主动语态变被动语态的几个特例

主动语态变被动语态的几个特例

一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词to或for。如：He gave me a new watch.→1) I was given a new watch.

2) A new watch was given to me.

二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时，只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不可变为主语。如：They call me Jim. →I am called Jim.(不可说：Jim is called me.)

三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时，用“By+疑问词（宾格）”置于句首。如：

Who broke the glass? →By whom was the glass broken?

四、祈使句变为被动语态时，要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词”。如：Close the window. →Let the window be closed.

五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时，多用it作形式主语置于句首，原宾语从句成为真正主语（从句），从句中也需用被动语态。如：People said that Lin Feng could take good care of the baby. →

It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng.

六、含有谓语动词know的主动句变为被动语态时，不用by短语，需by改为to。如：

We all know the scientist. →The scientist is known to us all.

七、no one、nobody等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时，谓语

动词用否定式，不再用原主语，但可加上by anyone、by anybody等短语。如：

No one can lift the heavy box. →The heavy box can not be lifted (by anyone).

被动语态改错练习

下列每句均有错误，请改正：

1. The May 4 Movement(运动) was happened in 1919.

2. Who was my book taken away?

3. Was this room cleaned by you and he?

4. When did the sweater bought?

5. She was made sing a second song.

( sing 前加to（在make, hear, see, watch, feel等动词后作宾补的不定式不加to 。但这些动词构成的被动句中，不定式符号to 必须加上。）

6. The poor man was saved and gave some money.

7. A science lab is built now.

8. I was given by Li Ping two books.

9. A happy life is being lived by us.

10. Something must be did to finish the work on time.

答案： 1. was happened →happened 2. 句末加by或将原句改为By whom was my book taken away? 3. he→him 4. did→was 5. sing 前加to（在make, hear, see, watch, feel等动词后作宾补的不定式不加to 。但这些动词构成的被动句中，不定式符号to 必须加上。 6. gave→

given 此句意为“有人救了那个可怜的人，并给了他一点钱”，因此后一个动词也要用被动语态。7．is built→is being built 由now判断，应用现在进行时的被动语态。8．by Li Ping two books →two books by Li Ping . by短语一般置于被动谓语结构之后，但在含双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，by短语应置于另一保留宾语之后。9．原句改为：We are living a happy life. 主动句宾语为同源宾语时，不可改为被动句。10．did→done 被动谓语结构中的行为动词都有过去分词，而不是过去式。

主动语态变为被动语态的方法

一、简单句的主动语态变被动语态

(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：

Li Lei planted the tree last year. →The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。

Workers made the machines in Changsha. →The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。

(2) 将含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：

He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。

注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：

I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。

(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。

He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。

【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book登记, buy, call，get, make, do等。

(4) 动词believe, consider考虑, declare声明, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：

He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。

(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术