2020考研英语 第二次讲义
2020年考研英语(二)真题 试题详细解析
2020年全国硕上研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析SectionI Use of EnglishI【答案】[C] tricky【解析】首段首句给出文章话题中心”成为一名好父亲或母亲是每一位父亲或母亲想要做的事情”，但第二句话话锋一转”但是定义什么是好父母无疑很，因为孩子们会对同类型的抚养模式做用不同的回应，“因此可排除p leasant、instructive这两个纯褒义词，tedious"冗长的“感情色彩过于消极，也排除，t ric k"y 复杂的符合语义逻辑要求，故为正确答案！2【答案】[C] for example【解析】上文表明，“孩子们会对抚养模式有不同的回应”，空格处所在句指出，“冷静，遵守规则的孩子，与更年少的孩子相比，对于不同的抚养模式，会做出更好的同应”，这两句话符合抽象具体”的逻辑关系，故for example为正确答案。
3【答案】[A]Fortunately【解析】第一段表明“定义合格的父母很复杂”，第二段首句指出“另外一种类型的父母很容易“第一段关键词"tricky"与本句中"easier"这两个词形成隐性的转折关系，"fo rtunately"符合逻辑关系的要求，故选为正确答案。
4【答案】[D] describe【解析】空格处所需动词与"parent"形成语义上的动宾关系，而第一段表明“定义合格的父母很复杂＂，第二段首句指出幸运地是，另外一种类型的父母很容易”，这两句话之间话题一致，逻辑关系相反，因此可推测该空格处所填入的动词应该与"define"语义相近，故"describe"描述为正确答案。
5【答案】[D]while【解析】该题考查句间逻辑关系，空格所在句表明“每位父母想变得有耐心”，下一句指山”这不是容易的＂，这两句话存在“一肯－否＂的特征，形成对立关系，因此空格处应该填入表示“让步”概念的词故while为正确答案。
2020年全国研究生入学统一考试真题及答案解析(英语二)
2020年全国研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single mo ment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
2020年考研英语二解析：翻译
2020年考研英语二解析：翻译2020届全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲于2020年9月18日与各位考生见面。
其中，翻译部分与2020届全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲相比，无明显变化。
下面就大纲中对翻译部分的考查要求与规定实行详细解析，以便考生在复习翻译时方向更加明确，目标更加清晰，内容更有针对性。
希望对考生的复习有所协助。
一、大纲内容：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的水平。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共15分。
二、考查标准解析：1．准确--忠实于原文。
对原文的准确理解是一篇优质译文的前提。
要求译文内容不能与原文所表达的内容有出入或相违背，否则一定会影响译文得分。
评分标准中要求，如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
2．通顺--译文符合汉语表达习惯。
在准确理解原文的前提下，把所理解的译文按照中文的表达习惯，表达出来。
译成汉语后，译文一定要读得懂，读得通。
3．完整--无漏译。
要求考生对原文的内容完整地实行翻译，不得有遗漏。
如有遗漏，评卷老师会酌情减分。
注：若不完整，译出的部分可给分。
三、考查内容：1、专有名词、词组和多义词的翻译；专有名词、词组和多义词是翻译中对词考查的重要内容。
翻译时，高频专有名词，按照约定俗成的方法翻译；非的专有名词，采取音译或音译+括号英文的方法翻译；不熟悉的专有名词，直接照抄英文即可。
词组的翻译需要考生注意平时的积累，理解和熟记。
多义词词义的选择可根据语境联系上下文猜测词义；根据词根词缀选择猜测生词的词义；根据汉语的习惯搭配来翻译。
2、翻译策略使用：词义选择+语序调整；考研翻译中重点考查学生在不同语境中对词义的理解，以及语义组合和语言表达的准确性和通顺性。
所以，在翻译时，学生要注意不同语境中词义的选择，表达的译文要符合汉语的表达习惯和中国人的逻辑思维习惯。
2020年考研英语二真题解析
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案【完型填空答案解析】今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。
下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。
文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。
空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。
tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。
2.【答案】B for example【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。
所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。
3.【答案】A Fortunately【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。
空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。
故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。
4.【答案】C describe【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。
5.【答案】A while【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。
逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while表转折，选A符合句意。
6.【答案】B task【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。
2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析
2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语二答案详细解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the foll owing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But d efining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same styl e of parenting. A calm, rul e-foll owing chil d might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You l ose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and d oes nobody any good. You wish that you coul d __11__ the cl ock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your chil d that you may __13__ for a l ong time. This may not only d o damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your chil d’s self-esteem.If you consistently l ose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tol erance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your chil dren. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for exampl e C at once D by accid ent3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C d escribe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D refl ect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hid e B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can id entify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial - for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat foll owed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged d oors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bond ed more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal expl oring and playing. This coul d lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal d esign. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fell ow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wil es.21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostil e one[C] attain sociabl e traits through special training[D] send out warning messages to their fell ow22. What did the social robot d o during the experiment?[A] It foll owed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around al one.23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________[A] tried to practice a means of escape[B] expected it to do the same in return[C] wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats________[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B] differentiate smells better than sizes[C] respond more to cations than to l ooks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats________[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B] are more socially active than other animalsC] behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for und erstanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being abl e to “run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their pred ecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to d o all the day-to-day work they have always d one.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insid er picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices buil d up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the foll owing has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A] The growth in the number of corporations[B] The general pay rise with a better economy[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms[D] Close cooperation among leading economies27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to______[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B] finance more research and d evelopment[C] establish cl oser ties with tech companies[D] operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s d espite______[A] continual internal opposition[B] strict corporate governance[C] conservative business strategies[D] Repeated government warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______[A] confirm the status of CEOs[B] motivate inside candidates[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs[D] increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text woul d be______[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present[C] CEOs' challenges of Today[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's d ecision to stop levying fines, ord ering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must empl oy when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-l ow emission zone (Ul ez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral el ection. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones d o deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, l ess cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councill ors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments-Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to d o so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centers, school streets", even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special l ow speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31. Which of the foll owing is true about Madrid's cl ean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C] It needs tougher enforcement[D] Its fate is yet to be decid ed32. Which is consid ered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.D] They put too much burd en on individual motorists.33. The author believes that the extension of Lond on's Ulez will .[A] arouse strong resistance.[B] ensure Khan's electoral success.[C] improve the city s traffic.[D] discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the probl em?[A] Local residents[B]Mayors.[C] Council ors.[D] National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A] will raise l ow-emission car production[B]shoul d be forced to foll ow regulations[C] will upgrad e the d esign of their vehicles[D] shoul d be put und er public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating coll ege this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And empl oyers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Empl oyers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck l ooks like. They were impressionabl e kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents l ost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future empl oyer was the ability to offer secure empl oyment (foll owed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), foll owed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counsel ors advice is38. The word “assuage"(line 9, para 2)is cl oset in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] d eepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care littl e about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear id ea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generousPart BDirections:Read the foll owing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitabl e subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, d on' t hide, information.[F] Sl ow d own and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possibl e to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 peopl e, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whol e office on your sid e41.____If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid l ost trustworthiness. The l esson is not that you shoul d make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42._____Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43._____It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you shoul d expand your horizons and find out about all the peopl e around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with coll eagues you d on't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in ad dition to being a nice break in the work day.44._____Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you d on't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engend er good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.______This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your styl e accordingly to type. Consid er the person that you re d ealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the foll owing text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can helpyou discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international stud ents. Write an email to1) tell them about the site, and2) give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not use your own name, use“Li Ming”instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you shoul d1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Directions：2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）详细解答Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
2020年考研英语二真题答案及解析
Directions ：Read the following text.Choose the best word (s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。
下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。
文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。
空格句开头为but ，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since 后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。
tricky 意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。
2.【答案】B for example【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。
所以用表示举例分析的for example 最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。
3.【答案】A Fortunately【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。
空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。
故选Fortunately ，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。
4.【答案】C describe【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe 与define 相呼应，故选C 符合句意。
2020年老蒋英语二讲义
2020年老蒋英语二讲义One of the key aspects of the 2020 Lao Jiang English Lecture Notes is its comprehensive approach to language learning. The notes provide detailed explanations of grammar rules, accompanied by numerous examples and exercises to reinforce learning. This approach helps students understand the nuances of the English language and apply their knowledge in practical contexts. Additionally, the lecture notes include vocabulary lists and exercises to expand students' word banks and improve their ability to express themselves effectively.In addition to grammar and vocabulary, the lecture notes also focus on listening and speaking skills. The materials include audio resources that allow students to practice their listening comprehension and pronunciation. By engaging with authentic spoken English, students can improve their ability to understand different accents and intonation patterns. Moreover, the lecture notes provide speaking exercises that encourage students to practiceexpressing their ideas and opinions in English, thereby enhancing their communication skills.Furthermore, the 2020 Lao Jiang English Lecture Notes emphasize the importance of reading comprehension. The materials feature a variety of reading passages, including articles, essays, and stories, which are accompanied by comprehension questions and activities. Through these exercises, students can enhance their reading skills, such as skimming, scanning, and inferring meaning from context. Additionally, the reading materials expose students to different writing styles and genres, broadening their understanding of the English language.Another valuable aspect of the 2020 Lao Jiang English Lecture Notes is their practical relevance. The materials incorporate real-life scenarios and topics that are of interest to Chinese learners, making the learning experience more engaging and meaningful. By addressing relevant themes, such as travel, technology, and culture, the lecture notes help students connect language learning to their daily lives and interests, motivating them tocontinue improving their English proficiency.Moreover, the 2020 Lao Jiang English Lecture Notes are designed to be user-friendly and accessible. The materials are organized in a clear and logical manner, making it easy for students to navigate through the content. Additionally, the lecture notes include answer keys and explanations for the exercises, allowing students to check their own work and learn from their mistakes. This self-study aspect empowers students to take ownership of their learning and progress at their own pace.In conclusion, the 2020 Lao Jiang English Lecture Notes play a crucial role in supporting English language learning in China. The comprehensive approach, practical relevance, and user-friendly design of the materials make them a valuable resource for students seeking to improve their English proficiency. By addressing various language skills and incorporating real-life contexts, the lecture notes contribute to a well-rounded and engaging learning experience for Chinese learners. As English continues to be an essential skill in today's globalized world, resourceslike the 2020 Lao Jiang English Lecture Notes are instrumental in equipping students with the language abilities they need to succeed.。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析
9、第（9）题选 A 、 mysterious B 、 illogical C 、 suspicious D 、 inevitable
10、第（10）题选 A 、 boring B 、 naive C 、 harsh D 、 vague
5、第（5）题选 A 、 while B 、 because C 、 unless D 、 once
6、第（6）题选 A 、 answer B 、 task C 、 choice D 、 access
7、第（7）题选 A 、 tolerant B 、 formal C 、 rigid D 、 critical
20、第（20）题选
3/19
A 、 hide B 、 emerge C 、 withdraw D 、 escape
第2题 阅读理解Part A （每题2分，共20题，共40分） 下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一
项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
21、根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题 Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat--one social and one asocial--for four days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side. Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trial each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being, says Quinn. The rats may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, she says. "Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity--where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them, "says Quinn. The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. "We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary, " says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots,says Wiles. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. "We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, " says Wiles. {TS}Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_______. A 、 pick up social signals from non-living rats B 、 distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one C 、 attain sociable traits through special training D 、 send out warning messages to their fellow
2020 考研英语(二)写作重点分析
Firstly, it would be greatly appreciated if you could inform me about the specific
requirements for applicants, like oral communication skills both in English and Mandarin. In
2008～2018年我国研发人员和科研经费变化
2500
2000
1967.8
1500 1000
500 0
1184.6
461.6
356
183 2008年
2013年
419 2018年
研发人员（万）
科研经费（十亿 元）
【范文】 It is obvious that the chart clearly reflects the changes in China’s research field, which
1) briefly describe the activity, and 2) introduce the requirements for books. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your name or the name of your university. (10 points) 【审题】 类型 notice（通知）
and it is badly in need of volunteers 内容要点 ask for the relevant qualifications for applicants
署名 Li Ming 【范文】 Dear Sir or Madam,
2020年英语(二)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】D. tricky解析：考察形容词，but一词前文提到大家都想成为好父母，但是，所以本句要选贬义词，排除BC，根据语义，因为孩子对不同的养育方式反映不同，所以定义好的父母是很难的，很棘手的，D正确，A单调的B.愉悦的C.有指导意义的【2】B. for example解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上一句提到孩子们对同一种养育方式的反应是不同的，本句中指出一个冷静的、循规蹈矩的孩子可能会比弟弟妹妹对不同的教育方式有更好的反应，很明显是举例子，总分关系，for example最合适，D正确。
A. in addition此外，除了，递进关系，两句话之间不存在递进关系；C. at once. 马上，立刻，用来形容动词的速度之快，不符合原文；D. by accident，偶然意外，形容出乎意料，但是上文提到同样的信息，所以不是偶然意外。
【3】A.Fortunately解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上文提到很难定义好父母，本句提到有一种是很容易描述的，形成转折关系，所以选择A.Fortunately B.【4】C. describe解析：考察动词，逻辑主语为另外一种父母，根据上文，只有D描述另外一种父母更容易符合上下文，【5】A. while解析：考察逻辑关系词，后一句提到这不是容易的事情，本句说每一个父母都想有耐心，形成转折关系，所以while尽管更合适。
【6】B. task解析：考察名词，this指代上文的有耐心的养育，这是一种任务，而不是一种回答，选择或者入口。
【7】A. tolerant解析：考察形容词，本段一直讲有耐心的养育，所以本句提到因为太累了，太沮丧，没有办法对孩子做到...，空处应该是要选择和有耐心类似的词语，只有A.tolerant有包容性的更贴切原文。
【8】C. push解析：考察动词，后文提到你失去了耐心，要么对孩子大喊大叫，要么说一些对任何人都没有好处的话，所以相应孩子应该是对你做了一些不好的事情，C推的更远，逼的更紧要更符合原文。
2020年英语二text2
2020年英语二text2全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：20220211ZKG使用英文为全球范围内的外语考试，其综合性和广泛性受到广泛认可。
截至2020年，在中国，备受关注的英语考试中，CET-4和CET-6仍是最受重视的，主要是由于其广泛性和多年来的历史积累。
考虑到2020年的特殊情况，通过扩大在线考试的范围，中国学生有机会参加与往年相同的英语考试。
在2020年，考生可以在规定时间内进行在线考试，通过网络提交答案，并根据考试整体情况确认成绩。
这种全新的考试模式为考生提供了更多的灵活性和便利性，同时也加强了英语考试的严谨性和规范性。
在当前全球疫情的背景下，这种在线考试模式也弥补了传统考试的不足，更好地适应了考生在家在线学习的需求。
在2020年英语考试中，题型设置方面保持了惯例，包括听力、阅读、写作等环节。
与往年不同的是，由于在家考试的缘故，口语考试环节做出了调整，采用视频录制提交的方式进行口语考试。
这种新的考试形式在一定程度上解决了传统口语考试环境受限的问题，也使得考生更加专注和放松地进行口语考试。
在2020年英语考试中，随着科技的不断发展和推广，英语考试也在不断更新和改进。
通过在考试中增加一些与当下热点话题相关的内容，如人工智能、环境保护、全球化等，英语考试更贴近考生的实际生活和学习经历，更有利于考生的综合能力培养和提升。
通过引入一些创新的考试形式和内容，如任务型阅读题、多媒体听力等，英语考试也更加注重考生的实际语言运用能力和信息处理能力。
2020年英语考试在传统考试的基础上进行了一些改革和创新，加强了考生的综合能力培养和提升，更好地适应了当下社会的需求和发展。
通过在线考试模式和新题型的设置，英语考试不仅更加贴近考生的实际需求和学习经历，也更好地促进了英语教学方法和理念的更新和发展。
相信未来的英语考试将会继续走在时代的前沿，不断推陈出新，为更多的英语学习者提供更加丰富和全面的学习资源和机会。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger one.3 , there's another sort of parent that's easier to4 ; a parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still ,5 , every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy6 , sometimes, parents get exhausted and arc unable to maintain a7 style with their kids. I understand this.You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We've all been there.12 , even though it's common, it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life’s skills. Certainly, it's 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.l.[A] pleasant(B] tricky[C] tedious[D] instructive2. [A] at once[B] in addition[C] for example[D] by accident3. [A] Fortunately[B] Occasionally[C] Accordingly(D) Eventually4. [A] amuse[B] train[C] assist[D] describe5. (A] once(B] because[C] unless(D] while6. [A] choice[B] answer[C] task(D] access7. [A] formal[B] tolerant[C] rigid[D] critical8. [A] move[B] send[C] drag[D] push9.(A] inevitable[B] illogical[C] mysterious[D] suspicious10.[A] boring[B] harsh[C] naive[D] vague11.[A] turn back[B] take apart[C] set aside[D] cover up12.[A] Overall[B] Instead[C] otherwise[D] However13.[A] believe[B] regret(C] miss[D] like14. [A] justify[B] raise[C] affect[D] reflect15.[A]bond[B]time[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B] secret[C]context[D] importance17. [A] confronted[B]defeated[C]cheated[D] confused18. [A] strange[B]terrible[C]hard[D] wrong19.[A] exciting[B]trying[C]Surprising[D] changing20. [A] withdraw[B]hide[C]emerge[D] escape【完型填空答案解析】今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
2020年考研英语二真题及答案解析
Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling.3 , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still,5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7 and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial 一for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A] It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[C] behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredationwhen companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]The growth in the number of corporations[B]The general pay rise with a better economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economiespared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]Repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motivate inside candidates[D] increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay: Past and Present[C]CEOs' challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers 一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一 rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments 一Britain’ s and others across Europe - have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centres, school streets, even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan's electoral success.[C]improve the city s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the peoplebefore them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring .[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs are keenly aware .[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[D] how valuable a counselors advice is38.The word"assuage"(line 9, para 2)is closest in meaning to .[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepen39.I t can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs .[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are .[A]less realistic [B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B]Put on a good face, always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone.[E]Reveal, don't hide, information.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond theinternal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as"the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校学生使用手机阅读目的 2%17%59.5% 20.5%Section I Use of English1选 D。
01.考研英语二阅读讲义-细节题
考研英语二阅读讲义导学考研阅读概述一、考查形式1.2002年为分水岭2002年前为4题/篇，5篇文章，共计20题，单题2分，共计40分。
2002年后为5题/篇，4篇文章，共计20题，单题2分，共计40分。
2.近十年阅读真题总长度1500词，单篇长度400词。
3.建议做题时间18-20分钟/篇。
二、考查题材及来源1.考查题材政治经济、社会生活、商业经济、政治法律环境保护、文化教育、科普知识2.文章来源西方主流报刊、杂志The Guardian，The Washington Post，The Economist，Nature三、考研大纲对阅读能力的要求（英语一&英语二）理解主旨要义（主旨要义题）理解文章的具体信息（细节题）理解文中概念性的含义进行有关的判断推理和引申（推理引申题）根据上下文推测生词词义（语义理解题）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文的关系理解作者的意图，观点和态度（观点态度题）区分论点和论据（篇章结构题）考研阅读题型1、细节题2、主旨要义题3、篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）4、观点态度题（观点题和态度题）5、语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）6、推理引申题阅读学习阶段第一阶段原文How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability,and appropriateness of the information.你眼里的文章How well the騳will be纛by later乧r??7n?depends upon the菄躞tXF;and驌of the杌l\?$.第二阶段句子都能读懂，但文章串不起来第三阶段我看懂了，就是做不对题。
两种可能：--首先你没有完全看懂。
--题干和选项是否真的读懂考研阅读复习规划基础阶段（1-6月）总体目标：2010-2019年真题第一轮复习重点：词汇、语法、长难句、解题思路强化阶段（7-11月）总体目标：2010-2019年真题第二轮复习重点：题型、解题技巧冲刺阶段（12月）总体目标：2010-2020年真题第三轮复习重点：模考2020、错题分析考研阅读做题步骤1.阅读题干，把题干里面的关键词划出来，并初步预测文章内容关键词：1）专有名词、数词、连字符词2）动宾结构3）主语或其他2.阅读文章，划出与题干关键信息相对应的地方，划出常出题的地方常出题的地方：首段及其余各段首尾及转折处两大定位法则：1）关键词定位2）顺序定位3.解题---排除法：对比选项，选最佳答案1.阅读题干，把题干里面的关键词划出来，并初步预测文章内容例一：2016-331.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company33.The expression"more lenient"(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company's CSR record35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?33.The expression"more lenient"(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]more effective.[B]less controversial.[C]less severe.[D]more lasting.原文ⅣThe study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.例二：2017-331.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.33.The word"acclimation"(Line8,Para.3)is closest in meaning to_____.34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.[A]In Favor of the Gap Year[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year[C]The Gap Year Comes Back[D]The Gap Year:A Dilemma2.阅读文章，划出与题干关键信息相对应的地方，划出常出题的地方例：【2011-4】36.The EU is faced with so many problems that______.[A]it has more or less lost faith in markets[B]even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C]some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D]it intends to deny the possibility of devaluationⅠ①Will the European Union make it?②The question would have sounded strange not long ago.③Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.Ⅱ①As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16 countries that use the single currency.②Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.细节题【大纲要求】理解文中的具体信息。
2020研究生考试英语二
2020研究生考试英语二备考策略与实战经验分享The year 2020 marked a significant milestone for millions of aspiring academics worldwide as they prepared for the Postgraduate Entrance Exam, specifically the English Section II. This challenging examination not only tested their language proficiency but also their perseverance and dedication to achieving academic goals. As the dust settles on this year's exam, it's worth reflecting on the strategies and insights that contributed to successful outcomes.**1. Understanding the Exam Format and Requirements** Before delving into the depths of preparation, it was crucial to familiarize oneself with the format and requirements of the English Section II. This section typically focuses on reading comprehension, translation, and writing skills. Understanding the weightage and format of each section allowed candidates to allocate their preparation time effectively.**2. Enhancing Reading Comprehension Skills**Reading comprehension was a significant component of the exam. To excel in this area, candidates needed to practice reading a wide range of academic texts, including research articles, abstracts, and journal articles. This not only helped improve their vocabulary but also familiarized them with the language and tone of academic writing.**3. Mastering the Art of Translation**The translation section tested candidates' ability to translate English passages into Chinese and vice versa. To master this skill, candidates needed to practice translation exercises regularly, focusing on maintaining the original meaning and tone while adapting to the syntax and vocabulary of the target language.**4. Honing Writing Skills**The writing section required candidates to demonstrate their ability to compose coherent and well-structured essays. This required regular practice, attention to grammar and punctuation, and a focus on developing clear and concise arguments. Many candidates found it beneficialto engage in writing workshops or seek feedback from experienced mentors.**5. Managing Exam Stress**In addition to technical preparation, managing exam stress was crucial. Candidates needed to develop effective time management strategies, learn to prioritize their studies, and take regular breaks to prevent burnout. Mental health and well-being were also essential, as they contributed significantly to exam performance.**实战经验与备考策略分享**2020年对于全球数百万有志于学术研究的考生来说，是一个重要的里程碑，他们为研究生入学考试，特别是英语二部分做准备。
2020考研大纲-英语二
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法; (7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。
题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。
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第一部分：框架整合图画（图表）写作结构：九宫格开头段 一. 话题引起 二. 图画（表）描述 三. 图画（表）总结 中间段 四. 具体意义 五. 意义论证 六. 意义总结结尾段 七. 归纳评论 或 预测趋势 八. 建议措施 九. 憧憬未来信件 称谓，开头段：自我介绍（私人信函可省）+ 写信目的中间段：总分结构，分层次阐释内容结尾段：期待回信 + 表示感谢 + 保持联系（告示类要写）礼貌语，署名告示标题（首字母大写）正文：告示目的时间、地点、事件、注意事项。
保持联系（留下联系方式）署名：（特指且首字母大写）日期：月日，年报告Report on XXXXX This report aims to analyze ... and find ... From the information, we can find that ...In conclusion, ...备忘录 From :To :Date :Subject :正文： 可分为三大段，交代时间、地点、时间和注意事项第二部分：应用文预测范文讲解预测一：道歉信+答复信要求: 假设你是书店的客服经理，有顾客投诉客服态度不好、有口音等服务问题，请你针对客户的投诉信进行回复。
【范文】Re: Complaint about store servicesDear Customer,In response to your complaint about customer services you received from our company, I would like to apologize. Your opinion is important to us and that is why we would like to give you a satisfied explanation.The concerning explanations are as follows. Firstly, we will not deny that a good accent is the first step of good customer services. Yet the salesman you complained about is new here for only one week, who is trying his best to get used to everything here and communicate with each customer. Additionally, we would like to give you a free new book in order to make up for all your loss.If there is anything else we can do to be of assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us. We greatly appreciate your business.Yours sincerely,Li Ming【正文译文】道歉和答复信 一、开头段 回复：对店铺服务的抱怨亲爱的顾客，针对你对我们公司客户服务的投诉，我表示道歉。
你的意见对我们很重要，因此我们想给你一个满意的解释。
二、中间段 有关的解释如下。
首先，我们不会否认良好的口音是良好客户服务的第一步。
然而，你抱怨的那个业务员才入职了一个星期，他正在努力适应这里的一切并和每个客户沟通。
此外，我们想给你一本免费的新书，以弥补你所有的损失。
三、结尾段 如果我们还能提供任何帮助，请毫不犹豫地与我们联系。
我们非常感谢你的惠顾。
你诚挚的李明预测二：祝贺信+邀请信要求: 代表学生会祝贺学长考上北京大学研究生，并请求他来做一场经验分享，同时希望对方能给出一些毕业选择的建议。
【范文】Dear Zhang Wei,Congratulations on your admission to Peking University! On behalf of the Student Union, I am writing this letter to express my warmest congratulations. It is our honor to invite you to share your experience with us.Everybody says that you deserve the honor of the top student and this showsyour diligence. So we deeply look forward to your speech. This could be held in the auditorium at any evening next week. How about Saturday or Sunday? Plus, since the students come from different schools, would you please give us a general plan for the entrance exam to graduate school? Lastly, there will be a “Q&A” section, which will last 10 minutes. According to a poll, most of the senior students care about the choices upon graduation, such as to work or to study?Really looking forward to your arrival soon. Do not hesitate to contact me if I can be of any assistance.Best wishes,Li Ming 【正文译文】祝贺和邀请信 一、开头段 亲爱的张伟,祝贺你考上北京大学!我代表学生会写这封信以表达我最热烈的祝贺。
我们很荣幸邀请你与我们分享你的经验。
二、中间段 每个人都说你的优秀学生荣誉实至名归，它显示了你的勤奋。
因此，我们非常期待你的演讲。
下周任何一个晚上在礼堂进行都可以。
周六或周日怎么样？另外，由于学生来自不同的学院，你能给我们一个考研的总体规划吗?最后，将有一个持续10分钟的“问答”环节。
根据一项调查，大多数高年级学生关心毕业后的选择，比如去工作还是去深造。
三、结尾段 诚挚期待你的到来。
如果我能提供任何帮助，请毫不犹豫地与我联系。
最好的祝愿李明预测三：感谢信要求: 给一个人写一封感谢信，要求信中内容涉及：①表达感谢；② 感谢的理由及事情；③对你带来的影响。
【范文】Dear Professor Smith,Your excellent teaching skills as well as courteous personality has helped me tremendously through my journey at Nanjing University.Without your helpfulness and directness, my school life would have been more challenging. I appreciate you being stern and letting me know what I am doing wrong along with giving my ways that I can correct my mistakes. It is comforting to know that whenever I have a question you answer right way, which you know is all the time. I like that you refer to your personal work-related situations as examples when teaching a lesson along with regular course outline.I have learned so much from you and I look forward to learning more. Thank you for being a remarkable teacher and I am very grateful to have you as a teacher.Yours sincerely,Li Ming【正文译文】感谢信 一、开头段 亲爱的史密斯教授：在南京大学的求学过程中，你出色的教学技巧和谦恭有礼的性格给了我极大的帮助。
二、中间段 如果没有你的乐于助人和率直坦诚，我的学校生活会更具挑战。
我很欣赏你的严厉，让我知道我做错了什么，并告知我能够纠正自己错误方式。
我很高兴地知道，无论何时我有问题，你都能正确地回答，且你所知道的始终是正确的。
我喜欢你在常规的课程大纲和教学中，将与个人工作相关的情况作为例子。
三、结尾段 我从你身上学到了很多东西，希望未来能学到更多。
感谢您是一位出色的老师，我非常感激能有你这样的一位老师。
你诚挚的李明预测四：投诉信 + 建议信要求: 写信给一个培训机构的负责人，针对相关培训课程说明问题并提出优化方案。
（延伸：① 道歉并答复投诉 ② 投诉食堂、医院、餐饮服务等）【范文】Dear Sir or Madam,I was disappointed to find that the teaching quality and the variety of the materials here were far from satisfactory. I hope that the present situation will be improved.The advertisement claims that the course is taught by well-qualified teachers and aims to help students improve vocabulary and oral English. However, there is a gap between these claims and the quality of the class. Firstly, the class was oversized,and the teacher was not able to adapt materials to suit the needs of different students. Secondly, the teaching method was another problem. The teacher required us to learn vocabulary by rote, and I found pronunciation remains a problem. Therefore, I would like to suggest some changes in this course. Students of different levels should be assigned to different courses. It is also important to give us more opportunities to practice vocabulary rather than learning it by heart.Hopefully you will find the above proposals constructive. Your prompt attention to my suggestions would be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 【正文译文】投诉和建议信 一、开头段 尊敬的先生/女士，我很失望地发现，这里的教学质量和材料的多样性远远不能令人满意。