2014湖北卷
2014年高考英语湖北卷-答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)英语答案解析第一部分听力第一节1.【答案】C【解析】原文:M: Wow, the literature class is so lively and interesting.W: Yes. Linda uses a lot of games so that we can learn more effectively during the 45 minutes.2.【答案】C【解析】原文:W: Come on, it's only an interview!M: Only an interview? Only an interview?! What if I panic? What if I…I say a silly word by accident?3.【答案】B【解析】原文:W: I bought a size 10 of this jacket yesterday, but I just found size 8fits me better. Could you hold this one for me? I'll bring the other one back tomorrow.M: Sure, ma'am. I will put this one away for you.4.【答案】B【解析】原文:W: Sam, you look a bit upset.M: Yes. I saw someone in the supermarket today. He was dressed in the same clothes as me. The clothes looked so ugly.W: Oh, that's interesting.M: But when I went up to him, I saw it was me…myself…in the mirror!5.【答案】A【解析】原文:M: Sorry, Mom. I'm late again. I lost my keys on my way home and tried hard to find them.W: I'm sorry. I've got used to this kind of excuse. Could you try something new?第二节6.【答案】A【解析】原文:M: Welcome to our store. Can I help you, ma'am?W: Yeah. I'm looking for Jenny.M: She's not here.W: Um, is she coming in later?M: Don't ask me about her.W: Why? Look, I'm concerned about her.M: Well, your friend made me a big trouble.W: What happened?M: She disappeared in the middle of her work. I had to find someone else to fill in her position for the moment.7.【答案】A【解析】原文:M: Welcome to our store. Can I help you, ma'am?W: Yeah. I'm looking for Jenny.M: She's not here.W: Um, is she coming in later?M: Don't ask me about her.W: Why? Look, I'm concerned about her.M: Well, your friend made me a big trouble.W: What happened?M: She disappeared in the middle of her work. I had to find someone else to fill in her position for the moment.8.【答案】C【解析】原文:W: Look, what's that on the railway tracks, David? A rock? A man?M: Oh, it's a tree trunk!W: Gosh! A train is coming soon! It's going to hit it! Let's move it away.M: There's no time for that! We must stop the train. Let's wave at it.W: But we always wave at trains coming by. And the drivers are used to our waving.M: We must wave something red.Red is for danger.W: Good idea.Your T-shirt is red.Take it off!M: Sure.9.【答案】B【解析】原文:W: Look, what's that on the railway tracks, David? A rock? A man?M: Oh, it's a tree trunk!W: Gosh! A train is coming soon! It's going to hit it! Let's move it away.M: There's no time for that! We must stop the train. Let's wave at it.W: But we always wave at trains coming by. And the drivers are used to our waving.M: We must wave something red.Red is for danger.W: Good idea.Your T-shirt is red.Take it off!M: Sure.10.【答案】C【解析】原文:M: Um, Lucy, I'm getting a lot of complaints.W: Really? About what?M: Well, apparently, one of our waitresses is having a nervous breakdown.W: Who? Me?M: Yeah! Um, listen, maybe you should take the rest of the night off if you don't feel well.W: You don't understand.The guy at Table 4said something horrible to me when I was telling him about today's special offer.M: What did he say?W: He said I was…a good waitress.M: That's not bad.W: I didn't grow up to be a good waitress! That was never the plan. The plan was to be a lawyer.M: OK. You're a young woman. You can still do that.W: Can I? A 32single mother who didn't even graduate from high school?11.【答案】A【解析】原文:M: Um, Lucy, I'm getting a lot of complaints.W: Really? About what?M: Well, apparently, one of our waitresses is having a nervous breakdown.W: Who? Me?M: Yeah! Um, listen, maybe you should take the rest of the night off if you don't feel well.W: You don't understand.The guy at Table 4said something horrible to me when I was telling him about today's special offer.M: What did he say?W: He said I was…a good waitress.M: That's not bad.W: I didn't grow up to be a good waitress! That was never the plan. The plan was to be a lawyer.M: OK. You're a young woman. You can still do that.W: Can I? A 32single mother who didn't even graduate from high school?12.【答案】B【解析】原文:M: Um, Lucy, I'm getting a lot of complaints.W: Really? About what?M: Well, apparently, one of our waitresses is having a nervous breakdown.W: Who? Me?M: Yeah! Um, listen, maybe you should take the rest of the night off if you don't feel well.W: You don't understand.The guy at Table 4said something horrible to me when I was telling him about today's special offer.M: What did he say?W: He said I was…a good waitress.M: That's not bad.W: I didn't grow up to be a good waitress! That was never the plan. The plan was to be a lawyer.M: OK. You're a young woman. You can still do that.W: Can I? A 32single mother who didn't even graduate from high school?13.【答案】C【解析】原文:W: I think Mark is frightened to be left alone in the house. Although he doesn't look anxious or unhappy, I know he's just pretending to be brave.M: Honey, he's already 14. Remember, we left Catherine alone when she was 10.W: That was a mistake! We didn't leave her. We forgot her!M: When we got home, she was fine…except that all her books were thrown out of the window. She was chattingwith the emergency phone operator and had become friends with her.W: Yeah. But we have to make sure that Mark knows what to do in case of emergency.M: Of course he does. He took part in the first aid training program last month and passed the exam.W: The exam? It helps absolutely no reality.M: Hmm, you have a point.W: I've got a solution. Let's create an emergency situation for him. Then he'll have real-life experience instead of just theory.M: Shh. Keep the plan between us.14.【答案】C【解析】原文:W: I think Mark is frightened to be left alone in the house. Although he doesn't look anxious or unhappy, I know he's just pretending to be brave.M: Honey, he's already 14. Remember, we left Catherine alone when she was 10.W: That was a mistake! We didn't leave her. We forgot her!M: When we got home, she was fine…except that all her books were thrown out of the window. She was chatting with the emergency phone operator and had become friends with her.W: Yeah. But we have to make sure that Mark knows what to do in case of emergency.M: Of course he does. He took part in the first aid training program last month and passed the exam.W: The exam? It helps absolutely no reality.M: Hmm, you have a point.W: I've got a solution. Let's create an emergency situation for him. Then he'll have real-life experience instead of just theory.M: Shh. Keep the plan between us.15.【答案】C【解析】原文:W: I think Mark is frightened to be left alone in the house. Although he doesn't look anxious or unhappy, I know he's just pretending to be brave.M: Honey, he's already 14. Remember, we left Catherine alone when she was 10.W: That was a mistake! We didn't leave her. We forgot her!M: When we got home, she was fine…except that all her books were thrown out of the window. She was chatting with the emergency phone operator and had become friends with her.W: Yeah. But we have to make sure that Mark knows what to do in case of emergency.M: Of course he does. He took part in the first aid training program last month and passed the exam.W: The exam? It helps absolutely no reality.M: Hmm, you have a point.W: I've got a solution. Let's create an emergency situation for him. Then he'll have real-life experience instead of just theory.M: Shh. Keep the plan between us.16.【答案】B【解析】原文:W: I think Mark is frightened to be left alone in the house. Although he doesn't look anxious or unhappy, I know he's just pretending to be brave.M: Honey, he's already 14. Remember, we left Catherine alone when she was 10.W: That was a mistake! We didn't leave her. We forgot her!M: When we got home, she was fine…except that all her books were thrown out of the window. She was chatting with the emergency phone operator and had become friends with her.W: Yeah. But we have to make sure that Mark knows what to do in case of emergency.M: Of course he does. He took part in the first aid training program last month and passed the exam.W: The exam? It helps absolutely no reality.M: Hmm, you have a point.W: I've got a solution. Let's create an emergency situation for him. Then he'll have real-life experience instead of just theory.M: Shh. Keep the plan between us.17.【答案】B【解析】原文:Welcome to this edition of The Stories of Super Geniuses. I'm Susan Wilbur. Today, you're going to hear a story of a great magician. He was born on September 16, 1956in New Jersey. He picked up magic at 8and began performing professionally at 12. By the age of 16, he was already teaching magic at New York University. In 1977, he was chosen to host a TV show, The Magic of ABC.The show was a huge success, and made him known to the whole world.He understands his craft more than any other magician before him. He said, "Before there can be wonders, there must be wonder." Where others think, "It can't be done," he always says, "Yes, it can." With this attitude, he never stops amazing people with magic.But the greatest work he thinks he has done is Project Magic.This is aproject established in March 1982to help disabled patients. Every year, he performs over 550 shows and has created many box office records. His love for magic is everything to him. And to those who want to become great magicians, he gave this advice: "Practice, practice, practice, and never consider anything impossible." Do you know who he is now? Call 202-983-2476 to tell us the name of this magician, and you will get a DVD of his shows.18.【答案】A【解析】原文:Welcome to this edition of The Stories of Super Geniuses. I'm Susan Wilbur. Today, you're going to hear a story of a great magician. He was born on September 16, 1956in New Jersey. He picked up magic at 8and began performing professionally at 12. By the age of 16, he was already teaching magic at New York University. In 1977, he was chosen to host a TV show, The Magic of ABC.The show was a huge success, and made him known to the whole world.He understands his craft more than any other magician before him. He said, "Before there can be wonders, there must be wonder." Where others think, "It can't be done," he always says, "Yes, it can." With this attitude, he never stops amazing people with magic.But the greatest work he thinks he has done is Project Magic.This is a project established in March 1982to help disabled patients. Every year, he performs over 550 shows and has created many box office records. His love for magic is everything to him. And to those who want to become great magicians, he gave this advice: "Practice, practice, practice, and never consider anything impossible." Do you know who he is now? Call 202-983-2476 to tell us the name of this magician, and you will get a DVD of his shows.19.【答案】A【解析】原文:Welcome to this edition of The Stories of Super Geniuses. I'm Susan Wilbur. Today, you're going to hear a story of a great magician. He was born on September 16, 1956in New Jersey. He picked up magic at 8and began performing professionally at 12. By the age of 16, he was already teaching magic at New York University. In 1977, he was chosen to host a TV show, The Magic of ABC.The show was a huge success, and made him known to the whole world.He understands his craft more than any other magician before him. He said, "Before there can be wonders, there must be wonder." Where others think, "It can't be done," he always says, "Yes, it can." With this attitude, he never stops amazing people with magic.But the greatest work he thinks he has done is Project Magic.This is a project established in March 1982to help disabled patients. Every year, he performs over 550 shows and has created many box office records. His love for magic is everything to him. And to those who want to become great magicians, he gave this advice: "Practice, practice, practice, and never consider anything impossible." Do youknow who he is now? Call 202-983-2476 to tell us the name of this magician, and you will get a DVD of his shows.20.【答案】B【解析】原文:Welcome to this edition of The Stories of Super Geniuses. I'm Susan Wilbur. Today, you're going to hear a story of a great magician. He was born on September 16, 1956in New Jersey. He picked up magic at 8and began performing professionally at 12. By the age of 16, he was already teaching magic at New York University. In 1977, he was chosen to host a TV show, The Magic of ABC.The show was a huge success, and made him known to the whole world.He understands his craft more than any other magician before him. He said, "Before there can be wonders, there must be wonder." Where others think, "It can't be done," he always says, "Yes, it can." With this attitude, he never stops amazing people with magic.But the greatest work he thinks he has done is Project Magic.This is a project established in March 1982to help disabled patients. Every year, he performs over 550 shows and has created many box office records. His love for magic is everything to him. And to those who want to become great magicians, he gave this advice: "Practice, practice, practice, and never consider anything impossible." Do you know who he is now? Call 202-983-2476 to tell us the name of this magician, and you will get a DVD of his shows.第二部分词汇知识运用第一节多项选择21.【答案】A【解析】本题的是名词词义辨析。
2014年湖北省十堰市中考语文试卷及答案
2014年湖北省十堰市中考语文试卷及答案一、积累与运用(26分,1—6题各3分,7、8题各4分)1.下面各组词语中加点字的字音和字形完全正确....的一组是()A.哺.(bǔ)育燥.(zào)动隽.(juàn)永脍灸.(zhì)人口B.妥帖.(tiě) 殷.(yīn)红贻.(yí)误弛.(chí)名中外C.绚.(xuàn)丽凋.(diāo)零埋.(mán)怨咬文嚼.(jiáo)字D.贮.(chǔ)藏恐吓.(hè) 称.(chènɡ)职浮想联篇.(piān)2.下列各句中,加点成语使用恰当....的一项是()A.他治学严谨,勤奋敬业,对工作精益求精,锱铢必较....。
B.“中国汉字听写大会”的参赛小选手,聪明伶俐,贻笑大方....,小小年纪就记得很多汉字和词语,深受观众喜爱。
C.这万般泉声,被一支看不见的指挥棒编织到一起,汇成一曲奇妙的、栩栩如生....的交响乐。
D.由于他刻苦练字,锲而不舍,所以他的书法艺术才达到炉火纯青....的地步。
3.下列各句中没有语病....的一项是()A.中学生之所以喜欢网络文学作品的原因,是因为这些作品不仅表现手法自由活泼,而且思想感情丰富细腻。
B.有学者认为,央视“百家讲坛”栏目将国学经典通俗化,有利于更多人了解、研究传统文化。
C.近200年来,地球的森林已有三分之一左右被采伐和毁掉,尤其在近50年,部分地区森林减少了一倍。
D.我们要养成爱读书,特别是读经典,读名著,让书香飘满我们的生活。
4.下列各项说法有误..的一项是()A.中国文化中,有许多与“三”有关的称谓,如“三皇五帝”、“三秦”、“岁寒三友”、“三教九流”等,其中,“岁寒三友”指的是松、竹、梅。
B.《格列佛游记》讲述了格列佛因海难等原因流落到小人国、大人国、飞岛国以及爪哇国等地的经历。
C.《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集,收录了诗歌作品305篇。
2014年湖北省行测真题答案全部
2014年湖北省公务员考试行测真题答案全部第一部分常识部分1.关于我国公务员[微博]制度,下列叙述正确的是( )A。
正在接受纪律审查的公务员不得辞去公职2.关于我国的农民工现象,下列说法错误的是( )B。
“新生代农民工”主要指80后、90后,目前在农民工群体中占一半以上3.关于亚洲政体女性首脑,下列说法错误的是( )D。
英拉·西那瓦是马来西亚总理4.关于四大文明古国及其数学成就,下列对应错误的是( )D。
古中国:勾股定理5.下列思想流派与产生时代对应错误的是( )A。
儒学——汉代6.关于政治思想,下列表述错误的是( )D。
让·布丹提出君主主权学说7.关于下列各组人物说法错误的是( )B。
颜回、曾子都属于孔子的七十二门徒8.下列关于铅的说法错误的是( )A。
铅笔芯的主要成分是铅下列说法错误的是( )A。
蓝藻对地球表面从无氧变成有氧的大气环境起了巨大作10.下列关于火山的表述错误的是( )D。
页岩是最常见的岩浆岩11.关于天体及其运行,下列表述错误的是( )C。
黄道面是指月球绕地球运行的轨道面12.下列关于石灰的说法错误的是( )A。
生石灰通常可以作为食品干燥剂13.下列哪组不属于夺命“急症”?( )A。
肺栓塞、哮喘14.下列哪组物品均属可燃固体?( )B。
面粉、油漆15.下列哪项不在中国地形的第二级阶梯上?( )D。
巴颜喀拉山16.关于农作物,下列说法正确的是( )C。
花生是世界上最主要的油料作物17.下列体育人物与其擅长领域错误的是( )D。
拉菲尔·纳达尔:棒球18.下列事件与相关人物对应错误的是( )D。
安史之乱:郭子仪、史思明19.根据民事诉讼法的规定,下列说法错误的是( )A。
人民法院调解好的离婚案件,可以不调解书20.下列犯罪嫌疑人、被告人中,哪个人不适用取保候审?( )A。
有证据证明甲犯故意杀人罪,有可能被判十年以上有期徒刑第二部分言语理解与表达(共35题,参考时限35分钟)本部分包括表达与理解两方面的内容,根据题目要求,在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。
2014湖北高考物理试题(全国卷)含答案
2014年湖北高考物理试题(全国卷)14.在法拉第时代,下列验证“由磁产生电”设想的实验中,能观察到感应电流的是A.将绕在磁铁上的线圈与电流表组成一闭合回路,然后观察电流表的变化B. 在一通电线圈旁放置一连有电流表的闭合线圈,然后观察电流表的变化C.将一房间内的线圈两端与相邻房间的电流表连接。
往线圈中插入条形磁铁后,再到相邻房间去观察电流的变化D.绕在同一铁环上的两个线圈,分别接电源和电流表,在给线圈通电或断电的瞬间,观察电流表的变化15.关于通电直导线在匀强磁场中所受的安培力,下列说法正确的是A、安培力的方向可以不垂直于直导线B、安培力的方向总是垂直于磁场的方向C、安培力的的大小与通电直导线和磁场方向的夹角无关D、将直导线从中点折成直角,安培力的大小一定变为原来的一半16.如图,MN为铝质薄平板,铝板上方和下方分别有垂直于图平面的匀强磁场(未画出)。
一带电粒子从紧贴铝板上表面的P点垂直于铝板向上射出,从Q点穿越铝板后到达PQ的中点O。
已知粒子穿越铝板时,其动能损失一半,速度方向和电荷量不变。
不计重力,铝板上方和下方的磁感应强度大小之比为2A. 2 B. 2 C. 1 D.217.如图,用橡皮筋将一小球悬挂在小车的架子上,系统处于平衡状态,现使小车从静止开始向左加速,加速度从零开始逐渐增大到某一值,然后保持此值,小球稳定地偏离竖直方向某一角度(橡皮筋在弹性限度内)。
与稳定在竖直位置时相比,小球的高度A.一定升高B.一定降低C.保持不变D.升高或降低由橡皮筋的劲度系数决定18.如图(a),线圈ab、cd绕在同一软铁芯上,在ab线圈中通以变化的电流,用示波器测得线圈cd间电压如图(b)所示。
已知线圈内部的磁场与流经线圈的电流成正比,则下列描述线圈ab中电流随时间变化关系的图中,可能正确的是19.太阳系各行星几乎在同一平面内沿同一方向绕太阳做圆周运动,当地球恰好运行到某地外行星和太阳之间,且三者几乎排成一条直线的现象,天文学称为“行星冲日”。
2014年湖北省高考英语试题及其详细解析
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is Linda?A. A writer.B. A student.C. A teacher.2. What is the man afraid of?A. Having an accident.B. Missing the interview.C. Saying something wrong.3. What does the woman want to do?A. To return a jacket.B. To change a jacket.C. To buy another jacket.4. Why does the man feel upset?A. A guy stole his clothes.B. He found his clothes ugly.C. Someone said he was ugly.5. What does the woman mean?A. She disbelieves her son.B. She feels very sorry for her son.C. She wants her son to use a new key.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2014湖北省高考语文试卷试题及答案
1、下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是A.棱角/菱形窒息/对峙稽首/稽查B.侥幸/阻挠绚烂/驯服称职/职称C.塑料/朔风叫嚣/发酵本末倒置/倒行逆施D.延伸/筵席瓦砾/罹难挑三拣四/挑拨离间2、下列各句中,加点的成语使用正确的一项是A.新闻发布会上,他讲话仅用了八分钟,简洁明了,新闻性、针对性强,没有一句穿靴戴帽的空话套话。
B.联合国大会曾经两次召开会议,讨论是否应该废除死刑的问题,但因各方立场南辕北辙,讨论无果而终。
C.本届展销会邀请到了安徽、浙江、上海等地知名企业,湖笔、宜笔、徽墨、宜纸、歙砚等文房四宝济济一堂。
D.写一篇小说并不太难,但要想让自己的作品在擢发难数的小说中引起读者广泛关注,就不那么容易了。
3、把下列句子组成语意连贯的语段,排序最恰当的一项是①从汉字笔画的统计分布规律来看,这种看法是值得商榷的。
②不少人认为简化汉字的理想目标是把十画以上的字简化到十画或不足十画。
③为了增强区别性,对那些笔画较多的非常用字还是不去简化为好。
④文字的应用首先要保证看和读的方便,要有相当的清晰性和区别性。
⑤但把笔画全部减到十画或不足十画,势必增加大量的形近字,给看和读带来困难。
⑥其次才是笔画简单,写起来省事。
A.②①④⑥⑤③ B.②①⑤③④⑥ C.④⑥②①③⑤ D.④⑥③⑤②①4、填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,最恰当的一句是(3分)辣,我们都不陌生,很多人无辣不欢甚至吃辣上瘾,这是因为辣椒素等辣味物质刺激舌头、口腔的神经末梢时,会在大脑中形成类似灼烧的感觉,机体就反射性地出现心跳加速、唾液及汗液分泌增多等现象,,内啡肽又促进多巴胺的分泌,多巴胺能在短时间内令人高度兴奋,带来“辣椒素快感”,慢慢地我们吃辣就上瘾了。
A.大脑在这些兴奋性的刺激下把内啡肽释放出来B.内啡肽因这些兴奋性的刺激而被大脑释放出来C.这些兴奋性的刺激使大脑释放出内啡肽D.这些兴奋性的刺激使大脑把内啡肽释放出来5、依次填入下列横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是研究伊始,该团队选取了华北、西北地区生产的几十种马铃薯进行分析,从营养成分、、硬度等方面多次试验,确定了适合加工马铃薯面条的两个品种。
2014年高考语文湖北卷-答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)语文答案解析一、语文基础知识1.【答案】B【解析】A.蓦(mò),注意不要受形近字读音的影响;C.脂(zhī),注意与方言的区别;D.撷(xįé),注意对生僻字读音的积累。
2.【答案】B【解析】A.切蹉—切磋;C.时事造英雄—时势造英雄;D.促不及防—猝不及防。
3.【答案】D【解析】滋养:养育,培养。
滋润:浸润,使湿润。
根据语境,此处应用“滋养”。
故排除A、C两项。
绚丽多彩:色彩丰富。
多姿多彩:丰富多彩形容颜色多样,有很多形状和色彩。
根据语境,此处应用“多姿多彩”。
故排除B项。
4.【答案】A【解析】B成分残缺。
应为“老龄人口所占比例高于全国平均水平”。
C.语意不明。
“这”在句中指代主语“中国铁路运营里程”,指代有误;另外,前后两个分句陈述的均为客观事实,而非支配与被支配的关系,不应用“使”连接。
D.成分残缺。
应在“的统一平台”前加“信用信息”。
5.【答案】C【解析】残酷的现实让四凤无法承受,她冲向花园,碰到漏电的电线而死。
周冲为了去救她也触电身亡,并非“选择与四凤一同触电而亡”。
二、现代文6.【答案】C【解析】A.“中国古代社会的教育内容就是艺术文学”错,艺术文学是教育的主要工具、门径和方法,而非“内容”。
另外,“以情动人”是艺术的作用,而非“教育的目的”。
B.“诗书礼乐涵盖了中国古代社会文化的全部内容”错,原文是“中国古代的社会文化与教育是拿诗书礼乐做根基”另外,“诗与乐则作用于个体”错,原文是“‘乐’滋润着群体内心的和谐与结力”。
D.强加因果。
7.【答案】D【解析】“担负具体功能”错,“礼乐分别构成秩序条理、和谐与团结力,可见其意义是抽象的,另外,“只有在个人的生活中才展现形而上的启示意义”错,原文“礼和乐是中国社会的两大柱石”,涉及的范围广,只有“人生里面的礼乐”才展现形而上的启示意义,使个体人生具有更深层的意义和美。
8.【答案】A【解析】B.“乐是一切人类艺术的最高境界和最终追求”夸大了其作用。
2014湖北武汉中考真题英语(含解析)
2014年武汉市初三中考英语二、选择填空26. --We’ll travel to different places this winter vacation. Enjoy your trip!--________.A. The same to youB. Yes, I’d love toC. Me, tooD. Very well, thank you27. Jim’s a taxi driver, ____ he really wants to be a doctor.A. orB. andC. soD. but28. –Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend?--Jack? Never! He_____ driving so far.A. has hatedB. will hateC. hatedD. hates29. –A nice tie! A. present?--Yes, it is. My aunt ______it to me for my last birthday.A. was sendingB. had sentC. will sendD. sent30. –Is Miss Green in the office? --No, she ____ to the library.A. goesB. had goesC. has goneD. would go31. I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found _______.A. noneB. bothC. oneD. neither32. –Oh, you sound just like an American.--_____. I still have trouble expressing myself.A. Yes, you’re rightB. Well, not quite like thatC. I don’t mindD. You’re welcome33. —We’d better invite Jim and Jack to the party tonight.--Yes, _________? I’ll give the a call right now.A. whyB. why notC. what forD. how34. –This is quite a new phrase.--Right. It has already ____the language.A. spokenB. usedC. enteredD. covered35. —We’ve no money and the last bus has gone. Any______ idea?A. funnyB. brightC. oppositeD. correct36. —Will you fix up the machine according to the ______, David? –No problem.A. instructionsB. inventionsC. invitationsD. interviews37. —How’s now?--I hear the company ______ him a very good job, but he turned it down.A. donatedB. servedC. offeredD. introduced38. I used to _______ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.A. show upB. wake upC. come upD. stay up39. –Is that Kate’s car?--It ______be hers. She has just gone for a meeting.A. can’tB. shouldC. mustn’tD. may40. I didn’t know ______.A. when would the train arriveB. where could I get the bookC. what has been doneD. who left the message二、完形填空There is an old English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” One person certainly would have agreed with this is Norman Cousins.Norman Cousins was the editor of a magazine called Saturday Review for almost forty years. He also (41) and spoke about world peace and anti-war issues(反战议题), traveling to many different countries to share his (42).In the 1960s, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Europe. Mr. Cousins got (43). He discovered he had a strange disease that caused great pain in his bones(骨头).In less than a week after he got back, he could not (44) it. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to (45) at night. The doctor told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure (治疗) his problem and he might never (46) the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope.Mr. Cousins thought that the illness could be caused by (47) thoughts. He did not want to take (48) to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching comedy shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of (49) laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.Deciding that the (50) could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could (51) his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins (52) in the hotel room watching comedy shows on television, reading amusing books, and sleeping whenever he felt (53). Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for (54).After a few months, Mr. Cousins was (55) to carry on his work. He had laughed himself back to health.41. A. laughed B. taught C. wrote D. copied42. A. magazines B. subjects C. photos D. ideas43. A. rich B. sick C. lonely D. famous44. A. stand B. realize C. face D. improve45. A. dream B. eat C. shout D. sleep46. A. go through B. look after C. get over D. find out47. A. unhappy B. pleasant C. silly D. clever48. A. food B. time C. medicine D. money49. A. unusual B. false C. real D. wild50. A. friends B. laughter C. experiment D. doctors51. A. begin B. end C. continue D. report52. A. rested B. worked C. studied D. played53. A. well B. tired C. afraid D. worried54. A. help B. exercise C. freedom D. fun55. A. able B. safe C. lazy D. uncertain四、阅读理解A56. What is the reading about?A. An advertisement of the sales.B. A list of suits and sweatersC. A photo of a handsome boyD. A picture of a UK57. How much can we save at most for a suit or a sweater?A. £ 15B. £ 20C. £ 30D. £ 4558. “The Christmas Sales’ ends _________.A. next weekendB. this weekC. in 24 hoursD. in 14 days59. In the reading “HOBSONS” refers to (指)________.A. the name of the streetB. the boss of the clothes shopC. the name of the clothes shopD. the sales for Christmas60. According to the reading, we can ________.A. have a picture taken with a modelB. take a free truck to the clothes shopC. do shopping either online or at the shopD. get £100 back for any orderBAlmost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st-January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal(正式的)clothes, and the may drink champagne(香槟)at midnight.During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.Many cultures also do special things to get rid of(摆脱)bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh(重新). Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!61. The reading is mainly about_____.A. the meaning of “Happy New Year!”B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Year’s DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Year’s Day62. It’s clear that_____.A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morningB. the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s DayC. people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st-January 1stD. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year63. In some cultures, people throw things into rivers or oceans to_____.A. bring good luckB. keep away bad luckC. forget everythingD. plan for the next year64. To have a happy new year,_____.A. friends talk to each other in special waysB. families make big dolls filled with old clothesC. some people get up early to watch the sunriseD. Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day65. When eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day, people think_____.A. one pea brings one day of luckB. black-eyed peas are the best medicineC. the peas are too black and taste badD. the peas are helpful to count numbersCI never saw my father home from work late or ill, n or did I ever see my father take a “night out with the boys”. He had no hobbies but just took care of his family.For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at 9:00 am. He was always interested in my life-how my family was doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, England or Florida.Nine years ago when I bought me first house, my father, 67 years old, spent eight hours a day for three days, painting my house. He would not allow me to pay someone to have it done. All he asked was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father.Five years ago, my 71-year-old father spent five hours putting together a swing set(秋千)for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him, but again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean.The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1995, my father telephoned me as usual, this time he had seemed to have forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short.The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father was sent to hospital in Florida. I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed(发誓)that when I arrived, I would make up for the lost time, and have a nice long talk with him ad really get to know him.I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me.In the years since his death I have learnt much about my father, and even more about every single day.66. We know from the reading that the father_____.A. liked to paint housesB. had no friends around himC. was not healthy in his youthD. thought of his family as his all67. When her father painted her first house, the daughter_____.A. could only afford a glass of iced teaB. was too busy to talk to her fatherC. could do nothing but hold a paintbrushD. spent eight hours a day working with her father68. On January 16, 1996, the daughter felt that her father_____.A. seemed to be a little differentB. had no time to phone her as usualC. became interested in churchD. had forgotten to discuss some things with her69. In the reading the underlined phrase ‘get to know him’ most probably means_____.A. get him to know herB. know more about himC. get him to know himselfD. make him well-known70. Which is the best title of the reading?A. Painting HousesB. Daughter’s FamilyC. Father and ID. Father’s phone calls五、词与短语选择填空(本题共10分,每题2分)仔细阅读下面五个句子,然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。
2014年高考语文湖北卷文言文吴德基传注释答案详解译文
2014年高考语文湖北卷文言文吴德基传注释答案详解译文阅读下面的文言文,完成9—13题。
吴德基传[明]宋濂吴德基者,名履,婺(wù)之兰溪人也。
有司(古代设官分职,各有专司,故称有司。
泛指官吏。
“有”即“有……的权利”;“司”即“主管、管理”。
《廉颇蔺相如列传》:“召有司案图”)举(举荐)于朝,为(担任)南康丞。
南康俗悍(hàn,勇猛,勇敢),其民以为(认为)丞(县丞,这里指南康县丞)儒(读书人)者也,易(轻视、瞧不起。
柳宗元《童区寄传》:“寄伪儿啼,恐栗为儿恒状。
贼易之,对饮,酒醉。
一人去为市,一人卧,植刃道上。
童微伺其睡,以缚背刃,力下上,得绝,因取刃杀之。
”)之,德基自如(犹自若,神态镇定自然)。
数月皆周知其情伪(真假;真诚与虚伪),有所发擿(t ī,揭发,揭露),一县惊伏(受惊而趴伏)。
德基乃更(改变,改换)以宽化(教化)之。
民有诉,召使前与语,弗加咄叱(duōchì,呵责);民或援(拉扯)丞裾(jū,衣襟)相尔汝(互称你我),弗责也。
县令周以中初至,召民转输(运输财物)至郡不得,躬(亲自)至乡召之。
一民逸去(逃走),命卒笞(chī,用鞭杖或竹板打)之。
不肯伏,走入山,骂令曰:“官(做官)当在县(县衙),何以(为什么)至此为(wéi,句末语气词,表示反诘、疑问。
《墨子·公输》:“何命焉为。
”《史记·项羽本纪》:“如今人为刀俎,我为鱼肉,何辞为?”)?”令怒,吏卒因(趁机。
《史记·项羽本纪》:“请以剑舞,因击沛公于坐,杀之。
”)以语动(打动,刺激)令,欲诬(诬告)一乡民图(贪图)贿利(不正当的利益),获(捕获)六七人下狱,扃钥(jiōng yuè,本指“门户锁钥”,这里指“关押,锁闭”)甚严。
德基计(考虑)民无罪,自出巡(巡视)狱,叱(呵斥)卒释之,卒以他辞(其他的言辞)解(辩解)。
德基槌(名词用作状语,“用槌子”)碎狱门遣(放走)之,曰:“若(你)无罪,还告父兄无恐。
2014湖北黄冈中考试卷--英语
2014湖北黄冈中考试卷--英语第一部分选择题(共80 分)一、听力(共二节,计25 分)第一节(共9 小题;每小题1 分,满分9 分)听下面9 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1 A She went shoppingB She cleaned her roomC She attended a party2 A Writing him a letterB Talking on the phoneC Going to his house3 A Once a week B Every weekC Every day4 A Nick B Gina C Tom5 A $180 B $90 C $3606 A Rainy B Sunny C Cloudy7 A A book store B A library C A post office8 A A waitress BA saleswoman CA customer9 A Giving the girl an interesting bookB Seeing an interesting movieC Reading an interesting book第二节(共16 小题;每小题1 分,满分16 分)听下面5 段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题后所给的A、B、C 三个选项选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5 秒钟。
听完后,各题将给出5 秒钟的答题时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第10 段材料,完成第10-11 小题。
10 Who is Harry’s best friend?A MarryB TonyC Ted11 Why is he a good friend of Harry’s?A Because he is popularB Because he is funnierC Because he likes to do the same things as Harry听第11 段材料,完成第12-14 小题。
2014年湖北省数学(文)高考真题含答案(超完美word版)
绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)数 学(文史类)本试题卷共5页,22题。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1.答卷前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用统一提供的2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A 后的方框涂黑。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用统一提供的2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.填空题和解答题的作答:用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知全集{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}U =,集合{1,3,5,6}A =,则U A =ð A .{1,3,5,6} B .{2,3,7}C .{2,4,7}D . {2,5,7}2.i 为虚数单位,21i ()1i -=+A .1B .1-C .iD . i -3.命题“x ∀∈R ,2x x ≠”的否定是 A .x ∀∉R ,2x x ≠ B .x ∀∈R ,2x x = C .x ∃∉R ,2x x ≠D .x ∃∈R ,2x x =4.若变量x ,y 满足约束条件4,2,0,0,x y x y x y +≤⎧⎪-≤⎨⎪≥≥⎩错误!未找到引用源。
则2x y +的最大值是A .2B .4C .7D .85.随机掷两枚质地均匀的骰子,它们向上的点数之和不超过5的概率记为1p ,点数之和大于5的概率记为2 p ,点数之和为偶数的概率记为3p ,则 A .123p p p << B .213p p p << C .132p p p << D .312p p p <<6.根据如下样本数据x 3 4 5 6 7 8 y4.02.50.5-0.52.0-3.0-得到的回归方程为ˆybx a =+,则 A .0a >,0b <B .0a >,0b >C .0a <,0b <D .0a <,0b >7.在如图所示的空间直角坐标系O-xyz 中,一个四面体的顶点坐标分别是(0,0,2),(2,2,0),(1,2,1),(2,2,2). 给出编号为①、②、③、④的四个图,则该四面体的正视图和俯视图分别为A .①和②B .③和①C .④和③D .④和②8.设,a b 是关于t 的方程2cos sin 0tt θθ+=的两个不等实根,则过2(,)A a a ,2(,)B b b 两点的直线与双曲线22221cos sin x y θθ-=的公共点的个数为A .0B .1C .2D .3图③ 图①图④图② 第7题图9.已知()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数,当0x ≥时,2()=3f x x x -. 则函数()()+3g x f x x =- 的零点的集合为A. {1,3}B. {3,1,1,3}--C. {27,1,3}-D. {27,1,3}--10.《算数书》竹简于上世纪八十年代在湖北省江陵县张家山出土,这是我国现存最早的有系统的数学典籍,其中记载有求“囷盖”的术:置如其周,令相乘也. 又以高乘之,三十六成一. 该术相当于给出了由圆锥的底面周长L 与高h ,计算其体积V 的近似公式2136V L h ≈. 它实际上是将圆锥体积公式中的圆周率π近似取为3. 那么,近似公式2275V L h ≈相当于将圆锥体积公式中的π近似取为 A .227B .258C .15750D .355113二、填空题:本大题共7小题,每小题5分,共35分.请将答案填在答题卡对应题号.......的位 置上. 答错位置,书写不清,模棱两可均不得分.11.甲、乙两套设备生产的同类型产品共4800件,采用分层抽样的方法从中抽取一个容量为80的样本进行质量检测. 若样本中有50件产品由甲设备生产,则乙设备生产的产品总数为 件. 12.若向量(1,3)OA =- ,||||OA OB =,0OA OB ⋅= ,则||AB =.13.在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c . 已知π6A =,a =1,3b =,则B = . 14.阅读如图所示的程序框图,运行相应的程序,若输入n 的值为9,则输出S 的值为 .输入n1k =,0S =开始否 是?k n ≤输出S结束2k S S k =++1k k =+15.如图所示,函数()y f x =的图象由两条射线和三条线段组成.O()y f x =yxa-2a-3a -a2a3aaa-若x ∀∈R ,()>(1)f x f x -,则正实数a 的取值范围为 .16.某项研究表明:在考虑行车安全的情况下,某路段车流量F (单位时间内经过测量点的 车辆数,单位:辆/小时)与车流速度v (假设车辆以相同速度v 行驶,单位:米/秒)、 平均车长l (单位:米)的值有关,其公式为2760001820vF v v l=++.(Ⅰ)如果不限定车型, 6.05l =,则最大车流量为 辆/小时;(Ⅱ)如果限定车型,5l =, 则最大车流量比(Ⅰ)中的最大车流量增加 辆/小时.17.已知圆22:1O x y +=和点(2,0)A -,若定点(,0)B b (2)b ≠-和常数λ满足:对圆O 上任意一点M ,都有||||MB MA λ=,则 (Ⅰ)b = ; (Ⅱ)λ= .三、解答题:本大题共5小题,共65分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 18.(本小题满分12分)某实验室一天的温度(单位:℃)随时间t (单位:h )的变化近似满足函数关系:ππ()103cossin 1212f t t t =--,[0,24)t ∈. (Ⅰ)求实验室这一天上午8时的温度; (Ⅱ)求实验室这一天的最大温差.19.(本小题满分12分)已知等差数列{}n a 满足:12a =,且1a ,2a ,5a 成等比数列. (Ⅰ)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(Ⅱ)记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,是否存在正整数n ,使得n S 60800n >+?若存在,求n 的最小值;若不存在,说明理由.20.(本小题满分13分)如图,在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,E ,F ,P ,Q ,M ,N 分别是棱AB ,AD ,1DD , 1BB ,11A B ,11A D 的中点. 求证:(Ⅰ)直线1BC ∥平面EFPQ ; (Ⅱ)直线1AC ⊥平面PQMN .21.(本小题满分14分)π为圆周率,e 2.71828= 为自然对数的底数.(Ⅰ)求函数ln ()xf x x=的单调区间; (Ⅱ)求3e ,e 3,πe ,e π,π3,3π这6个数中的最大数与最小数.22.(本小题满分14分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,点M 到点(1,0)F 的距离比它到y 轴的距离多1.记点M 的 轨迹为C .(Ⅰ)求轨迹C 的方程;(Ⅱ)设斜率为k 的直线l 过定点(2,1)P -. 求直线l 与轨迹C 恰好有一个公共点、两个公共点、三个公共点时k 的相应取值范围.第20题图绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)数学(文史类)试题参考答案一、选择题:1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B 二、填空题:11.1800 12.25 13.π3或2π314.1067 15.1(0)6, 16.(Ⅰ)1900;(Ⅱ)100 17.(Ⅰ)12-;(Ⅱ)12三、解答题:18.(Ⅰ)ππ(8)103cos 8sin 81212f =-⨯-⨯()()2π2π103cos sin33=--13103()1022=-⨯--=. 故实验室上午8时的温度为10 ℃.(Ⅱ)因为3π1πππ()102(cos sin )=102sin()212212123f t t t t =-+-+, 又024t ≤<,所以πππ7π31233t ≤+<,ππ1sin()1123t -≤+≤.当2t =时,ππsin()1123t +=;当14t =时,ππsin()1123t +=-. 于是()f t 在[0,24)上取得最大值12,取得最小值8.故实验室这一天最高温度为12 ℃,最低温度为8 ℃,最大温差为4 ℃.19.(Ⅰ)设数列{}n a 的公差为d ,依题意,2,2d +,24d +成等比数列,故有2(2)2(24)d d +=+,化简得240d d -=,解得0d =或d =4. 当0d =时,2n a =;当d =4时,2(1)442n a n n =+-⋅=-,从而得数列{}n a 的通项公式为2n a =或42n a n =-.(Ⅱ)当2n a =时,2n S n =. 显然260800n n <+,此时不存在正整数n ,使得60800n S n >+成立. 当42n a n =-时,2[2(42)]22n n n S n +-==.令2260800n n >+,即2304000n n -->, 解得40n >或10n <-(舍去),此时存在正整数n ,使得60800n S n >+成立,n 的最小值为41. 综上,当2n a =时,不存在满足题意的n ;当42n a n =-时,存在满足题意的n ,其最小值为41.20.证明:(Ⅰ)连接AD 1,由1111ABCD A B C D -是正方体,知AD 1∥BC 1,因为F ,P 分别是AD ,1DD 的中点,所以FP ∥AD 1. 从而BC 1∥FP .而FP ⊂平面EFPQ ,且1BC ⊄平面EFPQ ,故直线1BC ∥平面EFPQ .(Ⅱ)如图,连接AC ,BD ,则AC BD ⊥.由1CC ⊥平面ABCD ,BD ⊂平面ABCD ,可得1CC BD ⊥. 又1AC CC C = ,所以BD ⊥平面1ACC .而1AC ⊂平面1ACC ,所以1BD AC ⊥. 因为M ,N 分别是11A B ,11A D 的中点,所以MN ∥BD ,从而1MN AC ⊥. 同理可证1PN AC ⊥. 又PN MN N = ,所以直线1AC ⊥平面PQMN .21.(Ⅰ)函数()f x 的定义域为()∞0,+.因为ln ()x f x x =,所以21ln ()x f x x -'=. 当()0f x '>,即0e x <<时,函数()f x 单调递增; 当()0f x '<,即e x >时,函数()f x 单调递减.第20题解答图QBEMN ACD 1C () F 1D1A1BP故函数()f x 的单调递增区间为(0,e),单调递减区间为(e,)+∞. (Ⅱ)因为e 3π<<,所以eln 3eln π<,πln e πln 3<,即e e ln 3ln π<,ππln e ln 3<.于是根据函数ln y x =,e x y =,πx y =在定义域上单调递增,可得 e e 33ππ<<,3ππe e 3<<.故这6个数的最大数在3π与π3之中,最小数在e 3与3e 之中. 由e 3π<<及(Ⅰ)的结论,得(π)(3)(e)f f f <<,即ln πln3lneπ3e<<. 由ln πln3π3<,得3πln πln 3<,所以π33π>; 由ln 3ln e3e<,得e 3ln 3ln e <,所以e 33e <. 综上,6个数中的最大数是π3,最小数是e 3.22.(Ⅰ)设点(,)M x y ,依题意得||||1MF x =+,即22(1)||1x y x -+=+,化简整理得22(||)y x x =+.故点M 的轨迹C 的方程为24,0,0,0.x x y x ≥⎧=⎨<⎩(Ⅱ)在点M 的轨迹C 中,记1:C 24y x =,2:C 0(0)y x =<.依题意,可设直线l 的方程为1(2).y k x -=+由方程组21(2),4,y k x y x -=+⎧⎨=⎩ 可得244(21)0.ky y k -++= ①(1)当0k =时,此时 1.y = 把1y =代入轨迹C 的方程,得14x =. 故此时直线:1l y =与轨迹C 恰好有一个公共点1(,1)4.(2)当0k ≠时,方程①的判别式为216(21)k k ∆=-+-. ②设直线l 与x 轴的交点为0(,0)x ,则 由1(2)y k x -=+,令0y =,得021k x k+=-. ③ (ⅰ)若00,0,x ∆<⎧⎨<⎩ 由②③解得1k <-,或12k >.即当1(,1)(,)2k ∈-∞-+∞ 时,直线l 与1C 没有公共点,与2C 有一个公共点,故此时直线l 与轨迹C 恰好有一个公共点.(ⅱ)若00,0,x ∆=⎧⎨<⎩ 或00,0,x ∆>⎧⎨≥⎩ 由②③解得1{1,}2k ∈-,或102k -≤<.即当1{1,}2k ∈-时,直线l 与1C 只有一个公共点,与2C 有一个公共点.当1[,0)2k ∈-时,直线l 与1C 有两个公共点,与2C 没有公共点.故当11[,0){1,}22k ∈-- 时,直线l 与轨迹C 恰好有两个公共点.(ⅲ)若00,0,x ∆>⎧⎨<⎩ 由②③解得112k -<<-,或102k <<.即当11(1,)(0,)22k ∈-- 时,直线l 与1C 有两个公共点,与2C 有一个公共点,故此时直线l 与轨迹C 恰好有三个公共点.综合(1)(2)可知,当1(,1)(,){0}2k ∈-∞-+∞ 时,直线l 与轨迹C 恰好有一个公共点;当11[,0){1,}22k ∈-- 时,直线l 与轨迹C 恰好有两个公共点;当11(1,)(0,)22k ∈-- 时,直线l 与轨迹C 恰好有三个公共点.。
2014年湖北武汉九年级四月调考英语(含解析)
##省##市部分学校2014届九年级四月调研测试英语试卷第1卷〔选择题共85分〕第一部分听力部分一、听力测试〔共三节〕第一节〔共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分〕听下面5个问题,每个问题后有三个答语,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每个问题后,你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题.每个问题仅读一遍.1.A. My classmate.B. Friendly.C. Sixteen years old.2.A. Very dirty.B. A note.C. It’s brown.3.A. It’s fast.B. At 8:00 am.C. It’s crowded.4.A. It’s heavy.B. Too big.C. The one on the bed.5.A. I’m nodding.B. A lot of hair.C. Better, thanks.第二节〔共7题,每小题1分,满分7分〕听下面7段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.6.What is Kate’s mother?A. A doctor.B. A nurse.C. A patient.7.Where is the man?A. In the cinema.B. On the farm.C. At a store.8.How is the man going to the museum?A. By bike.B. On foot.C. By bus.9.What are the- two people?A. Teacher and student.B. Father and daughter.C. Doctor and patient.10.What does the woman think of the dress?A. The color is a bit light.B. The size is not OK.C. The dress is too short.11.What is the man going to do?A. Go to swim.B. Buy some paper.C. Do some work.12.What does Mary mean?A. She agrees with the man.B. She has a better idea.C. She doesn’t care.第三节〔共13小题,每小题1分,满分13分〕听下面4段对话或独自,每段对话或独自后有几个小题,从题中所给的’A、B、c:三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话和独自前,你将有时间阅读各个小题;每小题5,秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独自读两遍.听下面一段材料,回答13 -15题.13.What can we know about the woman?A. She knew the man well.B. She worried about the bike.C. She repaired the bike.14.What happened to the bike?A. It was knocked down.B. It was badly broken.C. It was sold to the woman.15.Who checked the bike?A. Nobody did.B. The woman did,C. The man did.听下面一段材料,回答16 -18题.16.What is the woman going to do?A. To have lunch.B. To ask about time,C. To buy two tables.17.How many people will be at the restaurant?A. Two.B. Three.C. Eight.18.What is the woman’s first name?A. Kate.B. RoseC. Green.听下面一段材料,回答19 – 22题.19.What are these two speakers mainly talking about?A. New Year’s Day.B. Christmas Day.C. Chinese Spring Festival.20.Where-do children hang their stockings?A. Over the fireplace.B. In the Christmas tree.C. Beside the fireplace.21.Who do the children think will fill their stockings?A. Father Christmas.B. Their parents.C. Their friends.22.What will David do on Christmas?A. Study at home.B. Watch TV.C. Visit a foreigner’s family.听下面一段材料,回答23 – 25题.23. Where does Dashan study now?A. At a university in Germany.B. At a university in China.C. In a Chinese school at his home city24. When does Dashan have some difficulty understanding Chinese?A. When talking with Chinese people.B. When listening to Chinese talk to him.C. When listening to Chinese talk to each other.25.How many Chinese cities has Dashan visited?A. Just a few.B. Three.C. Quite a lot.二、选择填空〔本题共15分,每小题1分〕将代表最佳答案的字母在答题卡上相应的位置涂黑.26. – We’ll travel to different places in this summer vacation. Enjoy your trip!- ______.A. Me, tooB. Yes, I’d love toC. The same to youD. Very well, thank you27.Tom’s a taxi driver, _____he really wants to be a singer.A. orB. andC. soD. but28.– Do you know if Jack will drive to New York this weekend?- Jack? Never! He ______driving so far.A. has hatedB. will hateC. hatedD. hates29.- A. nice shirt! A present?- Yes, it is. My aunt ______it to me for my last birthday.A. was sendingB. had sentC. will sendD. sent30.– Is Mr. Smith in the office?- No, He______to the library.A. goesB. had goneC. has goneD. would go31.– Excuse me, can I park my car here?- Yes, you can park on ______side of the street.A. anotherB. bothC. eitherD. neither32.- Oh you sound just like an Englishman.- ______, I still have trouble expressing myself.A. Yes, you’re rightB. Well, not quite like thatC. I don’t mindD. You’re welcome33.– We’d better invite Tom and Kate to the party tonight.- Yes, ______? I’ll give them a call right now.A. whyB. why notC. what forD. how34.Although he failed this time, he didn’t give up and ______studying hard.A. stoppedB. continuedC. succeededD. finished35.- Why are you so ______, Helen?- I thought I had lost my purse, but I didn’t. I found it in my study!A. angryB. happyC. sad D. nervous36.- Is there any ______for two chairs in the office?- Yes, I think so.A. groundB. floorC. spaceD. area37.- How was the performance last night?- It was so good. Though it ______nearly four hours, few people left early.A. coveredB. reachedC. lastedD. played38.I was late for school because my alarm clock didn’t ______this morning.A. go onB. go offC. go awayD. go up39.-______you leave so soon?-Yes. I have to catch my plane.A. CanB. WouldC. ShouldD. Must40.– What did that lady ask you just now?- She asked me______.A. who was I waiting forB. whether could I help herC. how she could get to the bus stopD. what has happened三、完形填空〔本题共15分,每小题1分〕阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从41 – 55各题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案.Luke says, "At first I was shocked that somebody would do such a thing, but then I saw Jenifer’s <41> and knew that I had to do something. I jumped up and started chasing him down the street and calling‘Thief, stop !’but nobody seemed <42> in stopping him. They were too busy staring, like it was a <43> or something. Luckily, I play soccer for the school team, so I’ve been training all year and I’m in pretty good shape, so I <44> to catch up with him on Third Avenue and knocked him down. Once he was on the <45> I sat on top of him and waited for the police to come. I know that people say you shouldn’t do that kind of thing, <46> you never know what the person can do to you, but I didn’t think about that at the time. I was too <47>.〞However, Jennifer is not the only one who’s grateful for Luke’s bravery. After police had arrested<送签捕> the thief, they <48> his apartment and found over a hundred stolen cell phones and, perhaps more <49> , an address book full of names of various criminal contacts<犯罪联络>, most of whom have now been brought in for <50> as police try to break a growing ring of cell phone criminals.Cell phone theft<盗窃>is only one of a number of technology –related crimes that police say are on the rise. Businesspeople have been told to be extra <51> with their notebook computers, which are an easy target<目标> for criminals, and new police apartments are being set up to <52> crimes. In the last week alone, the New York Police Department has <53> over six hundred calls from people relating to one of the above crimes.Thanks to Luke’s bravery and quick thinking, Jennifer didn’t <54> one of those victims <受害者> , and she knows <55> she’s going to thank Luke - by taking him for another meal at the same Indian restaurant. This time, however, she’s going to keep her cell phone in her purse.41.A. purseB. phoneC. headD. face42.A. pleasedB. frightenedC. interestedD. excited43.A. gameB. movieC. storyD. joke44.A. managedB. triedC. hopedD. meant45.A. floorB. grassC. groundD. bed46.A. becauseB. soC. ifD. although47.A. nervousB. sadC. brave.D. angry48.A. broke B. searchedC. soldD. discovered49.A. importantB. commonC. similarD. dangerous50.A. questioningB. testingC. pretendingD. stealing51.A. seriousB. safeC. patientD. careful52.A. care forB. deal withC. think aboutD. belong to53.A. madeB. checkedC. receivedD. refused54.A. troubleB. offerC. becomeD. believe55.A. whyB. howC. whenD. whether四、阅读理解〔本题共30分,每小题2分〕阅读下列短文,从每题所给四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案.A56.We can read the above material mostly______.A. on TVB. in the newspaperC. in a school reportD. in the hike factory57.From the reading we know the shop sells______.A. only bikesB. only the parts of bikesC. bikes and other itemsD. only car parts besides bikes58.It’s clear that‘WILCO’refers to <指> ______;A. the boss of the main shopB. the main shopsC. the brand of the bikeD. the summer sale59.If you go to any of WILCO shops on Sundays, you have to______.A. call number 012223 414825B. pay more than &69.99 for one bikeC. visit wilcomall wilco-fastlift. co. ukD. arrive at it before 4:00 p. m.60.In this advertisement we cannot know______.A. the information about bikesB. the e-mail address of the main shopC. the time the shops open on weekdaysD. whether customers can easily park at all WILCO shopsBThere is a saying, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away.〞Although eating properly is important, being kind to others is also good tor your health. Studies show that people who perform kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people.In one study at Arizona State University researchers, found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of calm, after performing a kind act. This feeling, called "a help’s high〞may actually help reduce stress <压力> as the body releases <释放> naturally painkillers.Stress can cause’ serious health problems, and heart depression, and .sleeping problems. However, the study found that volunteers had fewer *stress-related health problems when they did helpful things for other people.The study also found that people who did nice things for others felt better about themselves as well. They had higher self-esteem <自尊>, and were’ happier. Many believe this is because volunteers spend more of their time with other people. People who are more outgoing are often healthier.Another study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center confirmed the health benefits of volunteering.A ten-year study showed that people who volunteered live longer than those who didn’t. Although you shouldn’t need a reason to be helpful, it is nice to know that kindness may help you live longer.61.The reading is mainly about ______.A. healthy people are kind because they have more energyB. one has to eat an apple every day to become healthyC. kind people can be stressed because they are always helpingD. doing kind things can make you feel good and help you he healthier62.According to the reading ______.A. it is better to be kind than to eat wellB. kindness can help you feel healthyC. an apple a day can keep doctors awayD. eating correctly makes one happy and healthy63.You can get a help’s high ______.A. by volunteering your timeB. by taking painkillersC. by eating properlyD. by sleeping well64.The study found that people who help others can have ______.A. sleeping problems and stressB. less natural painkillersC. overeating and depression problemsD. fewer health problems65.Another study of almost 3 ,000 men showed that people who volunteered _____.A. lived longerB. needed a reason to be helpfulC. wanted to live longerD. had lower self-esteemCSarah ran in, shouting, "Look what I found!〞Over the top of the paper I was reading; came a terrible thing thatcaused me to jump. It was a snake skin found in our garden."Isn’t it beautiful?〞said my seven-year-old daughter.I opened my eyes widely and looked at the snake skin in fear. I didn’t think it was beautiful, but I learned never to appear nonchalant<冷漠的>with children. Everything they see for the first time is important to their sense of beauty; they see only excellence in the world."Why does it do this?〞Sarah asked."Snakes shed<蜕> their skins because they need to renew themselves,〞I explained."Why do they need to renew themselves?〞Sarah asked."We often need to shed our skins, those coatings that we cover ourselves with,〞I said to my daughter. "We leave some things and find other thing unwanted or unnecessary. This snake no longer needs this skin. It is probably too little for him, and he probably doesn’t think he looks as smart in it as he once did. "As we talked, I knew that she began to understand. Although she couldn’t understand clearly, she would know that renewal is part of progress; that we need to take a good look at ourselves, our rooms, schoolwork and spirit, and see what we need to keep and what we need to leave. I was careful to tell that this is a natural way, not one to be forced."Snakes don’t peel off their skins when they like them. "I explained. "It happens as a natural thing of their growth. ""I see, Dad,〞said Sarah as she held the snake skin, and then ran off.I hoped she would remember this; we need to throw some away because they are worthless or unnecessary. Then we can store them as memories m our deep hearts.66.Father jumped up when her daughter came to him with a snake skin because ______.A. he didn’t want to read any moreB. he was in great fear of itC. he wanted to praised her daughterD. he hated snakes67.Father’s patient explanation shows that ______.A. his daughter didn’t want to listen to him at allB. he knew children saw only excellence in the worldC. his daughter couldn’t follow him at allD. he wanted to teach everything to her 68.In this reading the underlined word ‘renew’means ______.A. to begin to do something againB. to make something newer than beforeC. to replace something old with something newD. to cover something old with something new 69.We learn from the reading that______.A. the girl seemed to understand what her father saidB. the girl wasn’t interested in the explanationC. the father was good at raising snakesD. the father liked the snake skin better70.Which of the following titles is the best for the reading?A. Snake SkinB. Renew OurselvesC. Father and GirlD. Great Discovery第Ⅱ卷〔非选择题共35分〕五、词与短语选择填空〔本题共10分,每小题2分〕仔细阅读下面五个句子,然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空,使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确.〔提示:选项中有一个是多余的.〕71. The best way to improve your English is to ___an English club.72. Be quiet please, class. I’m going to__ your test papers.73. Mr. Tan makes the best noodle in town. They’re _____!74. There’s a __smell in the house. Do you know what it is?75. Could you ___me with information about student exchange programs?六、阅读理解填词〔本题共10分,每小题1分〕先阅读短文,再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式.单词的第一个字母已给出.In 1993, Greg Mortenson took a trip to Pakistan to climb K2, the second tallest mountain in the world. On his way down the mountain, he got l <76>. Food and water were hard to find, but Mr. Mortenson found a small village. The people there saw that he was in n <77> and helped him. While in the village, Mr. Mortenson w<78> the children write in the dirt for their school l<79>.The village did not have money to build a school or pay for a t<80>,Before he left, Mr., Mortensonvolunteered to r< 81> to the village and help them build a schoolMr. Mortenson went back to the US and wrote to many rich people. He asked them to d <82> money to build a bridge and a school for the village. The I <83> did not work very well, but at last e <84> people heard about Mr. Mortenson’s plan and helped him. That was the beginning of the Central Asia Institute, an organization that has succeeded in building or helping to build more than 130 schools in small villages in Pakistan and Afghanistan With the help of journalist David Relin, Mr. Mortenson wrote the famous book Three Cups of Tea. It is about his work with villages in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Some people have criticized him, however, Mr. Mortenson was given a p<85> in 2009 by the government of Pakistan for his work in the country.七、书面表达〔本大题15分〕假如你是李明.明天是周六,你给汉口某校的外教史密斯打,邀请他到武昌游玩.内容要点如下:1.乘2号线地铁到洪山广场,你们在那里见面;2.明天会很热,轻装;3.穿运动鞋,游东湖,爬山;4.请你补充交代一两件事.要求:1.不要逐条翻译,内容要连贯.2.词数:60-800 .参考词汇:the subway〔地铁〕square 〔广场〕sports shoes 〔运动鞋〕开头和结束语已给出:Is Smith there? Hi, this is Li Ming.-I’d like to invite you to Wuchang to get relaxed tomorrow.See you tomorrow.参考答案一、听力测试1-5ABBCC 6-10 BCACB 11-15 CBBAC 16-20 ACBBA 21-25 ACBCC二、选择填空26-30C DDDC 31- 35 CBBBB 36-40 CCBDC三、完形填空41-45B CBAC 46-50 ADBAA 51-55 DBCCB四、阅读理解56-60B CBDC 61-65 DBADA 66-70 BBCAB五、词与短语选择填空71. join 72. give out 73. delicious 74. strange 75. provide六、阅读理解填词76. lost 77. need 78. watch 79. lessons 80. teacher 81. return 82. donates 83.ideas 84.enough85.prizes七、书面表达As you know, the famous East Lake is very beautiful in China. I’d like to show you around it. Then we will climb Moshan.We will walk a lot, so you’d better wear your s ports shoes.You take the No 2 subway to Hongshan Square at about 8 tomorrow morning. I will meet you there. And it seems to be very hot tomorrow, don’t wear too much. By the way, don’t forget you camera.参考答案解析单项填空26. 考查情景交际用语.祝对方假期愉快的同时,对方也祝福自己假期愉快,故选C.27. 考查连词.身份是出租车司机,但却想成为歌手,故选D.28. 考查动词时态.根据前句中的关键词never可以得知Jack现在的惯常性的爱好并不是开车,故选D.29. 考查动词时态.根据时间状语for my last birthday可以得知,故选D.30. 考查动词时态,Mr. Smith不在办公室,说明他已经出去了,故选C.31. 考查不定代词.由于是肯定回答,同意开车的人在街道的任意一边停车,故选C.32. 考查情景交际用语.你的口音听起来像英国人,回答者说自己还没有达到那个程度,通过后句我还是在表达上有些吃力得知,故选B.33. 考查交际用语.同意对方的观点,故选B.34. 考查非谓语.根据前句提到他尽管失败了,但是他没有放弃,故选B.35. 考查形容词,根据答句说在书房里发现了钱包,所以很开心,故选B.36. 考查名词.句中指是否有空间为办公室添置两X椅子,故选C.37. 考查动词.根据后句中提到的几乎没有人提前离场得知,故选C.38. 考查动词短语.go off指〔闹钟〕响了,故符合句意.go on指持续;go away指离开;go up指上涨,均不符合句意.39. 考查情态动词.must在句中指"非得〞的含义,故选D.40. 考查宾语从句.根据宾语从句的时态保持一致和从句应用陈述语序得知,故选C.完形填空41. Luke说他看见了Jennifer的手机被小偷盯上了,于是他必须要采取点行动,故选B.42.每个人似乎没有兴趣阻止小偷,而是盯着看,故选C.43. 那些亲眼目睹者把Luke追小偷的场景当作电影来欣赏,故选B.44. Luke在足球队训练的经历让他成功抓住了小偷,故选A.45. 当小偷栽倒在地上,Luke就骑在小偷身上等警察来,故选C.46. 许多人劝Luke别好管闲事,因为你不知道对方会做出何种过激的反应,故选A.47. Luke说他当时没有想过,因为他非常的生气,故选D.48. 指代前句中的thief,故选B.49. 同上句形成递进关系,故选A.50. 薄上许多犯罪联系人被传讯审问,故选A.51. 警察告知商人要尤其注意自己的手提电脑,它们极有可能成为罪犯关注的目标,故选D.52. 新建警局是为了应对不断增长的犯罪活动,故选B.care for指照顾;think about指考虑;belong to指属于,均不符合题意.53. 举个例子说纽约警局接到跟手提电脑被窃有关的多达600个,故选C.54. 由于Luke的英勇行为,Jennifer的手机最终没有被小偷偷走,故选C.55. Jennifer明白该如何感谢Luke, 故选B.阅读理解A篇56. 考查事实细节题.这则广告应该是截取自报纸,故选B.57. 考查事实细节题.根据报纸上的关键词wheels和twist grip以与配图上的自行车得知,故选C.58. 考查词义推断题.Wilco是自行车售卖店, 故选B.59. 考查事实细节题.根据广告中的这句话open Sundays 9:30am to 4:00pm得知,故选D.60. 考查事实细节题.报纸中没有提到平时营业的时间,故选C.B篇61. 考查主旨大意题.首段引出people who perform kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people.这个主题句,接着通过两个研究来证明这个主题句,故选D.62. 考查事实细节题.根据两个研究发现得知,故选B.63. 考查事实细节题.根据第二段第一句many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of calm, after performing a kind act. This feeling, called "a help’s high〞得知,故选A.64. 考查事实细节题.根据第三段第二句volunteers had fewer *stress-related health problems when they did helpful things for other people.得知,故选D.65. 考查事实细节题.根据第五段第二句A ten-year study showed that people who volunteered live longer than those who didn’t.得知,故选A.C篇66. 考查事实细节题.根据第一段第二句Over the top of the paper I was reading; came a terrible thing that caused me to jump. It was a snake skin found in our garden.得知父亲非常害怕,故选B.67. 考查事实细节题,根据第三段最后一句Everything they see for the first time is important to their sense of beauty; they see only excellence in the world.得知,故选B.68. 考查词义推断题.renew是一个增加前缀的动词,new本身是形容词,指新的,添加前缀re-表示再,符合句意,故选C.69. 考查事实细节题.通过第10段"I see, Dad,〞said Sarah as she held the snake skin, and then ran off.得知,故选A.70. 考查主旨大意题.蛇的蜕变象征着不断成长和改变,故选B.。
2014年湖北省高考数学试卷(理科)答案与解析
2014年湖北省高考数学试卷(理科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(5分)(2014•湖北)i为虚数单位,()2=()A.﹣1 B.1C.﹣i D.i2.(5分)(2014•湖北)若二项式(2x+)7的展开式中的系数是84,则实数a=()A.2B.C.1D.3.(5分)(2014•湖北)设U为全集,A,B是集合,则“存在集合C使得A⊆C,B⊆∁U C”是“A∩B=∅”的()A.充分而不必要的条件B.必要而不充分的条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件4.(5分)(2014•湖北)根据如下样本数据,得到回归方程=bx+a,则()x 3 4 5 6 7 8y 4.0 2.5 ﹣0.5 0.5 ﹣2.0 ﹣3.0A.a>0,b>0 B.a>0,b<0 C.a<0,b>0 D.a<0,b<05.(5分)(2014•湖北)在如图所示的空间直角坐标系O﹣xyz中,一个四面体的顶点坐标分别为(0,0,2),(2,2,0),(1,2,1),(2,2,2),给出的编号为①,②,③,④的四个图,则该四面体的正视图和俯视图分别为()A.①和②B.③和①C.④和③D.④和②6.(5分)(2014•湖北)若函数f(x),g(x)满足f(x)g(x)dx=0,则f(x),g(x)为区间[﹣1,1]上的一组正交函数,给出三组函数:①f(x)=sin x,g(x)=cos x;②f(x)=x+1,g(x)=x﹣1;③f(x)=x,g(x)=x2,其中为区间[﹣1,1]上的正交函数的组数是()A.0B.1C.2D.37.(5分)(2014•湖北)由不等式组确定的平面区域记为Ω1,不等式组确定的平面区域记为Ω2,在Ω1中随机取一点,则该点恰好在Ω2内的概率为()A.B.C.D.8.(5分)(2014•湖北)《算数书》竹简于上世纪八十年代在湖北省江陵县张家山出土,这是我国现存最早的有系统的数学典籍,其中记载有求“囷盖”的术:置如其周,令相乘也,又以高乘之,三十六成一,该术相当于给出了由圆锥的底面周长L与高h,计算其体积V的近似公式V≈L2h,它实际上是将圆锥体积公式中的圆周率π近似取为3,那么,近似公式V≈L2h相当于将圆锥体积公式中的π近似取为()A.B.C.D.9.(5分)(2014•湖北)已知F1,F2是椭圆和双曲线的公共焦点,P是它们的一个公共点.且∠F1PF2=,则椭圆和双曲线的离心率的倒数之和的最大值为()A.B.C.3D.210.(5分)(2014•湖北)已知函数f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,当x≥0时,f(x)=(|x﹣a2|+|x﹣2a2|﹣3a2),若∀x∈R,f(x﹣1)≤f(x),则实数a的取值范围为()A.[﹣,]B.[﹣,]C.[﹣,]D.[﹣,]二、填空题:本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.11.(5分)(2014•湖北)设向量=(3,3),=(1,﹣1),若(+λ)⊥(﹣λ),则实数λ=.12.(5分)(2014•湖北)直线l1:y=x+a和l2:y=x+b将单位圆C:x2+y2=1分成长度相等四段弧,则a2+b2=.13.(5分)(2014•湖北)设a是一个各位数字都不是0且没有重复数字三位数,将组成a的3个数字按从小到大排成的三位数记为I(a),按从大到小排成的三位数记为D(a)(例如a=815,则I(a)=158,D(a)=851),阅读如图所示的程序框图,运行相应的程序,任意输入一个a,输出的结果b=.三、解答题14.(2014•湖北)设f(x)是定义在(0,+∞)上的函数,且f(x)>0,对任意a>0,b>0,若经过点(a,f(a)),(b,﹣f(b))的直线与x轴的交点为(c,0),则称c为关于函数f(x)的平均数,记为M f(a,b),例如,当f(x)=1(x>0)时,可得M f(a,b)=c=,即M f(a,b)为a,b的算术平均数.(1)当f(x)=(x>0)时,M f(a,b)为a,b的几何平均数;(2)当f(x)=(x>0)时,M f(a,b)为a,b的调和平均数;(以上两空各只需写出一个符合要求的函数即可)15.(2014•湖北)如图,P为⊙O外一点,过P点作⊙O的两条切线,切点分别为A,B,过PA的中点Q作割线交⊙O于C,D两点,若QC=1,CD=3,则PB=.16.(2014•湖北)已知曲线C1的参数方程是(t为参数),以坐标原点为极点,x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线C2的极坐标方程是ρ=2,则C1与C2交点的直角坐标为.17.(11分)(2014•湖北)某实验室一天的温度(单位:℃)随时间t(单位:h)的变化近似满足函数关系:f(t)=10﹣,t∈[0,24)(Ⅰ)求实验室这一天的最大温差;(Ⅱ)若要求实验室温度不高于11℃,则在哪段时间实验室需要降温?18.(12分)(2014•湖北)已知等差数列{a n}满足:a1=2,且a1,a2,a5成等比数列.(Ⅰ)求数列{a n}的通项公式;(Ⅱ)记S n为数列{a n}的前n项和,是否存在正整数n,使得S n>60n+800?若存在,求n的最小值;若不存在,说明理由.19.(12分)(2014•湖北)如图,在棱长为2的正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,E,F,M,N分别是棱AB,AD,A1B1,A1D1的中点,点P,Q分别在棱DD1,BB1上移动,且DP=BQ=λ(0<λ<2)(Ⅰ)当λ=1时,证明:直线BC1∥平面EFPQ;(Ⅱ)是否存在λ,使面EFPQ与面PQMN所成的二面角为直二面角?若存在,求出λ的值;若不存在,说明理由.20.(12分)(2014•湖北)计划在某水库建一座至多安装3台发电机的水电站,过去50年的水文资料显示,水库年入流量X(年入流量:一年内上游来水与库区降水之和.单位:亿立方米)都在40以上,其中,不足80的年份有10年,不低于80且不超过120的年份有35年,超过120的年份有5年,将年入流量在以上三段的频率作为相应段的概率,假设各年的年入流量相互独立.(Ⅰ)求未来4年中,至多有1年的年入流量超过120的概率;(Ⅱ)水电站希望安装的发电机尽可能运行,但每年发电机最多可运行台数受年入流量X限制,并有如下关系:年入流量X 40<X<80 80≤X≤120 X>120发电机最多可运行台数1 2 3若某台发电机运行,则该台年利润为5000万元,若某台发电机未运行,则该台年亏损800万元,欲使水电站年总利润的均值达到最大,应安装发电机多少台?21.(14分)(2014•湖北)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点M到点F(1,0)的距离比它到y轴的距离多1,记点M 的轨迹为C.(Ⅰ)求轨迹C的方程;(Ⅱ)设斜率为k的直线l过定点P(﹣2,1),求直线l与轨迹C恰好有一个公共点、两个公共点、三个公共点时k的相应取值范围.22.(14分)(2014•湖北)π为圆周率,e=2.71828…为自然对数的底数.(Ⅰ)求函数f(x)=的单调区间;(Ⅱ)求e3,3e,eπ,πe,3π,π3这6个数中的最大数和最小数;(Ⅲ)将e3,3e,eπ,πe,3π,π3这6个数按从小到大的顺序排列,并证明你的结论.2014年湖北省高考数学试卷(理科)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(5分)考点:复数代数形式的乘除运算.专题:计算题;数系的扩充和复数.分析:可先计算出的值,再计算平方的值.解答:解:由于,所以,()2=(﹣i)2=﹣1故选A.点评:本题考查复数代数形式的计算,属于容易题2.(5分)考点:二项式定理的应用.专题:二项式定理.分析:利用二项式定理的展开式的通项公式,通过x幂指数为﹣3,求出a即可.解答:解:二项式(2x+)7的展开式即(+2x)7的展开式中x﹣3项的系数为84,所以T r+1==,令﹣7+2r=﹣3,解得r=2,代入得:,解得a=1,故选:C.点评:本题考查二项式定理的应用,特定项的求法,基本知识的考查.3.(5分)考点:充要条件;集合的包含关系判断及应用.专题:集合;简易逻辑.分析:通过集合的包含关系,以及充分条件和必要条件的判断,推出结果.解答:解:由题意A⊆C,则∁U C⊆∁U A,当B⊆∁U C,可得“A∩B=∅”;若“A∩B=∅”能推出存在集合C使得A⊆C,B⊆∁U C,∴U为全集,A,B是集合,则“存在集合C使得A⊆C,B⊆∁U C”是“A∩B=∅”的充分必要的条件.故选:C.点评:本题考查集合与集合的关系,充分条件与必要条件的判断,是基础题.4.(5分)考点:线性回归方程.专题:概率与统计.分析:通过样本数据表,容易判断回归方程中,b、a的符号.解答:解:由题意可知:回归方程经过的样本数据对应的点附近,是减函数,所以b<0,且回归方程经过(3,4)与(4,3.5)附近,所以a>0.故选:B.点评:本题考查回归方程的应用,基本知识的考查.5.(5分)考点:简单空间图形的三视图.专题:计算题;空间位置关系与距离.分析:在坐标系中,标出已知的四个点,根据三视图的画图规则,可得结论.解答:解:在坐标系中,标出已知的四个点,根据三视图的画图规则,可得三棱锥的正视图和俯视图分别为④②,故选:D.点评:本题考查三视图的画法,做到心中有图形,考查空间想象能力,是基础题.6.(5分)考点:微积分基本定理.专题:综合题;导数的综合应用.分析:利用新定义,对每组函数求积分,即可得出结论.解答:解:对于①:[sin x•cos x]dx=(sinx)dx=cosx=0,∴f(x),g(x)为区间[﹣1,1]上的一组正交函数;对于②:(x+1)(x﹣1)dx=(x2﹣1)dx=()≠0,∴f(x),g(x)不为区间[﹣1,1]上的一组正交函数;对于③:x3dx=()=0,∴f(x),g(x)为区间[﹣1,1]上的一组正交函数,∴正交函数有2组,故选:C.点评:本题考查新定义,考查微积分基本定理的运用,属于基础题.7.(5分)考点:几何概型;简单线性规划.专题:概率与统计.分析:作出不等式组对应的平面区域,求出对应的面积,利用几何槪型的概率公式即可得到结论.解答:解:平面区域Ω1,为三角形AOB,面积为,平面区域Ω2,为四边形BDCO,其中C(0,1),由,解得,即D(,),则三角形ACD的面积S==,则四边形BDCO的面积S=,则在Ω1中随机取一点,则该点恰好在Ω2内的概率为,故选:D.点评:本题主要考查几何槪型的概率计算,利用线性规划的知识求出对应的区域和面积是解决本题的关键.8.(5分)考点:棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积.专题:计算题;空间位置关系与距离.分析:根据近似公式V≈L2h,建立方程,即可求得结论.解答:解:设圆锥底面圆的半径为r,高为h,则L=(2πr)2,∴=(2πr)2h,∴π=.故选:B.点评:本题考查圆锥体积公式,考查学生的阅读理解能力,属于基础题.9.(5分)考点:椭圆的简单性质;余弦定理;双曲线的简单性质.专题:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.分析:根据双曲线和椭圆的性质和关系,结合余弦定理即可得到结论.解答:解:设椭圆的长半轴为a,双曲线的实半轴为a1,(a>a1),半焦距为c,由椭圆和双曲线的定义可知,设|PF1|=r1,|PF2|=r2,|F1F2|=2c,椭圆和双曲线的离心率分布为e1,e2∵∠F1PF2=,∴由余弦定理可得4c2=(r1)2+(r2)2﹣2r1r2cos,①在椭圆中,①化简为即4c2=4a12+3r1r2,即,②在双曲线中,①化简为即4c2=4a22+r1r2,即,③联立②③得,=4,由柯西不等式得(1+)()≥(1×+)2,即()=即,d当且仅当时取等号,故选:A点评:本题主要考查椭圆和双曲线的定义和性质,利用余弦定理和柯西不等式是解决本题的关键.难度较大.10.(5分)考点:函数恒成立问题;函数奇偶性的判断;函数最值的应用.专题:函数的性质及应用;不等式的解法及应用.分析:把x≥0时的f(x)改写成分段函数,求出其最小值,由函数的奇偶性可得x<0时的函数的最大值,由对∀x∈R,都有f(x﹣1)≤f(x),可得2a2﹣(﹣4a2)≤1,求解该不等式得答案.解答:解:当x≥0时,f(x)=,由f(x)=x﹣3a2,x>2a2,得f(x)>﹣a2;当a2<x<2a2时,f(x)=﹣a2;由f(x)=﹣x,0≤x≤a2,得f(x)≥﹣a2.∴当x>0时,.∵函数f(x)为奇函数,∴当x<0时,.∵对∀x∈R,都有f(x﹣1)≤f(x),∴2a2﹣(﹣4a2)≤1,解得:.故实数a的取值范围是.故选:B.点评:本题考查了恒成立问题,考查了函数奇偶性的性质,运用了数学转化思想方法,解答此题的关键是由对∀x∈R,都有f(x﹣1)≤f(x)得到不等式2a2﹣(﹣4a2)≤1,是中档题.二、填空题:本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.11.(5分)(2014•湖北)考点:数量积判断两个平面向量的垂直关系.专题:平面向量及应用.分析:根据向量垂直与向量坐标之间的关系建立方程关系,即可得到结论.解答:解:∵向量=(3,3),=(1,﹣1),∴向量||=3,||=,向量•=3﹣3=0,若(+λ)⊥((﹣λ)),则(+λ)•((﹣λ)=,即18﹣2λ2=0,则λ2=9,解得λ=±3,故答案为:±3,点评:本题主要考查向量垂直的坐标公式的应用,比较基础.12.(5分)(2014•湖北)考点:直线与圆的位置关系;点到直线的距离公式.专题:直线与圆.分析:由题意可得,圆心(0,0)到两条直线的距离相等,且每段弧长都是圆周的,即==cos45°,由此求得a2+b2的值.解答:解:由题意可得,圆心(0,0)到两条直线的距离相等,且每段弧长都是圆周的,∴==cos45°=,∴a2+b2=2,故答案为:2.点评:本题主要考查直线和圆的位置关系,点到直线的距离公式的应用,得到∴==cos45°=,是解题的关键,属于基础题.13.(5分)考点:程序框图.专题:计算题;算法和程序框图.分析:给出一个三位数的a值,实验模拟运行程序,直到满足条件,确定输出的a值,可得答案.解答:解:由程序框图知:例当a=123,第一次循环a=123,b=321﹣123=198;第二次循环a=198,b=981﹣189=792;第三次循环a=792,b=972﹣279=693;第四次循环a=693,b=963﹣369=594;第五次循环a=594,b=954﹣459=495;第六次循环a=495,b=954﹣459=495,满足条件a=b,跳出循环体,输出b=495.故答案为:495.点评:本题通过新定义题型考查了循环结构的程序框图,根据框图的流程模拟运行程序是解答此类问题的常用方法.三、解答题14.(2014•湖北)考点:平均值不等式.专题:不等式的解法及应用.分析:(1)设f(x)=,(x>0),在经过点(a,)、(b,﹣)的直线方程中,令y=0,求得x=c=,从而得出结论.(2)设f(x)=x,(x>0),在经过点(a,a)、(b,﹣b)的直线方程中,令y=0,求得x=c=,从而得出结论.解答:解:(1)设f(x)=,(x>0),则经过点(a,)、(b,﹣)的直线方程为=,令y=0,求得x=c=,∴当f(x)=,(x>0)时,M f(a,b)为a,b的几何平均数,故答案为:.(2)设f(x)=x,(x>0),则经过点(a,a)、(b,﹣b)的直线方程为=,令y=0,求得x=c=,∴当f(x)=x(x>0)时,M f(a,b)为a,b的调和平均数,故答案为:x.点评:本题主要考查新定义,用两点式求直线的方程,属于中档题.15.(2014•湖北)考点:与圆有关的比例线段.专题:选作题;几何证明.分析:利用切割线定理可得QA2=QC•QD,可求QA,可得PA,利用圆的切线长定理,可得PB.解答:解:∵QA是⊙O的切线,∴QA2=QC•QD,∵QC=1,CD=3,∴QA2=4,∴QA=2,∴PA=4,∵PA,PB是⊙O的切线,∴PB=PA=4.故答案为:4.点评:本题考查圆的切线长定理,考查切割线定理,考查学生的计算能力,属于基础题.16.(2014•湖北)考点:点的极坐标和直角坐标的互化;参数方程化成普通方程.专题:直线与圆.分析:把参数方程、极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程,再把两曲线的方程联立方程组求得C1与C2交点的直角坐标.解答:解:把曲线C1的参数方程是(t为参数),消去参数化为直角坐标方程为x2=3y2(x≥0,y≥0).曲线C2的极坐标方程是ρ=2,化为直角坐标方程为x2+y2=4.解方程组,求得,∴C1与C2交点的直角坐标为(,1),故答案为:(,1).点评:本题主要考查把参数方程、极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程的方法,求两条曲线的交点,属于基础题.17.(11分)考点:函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)的图象变换.专题:三角函数的图像与性质.分析:(Ⅰ)利用两角和差的正弦公式化简函数解析式为f(t)10﹣2sin(t+),t∈[0,24),利用正弦函数的定义域和值域求得f(x)的最大值及最小值,可得实验室这一天的最大温差.(Ⅱ)由题意可得,当f(t)>11时,需要降温,由f(t)>11,求得sin(t+)<﹣,即≤t+<,解得t的范围,可得结论.解答:解:(Ⅰ)∵f(t)=10﹣=10﹣2sin(t+),t∈[0,24),∴≤t+<,故当t+=时,函数取得最大值为10+2=12,当t+=时,函数取得最小值为10﹣2=8,故实验室这一天的最大温差为12﹣8=4℃.(Ⅱ)由题意可得,当f(t)>11时,需要降温,由(Ⅰ)可得f(t)=10﹣2sin(t+),由10﹣2sin(t+)>11,求得sin(t+)<﹣,即≤t+<,解得10<t<18,即在10时到18时,需要降温.点评:本题主要考查函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)的图象特征,两角和差的正弦公式,正弦函数的定义域和值域,三角不等式的解法,属于中档题.18.(12分)考点:等差数列的性质;数列的求和.专题:等差数列与等比数列.分析:(Ⅰ)设出数列的公差,利用等比中项的性质建立等式求得d,则数列的通项公式可得.(Ⅱ)利用(Ⅰ)中数列的通项公式,表示出S n根据S n>60n+800,解不等式根据不等式的解集来判断.解答:解:(Ⅰ)设数列{a n}的公差为d,依题意,2,2+d,2+4d成比数列,故有(2+d)2=2(2+4d),化简得d2﹣4d=0,解得d=0或4,当d=0时,a n=2,当d=4时,a n=2+(n﹣1)•4=4n﹣2.(Ⅱ)当a n=2时,S n=2n,显然2n<60n+800,此时不存在正整数n,使得S n>60n+800成立,当a n=4n﹣2时,S n==2n2,令2n2>60n+800,即n2﹣30n﹣400>0,解得n>40,或n<﹣10(舍去),此时存在正整数n,使得S n>60n+800成立,n的最小值为41,综上,当a n=2时,不存在满足题意的正整数n,当a n=4n﹣2时,存在满足题意的正整数n,最小值为41点评:本题主要考查了等差数列和等比数列的性质.要求学生对等差数列和等比数列的通项公式,求和公式熟练记忆.19.(12分)考点:与二面角有关的立体几何综合题;直线与平面平行的判定.专题:综合题;空间位置关系与距离;空间角.分析:(Ⅰ)建立坐标系,求出=2,可得BC1∥FP,利用线面平行的判定定理,可以证明直线BC1∥平面EFPQ;(Ⅱ)求出平面EFPQ的一个法向量、平面MNPQ的一个法向量,利用面EFPQ与面PQMN所成的二面角为直二面角,建立方程,即可得出结论.解答:(Ⅰ)证明:以D为原点,射线DA,DC,DD1分别为x,y,z轴的正半轴,建立坐标系,则B(2,2,0),C1(0,2,2),E(2,1,0),F(1,0,0),P(0,0,λ),∴=(﹣2,0,2),=(﹣1,0,λ),=(1,1,0)λ=1时,=(﹣2,0,2),=(﹣1,0,1),∴=2,∴BC1∥FP,∵FP⊂平面EFPQ,BC1⊄平面EFPQ,∴直线BC1∥平面EFPQ;(Ⅱ)设平面EFPQ的一个法向量为=(x,y,z),则,∴取=(λ,﹣λ,1).同理可得平面MNPQ的一个法向量为=(λ﹣2,2﹣λ,1),若存在λ,使面EFPQ与面PQMN所成的二面角为直二面角,则•=λ(λ﹣2)﹣λ(2﹣λ)+1=0,∴λ=1±.∴存在λ=1±,使面EFPQ与面PQMN所成的二面角为直二面角.点评:本题考查直线与平面平行的证明,考查存在性问题,解题时要合理地化空间问题为平面问题,注意向量法的合理运用.20.(12分)考点:离散型随机变量的期望与方差;离散型随机变量及其分布列.专题:概率与统计.分析:(Ⅰ)先求出年入流量X的概率,根据二项分布,求出未来4年中,至少有1年的年入流量超过120的概率;(Ⅱ)分三种情况进行讨论,分别求出一台,两台,三台的数学期望,比较即可得到.解答:解:(Ⅰ)依题意,p1=P(40<X<80)=,,,由二项分布,未来4年中,至多有1年的年入流量超过120的概率为=(Ⅱ)记水电站的总利润为Y(单位,万元)(1)安装1台发电机的情形,由于水库年入流总量大于40,故一台发电机运行的概率为1,对应的年利润Y=5000,E(Y)=5000×1=5000,(2)安装2台发电机的情形,依题意,当40<X<80时,一台发电机运行,此时Y=5000﹣800=4200,因此P(Y=4200)=P(40<X<80)=p1=,当X≥80时,两台发电机运行,此时Y=5000×2=10000,因此,P(Y=10000)=P(X≥80)=P2+P3=0.8,由此得Y的分布列如下Y 4200 10000P 0.2 0.8所以E(Y)=4200×0.2+10000×0.8=8840.(2)安装3台发电机的情形,依题意,当40<X<80时,一台发电机运行,此时Y=5000﹣1600=3400,因此P(Y=3400)=P(40<X<80)=p1=0.2,当80≤X≤120时,两台发电机运行,此时Y=5000×2﹣800=9200,因此,P(Y=9200)=P(80≤X≤120)=p2=0.7,当X>120时,三台发电机运行,此时Y=5000×3=15000,因此,P(Y=15000)=P(X>120)=p3=0.1,由此得Y的分布列如下Y 3400 9200 15000P 0.2 0.7 0.1所以E(Y)=3400×0.2+9200×0.7+15000×0.1=8620.综上,欲使水电站年总利润的均值达到最大,应安装发电机2台.点评:本题主要考查了数学期望和二项分布,再求最大利润时,需要分类讨论,属于中档题.21.(14分)考点:轨迹方程;直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题.专题:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.分析:(Ⅰ)设出M点的坐标,直接由题意列等式,整理后即可得到M的轨迹C的方程;(Ⅱ)设出直线l的方程为y﹣1=k(x+2),和(Ⅰ)中的轨迹方程联立化为关于y的一元二次方程,求出判别式,再在直线y﹣1=k(x+2)中取y=0得到.然后分判别式小于0、等于0、大于0结合x0<0求解使直线l与轨迹C恰好有一个公共点、两个公共点、三个公共点时k的相应取值范围.解答:解:(Ⅰ)设M(x,y),依题意得:|MF|=|x|+1,即,化简得,y2=2|x|+2x.∴点M的轨迹C的方程为;(Ⅱ)在点M的轨迹C中,记C1:y2=4x(x≥0),C2:y=0(x<0).依题意,可设直线l的方程为y﹣1=k(x+2).由方程组,可得ky2﹣4y+4(2k+1)=0.①当k=0时,此时y=1,把y=1代入轨迹C的方程,得.故此时直线l:y=1与轨迹C恰好有一个公共点().②当k≠0时,方程ky2﹣4y+4(2k+1)=0的判别式为△=﹣16(2k2+k﹣1).设直线l与x轴的交点为(x0,0),则由y﹣1=k(x+2),取y=0得.若,解得k<﹣1或k>.即当k∈时,直线l与C1没有公共点,与C2有一个公共点,故此时直线l与轨迹C恰好有一个公共点.若或,解得k=﹣1或k=或.即当k=﹣1或k=时,直线l与C1只有一个公共点,与C2有一个公共点.当时,直线l与C1有两个公共点,与C2无公共点.故当k=﹣1或k=或时,直线l与轨迹C恰好有两个公共点.若,解得﹣1<k<﹣或0<k<.即当﹣1<k<﹣或0<k<时,直线l与C1有两个公共点,与C2有一个公共点.此时直线l与C恰有三个公共点.综上,当k∈∪{0}时,直线l与C恰有一个公共点;当k∪{﹣1,}时,直线l与C恰有两个公共点;当k∈时,直线l与轨迹C恰有三个公共点.点评:本题考查轨迹方程,考查了直线与圆锥曲线的关系,体现了分类讨论的数学思想方法,重点是做到正确分类,是中档题.22.(14分)考点:导数在最大值、最小值问题中的应用;利用导数研究函数的单调性.专题:综合题;导数的综合应用.分析:(Ⅰ)先求函数定义域,然后在定义域内解不等式f′(x)>0,f′(x)<0即可得到单调增、减区间;(Ⅱ)由e<3<π,得eln3<elnπ,πlne<πln3,即ln3e<lnπe,lneπ<ln3π.再根据函数y=lnx,y=e x,y=πx 在定义域上单调递增,可得3e<πe<π3,e3<eπ<3π,从而六个数的最大数在π3与3π之中,最小数在3e与e3之中.由e<3<π及(Ⅰ)的结论,得f(π)<f(3)<f(e),即,由此进而得到结论;(Ⅲ)由(Ⅱ)可知,3e<πe<π3<3π,3e<e3,又由(Ⅱ)知,,得πe<eπ,故只需比较e3与πe和eπ与π3的大小.由(Ⅰ)可得0<x<e时,.,令x=,有ln<,从而2﹣lnπ,即得lnπ.①,由①还可得lnπe>lne3,3lnπ>π,由此易得结论;解答:解:(Ⅰ)函数f(x)的定义域为(0,+∞),∵f(x)=,∴f′(x)=,当f′(x)>0,即0<x<e时,函数f(x)单调递增;当f′(x)<0,即x>e时,函数f(x)单调递减.故函数f(x)的单调递增区间为(0,e),单调递减区间为(e,+∞).(Ⅱ)∵e<3<π,∴eln3<elnπ,πlne<πln3,即ln3e<lnπe,lneπ<ln3π.于是根据函数y=lnx,y=e x,y=πx在定义域上单调递增,可得3e<πe<π3,e3<eπ<3π,故这六个数的最大数在π3与3π之中,最小数在3e与e3之中.由e<3<π及(Ⅰ)的结论,得f(π)<f(3)<f(e),即,由,得lnπ3<ln3π,∴3π>π3;由,得ln3e<lne3,∴3e<e3.综上,6个数中的最大数是3π,最小数是3e.(Ⅲ)由(Ⅱ)知,3e<πe<π3<3π,3e<e3,又由(Ⅱ)知,,得πe<eπ,故只需比较e3与πe和eπ与π3的大小.由(Ⅰ)知,当0<x<e时,f(x)<f(e)=,即.在上式中,令x=,又,则ln<,从而2﹣lnπ,即得lnπ.①由①得,elnπ>e(2﹣)>2.7×(2﹣)>2.7×(2﹣0.88)=3.024>3,即elnπ>3,亦即lnπe>lne3,∴e3<πe.又由①得,3lnπ>6﹣>6﹣e>π,即3lnπ>π,∴eπ<π3.综上可得,3e<e3<πe<eπ<π3<3π,即6个数从小到大顺序为3e,e3,πe,eπ,π3,3π.点评:本题考查利用导数研究函数的单调性及其应用、数值的大小比较,考查学生综合运用知识分析解决问题的能力,难度较大.。
2014年高考湖北卷语文试题及答案解析
2014年高考湖北卷语文试题及答案解析一、语文基础知识(共15分,共5小题,每小题3分)1.下列各组词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一组是A。
笑靥(yè)盥(guán)洗粗犷(guǎng)暮(mǜ)然回首B。
书箧(qiè) 装帧(zhēn)碑帖(tiè)博闻强识(zhì)C。
敷(fú)粉脂(zhi)肪烙(lào)印刀耕火种(zhòng)D。
采撷(jié)竹笋(sǔn)咋(zé)舌拈(niān)轻怕重【答案】B2、下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一组是A.俸禄切蹉投桃报李一笑泯恩仇B.发轫枢纽并行不悖久旱逢甘霖C.花哨原委如雷贯耳时事造英雄D.调剂伸张促不及防真人不露相【答案】B3.依次填入下列横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是(1)湖北的国画创作受浪漫瑰丽的荆楚文化的,源远流长,底蕴十足。
当今的湖北画家既尊崇传统,又勇于创新,风格,为中国美术事业做出了突出的贡献。
(2)无论脚步走多远,在人的脑海中,只有故乡的味道,熟悉又,它就像一个味觉定位系统,一头千里之外的异地,另一头则永远牵系着记忆深处的故乡。
A.滋润绚丽多彩顽固框定B。
滋养绚丽多彩稳固锁定C。
滋润多姿多彩稳固框定D.滋养多姿多彩顽固锁定【答案】D4。
下列各句中,没有语病的一项是A.为了提升国家通用语言文字的规范化、标准化水平,满足信息时代语言生活和社会发展的需要,教育部、国家语言文字工作委员会组织制定了《通用规范汉字表》.B。
自1993年进入老龄化社会以来,我市老龄化速度加快。
据统计,我市60周岁以上老龄人口已达145.6万,占总人口的17。
7%,老龄人口高于全国平均水平.C.截至去年底,中国铁路营运里程已突破10万公里,其中高铁运营里程1万公里、在建规模1。
2万公里,这使我国成为世界上高铁运营里程最长、在建规模最大的国家。
D.随着国家信用体系的建设,公民不仅将拥有统一的社会信用代码,到2017年,还会有一个集合金融、工商登记、税收缴纳交通违章等的统一平台建成,实现信息资源共享.【答案】A5。
2014年湖北省襄阳市中考语文试卷(附答案与解析)
语文试卷 第1页(共18页)语文试卷 第2页(共8页)绝密★启用前湖北省襄阳市2014年初中毕业生学业考试语文本试卷满分120分,考试时间150分钟。
一、积累与运用(20分)1.下面句子中有两个错别字,请改正后用正楷字将整个句子抄写在田字格中。
(2分)2.根据语境,给下面句中加点的字注音。
(2分)当你的人生遇到风雨时,也许你会徘徊,也许你会啜.( )泣,但是你要知道,这风雨也是人生不可或缺的一部分。
如果你能用嘹亮的歌声去应对风雨,天空也许会在刹那间变得澄.( )清。
3.下列句子中加点的成语使用有误的一项是(2分)( )A .全市上下众志成城....,誓把襄阳建设成汉水流域中心城市。
B .吴铭辉三度割皮救父的孝义之举,让人油然而生....敬意。
C .今年3月,昆明火车站发生了石破天惊....的严重暴力恐怖事件。
D .对于马航MH370客机的离奇失踪,人们议论纷纷,莫衷一是....。
4.下列句子没有语病的一项是(2分)( )A .选择低碳生活方式,是衡量现代人良好文明素质的重要标准。
B .徜徉在襄阳护城河边,能使人看到清澈的河水,婀娜的垂柳。
C .这次研讨会,大家对如何提高学习效率交换了广泛的意见。
D .各级政府应积极采取措施,防止校园安全事故不再发生。
5.将下列句子组成语意连贯的一段话,语序排列最恰当的一项是(2分) ( )①只有孝敬父母的人,才是一个有责任心的、高尚的人。
②在社会发展的今天,倡导“孝道”,更有其不可替代的时代价值和深远的历史意义。
③孔子曰:“孝,德之本也。
”④从远古时代的“孝感动天”的舜,到“亲尝汤药”的刘恒、“卖身葬父”的董永、“扇枕温衾”的黄香……不胜枚举。
⑤我们国家是有着5 000年历史的文明古国,在其发展的各个阶段,“孝行”贯穿整个社会发展史。
A .①③⑤②④B .③①⑤④②C .②①③⑤④D .③①②④⑤6.19世纪的英国文学家_____________创作的小说《简·爱》以第一人称叙述,有强烈的主观主义色彩,亲切感人。
2014年湖北公务员考试行测真题答案解析
2014年湖北公务员考试行测真题答案解析36.【答案】B。
出乎意料通行宣传解析:由“这一结果一经公布,立即掀起了轩然大波”可知,研究的结果是让人吃惊、没有想到的。
由此可首先排除“啼笑皆非”、“无话可说”。
第二空,“通行”指流行、通用的惯例。
“现行”指正在实施的。
相比之下,用“通行”来描述国际体重评价标准更合适。
故本题答案为B。
37.【答案】D。
尴尬全新赋予解析:本题可从第二空入手,文中并未涉及到视频内容传输和展示渠道的“快捷”或“多维”,排除A、B;再看第三空,“整合”常与“功能”搭配,与“智能”搭配不当,故排除C。
将选项D带入题干,符合句意,当选。
38.【答案】D。
“好胆固醇”或并不存在解析:分析可知,文段围绕首句“‘好胆固醇’也许并非真的很好”展开论述了两个方面:一是升高HDL也不一定有助于降低心脏病风险;二是因遗传因素带有较高HDL水平的人士患心脏病的风险不低于天生HDL水平较低的人。
并且文段最后进一步指出研究学者也并未肯定HDL真的有助于降低心脏病风险。
D项准确地概括了文意,最适合用做标题。
故本题正确答案为D。
39.【答案】C。
蜜蜂的民主解析:文段以人类选举制度充斥金钱和毫无意义的争辩为引子,引出了昆虫学家汤姆·西利的研究——蜂巢是真正的民主社会。
接下来,具体描述了蜂巢地点选择、蜂后选择的过程,体现了蜜蜂的民主。
故本题答案为C。
40.【答案】A。
说明在中国食品价格为何成为研究通胀问题的焦点解析:文段首先提出CPI作为政府维护居民福利标准的合理性,然后指出其中食品价格主导CPI的波动,所以关注食品价格成了研究中国通货膨胀的重中之重。
故文段说明的是食品价格成为研究中国通胀问题重点的原因,A项与此表述一致。
41.【答案】D。
高古石雕在中国不受重视的原因解析:文段指出古代对于雕塑不重视导致具有极高史料价值的石雕作品流失海外,直到今天新兴收藏家们仍然对极具价值的高古石雕举棋不定。
文段主要探讨的是高古石雕在今天不受重视的原因。
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2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)语文本试卷共8页,六大题23小题。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
一、语文基础知识(共15分,共5小题,每小题3分)1.下列各组词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一组是A.笑靥(yâ)盥(guán)洗粗犷(guǎng)暮(mǜ)然回首B.书箧.(qiâ)装帧.(zhēn)碑帖.(tiâ)博闻强识.(zhì)C.敷.(fú)粉脂.(zhi)肪烙.(lào)印刀耕火种.(zhòng)D.采撷.(jiã)竹笋.(sǔn)咋.(zã)舌拈.(niān)轻怕重2.下列各组词语中,没有错别字的一组是A.俸禄切蹉投桃报李一笑泯恩仇B.发轫枢纽并行不悖久旱逢甘霖C.花哨原委如雷贯耳时事造英雄D.调剂伸张促不及防真人不露相3. 依次填入下列横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是①湖北的国画创作受浪漫瑰丽的荆楚文化的,源远流长,底蕴丰厚。
当今的湖北画家既尊崇传统,又勇于创新,风格,为中国美术事业作出了突出的贡献。
②无论脚步走多远,在人的脑海中,只有故乡的味道,熟悉而又,它就像一个味觉定位系统,一头了千里之外的异地,另一头则永远牵系着记忆深处的故乡。
A.滋润绚丽多彩顽固框定B.滋养绚丽多彩稳固锁定C.滋润多姿多彩稳固框定D.滋养多姿多彩顽固锁定4. 下列各项中,没有语病的一项是A. 为了提升国家通用语言文字的规范化、标准化水平,满足信息时代语言生活和社会发张的需要,教育部。
国家语言文字工作委员会组织制定了《通用规范汉字表》。
B. 自 1993 年进入老龄化社会以来,我市老龄化速度加快。
据统计,我市 60 周岁以上的老龄化人口已达到 145.6 万,占总人口的17.7%,老龄人口高于全国平均水平。
C. 截至去年底,中国铁路运营里程已突破 10 万公里,其中高铁运营里程 1 万公里、在建规模1.2 万公里,这使我国成为世界上高铁运营里程最长、在建规模最大的国家。
D. 随着国家信用体制的建设,公民不仅将拥有统一的社会信用代码,到 2017 年,还会有一个集合金融、工商登记、税收缴纳、交通违章等的统一平台建成,实现信息资源共享。
5.下列有关文学常识和名著阅读的表述,有错误...的一项是A.《孟子·离娄》:“存乎人者,莫良于眸子,眸子不能掩其恶。
”意思是观察一个人,在没有比观察他的眼睛更好的了,因为眼睛不能掩盖一个人内心的丑恶,正如俗语所说,眼睛是心灵的窗户。
B.《明天》的结尾处,丧子的四嫂子希望在梦中与儿子相会,朦朦胧胧睡去。
作者并不去写她有没有做到看见儿子的梦,这是为了遵从五四新文化运动的将令,减少作品的消极色彩而采用的曲笔。
C.周冲是《雷雨》中最具有理想主义色彩的人物,四凤对于他来讲不只是理想的伴侣,更是爱与美的象征,因此四凤选择周萍意味着周冲所追求的理想之梦终归破碎,于是这个陷入绝望的青年选择与四凤一同触电而亡。
D.卡夫卡的《骑桶者》描绘了一个真实而荒诞的世界,“真实”是因为作者对骑桶者生活细节和心理状态的描写是深入而真实的,“荒诞”是因为故事主要情节——“我”骑着煤桶去煤店不符合生活逻辑,不是对现实的真实摹写。
二、现代文(论述类文本)阅读(共9分,共3小题,每小题3分)阅读下面的文章,完成6-8题。
艺术与中国社会宗白华孔子说“兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐。
”这三句话挺简括地说出孔子的文化理想、社会政策和教育程序。
中国古代的社会文化与教育是拿诗书礼乐做根基。
教育的主要工具、门径和方法是艺术文学。
艺术的作用是能以感情动人,潜移默化培养社会民众的性格品德于不知不觉之中,深刻而普遍。
尤以诗和乐能直接打动人心,陶冶人的性灵人格。
而“礼”却在群体生活的和谐与节律中,养成文质彬彬的动作、步调的整齐、意志的集中。
中国人在天地的动静、四时的节律、昼夜的来复、生长老死的绵延,感到宇宙是生生而具条理的。
这“生生而条理”就是天地运行的大道。
这种最高度的把握生命和最深度的体验生命的精神境界,具体地贯注到社会实际生活里,使生活端庄流丽,成就了诗书礼乐的文化。
礼和乐是中国社会的两大柱石。
“礼”构成社会生活里的秩序条理。
“乐”涵润着群体内心的和谐与团结力。
然而礼乐的最后根据,在于形而上的天地境界。
《礼记》上说:礼者,天地之序也;乐者,天地之和也。
人生里面的礼乐负荷着形而上的光辉,使现实的人生启示着深一层的意义和美。
礼乐使生活上最实用的、最物质的衣食住行及日用品,升华进端庄流丽的艺术领域。
三代的各种玉器,是从石器时代的石斧石磬等,升华到圭璧等等的礼器乐器。
三代①的铜器,也是从铜器时代的烹调器及饮器等,升华到国家的至宝。
而它们艺术上的形体之美、式样之美、花纹之美、色泽之美、铭文之美,集合了画家书家雕塑家的设计与模型,由冶铸家的技巧,而终于在圆满的器形上,表出民族的宇宙意识(天地境界)、生命情调,以至政治的权威、社会的亲和力。
在中国文化里,从最低层的物质器皿,穿过礼乐生活,直达天地境界,是一片混然无间、灵肉不二的大和谐、大节奏。
因为中国人由农业进于文化,对于大自然是“不隔”的,是父子亲和的关系,没有奴役自然的态度。
中国人对他的用具(石器铜器),不只是用来控制自然,以图生存,他更希望能在每件用品里面,表出对自然的敬爱,把大自然里启示着的和谐、秩序,它内部的音乐、诗,表现在具体而微的器皿中。
一个鼎要能表象天地人。
中国人的个人人格、社会组织以及日用器皿,都希望能在美的形式中,作为形而上的宇宙秩序与宇宙生命的表征。
这是中国人的文化意识,也是中国艺术境界的最后根据。
孔子是替中国社会奠定了“礼”的生活的。
然而,孔子更进一步求“礼之本”。
礼之本在仁,在于音乐的精神。
理想的人格,应该是一个“音乐的灵魂”。
社会生活的真精神在于亲爱精诚的团结,最能发扬和激励团结精神的是音乐!音乐使我们步调整齐,意志集中,团结的行动有力而美。
中国人感到宇宙全体是大生命的流行,其本身就是节奏与和谐。
人类社会生活里的礼和乐,是反射着天地的节奏与和谐。
但西洋文艺自希腊以来所富有的“悲剧精神”,在中国艺术里,却得不到充分的发挥,且往往被拒绝和闪躲。
人性由剧烈的内心矛盾才能掘发出的深度,往往被浓挚的和谐愿望所淹没。
固然,中国人心灵里并不缺乏雍穆和平的大海似的幽深,然而,由心灵的冒险,不怕悲剧,以窥探宇宙人生的危岩雪岭,发而为莎士比亚的悲剧、贝多芬的乐曲,这却是西洋人生波澜壮阔的造诣!(本文有删改)【注】三代:夏、商、周三个朝代的合称。
6.关于诗书礼乐与中国社会的关系,下列理解符合原文意思的一项是A.诗书礼乐是中国古代社会文化与教育的根基,因此,从根本上讲,中国古代社会的教育内容就是艺术文学,教育的目的是以情动人。
B.诗书礼乐涵盖了中国古代社会文化的全部内容。
“礼”作用于群体,造就群体生活的和谐;诗与乐则作用于个体,陶冶个体的性灵。
C.诗书礼乐的文化能够培养社会民众的性格品德,对中国社会生活具有重要意。
礼乐可以在群体生活中养成步调的整齐、意志的集中。
D.正是由于礼乐的最后根据在于形而上的天地境界,所以二者成为中国社会的两大柱石,成为“兴于诗”得以实现的基础。
7.下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是A.石斧石磐升华到圭璧等礼器乐器,烹调器及饮器升华为国家至宝,礼乐使生活中的日用器具超越了实用层面,进入艺术领域。
B.中国人对自然的态度是亲和、“不隔”的,对用具器皿的制作不单是为了控制自然,满足生存所需,还希望以此表现对自然的敬爱,反映自然所给予的启示。
C.一个鼎要能表象天地人,这反映了中国人的一种文化意识:在制作具体器皿时希望以富有美感的形式表现宇宙秩序与宇宙生命。
D.礼乐在社会生活中担负具体功能,调节社会关系,只有在个人的生活中才展现形而上的启示意义,使个体人生具有更深的意义和美。
8.根据原文内容,下列理解和分析正确的一项是A.天地的节奏与和谐在中国社会的礼乐中得到反映与体现,物质器皿、礼乐生活与天地境界并非彼此孤立,而是三者融通和谐。
B.人类社会里的礼和乐体现着天地运行的大道,而礼之本在仁,在于音乐的精神,所以乐是一切人类艺术的最髙境界和最终追求。
C.中国的礼乐文化讲求个人人格、社会组织与天地大道、宇宙秩序、自然节律的交融,由此导致中国文化精神中没有“悲剧精神”。
D.西洋艺术直面人生中的冲突与悲剧,展现波澜壮阔的人生气象,与表现和平静穆的中国艺术相比更能打动人,具有更高的艺术价值。
三、古代诗文阅读(共34分,共7小题)阅读下面的文言文,完成9一12题。
吴德基传[明]宋濂吴德基者,名履,婺之兰溪人也。
有司举于朝,为南康丞。
南康俗悍,其民以为丞儒者也,易之,德基自如,数月皆周知其情伪,有所发擿,一县惊伏。
德基乃更以宽化之。
民有诉,召使前与语,弗加咄叱;民或援丞裾相尔汝,弗责也。
县令周以中初至,召民转输至郡不得,躬至乡召之。
一民逸去,命卒笞之,不肯伏,走入山,骂令曰:“官当在县,何以至此为?”令怒,吏卒因以语动令,欲诬一乡民图贿利,获六七人下狱,扁钥甚严。
德基计民无罪,自出巡狱,叱卒释之。
卒以他辞解。
德基槌碎狱门遣之,曰:“若无罪,还告父兄无恐。
”乃往告令,令怒,曰:“民无道,众辱我,君乃释之,何轻我至是耶?”德基曰:“犯使君者一匹夫尔,其乡人何罪?且法乃天子法,岂使君解怒具乎?”令意惭,乃已。
入朝,擢知莱之潍州事。
民畜官驴四十匹,莱守核其孳息状,与藉不合,曰:“驴当岁产驹,今几岁宜得几驹,乃何少也?”欲责欺罔罪而征其偿,诸县皆已勒民买驴,德基独戒民勿偿。
守怒,问德基:“潍不偿驴,何辞也?”德基曰:“民实不欺妄,乌可责其偿?国家富极海内,为吏老宜宣布德泽,为民除疾苦,宁少数匹驴耶?”守语塞。
德基因画不便者数事,守不敢复言,并诸县已偿者皆罢之。
山东民愿以羊牛代秋税者,官从其言。
德基与民计,羊牛后有死齋患,不如纳粟便,独收民粟。
他县牛羊送陕西,民驱走二千里,皆破家,鄄以潍独完,令役千人部送邻县牛,德基列其不可,曰:“有牛家送牛,虽劳不敢怨,使人代之,脱道中牛死,谁当代偿耶?”力争不奉命。
德基为吏,不求成名,以爱民为先,民感之,居潍二年,召还,潍民遮门抱其足泣拜,曰:“自得吾父,潍民肤无笞瘢。
今舍我去,愿得只履事之,以慰我思!”德基至京师,遂謝事归。
濂为德基交甚狎,时亦致仕将归,呼德基谓曰:“若愿受长者教乎?”德基曰:“唯,何以命之?”廉曰:“慎毋出户,绝世吏勿与交。
”德基至家,如廉戒,君子多其能受善言云。
(选自《宋学士全集》,有删改)9.对下列语句中加点词语的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)A.若.无罪,还告父兄无恐若:你们B.脱.道中牛死脱:逃离C.愿得只履事.之事:供奉D.君子多.其能受善言云多:称赞10.下列各组语句全都表现吴德基“爱民”的一组是(3分)①德基自如②民有诉,召使前与语③德基独戒民勿偿④不如纳粟便,独收民粟⑤潍民肤无笞瘢⑥德基至家,如濂戒A.①②⑤ B .①③⑥ C.②④⑤ D.③④⑥11.下列对原文有关内容的分析概括,不正确...的一项是(3分)A.县令周以中征调乡民不成,反遭乡民斥骂,便施以刑罚,并罪及无辜,吴德基劝他不要滥用国法泄愤。