形单个处理.............xxtoxx;1批量处理.............xxtoxx;2线形图层单个处理.............xxtoxx;3批量处理.............xxtoxx;4线形编码单个处理.............xxtoxx;5批量处理.............xxtoxx;6字型字型单个处理.............zxtozx;1批量处理.............zxtozx;2字型图层单个处理.............zxtozx;3批量处理.............zxtozx;4--坐标转换.............transform测站改正.............modizhan二维图形.............toplane房檐改正.............changeeaves直角纠正整体纠正.............rightangle单角纠正.............singleangle--批量删剪窗口删剪.............cksj依指定多边形删剪.............plsj批量剪切窗口剪切.............ckjq依指定多边形剪切.............pljq局部存盘窗口内的图形存盘.............savet;2多边形内图形存盘.............savet;1--打散独立图块.............explodeblock打散复杂线型.............explodeline检查入库(&G)地物属性结构设置.............attsetup编辑实体附加属性.............modiappinfo--图形实体检查.............checkdwg--过滤无属性实体.............guolv删除伪结点.............check_node删除复合线多余点.............jjjd;2删除重复实体.............check_repeat--等高线穿越地物检查.............checkdgxcross等高线高程注记检查.............checkdgxtext等高线拉线高程检查.............checkfromline等高线相交检查.............checkdgxinter--坐标文件检查.............check_datfile点位误差检查.............checkcoorderror边长误差检查.............checksideerror--输出ARC/INFO SHP格式.............casstoshp输出MAPINFO MIF/MID格式.............mifmid输出国家空间矢量格式.............vctout工程应用(&C)查询指定点坐标.............CXZB查询两点距离及方位.............distuser查询线长.............getlength查询实体面积.............areauser计算表面积根据坐标文件.............surfacearea;1根据图上高程点.............surfacearea;2 --生成里程文件由纵断面线生成新建.............hdmcreate添加.............hdmadd变长.............hdmlength剪切.............hdmtrim设计.............hdmdesign生成.............fromzdline由复合线生成普通断面.............plptdm隧道断面.............plsddm由等高线生成.............dmfromdgx;1由三角网生成.............dmfromdgx;2由坐标文件生成.............getlicheng--DTM法土方计算根据坐标文件.............DTMTF;1根据图上高程点.............DTMTF;2根据图上三角网.............tstf;--计算两期间土方.............twosjw断面法土方计算道路设计参数文件.............roadpara;--道路断面.............transect;1;场地断面.............transect;2;任意断面.............transect;3;--图上添加断面线.............appenddmx--修改设计参数.............designpara编辑断面线.............editdmx修改断面里程.............chglicheng图面土方计算.............mapretf--二断面线间土方计算.............betweendmx方格网法土方计算.............fgwtf;等高线法土方计算.............dgxtf;区域土方量平衡根据坐标文件.............tfbalance;1根据图上高程点.............tfbalance;2--绘断面图根据已知坐标.............dmt_dat根据里程文件.............dmt_licheng根据等高线.............dmt_dgx;1根据三角网.............dmt_dgx;2--绘设计线.............sjline计算断面面积.............dmarea查询断面点.............dmpoint--公路曲线设计单个交点处理.............pointcurve;--要素文件录入.............putroadata;要素文件处理.............roadcurve;--计算指定范围的面积.............jsmj统计指定区域的面积.............tjmj指定点所围成的面积.............parea--线条长度调整.............linefy面积调整调整一点.............movept调整一边.............mjfy在一边调整一点.............ptatside--指定点生成数据文件.............shzht高程点生成数据文件有编码高程点.............LINKSJX1无编码高程点.............gcdtodat控制点生成数据文件.............kzdtodat等高线生成数据文件.............datincontour图幅管理(&M)图幅信息操作.............MAPMANAGE图幅显示.............SELMAP图幅列表.............MAPBAR--绘超链接索引图.............hypertfgl移动............._move镜像............._mirror旋转............._rotate缩放............._scale拉伸............._stretch基点.............base复制.............copy参照.............reference放弃.............._u特性............._properties转至 ................_gotourl退出................_exit剪切............._cutclip复制............._copyclip带基点复制............._copybase粘贴............._pasteclip粘贴为块............._pasteblock粘贴到原坐标............._pasteorig放弃(&U)............._u重做..............._redo平移................pan缩放.............._zoom--快速选择................_qselect查找................_find选项................_options剪切............._cutclip复制............._copyclip带基点复制............._copybase粘贴............._pasteclip粘贴为块............._pasteblock粘贴到原坐标............._pasteorig--删除............._erase移动..................move复制选择..............copy缩放................._scale旋转................._rotate全部不选(&A).............(ai_deselect)--快速选择(&Q)................_qselect查找(&F)................_find特性(&S)............._properties平移.......................pan缩放......................_zoom标注对象的上下文菜单标注文字位置在尺寸线上............._ai_dim_textabove置中............._ai_dim_textcenter默认位置............._ai_dim_texthome单独移动文字............._aidimtextmove _2与引线一起移动............._aidimtextmove _1 与尺寸线一起移动............_aidimtextmove _0精度0............._aidimprec _00.0............._aidimprec _10.00............._aidimprec _20.000............._aidimprec _30.0000............._aidimprec _40.00000............._aidimprec _50.000000............._aidimprec _6标注样式(&D)另存为新样式(&S)................_aidimstyle _S 标注样式 MRU1............._aidimstyle _1标注样式 MRU2............._aidimstyle _2标注样式 MRU3............._aidimstyle _3标注样式 MRU4............._aidimstyle _4标注样式 MRU5............._aidimstyle _5标注样式 MRU6............._aidimstyle _6其他......................_aidimstyle _O视口对象的上下文菜单视口剪裁(&V)............._vpclip显示视口对象是............._-vports _on _p;; 否............._-vports _off _p;;显示锁定是(&Y)............._-vports _lock _on _p否(&N)............._-vports _lock _off _p消隐出图(&H)是(&Y)............._-vports _hide _on _p否(&N)............._-vports _hide _off _p外部参照对象的上下文菜单外部参照剪裁(&I)............._xclip外部参照管理器(&N)................_xref多行文字对象的上下文菜单编辑多行文字(&I)................_mtedit文字对象的上下文菜单编辑文字(&I)................_ddedit图案填充对象的上下文菜单编辑图案填充................_hatchedit多段线对象的上下文菜单编辑多段线............._pedit样条曲线对象的上下文菜单编辑样条曲线............._splinedit多段线对象的上下文菜单编辑多段线............._pedit标注线性标注............_dimlinear对齐标注............._dimaligned坐标标注............._dimordinate--半径标注............._dimradius直径标注............._dimdiameter角度标注.............._dimangular--快速标注............._qdim基线标注............._dimbaseline连续标注............._dimcontinue快速引线............._qleader公差............._tolerance圆心标记............._dimcenter--编辑标注............._dimedit编辑标注文字............._dimtedit标注更新............._-dimstyle _apply 标注样式...............dimstyle绘图直线............._line构造线............._xline多线............._mline多段线............._pline正多边形............._polygon矩形............._rectang圆弧............._arc 圆............._circle样条曲线............._spline椭圆............_ellipse椭圆弧............_ellipse _a块创建块............._block 点.................point图案填充............._bhatch面域............._region多行文字............._mtext查询距离........................dist面积..............area面域/质量特性............._massprop列表......................_list点坐标 (i)插入插入块............._insert外部参照............._xref图像............._image输入............._importOLE 对象............._insertobj布局新建布局....................._layout _n 来自样板的布局............._layout _t页面设置............._pagesetup显示“视口”对话框............_vports修改删除............._erase复制对象........................copy)镜像.............................mirror) 偏移............._offset阵列............_array移动..............move旋转..............rotate缩放..............scale拉伸..............stretch拉长............._lengthen修剪............._trim延伸............._extend打断于点............._break \f \@打断............._break倒角............_chamfer圆角............._fillet分解............._explode修改_II显示顺序............._draworder--编辑图案填充............._hatchedit编辑多段线............._pedit编辑样条曲线............._splinedit编辑多线............._mledit--编辑属性............._eattedit块属性管理器............._BattMan同步属性............._AttSync属性提取............._EAttExt对象特性将对象的图层置为当前............_ai_molc图层yer 上一个图层............._LayerP对象捕捉临时追踪点............................tt 捕捉自..................from捕捉到端点................endp捕捉到中点 (i)捕捉到交点................int捕捉到外观交点............appint捕捉到延长线 (x)捕捉到圆心................cen捕捉到象限点..............qua捕捉到切点................tan捕捉到垂足................per捕捉到平行线..............par捕捉到插入点..............ins捕捉到节点................nod捕捉到最近点..............nea无捕捉....................non对象捕捉设置..............dsettings 2三维动态观察器三维平移..................3dpan三维缩放".................3dzoom三维动态观察...............3dorbit三维连续观察...............3dcorbit三维旋转...................3dswivel三维调整距离...............3ddistance三维调整剪裁平面...........3dclip前向剪裁开/关............._dview后向剪裁开/关............._dview着色二维线框...............shademode _2三维线框...............shademode _3消隐...................shademode _h平面着色...............shademode _f体着色.................shademode _g带边框平面着色.........hademode _l带边框体着色...........shademode _o参照编辑编辑块或外部参照............._refedit;向工作集添加对象..............refset _add从工作集删除对象..............refset _rem放弃对参照的修改..............refclose _disc 将修改保存到参照..............refclose _sav参照外部参照............_xref附着外部参照............._xattach外部参照剪裁............._xclip外部参照绑定............._xbind外部参照剪裁边框......xclipframe 1--图像.................image附着图像............imageattach图像剪裁.............imageclip图像调整............._imageadjust图像质量"............._imagequality图像透明............._transparency图像边框............._imageframe渲染消隐............._hide渲染............._render场景............._scene光源............._light材质............_rmat材质库............._matlib贴图............._setuv背景............._background雾化............._fog新建配景............._lsnew编辑配景............._lsedit配景库............._lslib--渲染系统配置............._rpref统计信息................._stats实体长方体............._box球体............._sphere圆柱体............._cylinder圆锥体............._cone楔体............._wedge圆环............._torus拉伸............._extrude旋转............._revolve剖切............._slice切割............._section干涉............._interfere设置图形............._soldraw设置视图"............._solview设置轮廓............._solprof实体编辑并集............._union差集............._subtract交集............._intersect拉伸面............._solidedit _face _extrude 移动面............._solidedit _face _move偏移面............._solidedit _face _offset 删除面............._solidedit _face _delete 旋转面............._solidedit _face _rotate 倾斜面............._solidedit _face _taper 复制面............._solidedit _face _copy着色面............._solidedit _face _color --复制边............._solidedit _edge _copy着色边............._solidedit _edge _color --压印............._solidedit _body _imprint 清除............._solidedit _body _clean分割............._solidedit _body _separate 抽壳............._solidedit _body _shell检查............._solidedit _body _check标准新建............._new打开............._open保存............._qsave打印............._plot打印预览............._preview查找和替换............._find剪切到剪贴板............._cutclip复制到剪贴板............._copyclip从剪贴板粘贴............._pasteclip特性匹配................_matchprop--放弃............._u重做............._redo--今日............._Today三维动态观察器.......3dorbit实时平移.............._pan实时缩放.............zoom标准配置标准............._Standards检查标准............._CheckStandards图层转换............._LayTrans曲面二维填充............._solid三维面............._3dface--长方体表面............._ai_box楔体表面............._ai_wedge圆锥面............._ai_cone球面............._ai_sphere上半球面............._ai_dome下半球面............._ai_dish圆环面............._ai_torus-- 边............_edge三维网格............._3dmesh旋转曲面............._revsurf平移曲面............._tabsurf直纹曲面............._rulesurf边界曲面............._edgesurf文字多行文字............._mtext单行文字............._dtext编辑文字............._ddedit查找和替换............._find文字样式................style缩放文字............._scaletext对正文字............._justifytext在空间之间转换距离...._spacetransUCSUCS............._ucs显示 UCS 对话框............._+ucsman 0上一个 UCS............._ucs _p--世界 UCS............._ucs _w对象 UCS............._ucs _ob面 UCS"............._ucs _fa视图 UCS............._ucs _v原点 UCS............._ucs _oZ 轴矢量 UCS............._ucs _zaxis 三点 UCS............._ucs _3X 轴旋转 UCS............._ucs _xY 轴旋转 UCS............._ucs _yZ 轴旋转 UCS............._ucs _z应用 UCS............._ucs _apply显示 UCS 对话框............._+ucsman 0移动 UCS 原点............._ucs _move视图命名视图", "ICON_16_DDVIEW", "ICON_16_DDVIEW")............._view俯视图", "ICON_16_VIETOP", "ICON_16_VIETOP")............._-view _top仰视图", "ICON_16_VIEBOT", "ICON_16_VIEBOT")............._-view _bottom左视图", "ICON_16_VIELEF", "ICON_16_VIELEF")............._-view _left右视图", "ICON_16_VIERIG", "ICON_16_VIERIG")............._-view _right主视图", "ICON_16_VIEFRO", "ICON_16_VIEFRO")............._-view _front后视图", "ICON_16_VIEBAC", "ICON_16_VIEBAC")............._-view _back西南等轴测视图", "ICON_16_VIESWI", "ICON_16_VIESWI")............._-view _swiso 东南等轴测视图", "ICON_16_VIESEI", "ICON_16_VIESEI")............._-view _seiso 东北等轴测视图", "ICON_16_VIENEI", "ICON_16_VIENEI")............._-view _neiso 西北等轴测视图", "ICON_16_VIENWI", "ICON_16_VIENWI")............._-view _nwiso 相机", "ICON_16_CAMERA", "ICON_16_CAMERA")............._camera视口显示“视口”对话框............._vports单个视口.......................-vports剪裁现有视口 ............._vpclipWEB后退..........................._hyperlinkBack前进..........................._hyperlinkFwd停止浏览......................._hyperlinkStop浏览 Web......................._browser缩放窗口缩放.........................zoom _w动态缩放.........................zoom _d比例缩放.........................zoom _s中心缩放.........................zoom _c放大.............................zoom 2x缩小.............................zoom .5x全部缩放.........................zoom _all范围缩放.........................zoom _e标准工具栏图层管理yer把对象的图层置为当前.............ai_molc线型管理.........................linetype 编组选择关.......................PICKSTYLE 0 编组选择开.......................PICKSTYLE 1 打开老图.............open图形存盘.............qsave重画屏幕.............redraw平移.................pan缩放.................zoom窗选.................zoom _w全图.................zoom _e前图.................zoom _p回退.................u取消回退.............redo对象特性.............properties设计中心.............adcenter删除.................erase移动.................move复制.................copy修剪............._trim延伸............._extendCASS实用工具栏查看实体编码.............getp加入实体编码.............putp重新生成.............recass批量选目标线型换向.............huan修改坎高.............askan查询坐标.............cxzb查询距离和方位角.............distuser注记文字.............wzzj多点房屋.............drawddf四点房屋.............fourpt依比例围墙...........drawwq陡坎.................drawdk自然斜坡等...........xp交互展点.............drawgcd图根点...............drawtgd电力线...............drawdlx道路.................drawdl地籍地籍参数设置.............CADAPARA绘制权属线.................JZLINE权属线生成依权属文件绘权属图.............hqst修改界址点号.............JZNUMBER重排界址点号.............requeuejzp设置最大界址点号.............setmaxjzd 删除无用界址点号.............delunusejzd 注记界址点点名界址点圆圈修饰.............xiushijzd调整界址点顺序.............arrangejzd界址点生成数据文件.............jzptofile 查找指定宗地.............zhizong查找指定界址点.............zhijzp宗地合并.............joinjzx宗地分割.............splitjzx宗地重构.............regenzd--修改宗地属性.............setjiezhi修改界址线属性.............jzxinfo修改界址点属性.............jzdinfo输出宗地属性.............zdinfomdb等高线由数据文件建立.............LINKSJX图面DTM完善.............APPENDSJX删除三角形.............._erase过滤三角形.............filter_sjx增加三角形.............jsjw三角形内插点.............insert_sjx删三角形顶点.............erase_sjx重组三角形.............re_sjx删三角网.............delsjx三角网存取修改结果存盘.............ssjw绘制等高线.............dzx绘制等深线.............dsx等高线内插.............CONTOUR等值线过滤.............dgxguolv删全部等高线.............deldgx查询指定点高程.............height等高线修剪切除穿建筑物等高线.............plsx切除穿坡坎等高线.............trkan切除穿围墙等高线.............trwall切除指定二线间等高线.............trtwoline切除指定区域内等高线.............tregion切除穿控制点注记等高线.............kzdtrim消隐穿独立地物等高线.............(ARXLOAD "WIPEOUT");blockmask 切除穿独立地物等高线.............blocktrim消隐穿文字注记等高线.............(ARXLOAD "WIPEOUT");textmask 取消穿注记等高线消隐.............(arxload "wipeout");textunmask 切除穿文字注记等高线.............btxt单个示坡线...............spzj沿直线示坡线.............GCSPZJ;2复合线滤波...............jjjd三维模型绘制三维模型.............vshow低着色方式.............SHADE;高级着色方式.............RENDER;返回平面视图.............VEND;地物编辑修改墙宽.............wallwidth修改坎高.............askan图案填充.............sotian符号等分内插.............neicha线型规范化.............pludd图形接边.............mapjoin坐标转换.............transform测站改更.............modizhan质量控制打散独立图块.............explodeblock。
Girder 使用说明
遥控驱动软件Girder使用说明软件简介安装软件参数设置添加遥控命令设定遥控命令的功能简单的设定方法这是一个非常优秀的红外遥控软件,我们一直在使用,强烈推荐。
作者说:它是免费的!过去是免费的!以后仍然是免费的!免费软件正是我们所期待的,况且这个软件又是如此的优秀。
为了方便大家使用,我们对它作了汉化,如有翻译不准确的地方,请告知我们,我们将进行修正。
软件功能:记录系统中的事件键盘模拟鼠标移动、点击(单击和双击)窗口(目标)关闭、隐藏、显示、点击、双击监视器电源管理(开启/关闭...)激活屏幕保护关闭主机电源/关闭WINDOWS/中止程序/重新启动播放W A V文件每次按键、单击、双击,GIRDER捕捉到动作后将记录和显示相关的WINDOWS信息提示。
运行指定程序声卡的包括音量在内的所有功能控制在屏幕显示操作语音报时对命令有条件的执行睡眠定时启动Girder时执行命令自动在启动Windows时运行Girder支持用户插件支持的硬件:UIRIRman键盘TCP/IP(远程控制)游戏摇杆IrDaAST/IBM/NEC/Logitech红外鼠标软件的安装:先将软件压缩包解至任一目录。
安装与其它软件类似,双击“girder3014.exe”即可。
安装路径一般用默认值,不作改变。
将汉化包里的“简体中文.lng”文件复制到软件“girder”的目录下的“i18n”目录下。
运行软件“girder”,单击“file”下的“settings...”,出现如下图所示设置窗口,单击“User Interface”,在“Language”栏选择“简体中文”,再单击“Apply”即可。
(新版本GIRDER已经包含中文语言,可直接选择chinese即可)软件的参数设置:如图所示,用鼠标点击“系统设置”。
出现下图所示设置窗口。
先在“自动允许输入设备”项上打对勾。
在“输入设备”栏选择“UIR/IRman”,然后单击“应用”,这时“设置”由灰色变为黑色,再单击“设置”,如下图所示:在“端口选择”栏,选择你的红外遥控装置所连接的那个串口。
Surfer_8操作手册
EICAD3.0说明
EICAD简介目录1. 目录 (2)2. 1.系统概况 (3)2.1 1.1 创新道路设计领域的“建筑信息模型BIM”理念 (4)2.2 1.2 构建智能化实体及其内部关联 (4)2.3 1.3 高交互式和可视化地创建道路模型 (4)2.4 1.4 出色的可视化性能 (4)2.5 1.5 突破内存限制的64位操作系统,支持大型工程设计项目 (4)3. 2.数字地面模型 (4)3.1 2.1 支持大型数据集、多种显示模式的数模实体 (6)3.2 2.2 MeshEditor程序支持快捷、高效的模型编辑 (6)3.3 2.3 支持道路设计过程中实时剖切 (6)3.4 2.4 进行场地整平设计 (6)4. 3.路线平面设计 (6)4.1 3.1 智能化“道路中线”实体 (7)4.2 3.2 更加快捷的平面设计和编辑功能 (7)4.3 3.3 实时联动设计 (7)5. 4.纵断面设计 (7)5.1 4.1 “拉坡图”实体 (8)5.2 4.2 智能化“竖曲线”实体 (8)5.3 4.3 实时变化的监视断面 (8)6. 5.横断面设计 (8)6.1 5.1 路基模板实体 (9)6.2 5.2 超高实体 (9)6.3 5.3 边坡模板实体 (9)6.4 5.4 道路模型实体 (9)7. 6.图表生成 (9)7.1 6.1 智能“图框”实体 (10)7.2 6.2 图纸集管理 (10)1. 目录1 系统概况(见 [标题编号.])1.1 创新道路设计领域的"建筑信息模型BIM"理念1.2 构建智能化实体及其内部关联1.3 高交互式和可视化地创建道路模型1.4 出色的可视化性能1.5 突破内存限制的64位操作系统,支持大型工程设计项目2 数字地面模型(见 [标题编号.])2.1 支持大型数据集、多种显示模式的数模实体2.2 MeshEditor程序支持快捷、高效的模型编辑2.3 支持道路设计过程中实时剖切2.4 进行场地整平设计3 路线平面设计(见 [标题编号.])3.1 智能化"道路中线"实体3.2 更加快捷的平面设计和编辑功能3.3 实时联动设计4 纵断面设计(见 [标题编号.])4.1 "拉坡图"实体4.2 智能化"竖曲线"实体4.3 实时变化的监视断面5 横断面设计(见 [标题编号.])5.1 路基模板实体5.2 超高实体5.3 边坡模板实体5.4 道路模型实体6 图表生成(见 [标题编号.])6.1 智能"图框"实体6.2 图纸集管理2. 1.系统概况1. 系统概况狄诺尼集成交互式道路与立交设计系统EICAD 3.0汇集了近十年来公路与城市道路设计领域的理论创新成果;全面贯彻了全三维化设计的新理念,设计过程中可实时观察道路模型的三维状态;实现了一套智能化自定义实体及其底层联动机制,通过夹点编辑和双击编辑功能,设计命令大大减少,而设计功能更加丰富,可大幅度提高设计效率。
微光双目系统低照度环境三维测量方法研究
摘要摘要双目立体视觉是计算机视觉的重要研究方向之一,该技术被广泛应用于工业、农业、医学等领域,对于提高生产效率及生活质量有重要意义。
微光双目视觉是指在光强微弱的环境下进行图像获取和立体匹配。
由于在黑暗环境中拍摄的图像会受到随机噪声的影响,因此如何获取精确的微光图像立体匹配深度图是一个具有挑战性的问题。
本文针对这一问题,围绕立体匹配算法展开研究,主要分为以下两个部分:本文提出了一种结合区域信息来增强局部噪声像素鲁棒性的匹配算法。
该算法改进了传统的半全局匹配算法,改进分为两个方面:首先,双目视觉获取的两幅图像进行图像分割获取区域信息,通过加入结构软约束解决动态传播路径不完全的问题。
其次,在特征提取模块通过将Census算子由二元改进为三元降低噪声的影响。
该算法分别在Middlebury公开数据集,通过加噪处理的仿真数据及真实采集的微光数据上进行了验证,实验结果表明,本文提出的改进算法降低了微光双目受噪声的影响,提高了微光立体匹配的准确度。
此外,本文针对微光数据对神经网络算法进行调研,考虑到金字塔立体匹配算法(PSM,Pyramid Stereo Matching)在匹配代价计算模块融入了不同位置和尺度的环境信息,本文提出了将该算法应用在微光数据上,并在预处理及后处理部分进行了相应的改进。
该算法分别在KITTI公开数据集,通过加噪处理的仿真数据及真实采集的微光数据上进行了验证,实验结果表明,该算法在微光立体匹配上有好的匹配性能。
关键词:立体视觉,微光,随机噪声,神经网络,区域信息AbsrtactAbstractBinocular stereo vision is one of the important research directions of computer vision.It is widely used in industry,agriculture,medicine and other fields.It is significant to improve production efficiency and quality of life.Low-light binocular stereo vision is to obtain images in low-light environment.Images taken in dark environment will be affected by random noise,hence how to obtain accurate depth maps of low-light stereo matching is a challenging problem.For this problem,this paper does some research about the low-light stereo matching algorithms,the main research has the following two aspects:In this paper,a matching algorithm based on regional information is proposed to enhance the robustness of local noise pixels.This algorithm improves the traditional semi-global matching algorithm.The improvement can be divided into two points:Firstly,two images acquired by low-light cameras are segmented to obtain region information,and the problem of incomplete dynamic propagation path is solved by adding structural soft constraints.Secondly,in the feature extraction module,the Census operator is improved from binary to ternary to reduce the influence of noise.The algorithm is validated on the Midllebury data set,synthetic data and real world data captured by low-light camera in darkness.The experimental results show that the improved algorithm reduces the influence of noise on low-light vision and improves the accuracy of low-light stereo matching.In addition,this paper studied the neural network.Considering that pyramid stereo matching incorporates environmental information of different locations and scales into the matching cost calculation module,this paper selected this algorithm.In addition,image pre-processing and post processing are added for the low-light data. The algorithm is validated on KITTI data set,synthetic data and real world data.The experimental results show that the algorithm perform better in low-light data.Key Words:Stereo vision,Low-light,Random noise,Neural network,Regional information.目录目录第1章引言 (1)1.1研究背景及意义 (1)1.2国内外研究现状 (2)1.2.1立体匹配研究现状 (2)1.2.2微光立体测距研究现状 (5)1.3主要内容和结构安排 (7)第2章相关技术理论 (8)2.1双目立体视觉理论 (8)2.1.1摄像机成像模型 (8)2.1.2摄像机标定 (11)2.1.3双目立体视觉原理 (15)2.2微光成像理论 (19)2.2.1微光成像概念 (5)2.2.2微光成像探测器 (19)2.2.3微光成像技术的发展与应用 (20)第3章基于区域信息的微光图像匹配算法研究 (22)3.1传统半全局图像匹配算法 (22)3.1.1匹配代价计算 (22)3.1.2代价聚合之动态规划 (24)3.2改进的图像匹配算法 (26)3.2.1获取区域信息 (27)3.2.2匹配代价模块 (29)3.2.3代价聚合模块 (34)3.3视差计算及视差优化 (35)3.4传统改进算法实验结果分析 (37)3.4.1Middlebury数据集 (37)3.4.2仿真数据 (38)3.4.3对比分析 (40)微光双目系统低照度环境三维测量方法研究3.4.4微光数据的实验结果 (43)3.4.5讨论 (44)第4章基于深度神经网络的图像匹配算法研究 (47)4.1深度神经网络的基础知识 (47)4.2基于深度神经网络的立体匹配方法 (50)4.2.1卷积神经网络 (51)4.2.2空间金字塔池化模块 (52)4.2.33D CNN (54)4.3针对微光数据的改进模型 (56)4.4深度神经网络算法实验结果分析 (59)4.4.1KITTI公开数据集 (59)4.4.2微光数据的实验结果 (60)4.4.3传统改进算法与该改进模型的对比分析 (62)第5章总结与展望 (64)5.1总结 (64)5.2展望 (64)参考文献 (67)致谢 (73)作者简介及在学期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 (75)第1章引言第1章引言1.1研究背景及意义随着经济水平与科学技术的飞速提升,智能产品的出现给人们生产及生活带来很大的变化。
arcgi操作技巧
二、Modifu tasks 修改任务1、Reshape Feature 整形要素(如图2)对多边形进行外部削除(先选中要操作的要素)。
2、Cut Poly Featrue 切割多边形要素即对多边形要素进行内部分割,①用箭头工作选中多边形;②铅笔工具为可用,选择之;③在多边形内部进行分割。
注意:分割操作只在选中多边形的蓝色框区域内有效,其它部分无效。
(如图3)3、Mirror Features 镜像要素(这也不用说了吧,看到图4就明白了)4、Extend/Trim Features 延伸/修剪要素主要对线要素进行操作延伸:①用箭头工作选中线;②铅笔工具为可用,选择之;③在线外确定延长所至位置(如图5)。
修剪:①用箭头工作选中线;②铅笔工具为可用,选择之;③在线内侧拉出一条剪切线。
注:如果按从左至右的顺序拉动剪切线,则保留原线的上部分;如果按从右至左的顺序拉动剪切线,则保留原线的下部分。
(如图6)5、Modify Feature 修改要素。
注:如用铅笔工具时,则是从要素最后一个锚点开始继续画线或修改多边形形状(如图7)。
三、Topology Tasks 拓扑任务3、Aruto-complete polygon 自动完成多边形(我的理解是:外接多边形)创建一个和已有多边形共享边界的新多边形时就可以用这个工具。
不过要先选中已有的多边形。
如图8,操作一下大家就会明白的。
四、Other tasks 其它任务1、Select Feature using a line 用线选择要素(如图8)2、Select Feature using a Area 用面选择要素与前一个差不多,不必多说3、Create 2-piont Line Feature 建立两点线要素绘制多条不连续的2点直线,不必多说。
Arcmap技巧总结10. 画岛图1).使用任务栏中的sketch工具,当画完外面的一圈时,右键选择finish part 然后画中间的部分再右键finish sketch2).分别画连个图斑然后应用Editor 工具栏中的工具先intersect(图斑重叠的地方创建一个新的图斑)然后Clip(剪切)即可。
C4D的GI(全局光照)
C4D的GI(全局光照)图片:GI即为Global Illumination (全局照明)许多年来,3D艺术家们已经习惯了这种渲染方式并且找到了很多种方法来增强他们的渲染。
他们使用复数光源来满足光线反弹的需要,通过这种方法,减弱了直接光照的局限性。
但是当艺术家想创建出高度真实的图像时,这种方法并不是一个理想的解决方案。
因此引入了其他新的渲染方式,GI即为其中很好的一种Global Illumination(全局光照)创建了场景中物体表面间的光线反弹过程。
这种反弹使通常直接光不能到达的区域产生了光照,因此称之为Indirect Light(间接光照)。
其结果就是,原来被渲染成纯黑色的区域产生了一定的照明。
Illumination(全局光照)引擎用于计算场景中分布的间接光照。
当所有的直接光照和一些直接光照特效如:焦散,容积光等被计算完后,全局照明才开始进行处理。
此时每一个渲染像素都对漫反射光值进行分析。
当Global Illumination(全局光照)发现某个像素需要额外信息时,就将光的漫反射值增加到这个像素上。
如图,这张用同一场景渲染的图片,在表现上没有太多的区别。
右边的图片展示了用Global Illumination(全局光照)渲染出最终图像的生动效果。
两个图像使用了同样的相机和光照设置,但是使用了不同的渲染方式。
在Global Illumination(全局光照)渲染的图像中您能看到光线是怎样在墙壁之间反弹的,以及走廊尽头拱门处的照明情况。
靠近门的地方更加的明亮,而随着深度的增加光线则逐渐的减弱。
使用HDRIs意味着结合光能传递(radiosity)技术可获得非常真实自然的光照条件。
HDRIs所产生的反射效果也是非常真实的,它们在物体表面所产生的反射效果要明显好于普通纹理所生的反射效果。
简单的说,HDRIs拥有比普通RGB格式图像(仅8bit的亮度范围)更大的亮度范围。
标准的RGB图像最大亮度是值是255/255/255,如果用这样的图像结合光能传递照明一个场景的话,即使是最亮的白色也不足以提供足够的照明来模拟真实世界中的情况,渲染结果看上去会平淡而缺乏对比,原因是这种图像文件将现实中的大范围的照明信息仅用一个8bit的RGB图像描述。
东元tsta说明书
■警告及注意事項:警告y不可在送電中,實施配線工作。
y輸入電源切離後,伺服驅動器之狀態顯示CHARGE LED未熄滅前,請勿觸摸電路或更換零件。
y伺服驅動器的輸出端U、V、W,絕不可接到AC電源。
! 注意y當伺服驅動器安裝於控制盤內,若周溫過高時,請加裝散熱風扇。
y不可對伺服驅動器作耐壓測試。
y機械開始運轉前,確認是否可以隨時啟動緊急開關停機。
y機械開始運轉前,須配合機械來改變使用者參數設定值。
未調整到相符的正確設定值,可能會導致機械失去控制或發生故障。
y機械開始運轉前,務必確認參數Cn030:系列化機種設定,需選取正確的驅動器和馬達匹配組合!■安全注意事項:在安裝、運轉、保養、點檢前,請詳閱本說明書。
另外,唯有具備專業資格的人員才可進行裝配線工作。
說明書中安全注意事項區分為「警告」與「注意」兩項。
:表示可能的危險情況,如忽略會造成人員死亡或重大損傷。
警告! 注意:表示可能的危險情況,如未排除會造成人員較小或輕微的損傷及機器設備的損壞。
所以應詳閱本技術手冊再使用此伺服驅動器。
i首先,感謝您採用東元精電伺服驅動器TST A系列(以下簡稱TST A)和伺服馬達。
TST A可由數位面板操作器或透過P C人機程式來操作,提供多樣化的機能,使產品更能符合客戶各種不同的應用需求。
在使用TST A前,請先閱讀本技術手冊,本說明書主要內容包括:y y y y y 伺服系統的檢查、安裝及配線步驟。
數位面板操作器的操作步驟、狀態顯示、異常警報及處理對策說明。
伺服系統控制機能、試運轉及調整步驟。
伺服驅動器所有參數一覽說明。
標準機種的額定規格。
為了方便作日常的檢查、維護及瞭解異常發生之原因及處理對策,請妥善保管本說明書在安全的地點,以便隨時參閱。
註:請將此說明書交給最終之使用者,以使伺服驅動器發揮最大效用。
ii目錄第一章產品檢查及安裝1-1產品檢查............................................................................................................................1-1 1-1-1伺服驅動器機種確認.................................................................................................1-1 1-1-2伺服馬達機種確認.....................................................................................................1-2 1-1-3伺服驅動器與伺服馬達搭配對照表.........................................................................1-3 1-2伺服驅動器外觀及面板說明............................................................................................1-7 1-3伺服驅動器操作模式簡介................................................................................................1-8 1-4伺服驅動器安裝環境條件與方法....................................................................................1-9 1-4-1安裝環境條件.............................................................................................................1-9 1-4-2安裝方向及間隔.......................................................................................................1-10 1-5伺服馬達安裝環境條件與方法......................................................................................1-11 1-5-1安裝環境條件...........................................................................................................1-11 1-5-2安裝方式...................................................................................................................1-11 1-5-3其他注意事項...........................................................................................................1-12第二章配線準備2-1系統組成及配線................................................................................................................2-1 2-1-1伺服驅動器電源及週邊裝置配線圖.........................................................................2-1 2-1-2伺服驅動器配線說明.................................................................................................2-2 2-1-3電線規格.....................................................................................................................2-3 2-1-4馬達端出線.................................................................................................................2-4 2-1-5馬達及電源標準接線圖.............................................................................................2-6 2-1-6 TB端子說明..............................................................................................................2-7 2-1-7馬達附機械式剎車(BR A K E)接線說明....................................................................2-7 2-2I/O信號端子說明...............................................................................................................2-8 2-2-1 CN1控制信號端子說明............................................................................................2-9iii2-2-2 CN2編碼器信號端子說明......................................................................................2-21 2-3控制信號標準接線圖......................................................................................................2-23 2-3-1位置控制(Pe Mode)接線圖(L ine Dr ive r)................................................................2-23 2-3-2位置控制(Pe Mode)接線圖(Open Col l ec to r)..........................................................2-24 2-3-3位置控制(P i Mode)接線圖......................................................................................2-25 2-3-4速度控制(S Mode)接線圖.......................................................................................2-26 2-3-5轉矩控制(T Mode)接線圖.......................................................................................2-27第三章面板操作說明3-1驅動器面板操作說明........................................................................................................3-1 3-2面板顯示訊息說明............................................................................................................3-8 3-2-1狀態顯示功能說明.....................................................................................................3-8 3-2-2診斷功能說明.............................................................................................................3-9第四章試運轉操作說明4-1無負載伺服馬達試運轉....................................................................................................4-2 4-2無負載伺服馬達搭配上位控制器試運轉........................................................................4-5 4-3連接負載伺服馬達搭配上位控制器試運轉.....................................................................4-8第五章控制機能5-1控制模式選擇....................................................................................................................5-1 5-2轉矩模式............................................................................................................................5-2 5-2-1類比轉矩命令比例器.................................................................................................5-2 5-2-2類比轉矩命令偏移調整.............................................................................................5-3 5-2-3轉矩命令直線加減速.................................................................................................5-4 5-2-4轉矩輸出方向定義.....................................................................................................5-5 5-2-5內部轉矩限制設定.....................................................................................................5-6 5-2-6轉矩模式的速度限制.................................................................................................5-6 5-2-7其他轉矩控制機能.....................................................................................................5-8iv5-3速度模式............................................................................................................................5-9 5-3-1選擇速度命令...........................................................................................................5-10 5-3-2類比速度命令比例器...............................................................................................5-11 5-3-3類比速度命令偏移調整...........................................................................................5-11 5-3-4類比速度命令限制...................................................................................................5-12 5-3-5編碼器信號分周輸出...............................................................................................5-12 5-3-6速度命令平滑化.......................................................................................................5-14 5-3-7速度旋轉方向定義...................................................................................................5-17 5-3-8速度迴路增益...........................................................................................................5-18 5-3-9共振抑制濾波器(Notch F i l t e r).................................................................................5-19 5-3-10速度模式的轉矩限制............................................................................................5-21 5-3-11增益切換機能........................................................................................................5-22 5-3-12其他速度控制機能................................................................................................5-29 5-4位置模式..........................................................................................................................5-32 5-4-1外部脈波命令模式...................................................................................................5-33 5-4-2內部位置命令模式...................................................................................................5-35 5-4-3電子齒輪比...............................................................................................................5-40 5-4-4位置命令一次平滑加減速.......................................................................................5-45 5-4-5位置命令方向定義...................................................................................................5-46 5-4-6位置迴路增益調整...................................................................................................5-46 5-4-7脈波誤差量清除.......................................................................................................5-47 5-4-8原點復歸...................................................................................................................5-48 5-4-9其他位置控制機能...................................................................................................5-56 5-5伺服增益調整..................................................................................................................5-57 5-5-1自動增益調整...........................................................................................................5-61 5-5-2手動增益調整...........................................................................................................5-64 5-5-3改善響應特性...........................................................................................................5-65 5-6其他機能..........................................................................................................................5-66 5-6-1輸入/輸出接點機能規劃.........................................................................................5-66v5-6-2控制模式切換...........................................................................................................5-69 5-6-3接點輔助機能...........................................................................................................5-69 5-6-4剎車模式...................................................................................................................5-70 5-6-5機械剎車時序...........................................................................................................5-70 5-6-6 C W/C C W驅動禁止方式.........................................................................................5-72 5-6-7外部回生電阻的選用...............................................................................................5-72 5-6-8風扇運轉設定...........................................................................................................5-77 5-6-9類比監視...................................................................................................................5-77 5-6-10參數重置................................................................................................................5-78第六章參數機能6-1參數群組說明...................................................................................................................6-1 6-2參數機能表.......................................................................................................................6-2第七章通訊機能7-1通訊機能(RS-232 & RS-485).......................................................................................7-1 7-1-1通訊接線.....................................................................................................................7-1 7-1-2 RS-232通訊協定及格式...........................................................................................7-2 7-1-3 RS-485通訊協定及格式...........................................................................................7-5 7-2各參數相對應之通訊位址..............................................................................................7-16第八章異常警報排除8-1異常警報說明.....................................................................................................................8-1 8-2異常排除對策.....................................................................................................................8-3vi第一章產品檢查及安裝1-1 產品檢查本伺服產品在出廠前均做過完整之功能測試,為防止產品運送過程中之疏忽導致產品不正常,拆封後請詳細檢查下列事項:y 檢查伺服驅動器與伺服馬達型號是否與訂購的機型相同。
魔法门之英雄无敌5地图编辑器理论手册
魔法门之英雄无敌5编辑器手册2006 Nival Interactive这个文档的内容包含一个地图编辑器的手册和参考文献。
手册的3个主要内容第一部分:“ HoMM5 编辑器的基本原理”第二部分:“编辑器实践手册”第三部分::“随机地图生成教学”第四部分:附录,包含一些参考资料。
警告你正在阅读的手册并没有百分之百阐述了英雄无敌5地图编辑器的功能。
这是因为编辑器是 Nival Interactive 的一个内部工具,原本是为英雄无敌5整个一系列产品所设计的。
尽管如此,这本手册已经完全说明了创建地图所需要的所有工具和命令。
如果你不仅仅只是想做英雄无敌5的地图和战役,并想测试一下自己在修改版本方面的制作能力,欢迎访问游戏的官方网站和论坛。
The list of all web sites and forums of Heroes of Might and Magic 5 and additional contactinformation is in the end of this manual and the manual to the game itself.英雄无敌5的网站和论坛的地址已经额外的相关内容都在手册末尾和手册的游戏部分。
版权和法律申明英雄无敌5地图编辑器。
2005 Nival Interactive。
版权所有。
魔法门英雄无敌,英雄无敌5:命运之锤是 Ubisoft Entertainment 在美国和/或其他国家注册商标。
文中提到的商标 Microsoft, Windows, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Excel, Excel 97, Excel 2000, Excel 2002, UDA, OLE DB, and ODBC 都是 Microsoft Corporation 在美国和/或者其他国家的注册商标。
Adobe / Adobe Photoshop 和Adobe 图标都是 Adobe System Incorporated商标。
supermap iobjects java处理正射影像的例子
supermap iobjects java处理正射影像的例子SuperMap iObjects是一款强大的地理信息系统(GIS)开发平台,提供了丰富的功能和工具,用于处理和管理地理数据。
其中,使用Java语言进行正射影像处理是其重要的应用之一。
本文将一步一步详细介绍如何使用SuperMap iObjects Java处理正射影像。
第一步:环境准备在开始处理正射影像之前,我们首先需要准备好开发环境。
首先,确保已经安装了Java Development Kit(JDK),以及SuperMap iObjects Java开发包。
其次,需要一张正射影像数据作为处理的对象。
可以从SuperMap官网、云服务或其他GIS数据提供商处获取合适的数据。
第二步:导入SuperMap iObjects库使用Java进行正射影像处理,我们需要将SuperMap iObjects库导入到项目中。
在Java开发环境中,选择项目并右击,然后选择“Properties”->“Java Build Path”。
在“Libraries”选项卡中,点击“Add External JARs”按钮,选择SuperMap iObjects Java库所在的路径,并将其导入项目。
第三步:加载正射影像数据在Java中使用SuperMap iObjects处理正射影像时,首先需要加载正射影像数据。
下面的代码片段演示了如何加载一幅正射影像数据:javaimport com.supermap.data.*;public class OrthophotoProcessing {public static void main(String[] args){初始化SuperMap iObjects引擎Environment.initialization();打开工作空间Workspace workspace = new Workspace();workspace.open("D:\\data\\workspace.smwu");打开数据源Datasource datasource =workspace.getDatasources().open("D:\\data\\datasource.udb");获取影像数据集Dataset dataset =datasource.getDatasets().get("orthophoto");加载影像数据集Layer layer = workspace.getLayers().add(dataset, true);}}在上述代码中,首先需要初始化SuperMap iObjects引擎。
cuthill-mckee方法的c语言实现 -回复
cuthill-mckee方法的c语言实现-回复如何使用Cuthill-McKee方法实现图形的重新编号与图形矩阵的优化。
Cuthill-McKee方法是一种用于图形重新编号与矩阵优化的算法。
它可以用于解决很多问题,比如矩阵的快速乘法、稀疏矩阵求解等。
本文将详细介绍Cuthill-McKee方法的原理,并给出C语言实现的具体步骤。
一、Cuthill-McKee方法原理简介Cuthill-McKee方法是一种使用图形理论来优化矩阵布局的算法。
它的主要思想是通过重新编号节点,使得相邻节点的编号具有较小差异性。
这样做的好处是可以减少矩阵的波前误差,从而提高计算效率。
具体来说,Cuthill-McKee方法首先将图形表示为一个邻接矩阵,其中每个节点代表一个图形的元素,若两个节点之间存在边,则对应的矩阵元素为1,否则为0。
然后,从任意节点开始,使用BFS(广度优先搜索)遍历图形,得到一个节点的编号序列。
接下来,根据BFS遍历得到的序列,计算每个节点的带宽。
带宽是指一个节点的编号与其所有邻居节点的编号之间的最大差值。
然后,根据带宽大小对图形进行排序,从而得到一个新的节点顺序。
在新的节点顺序下,重新构建矩阵,并进行优化。
这一步骤中,通过交换矩阵元素的位置,使得矩阵的非零元素尽量分布在对角线附近,从而减少计算中的非零元素数量。
最后,将优化后的矩阵用于后续计算,如稀疏矩阵求解等。
二、Cuthill-McKee方法的C语言实现步骤下面将详细介绍Cuthill-McKee方法的C语言实现步骤。
假设我们已经有了一个表示图形的二维邻接矩阵:cint graph[N][N];其中N表示图形的大小。
接下来按照以下步骤进行实现。
步骤1:定义需要使用到的数据结构首先,我们需要定义一个队列用于实现BFS遍历。
由于C语言没有内置的队列数据结构,我们可以使用数组模拟队列。
同时,我们还需要定义一个用于保存节点带宽的数组,以及一个标记数组用于记录节点是否已经被遍历过。
卡马克算法(地图重复利用,跑酷类游戏)
卡马克算法(地图重复利⽤,跑酷类游戏)----------------------------下⾯是理论知识--------------------------卡马克算法:由约翰·卡马克(John Carmack)开发的⼀种游戏地图处理⽅法,被⼴泛运⽤到2D卷轴式游戏和⼿机游戏中。
约翰·卡马克:id Software创始⼈之⼀,技术总监。
享誉世界的著名程序员,以卡马克算法和3D游戏引擎开发⽽闻名世界,被奉为游戏⾏业偶像。
同时他也是个全⾯型的技术天才,现在致⼒于民⽤航天器开发,是民⽤航天器开发⼩组Armadillo Aerospace的主要创办⼈和技术⾻⼲。
约翰·卡马克(百度百科):约翰·卡马克(维基百科):地图是游戏中必不可少的⼀种预算元素,尤其是在RPG、ACT等类型的游戏中作⽤更为重要,⼀个漂亮的地图效果和⼀个流畅的卷动速度会⼤⼤增加玩家的游戏体验。
⽽游戏中地图滚动的重绘有多种算法,由于⼿机性能的限制和开发周期等其他⾮技术条件,需要根据情况灵活选择所需的技术。
本⽂将主要介绍如何使⽤OPhone API来绘制2D游戏中的场景,也即地图的绘制⽅法。
地图绘制及滚动的常⽤算法⽆缝图⽚滚动画法最简单的⼀种画地图⽅法,⽆需使⽤数组,只需要使⽤⼀张⽆缝的背景图⽚,在屏幕上绘制两次,以此来实现最简单的地图滚动效果和图⽚的重复使⽤以节约资源。
如下图,红⾊虚线部分为屏幕,使⽤⼀个偏移量在屏幕中错开位置贴上两次图⽚,通过不断改变偏移量的⼤⼩来实现动画效果。
代码举例://imgBack图⽚对象//posX图⽚在X轴⽅向上的偏移量canvas.drawBitmap(imgBack, -posX, 0, paint);canvas.drawBitmap(imgBack, imgBack.getHeight()+posX, 0, paint);if(posX==-imgBack.getHeight())posX=0; //imgBack图⽚对象 //posX图⽚在X轴⽅向上的偏移量 canvas.drawBitmap(imgBack, -posX, 0, paint); canvas.drawBitmap(imgBack, imgBack.getHeight()+posX, 0, paint); if(posX==-imgBack.getHeight()) posX=0;优点与局限:此算法⾮常简单,由于是单张图⽚反复滚动⽣成的背景图⽚,所以对于美术⼈员的限制较少,利于发挥,⽽且外观效果好。
H3C GVRP命令
<Sysname> display garp timer interface ethernet 1/0 GARP timers on port Ethernet1/0
Garp Join Time Garp Leave Time Garp LeaveAll Time Garp Hold Time
Number of GVRP Frames Received
:0
Number of GVRP Frames Transmitted
:0
Number of Frames Discarded
:0
表1-1 display garp statistics 命令显示信息描述表
字段
描述
Number of GVRP Frames Received Number of GVRP Frames Transmitted Number of Frames Discarded
【描述】 display garp statistics 命令用来显示 GARP 的统计信息。 需要注意的是: z 如果没有指定参数 interface interface-list,则显示设备上所有端口的 GARP 统计信息; z 如果指定参数 interface interface-list,则显示指定端口的 GARP 统计信息。
表13各个定时器的取值范围之间的关系定时器取值下限取值上限hold定时器10上限小于等于12join定时器的值可以通过改变join定时器的取值改变join定时器下限大于等于2倍hold定时器的值可以通过改变hold定时器的取值实现上限小于12leave定时器的取值可以通过改变leave定时器的取值改变leave定时下限大于2倍join定时器的值可以通过改变join定时器的取值改变上限小于leaveall定时器的值可以通过改变leaveall定时器的取值改变leaveall下限大于所有端口leave定时器的取值可以通过改变leave时器的取值改变32765相关配置可参考命令displaygarptimer
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前两天翻了一个老外利用dirtmap代替finalgather来完成gi的教程
/post/view?bid=1&id=2970742&sty=1&tpg=1&age=30 这个教程的方法是一开始使用光子贴图来完成大体的gi分布
然后把最费时间的finalgather用dirtmap的效果来替代
然后在合成软件里合成
昨天晚上玩游戏时又想了一下
干脆不用gi只用dirtmap来替代gi快速制作效果图
今天早上被蚊子咬醒
干脆起来实践一下
先来张图看看
首先声明一下
这不是真正的gi而只是个看起来像是gi的效果
如果深究的话它是经不起推敲的
但如果作为赶图对付客户的话
效果也还可以
首先说一下思路
最重要的就是利用dirtmap生成类似于gi的效果
不过dirtmap生成的都是单色图(如果不设置贴图的话)
那么我们还需要一个diffuse pass来将纹理合成进来
最后还需要的就是主要的灯光
不然整个图就缺少灯光的趋向了
当然反射也是个很大的问题
我现在还没想出好的解决方法
目前图中的反射是错误的
只是不那么明显罢了
希望大家也帮忙想想
下面来讲解步骤
首先你需要有max6、dirtmap这个shader(我翻译的那个帖子里有下载)另外需要一个场景
你可以自己建或者用这个
这是从另外一个帖子里下的
感谢作者
贴图大概齐赋吧
为了反射模糊我的地板给的是mr的dgs
为了速度你也可以选择不用
现在你的场景应该都赋好贴图了
ok
我们首先来用dirtmap生成一个模拟的gi效果
新建一个mentalray材质
取名为dirt
给surface项一个dirtmap
照图中设置(如果你没用这个场景,那么farclip值需要自己斟酌一下)
打开渲染面板
进入pocessing栏
在如图的地方打勾
并且把dirt材质关联复制到后面的空白栏
现在把场景中的玻璃隐藏
设定好抗锯齿采样和过滤模式以及分辨率渲染
得到如图效果
存为dirt.tif
以上是整个图的基础
大家可能已经注意到我一直没有提灯光
实际上dirtmap是不需要灯光的
基本的原理我那个帖子里有
它的效果取决于ray spread、far clip之类的参数
现在我们给场景打光
首先是阳光
位置如图
参数自己看着办吧
然后是天光
我用了3个mr area spot来模拟亮度是0.4
偏蓝色
范围0至15000
位置如图
现在我们需要一个diiffuse pass
进入render element加入一个diffuse 如图设置
注意红框位置
渲染
得到如图效果存为diffuse.tif
接着渲染一个反射
这是最有问题的一个地方
因为反射贴图没法带有dirtmap模拟的gi效果
好在一般的效果图反射看着大概过得去就好了
如果你想做的逼真点那么粗略地给场景布下光最好这里就从简了
把玻璃解除隐藏
我的玻璃没有给反射
所以看着没什么区别
在环境里随便添加一个hdr作为环境贴图
在render element里加入一个reflection
渲染
效果如图
存为ref.tif
最后渲染一个只有直接光照的场景
你可以选择把材质的反射关掉
不过我发现就这个场景来说加入反射会好些没什么说的
渲染得到如图效果
存为light.tif
现在我们有了4张图
接下来就要将它们合成
打开photoshop加载这4张图片新建一个画布
把这4张图依次copy如新画布
次序如下(实际上次序并不重要)
把diffuse层的blend模式设为multiply light和ref层设为screen
得到如图效果
接下来就调整明度、饱和度、对比度什么的总之就是后期了
效果如图
总结一下哈
dirt.tif 7分06秒
diffuse.tif 22秒
light.tif 8分22秒
ref.tif 2分58秒
加上后期什么的整个制作时间也不超过半小时
而且非常好调整
算是比较快的了
如果想得到细腻的效果
可以为场景中的物体分别设置参数不同的dirtmap 另外还可以多打些辅助光来增强场景效果dirtmap这个东西我个人觉得应用的潜力很大
实际上制作脏污效果也是相当不错的
只可惜不能与光子贴图一块使用
希望以后能改进
现在很希望finalshader的sp1快点出来
如果我估计没错那个dirt shader也是和dirtmap同样技术的话那么fr的gi一样也可以用类似的方法模拟
这个方法现在的问题就在于折射反射
如何能把dirtmap得到的明暗效果也带入折射反射中是个难题我还没想出办法
大家一起探讨吧。