必修5 Unit 3 Period 4导学案
必修5unit3导学案

必修五Unit 3 Warming up & Reading 1导学案学习目标:1.预测未来生活各个方面与现在生活的不同之处;2.通过本文,设想未来世界的样子;3.增加词汇量,掌握一些重点词汇的用法;学习过程:1.发挥想像力,从以下方面想一想1000年以后与当今世界相比会有哪些不同。
1.transport(交通) 4. work(工作) 7. finance & currency(金融与货币) 2.languages(语言) 5. environment(环境) 8. education(教育)3.houses(住房) 6. communication(人际交流)2.根据课文内容填空。
1.I have to remind myself__________(不断地) that I am really in AD 3008.2. It seems you keep getting flashbacks from your __________ (以前的) time period.3. The capsule began swing gently __________ (向一边地) as we lay relaxed and dreaming.4. At first my new _______________ (环境) were difficult to __________ (忍受).5. Hit by a ________ (缺乏) of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary ___________ (调整) to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.6. Wang Ping ________ (系上) my ____________ (安全带) and showed me how to use it.7. However, I ______________ (看不见) Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.8. Exhausted, I ____________ (溜进……) bed and fell fast asleep.三、Think about following questions before reading the passage.1.If you have a time travel to the world in 1000 years, how can you get there?2.What will you see?3.What problems will you face?4.How to solve these problems?Book 5 Unit 3 Language points导学案学习目标掌握本单元课文中出现的重点词汇、短语和句型。
高中英语 Period 3 Grammar导学案 新人教版必修5

Period 3 Grammar【大成目标】(目标解读及课堂组织2分钟) 1.复习非谓语动词的各种形式及用法;2.掌握分词,动名词和不定式在句子中的功能及用法;(重点)3.能判断非谓语形式的主动和被动形式并正确运用。
(难点) 【使用说明】1.课前预习并完成基础案,有疑问的可以在课堂上提问;2.注意本学案的小贴士。
1.非谓语动词有哪几类?充当什么句子成分?分词(包括现在分词和过去分词),动名词和动词不定式,他们具有名词和形容词的某些特征,因而可以做主语,表语,宾语,定语和状语。
2. 非谓语动词的结构与特点 在下面的表格中填上相关的内容。
非谓语 动词结构语法功能(做何句子成分)逻辑主语特点主动语态 被动语态 不定式to do to be done相当于adj. adv.和n.可作主、宾、表、定、宾补及状语句子主语或谓语动词的宾语一般表示动作的将来或同时发生tohavedone to have been done to be doing-ing 形式doing being done 相当于adj. n. adv.可作主、宾、定、表、宾补及状语与句子主语一致 表示动作的进行或主动having donehaving been done -ed 形式done相当于adj.和 adv.可作定、表、宾补及状语与句子主语一致 表示动作的完成或被动在学习和使用非谓语动词时需要注意以下几点:基础案(课中5分钟)自主学习,教师课中点拨升华案(20分钟)自主学习,小组合作,展示点评1. 要注意现在分词和过去分词作状语时的不同。
比较:When living abroad, he wrote many letters to his fami ly and friends. When heated, the ice will change into water.归纳:现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。
2. 要注意不定式和分词作宾语补足语的不同。
人教版必修5unit3导学案

高二英语必修5 unit3 Life in the future 导学案编号050301 内容Reading and Comprehending 周次第4周主编袁芳妮审核审批课时 1姓名班和组组评师评学习目标1.To summarize and remember the main idea of the passage.2.To learn some useful words ,expressions and patterns in the passage.学习重点Try to get a better understanding of the text by reading学习难点How to improve students' reading skills学法指导First ,skimming to identify the main idea of the text.Pay attention to the title and the picture.Second ,try to get the main idea of each paragraph .Last of all,try to finish the assigned tasks on your own.1.自学:20分钟课前自学课本P-17,18页课文,独立完成学案题目,并上交。
1)先快读课文一遍,整体把握文章的大意。
2)再快读课文一遍,而后把握文章的段落大意。
3)再精读课文一遍,完成其余练习。
2.A层完成以下内容后,背诵自学成果。
B层可结合课本P-81--82句子分析来理解课文。
C层要理解文章大意。
学习过程自主学习I.Remember the following words ans phrases:1.________n.印象;感想;印记___________v.使留下深刻的印象_________adj.令人印象深刻的2._________adj.时常发生的,连续不断的adv.___________不断的3.___________adj.在前的,早先的___________adv.早先,之前4.___________adj.不确切的,无把握的____________ (反义词)5.____________adj.周围的____________n.周围的事物;环境6.___________n.调整,调节___________v.调整,适应7.__________v.按,压;逼迫__________n.压力8.___________n.乐观(主义)的___________(反义词)9.________拿起;接受;开始;继续10.________________ (困境后)恢复;完全复原11.____________看不见……12._________打扫;横扫13.________ (快捷而悄声地)移动;溜进……14.________________ 加速15.________________ 结果16.________________ 与……相似17.________________ 向四面八方18._______________ 带领某人参观……合作探究Task 1 The main idea of the whole passage.The text is mainly about Li Qiang’s trip to the _______ and his first__________ of it.Task 2 Put the statements into correct order. (选出段落大意)1:______ 2:______ 3:______4:______A. Staying in Wang Ping's homeB. My impression of life one thousand year into the futureC. How I came to take a time travel journey.D. The journeyTask 3.Read the passage,and choose the best answer.1.what kind of prize did Li Qiang win last year?A.The prize was to make a trip into the year AD3008B.The prize was a hovering carriageC.The prize was to visit a space station.D.The text doesn't mention it.高二英语必修5 unit3 Life in the future 导学案2.Li Qiang head ached because ______.A.he was hit by a lack of fresh air.B.he caught a bad cold.C.he suffered from "time lag"D.he was very exhausted.3.It is obvious that Li Qiang wrote this E-mail to his parents_____A.before traveling into the year AD3008B.during the journey to the year AD3008C.When he won the prize last year.D.After flying into the yearAD30084.The author and his friend were safely transported into the future in a _____.A.time capsuleB.hovering carriageC.spacecraftD.Plane5.Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to the text ?a.Li Qiang's guide, Wang Ping, gave him some green tablets.b.Ling Qiang lost sight of Wang Ping when they reached what looked like a large market.c.Li Qiang was unsettled for the first few days because he was worried about the journey.d.Li Qiang slid into bed and fell fast asleep.e.Wang Ping showed Li Qiang into a large bright,clean room.Post--reading (课堂限时完成!小组PK)I have to remind myself1.___________ that I am 2._________ up this prize and I am really in the year of AD3008. I suffered from “time lag” that I kept getting flashbacks from 3.____________time period. We climbed in the capsule课堂检测through a small 4.__________. It was comfortable. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. At first the 5.__________ were hard to 6.__________. Because of the7. ______ of fresh air, I’d got a headache. So I put on a mask. Then I followed Wang Ping to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriage float above the ground and by 8._________down in the seat, we can move swiftly. Wang Ping showed me how to use it, but I lost9.______ of him soon. Later we arrived at a strange-looking house which had agreen wall made of trees. Table and chairs could rise from the floor by flashing a10.________on a computer screen. I was exhausted that night and fell asleepquickly.课后作业1.Finish the exercise4 on page 19.2.Read the text aloud.课后反思本节课的收获存在的问题高二英语必修5 unit3 Life in the future 导学案编号050302 内容Language points 周次第4周主编袁芳妮审核审批课时 2姓名班和组组评师评学习目标认识本单元的重点单词及短语,并熟练掌握其用法。
北师大版高中数学必修5《三章 不等式 4 简单线性规划 4.1二元一次不等式与平面区域》赛课导学案_1

课题:二元一次不等式(组)与平面区域课型:新授课一、教材分析:本节所处的地位、特点、作用本节选自北师大教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书》数学必修5第三章第四节第一课时内容,教学大纲对这部分内容的要求是了解二元一次不等式表示平面区域,了解线性规划的意义,并会简单的应用。
这是《新大纲》中增加的新内容,不仅为传统的高中数学注入了新鲜的血液,而且给学生提供了学数学、用数学的机会,体现了新课程理念。
在此之前,学生已经学习了直线的方程,已掌握二元一次方程与平面直线的对应关系,同时也学习了数形结合的思想方法。
为研究二元一次不等式与平面区域的对应关系做了准备。
这一节内容,是介绍直线方程的简单应用(即简单的线性规划)的基础,起到承前启后的作用。
二、学生情况分析:1)学习者的阶段性特征:通过已教过的经验和学生已有知识基础看,对于二元一次不等式(组)与平面区域二元一次不等式(组)与平面区域的学习,关键在于弄清楚和理解掌握口诀“直线定界,取点定域”,“系数化正、左小右大”。
学生前两节学习的基础上,对不等式的理性思维能力已经有了初步形成,但存在个别差异。
2)学习者个性特征:高一(E)班是普通班,而且是高一中数学比较差的一个班级。
全班整体数学基础比较薄弱。
在讲解的过程中要做到细致,耐心。
三、教学目标分析1、知识与技能:了解二元一次不等式(组)的相关概念,能画出二元一次不等式(组)表示的平面区域,会解决简单的关于二元一次不等式(组)的实际问题;2、过程与方法:学生在学会知识的过程中,培养学生运用数学方法解决问题的能力,会准确地阐述自己的思路和观点,着重培养学生的认知能力;3、情态与价值:通过本节内容的学习,培养学生的数学应用意识,体会数学在实际问题中的重要应用,提高学习数学的兴趣;通过自主探索、合作交流,增强数学的情感体验,提高创新意识。
四、教学重点、难点和关键教学重点:从实际问题中抽象出二元一次不等式(组),会画二元一次不等式(组)表示的平面区域;教学难点:准确画出二元一次不等式(组)表示平面区域;关键:理解掌握口诀“直线定界,取点定域”,“系数化正、左小右大”。
高中英语 Period 3、4 Language Points导学案 新人教版必修5

Period 3、4 Language Points【大成目标】(目标解读及课堂组织2分钟)1.记住升华案中的重点短语的意思,掌握它们的用法;(重点)2.通过翻译、观察思考、分析归纳和总结升华案中重点词汇的用法和居住结构。
掌握它们在句子中的应用:(难点)3.通过完成相关练习,巩固本导学案中涉及的语言知识。
【使用说明】1. 本导学案需两个课时完成;2. 基础案中Task 1and Task 2第三课时使用,Task 3第四课时使用;巩固案中Task 1and Task 2第三课时使用,Task 3案的Task 4第四课时使用。
Task 1汉译英。
(复习课文中出现的短语。
)1.自然保护区2. 濒临物种3.在危险中4.处在生存斗争之中5.放下6.献出生命7.在……之初8.当场,在现场9.成为时尚 10.积极参加11. 对… …采取强硬措施 12.在海拔高的地方 13. 认真关注 14.攻击某人15.代表 16.建立Task 2.单项选择1.He was badly injured in the car accident, but he struggled ________his feet and walked to the nearby village to ask for help.A .toB .onC .atD .fo r 2. There'll be a sports meet in our school next month. How many of you are going to________?A .take upB .take partC .joinD .take part in 3.The police told the public to keep an eye________ the suspected person.A .onB .forC .aboutD .at4. —What does your pet feed________?—I feed it________ fish.A .on; toB .to; withC .to; onD .on; with5.The new law will come into________ on the day when it is passed.A .effectB .useC .beingD .existence6.I like________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A .thisB .thatC .itD .one7. You ’re _____ y our time trying to persuade him, he will never help you.a. wastingb. spendingc. losingd. missingkeys: 1-3 ABA 4-7 DACATask 3 根据句意,用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。
高中英语 Period 4、5 language points导学案 新人教版必修5

Period 4、5 language points【大成目标】(目标解读及课堂组织2分钟)1、通过自主学习,识记并掌握基础案中涉及的重点短语和重点词的用法。
(重点)2、通过翻译法,观察思考,分析、归纳和总结升华案中重点词的用法和句子结构,掌握它们在句子中的运用。
(难点)3、通过语言点夯实训练,巩固本导学案中涉及的语言知识。
【使用说明】1、课前阅读两篇阅读文章,自主学习完成基础案。
2、用双色笔圈点重难点。
3、建议二课时。
升华案1和巩固案1在第一课时中完成,升华案2和巩固案2在第二课时中完成。
Step 1 重点短语再现 1.____ particular 尤其;特别→be particular ____ 挑剔 2. ____ theory 理论上;从理论上来说→____ practice 实际上;实践中 3. ____ average 平均→____ average 高于/低于平均水平 →average ____算出……的平均数 4. ____...for granted 以为……理所当然 →take_____ for granted that...以为……理所当然5.have an effect ____对……有影响→____ and effect 因果→come ____ /take effect 生效→____...into effect 实施计划6.take notice ____注意到→____ to one’s notice 引起某人的注意→____ sb .’s notice 没有被某人注意到7.in response ____作为……的回应→____ a response to 对……做出反应→a ____ of responsibility 责任感8.take ____站好位置以备, 占据(用)……→take ____ 欺骗→take ____ 拿走→take ____ (飞机)起飞;(事业)成功;脱下(衣物) → take ____ 呈现→take ____ 接管9. ____..condition 处于……状况→____ condition that 条件是……→on____ condition 决不可能10.week ____,week ____一周又一周;接连几个星期→day ____ day 日复一日11. be related ____与……有关12. apply ____申请13. suffer ____Keys:基础案 课前15分钟自主学习,课中10分钟展示点评拓展延伸I ’m not particular. 我不在意;我不管 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
英语必修5 unit 4 导学案

英语必修5 unit 4 导学案Unit 4 A charity showⅠ. Teaching aims and demands1. Topic:(1) The use of passive voice.(2) The structure of “It is said that…”.(3) Words and expressions related to charity shows.2. Function:Describing past events using passive voice.3. Structure:(1) It is said that…(2) Passive voice.4. Vocabulary and phrases:audience, benefit, cellist, concert, considerable, encourage, fund-raising, organize, represent, representative, violinist5. Reading:Reading and understanding the information about a charity show through the passive voice.6. Writing:Writing a short passage about a charity show using the passive voice.7. Listening:Listening to a dialogue on the charity show and answering related questions.8. Speaking:Talking about charity shows and discussing the importance of charity work.Ⅱ. Teaching key points1. Words and phrases related to charity shows.2. The use of passive voice.3. The s tructure of “It is said that…”Ⅲ. Teaching difficult points1. Using passive voice properly.2. Distinguishing between active and passive voice.3. Describing events using the structure of “It is said that…”Ⅳ. Teaching aidsMultimedia, blackboard, and handoutsⅤ. Teaching proceduresStep 1: Warming up1. Greet the students and ask them if they have ever been to a charity show.2. Play some background music related to charity events to create a warm atmosphere.Step 2: Pre-reading1. Present new words and phrases related to charity shows.2. Ask students to predict what the charity show will be about based on the title and keywords.3. Introduce the use of passive voice and the structure of “It is said that…”Step 3: While-reading1. Read the passage about the charity show silently.2. Ask students to identify the passive voice sentences and the structure of “It is said that…” in the passage.3. Discuss the content of the passage in pairs or groups.Step 4: Post-reading1. Ask students to summarize the main points of the charity show in their own words.2. Present a short writing task for students to write about a charity show using passive voice and “It is said that…” structure.Step 5: Listening task1. Play a dialogue about the charity show and ask students to answer related questions.2. Discuss the dialogue with the whole class and check the answers.Step 6: Speaking practice1. Divide the class into groups and ask each group to discuss the importance of charity work.2. Have representatives from each group share their opinions with the class.Ⅵ. Homework1. Review the vocabulary and phrases related to charity shows.2. Practice using the passive voice in sentences.3. Prepare a short speech about a charity show for the next class.Ⅶ. Blackboard designKey words: charity show, passive voice, It is said that…Summary: The use of passive voice and the structure of “It is said that…” in describing past charity events.Ⅷ. ReflectionThis lesson provides students with the opportunity to practice using passive voice and the structure of “It is said that…” in the context of charity shows. The students should be able to understand and use these language points effectively after completing this lesson.。
高中必修五Unit3导学案

一、学习目标1.掌握并能使用本单元的重点单词。
2.掌握并能使用本单元的重点词组。
3.能正确区分本单元的同意或近义单词与词组的用法。
二、重点难点重点:掌握并能使用本单元的重点单词、词组。
难点:能区分本单元的同意或近义单词与词组的用法。
三、使用说明及学法指导1.学生课前熟读并记忆本单元单词和词组。
2.学生在规定的时间之内自主学习并完成相关练习,之后小组讨论、展示、质疑及点评。
四、自学提纲(大约用20分钟个人预习完成后,小组讨论订正)1.小组组长主动带读单词和短语。
2.重点单词、词组1)impression n. ___________________常用结构:have an impression of sth./doing sth. 对(做)某事有印象get a good / bad impression of sb. / sth. 对某人/ 某事的印象好/ 不好make / have / leave a(n) … impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象make no impression on 对……无影响/效果典型例子:①Your performance gave me a strong ______________.你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。
②What I said him. 我的话对他不起作用联想拓展:impress v.给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记;使感动impress sb. with sth .给……留下深刻的印象impress sth. on/ upon sb .使某人铭记某事be impressed with / by / at…被……所感动; 对……印象深刻impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的典型例子:①The parents tried t o______________ the importance of being honest the child.父母试图让孩子铭记诚实的重要性。
高中英语 Period 4 Language Points导学案 新人教版必修5

Period 4 Language points【大成目标】(目标解读及课堂组织3分钟)1.掌握重点单词和短语;2.通过上节课阅读本篇文章和本节课的学习之后,对本节课的语言点能熟练掌握和运用;(重点)3.学会分析句子结构和拆分难句.(难点)【使用说明】1.课前能理解文章大意;2.课前了解有关马克吐温及其作品相关知识;3.注意本学案的小贴士;4.基础案于课前20分钟完成;5.建议课时:2课时。
自主学习并展示以下内容: 1.by the light of … 靠(借)着……的光 2. as if = as though 好象,似乎3. a couple of: 一些,几个4. to one’s astonishment: 使某人惊讶的是5. tie up: 把(某人)捆绑起来6. shoot: 射中7.shoot at: “向……射击”,不一定射中8. panic:v. (使)惊慌,惊慌失措9. board “登上”(船,车,飞机等)10.have connection with 与……有联系/有关联11.run away (秘密地)逃跑12 .play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人,对某人恶作剧13.make up 编造(说法、解释等);化妆;组成;弥补;和好 14.be/feel in the mood (for sth./to do sth.) 有意(做某事),有(做某事的) 心情 15.set...in 设置(戏剧、小说等的)背景 16.make one’s fortune 发财 17.set off 出发,启程18.lead/live a ...life 过着……的生活19.carry out 执行,履行20.draw up (使)停下21.hang on 不要挂断电话22.get a move on 快点23. To o ur astonishment/joy/surprise/disappointment … 使某人大吃一惊/高兴/ 惊讶/失望的是…温馨提示:通过阅读;造句等方式能够更好地记忆和运用之。
高中英语 Period 4 Reading导学案 新人教版必修5

Period 4 Reading【大成目标】1. Surf the internet and find information about Chinese and western festivals;2. Read the text and learn about the history of Carnival;(重点)3. Develop reading ability by fast reading.(难点)【使用说明】1. 查阅中、西方传统节日,组内介绍,并推出一位同学全班展示。
2. 课时建议:一课时Step 1. 组内交流节日信息,全班展示点评。
(5分钟)Step 2. 辨析词汇,完成句子(5分钟)1.prepare/prepare for1)The teachers are ________ the exam.2)The students are________ the exam.2.wear/put on/dress/have...on1)________ more clothes.It's cold outside.2)He often ________a blue jacket.3)Wake up the children and ________ them.4)He ______ a new coat ______ today.3.walk/wander1)The dogs have greater freedom ,for they are allowed to ______ outside their enclosure.2)We ______ in the park every morning.4.celebrate/congratul ate1)I______ myself on my narrow escape.2)We ______ our 25th wedding anniversary yesterday.5.come to an end/by the end of/in the end/at the end of/end up with/end up in1)His several attempts ____________failure.2)____________the street ,you'll see a Chinese restaurant.3)How many English words had you learnt ____________last term? 4)He tried all kind s of jobs and____________ he became a teacher.5)When the war ____________,all the people celebrated the freedom.6)The party ____________ the singing of The Same Song.1.1)preparing 2)preparing for2.1)Put on 2)wears 3)dress 4)has ;on 3.1)wander 2)walk 辨析点拨: Wear+衣物,穿着…(强调状态) have +衣物+ on ,穿着… put on+衣物,穿上…(强调动作) dress+人,给某人穿… 基础案(10 分钟)课前独立完成基础案,课内展示、点评。
必修5Unit3复习导学案

编号NO. 武安市第十中学高二英语(人教版)选修5 Unit3 主编xxx 主审xxxUnit3 复习导学案一、学习目标1.知识与技能:掌握单元重点词汇,短语和句型2.过程与方法:背诵单元重点知识并通过练习进行巩固3.情感态度价值观:激发学生学习兴趣,陶冶学生情操。
二、重点难点1.重点:掌握单元重点词汇用法2.难点:能够熟练使用重点句型三、重点知识再现I. Phrases1. make a deep/strong impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象impress sb. with sth.= impress sth. on sb.使某人记住某事2. take up 拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续/选修take apart 拆开(机器)等take away 拿走,夺去take back 收回(说错的话)take down 取下,记下,拆卸take in 接受,吸收,包括,领会,理解,欺骗take on 承担,呈现,开始雇用take off 拿走,脱下(衣帽)等,起飞,开始成功take over 占据,接任(职位)等3. remind sb. about /of sth. 使某人回想起某事/提醒某人某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事remind sb. ( that ) / wh-从句…提醒某人某事,使某人想起某事4. surroundings n. 环境,周围的事物surrounding adj. 周围的,周边的be surrounded by/ with …被……环绕着,周围都是……5. tolerate vt. 容忍,忍受tolerate sth./ doing sth. 忍受……6. by/ for /through lack of… 因缺乏……lack + n. 缺乏……,没有…… lack wisdom/ common sense/ moneybe lacking in sth. 缺乏(品质/特点); 不够……lack for …(否定句) 缺乏…… lack for nothing 一无所缺7. make ajustments to sth 调整,调节ajust oneself to sth. 使自己适应……ajust to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事8. be back o n one’s feet (困境后)恢复,完全复原9. in all directions= in every direction 四面八方10. Sb. lose / catch sight of ….看不见/ 看见(动作)Sb. / Sth. be in / out of sight 看得见/ 看不见(状态)at first sight 第一眼看见;乍一看at the sight of… 一看见……就……lose one’s sight 失明11. switch off 关(电灯、机器等)switch on 开(电灯、机器等)switch from…to… 由……转变为……switch over 转换,换频道12. speed up 加速,使……加速at a speed of…..以……的速度at high / low speed 以高速/低速sweep up 打扫/ 横扫/掠过use up 用光come up 过来eat up 吃光sit up 熬夜/ 坐正turn up 出现/ 开大(音/水量)13.for an instant 一会儿……in an instant= immediately 立刻,马上14.slide into 溜进15. plenty of + [u] / [c] 许多16. be previous to … 早于……17. compare A with Bcompare A to B 把A与B作比较,把A比喻作B18. be greedy for对…渴望贪婪19. lie relaxed 放松20. on earth 究竟,到底21. be under repair 在维修中22. search for … 寻找23. be lost in 沉浸在······中24. go soft 变软25. speak in whisper 低声地说26. be optimistic about …对……乐观27.explain to sb. sth.= explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事28. give off 发出(光/热等)29. get / be caught in … 被困在……中30. require sb. to do sth. =require that sb. (should ) do sth.要求某人做某事Sth. require doing / to be done 某物需要被31. be supposed to do 应该32. at length 最后,终于33. be disposed of 处理;清除34. find sth done/find the house broken into 发现屋子被盗了found money stolen 发现钱被偷了II. Sentences:1. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2. At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate.3. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.4. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.5. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.6. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.7. But we cann’t blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?8. Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.达标检测:1.Mrs. White _______the story when her husband forgot the next detail.A.took upB.took onC.made upD.turned up2. Life has become so easy for children today that they _____the spirit to work hard.ckck ofC.are lackedD.are lacking of3. It was not until the boat was _____that they stopped waving their hands.A.out of sightB.in sightC.at sightD.in the sight4.The young man acted strangely during the interview. He made a bad _____on the employer.A.impressionB.expressionC.experienceD.opinion5. Though _____money, his parents managed to send him to university.ckedcking ofckingcked in6.My camera can be _____to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A.treatedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.reminded7. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant_______.A.to deal withB.dealing withC.to be dealt withD.dealt with8. I have reached a point in my life _____ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why9.Gas flowing through the pipes burns_____but can be kept under control easily by opening or closing the pipes.A.instantlyB.instantC.momentD.momently10.Mr. Su Wei was chosen to _____China at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference.A.speak asB.representC.standD.on behalf of11. Can you imagine a plane flying _______8,000 miles an hour?A.with a speedB.in a speed ofC.at a speed ofD.by a speed 12.Our school won’t tolerate________ on exams. If you are caught, you will get severely punished.A.to cheatB.cheatC.having cheatedD.cheating13.—Can the new measures get the business back ____its feet?—It’s hard to say. The global economy is still bad at present.A.onB.withC.forD.through14. ______in January, 2010, the Burj Khalifa becomes the tallest building in the world.pletingB.To completepletedD.Being completed15. —Helen, I hate to say this, but the TV has been on for the whole morning.—Oh, Mum, I’ll ____it off.A.shutB.foldC.switchD.remove16. In our childhood, we were often ____by Gandma to pay attention to our table manners.A.demandedB.remindedC.allowedD.hoped单词拼写:1. Hundreds of years ago cars were not invented and people usually travelled by horse or by simple vehicle such as a __________(四轮马车).2. What he said just now gave me a very deep ___________(印象). I will never forgot it.3. He is a naughty boy and he is ________ (不断地)disturbing his classmates in class.4. Animals in zoos are not living in their natural pleasing _________(环境).5. Many guests were invited to __________(开始的)ceromony..6. As he got well-prepared in the examination, he is very _________(乐观的)about the outcome.7. I am unable to attend your birthday party because of a _______(在前的,早先的)engagement(约定).8. Generally speaking, fees in ______(私立的)schools are higher than those in public schools.9. This factory is built to _______ (回收利用)waste plastics to reduce the pollution.10. Steel and stone are building ________(材料)that we can use to build skyscrapers.11. Take two of the _______(药片) three times daily before meals.12. I won’t ______(忍受)your bad manners any longer.13. He _____(按)his hand against the door.14.Beijing is a _____________(典型的)city in the north of China.15. The company is improving the employee’s working _________(效率).。
人教A版高中数学必修5第三章 不等式3.4 基本不等式导学案(1)

基本不等式中不等式在各种题型中均有出现,渗透在各类考试试卷中;基本不等式是不等式中高频考点之一,其应用、变形等是考试热点.本节将针对于基本不等式及其常见母题进行解答技巧的讲解与归纳.1.基本不等式ab ≤a +b2基本不等式的使用条件:① 一正:a >0,b >0,即:所求最值的各项必须都是正值;② 二定:ab 或a +b 为定值,即:含变量的各项的和或积必须是常数; ③ 三相等:当且仅当a =b 时取等号;即:等号能否取得.在应用基本不等式求最值时,要把握不等式成立的三个条件,若忽略了某个条件,就会出现错误. 2.由公式a 2+b 2≥2ab 和ab ≤a +b2可以引申出的常用结论(1)b a +a b ≥2(a ,b 同号); (2)b a +a b≤-2(a ,b 异号); (3)21a +1b≤ab ≤a +b 2≤a 2+b 22(a >0,b >0) ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫或ab ≤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a +b 22≤a 2+b 22(a >0,b >0).3.利用基本不等式求最大、最小值问题(1)如果x >0,y >0,且xy =P (定值).那么当x =y 时,x +y 有最小值2P .(简记:“积定和最小”) (2)如果x >0,y >0,且x +y =S (定值).那么当x =y 时,xy 有最大值S 24.(简记:“和定积最大”)类型一、直接应用类此类问题较为基础,利用基本不等式求最值时应注意:①非零的各数(或式)均为正;②和或积为定值;③等号能否成立,即“一正、二定、三相等”,这三个条件缺一不可.解答技巧一:直接应用【母题一】若x >0,y >0,且x +y =18,则xy 的最大值是________. 【解析】由于x >0,y >0,则x +y ≥2xy ,所以xy ≤⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x +y 22=81,当且仅当x =y =9时,xy 取到最大值81.【答案】81 【变式】1.已知f (x )=x +1x-2(x <0),则f (x )有 ( )A .最大值为0B .最小值为0C .最大值为-4D .最小值为-4【解析】∵x <0,∴f (x )=-⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-x +1-x -2≤-2-2=-4,当且仅当-x =1-x ,即x =-1时取等号.【答案】C2.已知0<x <1,则x (3-3x )取得最大值时x 的值为 ( ) A .13 B .12 C .34D .23【解析】∵0<x <1,∴1-x >0.∴x (3-3x )=3x (1-x )≤3⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +1-x 22=34.当x =1-x ,即x =12时取等号.【答案】B3.(2014·成都诊断)已知定义在(0,+∞)上的函数f (x )=3x,若f (a +b )=9,则f (ab )的最大值为__________.【解析】∵3a +b=9,∴a +b =2≥2ab ,得ab ≤1,∴f (ab )=3ab≤3.【答案】34.已知a ,b ∈R ,且ab =50,则|a +2b |的最小值是________.【解析】依题意得a ,b 同号,于是有|a +2b |=|a |+|2b |≥2|a |·|2b |=22|ab |=2100=20,当且仅当|a |=|2b |=10时取等号,因此|a +2b |的最小值是20.【答案】20类型二、配凑定值类(恒等变形类)此类问题一般不能直接使用基本不等式,要从整体上把握运用基本不等式,对不满足使用基本不等式条件的可通过“变形”来转换,常见的变形技巧有:拆项,凑项,凑系数等.不论条件怎么变形,都需要根据条件:凑和为定值时求积最大、凑积为定值求和最小.解答技巧二:拆项【母题二】已知t >0,则函数y =t 2-4t +1t的最小值为________.【解析】∵t >0,∴y =t 2-4t +1t =t +1t-4≥2-4=-2,且在t =1时取等号.【答案】-2解答技巧三:凑项【母题三】若x >2,则函数y =x +1x -2的最小值为________. 【解析】∵x >2,∴y =(x -2)+1x -2+2≥2+2=4,当且仅当x =3时取等号. 【答案】4 解答技巧四:凑系数【母题四】若0<x <83,则函数y =x (8-3x )的最大值为________.【解析】∵x >2,∴y =13(3x )(8-3x )≤13⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3x +8-3x 22=163,当且仅当x =43时取等号. 【答案】163【变式】1.函数y =x 2+2x -1(x >1)的最小值是( )A .23+2B .23-2C .2 3D .2【解析】∵x >1,∴x -1>0.∴y =x 2+2x -1=x 2-2x +2x +2x -1=x 2-2x +1+2x -1+3x -1=x -12+2x -1+3x -1=x -1+3x -1+2≥2x -1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3x -1+2=23+2.当且仅当x -1=3x -1,即x =1+3时,取等号.【答案】A2.当x >1时,不等式x +1x -1≥a 恒成立,则实数a 的最大值为________. 【解析】∵x >1,∴x -1>0.又x +1x -1=x -1+1x -1+1≥2+1=3,当且仅当x =2时等号成立.则a ≤3,所以a 的最大值为3.【答案】33.(2014·潍坊一模)已知a >b >0,ab =1,则a 2+b 2a -b的最小值为________.【解析】a 2+b 2a -b =a -b 2+2ab a -b =a -b 2+2a -b =(a -b )+2a -b≥22.当且仅当a -b =2时,取等号.【答案】2 2 4.已知函数f (x )=2xx 2+6. (1)若f (x )>k 的解集为{x |x <-3,或x >-2},求k 的值; (2)对任意x >0,f (x )≤t 恒成立,求t 的取值范围. 【解】(1)f (x )>k ⇔kx 2-2x +6k <0.由已知{x |x <-3,或x >-2}是其解集,得kx 2-2x +6k =0的两根是-3,-2. 由根与系数的关系可知(-2)+(-3)=2k ,即k =-25.(2)因为x >0,f (x )=2x x 2+6=2x +6x≤226=66,当且仅当x =6时取等号. 由已知f (x )≤t 对任意x >0恒成立,故t ≥66,即t 的取值范围是⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫66,+∞.类型三、条件最值类利用基本不等式求最值的方法及注意点(1)知和求积的最值:求解此类问题的关键:明确“和为定值,积有最大值”.但应注意以下两点:①具备条件——正数;②验证等号成立.(2)知积求和的最值:明确“积为定值,和有最小值”,直接应用基本不等式求解,但要注意利用基本不等式求最值的条件.(3)构造不等式求最值:在求解含有两个变量的代数式的最值问题时,通常采用“变量替换”或“常数1”的替换,构造不等式求解.技巧五:换衣(“1”)(或整体代换)【母题五】已知a >0,b >0,a +b =1,则1a +1b 的最小值为________.【解析】∵a >0,b >0,a +b =1,∴1a +1b =a +b a+a +b b =2+b a +ab≥2+2b a ·ab=4, 即1a +1b 的最小值为4,当且仅当a =b =12时等号成立. 【答案】4 【变式】1.本例的条件不变,则⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+1a ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+1b 的最小值为________.【解析】⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+1a ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+1b =⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+a +b a ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1+a +b b =⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2+b a ·⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2+a b =5+2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫b a +a b ≥5+4=9.当且仅当a =b =12时,取等号. 【答案】92.本例的条件和结论互换即:已知a >0,b >0,1a +1b=4,则a +b 的最小值为________.【解析】由1a +1b =4,得14a +14b =1.∴a +b =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫14a +14b (a +b )=12+b 4a +a 4b ≥12+2b 4a +a4b=1.当且仅当a =b =12时取等号.【答案】13.若本例条件变为:已知a >0,b >0,a +2b =3,则2a +1b的最小值为________.【解析】由a +2b =3得13a +23b =1,∴2a +1b =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫13a +23b ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2a +1b =43+a 3b +4b 3a ≥43+2a 3b ·4b 3a =83.当且仅当a =2b =32时,取等号.【答案】834.本例的条件变为:已知a >0,b >0,c >0,且a +b +c =1,则1a +1b +1c的最小值为________.【解析】∵a >0,b >0,c >0,且a +b +c =1,∴1a +1b +1c =a +b +c a +a +b +c b +a +b +c c =3+b a +ca+a b +c b +a c +b c =3+⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫b a +a b +⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫c a +a c +⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫c b +b c ≥3+2+2+2=9.当且仅当a =b =c =13时,取等号. 【答案】95.若本例变为:已知各项为正数的等比数列{a n }满足a 7=a 6+2a 5,若存在两项a m ,a n ,使得a m ·a n =22a 1,则1m +4n的最小值为________.【解析】设公比为q (q >0),由a 7=a 6+2a 5⇒a 5q 2=a 5q +2a 5⇒q 2-q -2=0(q >0)⇒q =2.a m ·a n =22a 1⇒a 12m -1·a 12n -1=8a 21⇒2m -1·2n -1=8⇒m +n -2=3⇒m +n =5,则1m +4n =15⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1m +4n (m +n )=15⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤5+⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫n m +4m n ≥15(5+24)=95,当且仅当n =2m =103时等号成立.【答案】956.(2012·浙江)若正数x ,y 满足x +3y =5xy ,则3x +4y 的最小值是( ) A .245B .285C .5D .6【解析】∵x >0,y >0,由x +3y =5xy 得15⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1y +3x =1.∴3x +4y =15(3x +4y )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1y +3x =15⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3xy +4+9+12y x =135+15⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3x y +12y x ≥135+15×23x y ·12yx=5(当且仅当x =2y 时取等号).【答案】C7.已知不等式(x +y )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1x +a y ≥9对任意正实数x ,y 恒成立,则正实数a 的最小值是( )A .2B .4C .6D .8【解析】(x +y )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1x +a y =1+a +y x +ax y≥1+a +2a ,∴当1+a +2a ≥9时不等式恒成立,故a +1≥3,a ≥4.【答案】B技巧六:构造一元二次不等式在运用该方式解题时,既要掌握公式的正用,也要注意公式的逆用,例如a 2+b 2≥2ab 逆用就是ab ≤a 2+b 22;a +b2≥ab (a ,b >0)逆用就是ab ≤⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫a +b 22(a ,b >0)等.还要注意“添、拆项”技巧和公式等号成立的条件等.思考方式还能以保留“和(a +b )”还是“积(ab )”来确定公式的运用方向.【变式】1.已知x >0,y >0,x +2y +2xy =8,则x +2y 的最小值是( ) A .3 B .4 C .92D .112【解析】依题意,得2xy =-(x +2y )+8≤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +2y 22,当且仅当⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =2y ,x +2y +2xy =8,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =2,y =1时等号成立.∴(x +2y )2+4(x +2y )-32≥0,解得x +2y ≥4或x +2y ≤-8(舍去),∴x +2y 的最小值是4.【答案】B2.若正数x ,y 满足x 2+3xy -1=0,则x +y 的最小值是( ) A .23B .223C .33D .233【解析】对于x 2+3xy -1=0可得y =13(1x -x ),∴x +y =2x 3+13x ≥229=223(当且仅当2x 3=13x,即x =22时等号成立). 【答案】B3.若实数x ,y 满足x 2+y 2+xy =1,则x +y 的最大值是________. 【解析】x 2+y 2+xy =1⇔(x +y )2-xy =1⇔(x +y )2-1=xy ≤(x +y2)2,解得-233≤x +y ≤233. 【答案】233类型四、基本不等式的应用1.某公司租地建仓库,每月土地占用费y 1与仓库到车站的距离成反比,而每月库存货物的运费y 2与仓库到车站的距离成正比,如果在距车站10公里处建仓库,这两项费用y 1和y 2分别为2万元和8万元,那么要使这两项费用之和最小,仓库应建在离车站________公里处.【解析】设x 为仓库与车站距离,由已知y 1=20x,y 2=0.8x .费用之和y =y 1+y 2=0.8x +20x≥20.8x ·20x =8,当且仅当0.8x =20x,即x =5时等号成立.【答案】52.创新题规定记号“⊙”表示一种运算,即a ⊙b =ab +a +b (a ,b 为正实数).若1⊙k =3,则k 的值为________,此时函数f (x )=k ⊙xx的最小值为________.【解析】1⊙k =k +1+k =3,即k +k -2=0,∴k =1或k =-2(舍),∴k =1.f (x )=k ⊙x x =x +x +1x =1+x +1x ≥1+2=3,当且仅当x =1x,即x =1时等号成立.【答案】1;33.设OA →=(1,-2),OB →=(a ,-1),OC →=(-b ,0)(a >0,b >0,O 为坐标原点),若A ,B ,C 三点共线,则2a +1b的最小值是( )A .4B .92C .8D .9【解析】∵AB →=OB →-OA →=(a -1,1),AC →=OC →-OA →=(-b -1,2).若A ,B ,C 三点共线,则有AB →∥AC →, ∴(a -1)×2-1×(-b -1)=0,∴2a +b =1,又a >0,b >0,∴2a +1b =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2a +1b ·(2a +b )=5+2b a +2ab≥5+22b a ×2a b=9,当且仅当⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2b a =2a b ,2a +b =1,即a =b =13时等号成立.【答案】D4.设正实数x ,y ,z 满足x 2-3xy +4y 2-z =0,则当xy z取得最大值时,2x +1y -2z的最大值为( )A .0B .1C .94D .3【解析】由已知得z =x 2-3xy +4y 2(*),则xy z =xy x 2-3xy +4y 2=1x y +4yx-3≤1,当且仅当x =2y 时取等号,把x =2y 代入(*)式,得z =2y 2,所以2x +1y -2z =1y +1y -1y2=-⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1y -12+1≤1.【答案】B5.已知x >0,y >0,x +y +3=xy ,且不等式(x +y )2-a (x +y )+1≥0恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围是________.【解析】要使(x +y )2-a (x +y )+1≥0恒成立,则有(x +y )2+1≥a (x +y ),即a ≤(x +y )+1x +y恒成立.由x +y +3=xy ,得x +y +3=xy ≤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +y 22,即(x +y )2-4(x +y )-12≥0,解得x +y ≥6或x +y ≤-2(舍去).设t =x +y ,则t ≥6,(x +y )+1x +y =t +1t .设f (t )=t +1t,则在t ≥6时,f (t )单调递增,所以f (t )=t +1t 的最小值为6+16=376,所以a ≤376,即实数a 的取值范围是⎝⎛⎦⎥⎤-∞,376. 【答案】⎝⎛⎦⎥⎤-∞,376【总结】对使用基本不等式时等号取不到的情况,可考虑使用对勾函数y =x +mx(m >0)的单调性.1.小王从甲地到乙地的时速分别为a 和b (a <b ),其全程的平均时速为v ,则( ) A .a <v <abB .v =abC .ab <v <a +b2D .v =a +b2【解析】设甲、乙两地之间的距离为s .∵a <b ,∴v =2s s a +s b=2sab a +b s =2ab a +b <2ab2ab=ab .又v -a =2ab a +b -a =ab -a 2a +b >a 2-a 2a +b=0,∴v >a . 【答案】A2.函数y =x 4+3x 2+3x 2+1的最小值是( )A .2 3B .2C .3D .5【解析】y =x 4+3x 2+3x 2+1=(x 2+1)2+(x 2+1)+1x 2+1=(x 2+1)+1 x 2+1+1≥2+1=3,当且仅当(x 2+1)=1x 2+1,即x =0时,取等号. 【答案】C3.(2011·湖南)设x ,y ∈R ,且xy ≠0,则⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x 2+1y 2·⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1x2+4y 2的最小值为________.【解析】⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x 2+1y 2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1x 2+4y 2=5+1x 2y 2+4x 2y 2≥5+21x 2y 2·4x 2y 2=9,当且仅当x 2y 2=12时,等号成立. 【答案】94.(2014·贵阳适应性监测)已知向量m =(2,1),n =(1-b ,a )(a >0,b >0).若m ∥n ,则ab 的最大值为__________.【解析】依题意得2a =1-b ,即2a +b =1(a >0,b >0),因此1=2a +b ≥22ab ,即ab ≤18,当且仅当2a =b =12时取等号,因此ab 的最大值是18.【答案】185.已知x >0,y >0,且2x +8y -xy =0,求 (1)xy 的最小值; (2)x +y 的最小值.【解】(1)由2x +8y -xy =0,得8x +2y=1,又x >0,y >0,则1=8x +2y≥28x ·2y=8xy,得xy ≥64,当且仅当x =16,y =4时,等号成立. ∴xy 的最小值为64.(2)由2x +8y -xy =0,得8x +2y=1,则x +y =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫8x +2y ·(x +y )=10+2x y +8y x≥10+22x y ·8yx=18.当且仅当x =12且y =6时等号成立, ∴x +y 的最小值为18.1.(2012·福建)下列不等式一定成立的是 ( )A .lg ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x 2+14>lg x (x >0)B .sin x +1sin x≥2(x ≠k π,k ∈Z ) C .x 2+1≥2|x |(x ∈R ) D .1x 2+1>1(x ∈R ) 【解析】当x >0时,x 2+14≥2·x ·12=x ,所以lg ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x 2+14≥lg x (x >0),故选项A 不正确;而当x ≠k π,k ∈Z 时,sin x 的正负不定,故选项B 不正确;当x =0时,有1x 2+1=1,故选项D 不正确. 【答案】C2.已知a >0,b >0,a +b =2,则y =1a +4b的最小值是( )A .72 B .4 C .92D .5【解析】依题意,得1a +4b =12⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1a +4b ·(a +b )=12[5+(b a +4a b )]≥12(5+2b a ·4a b )=92,当且仅当⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a +b =2,b a =4a b,即a =23,b =43时取等号,即1a +4b 的最小值是92.【答案】C3.若正数x ,y 满足4x 2+9y 2+3xy =30,则xy 的最大值是 ( )A .43 B .53 C .2D .54【解析】由x >0,y >0,得4x 2+9y 2+3xy ≥2·(2x )·(3y )+3xy (当且仅当2x =3y 时等号成立),∴12xy +3xy ≤30,即xy ≤2,∴xy 的最大值为2.【答案】C4.已知a >b >0,则a 2+16ba -b的最小值是________. 【解析】∵a >b >0,∴b (a -b )≤⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫b +a -b 22=a 24,当且仅当a =2b 时等号成立.∴a 2+16b a -b ≥a 2+16a 24=a 2+64a2≥2a 2·64a 2=16,当且仅当a =22时等号成立.∴当a =22,b =2时,a 2+16b a -b取得最小值16.【答案】165.某单位在国家科研部门的支持下,进行技术攻关,采用了新工艺,把二氧化碳转化为一种可利用的化工产品.已知该单位每月的处理量最少为400吨,最多为600吨,月处理成本y (元)与月处理量x (吨)之间的函数关系可近似地表示为y =12x 2-200x +80 000,且每处理一吨二氧化碳得到可利用的化工产品价值为100元.(1)该单位每月处理量为多少吨时,才能使每吨的平均处理成本最低?(2)该单位每月能否获利?如果获利,求出最大利润;如果不获利,则需要国家至少补贴多少元才能使该单位不亏损?【解】(1)由题意可知,二氧化碳每吨的平均处理成本为y x =12x +80 000x-200≥212x ·80 000x-200=200, 当且仅当12x =80 000x,即x =400时等号成立,故该单位月处理量为400吨时,才能使每吨的平均处理成本最低,最低成本为 200元. (2)不获利.设该单位每月获利为S 元,则S =100x -y =100x -⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12x 2-200x +80 000=-12x 2+300x -80 000=-12(x -300)2-35 000,因为x ∈[400,600],所以S ∈[-80 000,-40 000].故该单位每月不获利,需要国家每月至少补贴40 000元才能不亏损.1.函数y =x 2+7x +10x +1(x >-1)的最小值是( )A .9B .2 3C .10D .2【解析】∵x >-1,∴x +1>0.∴y =x 2+7x +10x +1=(x +1)2+5(x +1)+4x +1=(x +1)+4x +1+5≥2x +1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫4x +1+5=9.当且仅当x +1=4x +1,即x =1时,取等号.【答案】A2.(2015·金华十校模拟)已知a >0,b >0,a ,b 的等比中项是1,且m =b +1a ,n =a +1b,则m +n 的最小值是( )A .3B .4C .5D .6【解析】由题意知:ab =1,∴m =b +1a =2b ,n =a +1b=2a ,∴m +n =2(a +b )≥4ab =4.【答案】B3.(2015·西安模拟)设x ,y ∈R ,a >1,b >1,若a x =b y=3,a +b =23,则1x +1y的最大值为( )A .2B .32 C .1D .12【解析】由a x =b y=3,得x =log a 3,y =log b 3,则1x +1y =1log a 3+1log b 3=lg a +lg b lg 3=lg ab lg 3.又a >1,b >1,所以ab ≤(a +b 2)2=3,所以lg ab ≤lg 3,从而1x +1y ≤lg 3lg 3=1,当且仅当a =b =3时等号成立.【答案】C4.已知x >0,y >0,且2x +y =1,则1x +2y的最小值是_____________.【解析】∵1x +2y=(2x +y )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1x +2y =4+y x +4x y≥4+2y x ·4x y =8,当且仅当y =12,x =14时,等号成立. 【答案】C5.已知x >0,y >0,且2x +5y =20. (1)求u =lg x +lg y 的最大值; (2)求1x +1y的最小值.【解】(1)∵x >0,y >0,由基本不等式,得2x +5y ≥210xy .∵2x +5y =20,∴210xy ≤20,xy ≤10,当且仅当2x =5y 时,等号成立.因此有⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2x +5y =20,2x =5y ,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =5,y =2,此时xy 有最大值10.∴u =lg x +lg y =lg(xy )≤lg 10=1.∴当x =5,y =2时,u =lg x +lg y 有最大值1.(2)∵x >0,y >0,∴1x +1y =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1x +1y ·2x +5y 20=120⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫7+5y x +2x y ≥120⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫7+25yx ·2x y =7+21020, 当且仅当5y x =2xy时,等号成立.由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2x +5y =20,5y x=2xy,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =1010-203,y =20-4103.∴1x +1y 的最小值为7+21020.1.已知x >0,y >0,x +2y +2xy =8,则x +2y 的最小值是( ) A .3 B .4 C .92D .112【解析】依题意,得(x +1)(2y +1)=9,∴(x +1)+(2y +1)≥2x +12y +1=6,即x +2y ≥4.当且仅当⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x +1=2y +1,x +2y +2xy =8,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =2,y =1时等号成立. ∴x +2y 的最小值是4.【答案】B2.若a ,b 均为大于1的正数,且ab =100,则lg a ·lg b 的最大值是( ) A .0 B .1 C .2D .52【解析】∵a >1,b >1,∴lg a >0,lg b >0.lg a ·lg b ≤lg a +lg b24=lg ab 24=1.当且仅当a =b =10时取等号.【答案】B3.已知不等式x +2x +1<0的解集为{x |a <x <b },点A (a ,b )在直线mx +ny +1=0上,其中mn >0,则2m+1n的最小值为( ) A .4 2 B .8 C .9D .12【解析】易知不等式x +2x +1<0的解集为(-2,-1),所以a =-2,b =-1,2m +n =1,2m +1n =(2m +n )(2m+1n )=5+2m n +2n m ≥5+4=9(当且仅当m =n =13时取等号),所以2m +1n的最小值为9. 【答案】C4.(2014·成都诊断)函数f (x )=lgx2-x,若f (a )+f (b )=0,则3a +1b的最小值为_________.【解析】依题意得0<a <2,0<b <2,且lg ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a 2-a ·b 2-b =0,即ab =(2-a )(2-b ),a +b 2=1,3a +1b =a +b 2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3a +1b =12⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫4+3b a +a b ≥12(4+23)=2+3,当且仅当3b a =ab ,即a =3-3,b =3-1时取等号,因此3a +1b的最小值是2+3.【答案】2+ 35.(2014·泰安期末考试)小王于年初用50万元购买一辆大货车,第一年因缴纳各种费用需支出6万元,从第二年起,每年都比上一年增加支出2万元,假定该车每年的运输收入均为25万元.小王在该车运输累计收入超过总支出后,考虑将大货车作为二手车出售,若该车在第x 年年底出售,其销售价格为(25-x )万元(国家规定大货车的报废年限为10年).(1)大货车运输到第几年年底,该车运输累计收入超过总支出?(2)在第几年年底将大货车出售,能使小王获得的年平均利润最大?(利润=累计收入+销售收入-总支出)【解】(1)设大货车到第x 年年底的运输累计收入与总支出的差为y 万元,则y =25x -[6x +x (x -1)]-50(0<x ≤10,x ∈N ), 即y =-x 2+20x -50(0<x ≤10,x ∈N ),由-x 2+20x -50>0,解得10-52<x <10+52.而2<10-52<3,故从第3年开始运输累计收入超过总支出.(2)因为利润=累计收入+销售收入-总支出,所以销售二手货车后,小王的年平均利润为y =1x [y +(25-x )]=1x (-x 2+19x -25)=19-⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x +25x ,而19-⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x +25x ≤19-2x ·25x=9,当且仅当x =5时等号成立,即小王应当在第5年将大货车出售,才能使年平均利润最大.1.若a ,b ∈R 且ab >0,则下列不等式中,恒成立的是( ) A .a +b ≥2abB .1a +1b>2abC .b a +ab≥2D .a 2+b 2>2ab【解析】∵ab >0,∴b a >0,a b >0.由基本不等式得b a +a b ≥2,当且仅当b a =a b,即a =b 时等号成立. 【答案】C2. 函数y =log a (x +3)-1 (a >0,且a ≠1)的图象恒过定点A ,若点A 在直线mx +ny +1=0上,其中m ,n 均大于0,则1m +2n的最小值为( )A .2B .4C .8D .16【解析】点A (-2,-1),所以2m +n =1.所以1m +2n=(2m +n )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1m +2n =4+n m +4m n≥8,当且仅当n =2m ,即m =14,n =12时等号成立.【答案】C3.若实数x ,y 满足x 2+y 2+xy =1,则x +y 的最大值为________.【解析】由x 2+y 2+xy =1,得(x +y )2-xy =1,即xy =(x +y )2-1≤(x +y )24,所以34(x +y )2≤1,故-233≤x +y ≤233,当x =y 时等号成立,所以x +y 的最大值为233. 【答案】2334.已知x >0,y >0,且满足x 3+y4=1,则xy 的最大值为________.【解析】∵x >0,y >0且1=x 3+y 4≥2xy12,∴xy ≤3,当且仅当x 3=y4时取等号.【答案】35.(2014·重庆卷)若log 4(3a +4b )=log 2ab ,则a +b 的最小值是__________.【解析】由log 4(3a +4b )=log 2ab ,得3a +4b =ab ,且a >0,b >0,∴4a +3b =1,∴a +b =(a +b )·(4a+3b)=7+(3ab+4ba)≥7+23ab·4ba=7+43,当且仅当3ab=4ba时取等号.【答案】7+4 3。
新人教A版必修5高中数学《3.4 基本不等式》导学案(4)

高中数学《3.4 基本不等式》导学案(4)新人教A 版必修5学习目标1.理解并掌握基本不等式及变形应用.2.会用基本不等式求最值问题※ 学习重点、难点:1.利用基本不等式求最值.(重点)2.利用基本不等式求最值时的变形转化(难点)求下列函数的最小值,并求取得最小值时,x 的值.231,(0)x x y x x ++=>题型一 利用基本不等式解有条件的最值问题1、若实数满足2=+b a ,则b a 33+的最小值是 .2、已知2x+3y=4,求xy 的最大值3、若x+3y-2=0,则3x +27y +1的最小值为 ( )A.7B.339C.1+22D.512,33y x x x =+>-12sin ,(0,)sin y x x x π=+∈题型二 整体代换:多次连用最值定理求最值时,要注意取等号的条件的一致性,否则就会出错4、已知0,0x y >>,且191x y +=,求x y +的最小值。
5、若+∈R y x ,且12=+y x ,求yx 11+的最小值6、已知0,0x y >>且191x y +=,求使不等式x y m +≥恒成立的实数m 的取值范围。
课后练习:3、设x ,y 都是正数,且1x +2y =3, 求2x +y 的最小值;4、若正数b a ,满足3++=b a ab ,则ab 的取值范围是 .5、若实数满足4=+b a ,则b a 22+的最小值是多少6、若x+2y-2=0,则3x +9y +1的最小值是多少7、若+∈R y x ,且14=+y x ,求yx 12+的最小值8、已知0,0x y >>,且341x y +=,求x y +的最小值。
10、 已知0,0x y >>且1161x y +=,求使不等式2x y m +≥恒成立的实数m 的取值范围。
必修五第三单元导学案

登封实验高级中学英语导学案Book 5 Unit 3 Life in the future辞汇课–于茉莉日期___________________ 班级______________________姓名__________教学目标知识目标:把握以下重点辞汇及短语的意思及用法:impression, lack, switch, instan…能力目标:1.在具体语境中识别和运用重点辞汇及短语。
2. 能够用重点辞汇及短语造简单的句子。
情感目标:学生在辞汇的明白得、经历、学习进程中,培育他们的合作学习能力教学重难点重点:学生能在具体的语境中识别和运用重点辞汇及短语。
难点:学生能够利用重点辞汇造句。
一.巩固默写1.n.印象;感想;印记→v.给某人深刻印象→adj.给人深刻印象的2.adj.时常发生的;持续不断的→adv.不断地3.adj.在前的;早先的4.n.指导;向导;导游vt.指引;指导5.n.周围的事物;环境adj.周围的→vt.围绕6.vt.容忍;忍受7.vi. & vt.缺乏;没有n.缺乏;欠缺的东西8.n.调整;调剂→vt.调整;使适应9.v按;压;强逼n.按;压;印刷;新闻→n.压力10.vt.系牢;扎牢11.n.开关;转换vt.转换12.adj.乐观(主义)的→(反义词)13.n.沙漠;荒漠14.n.打字员→n.打字机15.n.刹时;片刻adj.当即的;立刻的→adv.马上16.adj.贪吃的;贪婪的;贪婪的Ⅱ.重点短语扫描1.拿起;同意;开始;继续2.(窘境后)恢复;完全恢复3.看不见4.打扫;横扫5.(快捷而悄声地)移动;溜进……6.加速7.结果8.与……相似9.向四面八方10.率领某人参观二、课堂重点冲破1. impression n.印痕;印记;印象;感想have an impression of sth./doing sth. 对(做)某事有印象make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象make no impression on 对……无阻碍/成效Your performance gave me a strong impression.你的演出给我留下了很深的印象。
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昆明市第三十中学导学案昆明市第三十中学高二年级备课组英语学科导学案学生姓名班级班课题必修5 Unit3 语法课上课时间2012 年月日第节【学习目标】1、学习并掌握过去分词作定语和状语的用法。
2、区别现在分词与过去分词作定语和状语。
3、完成相关的语法练习。
【导学过程】一、独学具体内容安排:1、总结课文中过去分词作定语和状语的句子。
完成教材P21 Ex.1.2、研读以下过去分词作定语和状语的知识内容:过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。
它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。
一、过去分词作状语Ⅰ。
过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间是被动关系; 现在分词表进行、主动, 与主句主语之间是主动关系。
如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。
过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。
Ⅱ. 观察下列句子:Once published, (=Once his works was published, ) his works became famous。
1.过去分词作时间状语When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.When heated, ice will be changed into water.2. 过去分词作原因状语Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.3. 过去分词作条件或者假设状语If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.5. 作方式或伴随情况状语The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.Ⅲ.比较下列句子并进行总结。
( 跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. ( we were followed )( 被那个老人跟着, 我们上去)3. Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. ( The stadium is seen.)从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
4. Seeing from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.( The astronaut sees from the space. )从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。
总结:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。
如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
Ⅳ.Summary 过去分词作状语总结1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。
2.过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。
3.过去分词有两大特点:1). 表示被动的动作;2). 表示已经完成的动作,因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系--被动.二、过去分词作定语作定语用的过去分词和被修饰词之间是被动关系,强调一个被动完成或仅表完成的动作,相当于一个限制性定语从句。
如果是单个的单词,一般放在被修饰词前面;过去分词短语作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面。
翻译下列短语:An organized activity 有组织的活动spoken English 英语口语There are many fallen leaves on the ground.This is a novel written by Lu Xun. = This is a novel which was written by Lu Xuan.3. 理解过去分词作状语和定语的定义完成以下练习:(1) 过去分词/现在分词作状语可以表示____________、_____________、____________、___________、__________、______________等。
(时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件)(2) 过去分词作状语时,与主句主语是____________关系。
被动现在分词作状语时,与主句主语是____________关系。
主动(3)过去分词作状语,相当于一个________从句;当分词短语转变为一个状语从句时,该从句应该具备两个特征:________的主语和________的主语必须一致;谓语动词为______形式。
过去分词常修饰谓语,说明动作发生的原因、时间、条件、让步或伴随情况。
答案:状语从句主句被动昆明市第三十中学导学案提纲(4)-ing 形式作定语表__________ 和____________. 进行主动-ed形式作定语表__________ 和____________. 完成被动二、对学群学具体内容安排:1. 互查独学内容。
2. 完成教材P21 Ex.1、Ex.2和Ex.3.三、高效展示设计:四、当堂训练(资料引用报纸第四期B3版“即时即练”“语法小测”)五、学科班长课堂小结:知识点、学习思路方法、对学、群学、展示、点评等方面小结六、作业设置:Ⅰ。
复习巩固本节课内容。
改错。
Ⅱ。
完成下过去分词专项练习练习题。
1.What's the language________in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak2. ________some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed by3. Most of the people________ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting4. Do you know the boy________ under the big tree?A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying5. ________more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given6. The secretary worked late into the night, ________a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing7. Generally speaking,________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________the girl and took heraway,________ into the woods.A. seizing;disappearedB.seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD.seized; disappearing9. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains________whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen10. While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.A. an underground lake was discoveredB. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake11._____ our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream.A. To carryB. CarryingC. CarriedD. Carry12._____ my homework, I went home .A. Having finishedB. FinishedC. Being finishedD. Finish13____ the door unlocked, I went in.A. FindingB. FoundC. Had foundD. Have found14._____ carefully, this letter is very beautifulA. TypeB. TypingC. TypedD. To typed15.Animals can do many amazing things when properly___.A. trainB. trainingC. trainedD. to train16. Y ou must be careful when ___ on the highway.A. you drivingB. are drivingC. drivingD. you were driving17.If _____ , I will go to the party tonight.A. inviteB. invitingC. to inviteD. invited18. Thousands of products ____ from coal are now in daily use.A. madeB. makeC. makingD. to make19. Engines are machines ___ power or motion.A. produceB. producingC. producedD. which producing20.During this battle some soldiers were wounded , and some _____.A. missB. missedC. missingD. to miss21.Weather ____ , we will have a picnic tomorrow.A. permitB. permitsC. permittedD. permitting22.____, we left off our work.A. After setting the sunB. Having set the sunC. The sun having setD. Being the sun set.23.___ the painting, he gave a sigh of relief.A. FinishingB. Has finishedC. Being finishedD. Having finished24.___ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.A. TellingB. Having toldC. Having been toldD. Have told25 .The United States has developed into a modern nation in a very short time___ withmany other countries.A. comparesB. comparingC. to compareD. compared26. When you find something in your writing that needs _____ , you should mark it on thepaper.A. to be correctingB. correctC. to correctD. correcting答案:1-5 BBADA 6-10 BBDBD 11---15 BAACC 16--20 CDA BC 21---25 DCDCD 26 D昆明市第三十中学导学案提纲。