第三章 国际结算方式(一)汇款

信汇汇款是汇出行应汇款人申请将信汇委托书或支付委 托书邮寄给汇入行，授权其解付一定金额给收款人的 一种汇款方式。 信汇的费用比电汇低廉，但因支付凭证邮寄时间较长而 使收款较慢，故采用者较少。
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A simplified remittance diagram
Remitter 1. Signed Written Application Of M/T 信汇申请 2. Remittance receipt 信汇回执 Payee
Remitting bank
Paying bank
(1)Remittance application with funds and commission; (2)receipt (3)sends P.O. /telex/SWIFT instructing paying bank to make payment (4)after authenticating, notifies the payee (5)upon receipt, the payee provides the paying bank a receipt (6)the paying bank debited the remitting bank’s a/c and make payment (7)sends the debit advice and payment receipt from payee to the remitting bank (8)the debt is discharged
汇款是一种顺汇方式，是银行(汇出行)应汇款人(债务人)的要 求，以一定的方式将一定的金额，通过其国外联行或代理行 作为付款银行(汇入行)，付款给收款人(债权人)的一种结算 方式。
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Based on commercial credit
Advance payment预付
Exporter /seller
4. Receipt 收款人收据
5. Payment
3. Payment order by airmail 邮寄支付委托书
Remitting bank 6. Debit advice借记通知书
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Paying bank
3.3.2 Remittance by cable/telex/SWIFT
The remitting bank sends the Payment order to the paying bank by cable, telex, or SWIFT, authorizing the paying bank to make payment to the payee.
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3.1 definition

Remittance refers to the transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries. That is, a bank (the remitting bank), at the request of its customer (the remitter), transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branch or correspondent bank (the paying bank), instructing them to pay to a named person or corporation (the payee or beneficiary) domiciled in that country.
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3.3.1 Remittance by airmail (M/T)


Remittance by airmail (mail transfer i.e. M/T). A mail transfer is to transfer funds by means of payment order (支付委托书) or a mail advice (信汇委托书) issued by a remitting bank, at the request of the remitter. A payment order, mail advice or debit advice is an authenticated order in writing addressed by one bank to another instructing the latter to pay a sum certain in money to a specified person or a beneficiary named thereon.
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3.2.2 Payee or beneficiary 收款人/受益人 A person who is addressed to receive the remittance is named the Payee or beneficiary, exporter.
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3.2.3 Remitting bank 汇出行 A remitting bank is the bank transferring funds at the request of a remitter to its correspondent or its branch in another country and instructing the latter to pay a certain amount of money to a beneficiary. A remitting bank is the importer’s bank. The remitting bank must do as instructed in the application until the whole remittance is finished.
Remittance顺汇 Reverse remittance逆汇
payer
资金 Bank A
contract
payee
资金 Bank B
payer
Bank A
contract
payee
结算工具
结算工具
Bank B
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Remittance (顺汇)：也称汇付法，是由债务人 或付款人主动将款项交给银行，委托银行使用 某种结算工具，交付一定金额给债权人或收款 人的结算方法。结算工具的传递与资金的运动 方向一致。 Reverse remittance (逆汇)：又称出票法，是 由债权人以开出汇票的方式，委托银行向国外 债务人索取一定金额的结算方式。结算工具传 递方向与资金运动方向相反。
Outward Remittance 汇出汇款
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3.2.4 Paying bank 汇入行/解付行 A paying bank is the bank entrusted to by the remitting bank to pay a certain amount of money to a beneficiary named in the remittance advice. The paying bank must do in strict compliance with the payment order sent by the remitting bank. It should authenticate the relevant signature or test key to ensure it genuineness. Usually, the paying bank will not effect payment to the payee until its receipt of the funds from the remitting bank.
1payment
2Ship goods
Importer /buyer
Open account赊账
2payment 1Ship goods
Exporter /seller
Importer /buyer
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3.2 Parties related to a remittance
3.2.1 Remitter 汇款人 A remitter is the person who request his bank to remit funds to a beneficiary in a foreign country. He is also called the payer, importer. A reቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱitter should first submit a remittance application, which, upon acceptance by the remitting bank, evidences a contract between the remitter and the remitting bank.
payee
5. payment
4. Receipt 收款人收据
3.cable/telegraphic/SWIFT
remitting bank
加押电报、电传、SWIFT
6.Debit advice
Paying bank
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remitter
(1) (2)
(8) (3)
(7) (4)
payee
(5) (6)
Inward Remittance 汇入汇款
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3.3 ways of transfer
There are three basic ways for a bank to transfer funds for its client from home country to abroad. They are remittance by airmail (信汇), remittance by cable (电汇), and remittance by demand draft (票汇).