英语摘要

合集下载

英文摘要要求与格式

Reports of the synthesis of new dendrimers containing organometallic fragments have increased dramatically over the past few years and examples of dendrimers containing many different metals are now known. This article highlights some of the ways in which t ransition metals and their ligand systems have been incorporated into the growing number of dendrimers. Some structural details and properties of metal containing dendrimers are described , and their applications are also discussed.
摘要的每个概念、论点都要具体鲜明。一般不笼统地写论文“与什么有关”, 而直接写论文“说明什么”。用词方面要求准确,多用一些源自法语和拉丁语且使用范畴较窄的“大词”“长词”,尽量避免含混不清或一词多义的词语。摘要本身要完整。有些读者是利用摘要杂志或索引卡片进行研究工作的,很可能得不到全篇论文,因此要注意不要引用论文某节或某张插图来代替说明。
语态
科技文章一般都着重客观叙述,极力排除主观成分,不带感情色彩。因此写英文摘要时,往往采用第三人称的被动语态。用被动语态可以避免提及有关的执行者,使行文显得客观。同时,被动语态的句子在结构上有较大的调节余地,有利于采用恰当的修辞手段,扩展名词短语,扩大句子的信息量,有利于突出有关的概念、问题、事实、结论等内容。但有些表达采用主动语态比被动语态在结构上更简练,表达更为直接有力,可以突出动词所表达的内容。

英语摘要写法

摘要（Abstract）摘要(Abstract) 也成为内容提要，通常在学士论文中都必须附有摘要，其位置应放在论文的正文之前，对整个论文内容的概述。

无论对专业读者还是对非专业读者而言，摘要都是一个非常重要的文件。

摘要如果和论文一起发表，则被称为一次性出版物摘要，主要用于帮助读者评价文章内容及其潜在作用，使读者不必阅读全文就可以了解论文的内容。

除此之外，摘要也可以被单独收入文摘机构出版的摘要期刊如：生物学文摘（Biological Abstract）、化学文摘（Chemical Abstract）等、称为二次性出版物摘要。

此类脱离论文独立成篇的摘要主要用于方便读者检索文献、收集信息，帮助研究者寻找新的研究领域。

一．摘要的定义摘要的英文术语：有两个词汇，一个是abstract, 一个是summary.根据美国国家标准学会（American National Standard Institute）于1971年通过并颁布的《美国国家文摘写作标准》（American National Standard for Writing Abstracts）规定，Abstract 不应与summary 混同。

Abstract 对一篇论文的主要内容以精炼的文字进行高度概括，使读者不必阅读全文即可了解论文内容，或者让读者对即将阅读的文章有思想准备，或者让读者判断是否有通读全文的必要。

文中只对论文信息进行浓缩，而不加主观评论或解释，可以脱离原文而独立成篇。

字数通常在100~150个词左右，更确切地说，约为原文长度的1% ~ 5%（有的杂志规定摘要平均为全文的3% ~ 5%）。

现在越来越多的用法是abstract. 尤其是放在索引资料中一律要用abstract 这个术语，在论文的题目下也通常要用这个词。

Summary (概要) 与abstract 无明显差别。

严格地说，summary 一般附在论文的后面，对论文的主要结论和成果进行再叙述。

10英语摘要写作summary

abstract summary executive summary●abstract: a statement summarizing the important points of a text.（摘要）指面向专业读者的摘要，如学位文(dissertation)、学术刊物论文（journal paper）的摘要、学术会议论文（conference paper）的摘要及展示论文（poster）的摘要。

●summary（概要, 综述）一般指面向专业水平低一些的普通读者的摘要，读后能理解其大意、主要论点及新发现和见解等。

但有时abstract、summary也可互换。

如果正文前无abstract或executive summary，正文开始的第一段通常就是summary；如果前面有abstract，在短的论文中summary经常位于文章最后，功能相当于conclusion。

●executive summary（概要）通常指面向专业水平可能更低的公司、基金会决策人员的摘要，篇幅比abstract、summary长得多。

在正式项目报告中可以既有abstract，又有executive summary。

executive 在此指“执行官”“管理人员”“经理”等。

Summary Writing1.Accurate, clearly organized and clearly written2. A brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of the passage3.Indicate all the main points4.State their order and their emphasis5.For longer passages, important illustrations and examples should be included.6.Should not contain any of your own ideas, opinions, or conclusions.Length: no longer than one-quarter thelength of the original passageQualities of a summary:●Objectivity: No idea and judgment that are not the author’s should be included in thesummary.●Completeness: The summary should include every main idea in the article.●Balance: Giving equal attention to each main idea that the author stresses.Questions to judge a valid summary:a)Did I include all the important ideas?b)Did I omit all unnecessary words and phrases?c)Does the summary read smoothly?d)Would a reader of my summary who had not read the article get a clear idea of thearticle?How to write a summary?Here is a five-step process for writing summaries:1)Read the article carefully, try to understand it accurately and look for main ideas.2)Write a list of points in note form while reading the passage or the article.3)Connect your points to write a rough draft of the summary in your own words.Refer to the passage or the article only when you want to make sure of some points.Do not count the number of words until you have finished your rough draft.4)Revise the rough draft, inserting transitional words and phrases where necessary toensure coherence.5)Write a fair copy of the summary within the word limit after checking forgrammatical corrections, punctuation and spelling.Suggestions on writing summaries:1)Omitting the details2)Reducing the examples3)Simplifying the descriptions4)Eliminating all repetitions5)Using phrases instead of sentences or clauses while writing a list of the points6)Using the shortest possible transitionsbut, then, yet, for, thus7)Avoiding figurative language8)Putting the main points of a dialogue in indirect speechSummarize the following article:As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess appeared. She looked very pale, but was quite calm. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about the machines—o r at least how to drive a car. After a moment’s hesitation, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot’s cabin.Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close to the ground, but to everyone’s relief, it soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times in order to become familiar with the controls. But the danger had not yet passed. The terrible moment came when he had to land. Following instructions the man guided the plane towards the airfield. It shook violently as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly across the field, but after a long run it stopped safely. Outside, a crowd ofpeo ple who had been watching anxiously, rushed forward to congratulate the “pilot” on a perfect landing. (230 words)Making a list of main points:1.pilot fainted2.Air-hostess found a person3.Moved the pilot aside and listened to instructions.4.Plane flew low, climbed and circled the airport5.The man guided the plane--airport6.Touching ground, moved rapidly, stopped safely7.People rushed to congratulateWriting a rough draft:As there was something wrong with the plane, the passengers were thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess appeared and she looked for someone who could drive a car. Then, a passenger was led into the pilot’s cabin. When he moved the pilot aside, he sat down and listened to the urgent instructions which were being sent by radio from the airport below. Though the plane flew dangerously low, it soon climbed, and rounded the airport several times. Then, acting on instructions, the man guided the plane towards the airfield. On touching the ground, the plane moved rapidly until it stopped safely. After this, anxious people rushed forward to congratulate the “pilot” on a perfect landing. (116words)Making a fair copy:As the pilot fainted, the air-hostess managed to find a passenger to fly the plane. He followed instructions sent by radio from the airport below. The plane was flying dangerously low, but soon it began to climb and circle the airport. Acting on instructions, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. After touching the ground, the plane moved rapidly and stopped safely. People rushed to congratulate the “pilot” on the landing. (72 words)。

英语20篇摘要复述范文

英语20篇摘要复述范文I understand your request for 20 summaries of English articles, each with a minimum length of 1000 words, while not revealing the prompts used. However, providing 20 separate summaries of such length and adhering to specific requirements is beyond the scope of a single response. Additionally, it would be challenging to generate content without knowledge of the actual articles or prompts.Instead, I can provide you with a general template for how you can structure your summaries and offer guidance on how to approach this task. You can then use this template and guidance to create your own summaries based on the specific articles and prompts you have.Summary Template:1. Introduction (100-150 words):Briefly introduce the topic or theme of the article.Provide a general overview of the main points or arguments.2. Main Points/Arguments (600-700 words):Summarize each main point or argument from the article in your own words.Ensure that you cover all key ideas and information.You can organize this section based on the structure of the original article (e.g., chronological order, themes, etc.).3. Conclusion/Personal Thoughts (150-200 words):Provide a brief conclusion that sums up the main ideas from the article.Optionally, add your own thoughts or opinions on the topic.You can also mention any implications orapplications of the article's content.Guidance for Creating Summaries:Read the Article Carefully: Ensure that you fully understand the content and arguments of the article before attempting to summarize it.Focus on Key Points: Identify the most important and relevant points from the article and focus on summarizing those. Avoid including irrelevant or tangential information.Use Your Own Words: While referencing the article, strive to express the ideas and arguments in your own words. This helps to ensure that the summary is clear and concise.Maintain Objectivity: When providing your own thoughts or opinions, ensure that you maintain a balanced and objective tone. Avoid expressing extreme or subjective viewpoints.Check for Length: Monitor the length of your summary to ensure that it meets the required minimum of 1000 words. You can adjust the length of each section accordingly.Remember, creating summaries is a skill that requires practice and refinement. With time and experience, you will become more proficient at summarizing articles while maintaining their original meaning and context.。

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

请同学们注意，概要和摘要的写作内容及写作方法是完全不同的。

有的人把概要也称为摘要，切记一定要区分开！概要的英语是：summary, 摘要的英语是：abstract 。

概要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。

第一步：阅读A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。

如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。

阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B．给摘要起一个标题。

用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。

也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。

主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。

一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。

对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。

摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。

只保留主要观点。

2) 选择一至两个例子。

原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。

如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。

4) 避免重复。

在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。

但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。

应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。

5) 压缩长的句子。

如下列两例：“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。

考博英语作文摘要模板【十篇】

考博英语作文摘要模板【十篇】【第一篇】考博英语作文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。

尽量使用短句，慎用长句。

2、应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。

进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。

3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。

In the beginning of the essay, the writer clings to the idea that we should attach utmost significance to the issue of _. It is no easy task to find the reason for this complicated phenomenon which involves several factors. To begin with, the past several decades have witnessed a thought-provoking social phenomenon that _has been arising from all over the world. Furthermore, the author illustrates the deep-rooted reason by stressing the fact that _is of great importance to the development of our society. Finally, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from the last paragraph that _ is also a key factor contributed to this issue.在本文开头，作者坚持认为我们应该充分重视_(中心词)这一问题。

英语专业学术论文写作：摘要

英语专业学术论⽂写作：摘要学术论⽂写作：摘要⼀、摘要的写作⽬的和结构要素摘要简要地概述论⽂的内容, 拥有与正⽂同等量的主要信息，即不阅读全⽂，就能获得必要的信息。

其结构要素是：(1) 主题阐述（Topic specification）；(2) 研究⽬的陈述（Purpose statement）；(3) 理论指导（Theory/Perspective）(3) 研究⽅法(Methodology and Data)；(4) 研究结果/发现（Results/Findings）；(5) 研究结论/启⽰（Conclusions/Implications）。

练习1：就结构要素评析下⾯4个摘要（为判断⽅便，列汉语标题）Sample 11. Introduction2. Translation Activity in New Century2.1Definition and Purpose of Translation Activity2.2 Translation Activity under the Background of Cross-culture Communication2.2.1The Trend of Cross-culture Communication2.2.2 New Requirements for Translation Activity3. The Trend of Cross-culture Communication3.1 Definitions of Cultural Symbols3.2 The Formation of Characteristic Cultural Symbols3.3Main Categories of Cultural Symbols4. Strategy in Dealing with Cultural Symbols Translation4.1 Comparison between Domestication and Foreignization4.2 Nida Eugene. A and Dynamic Equivalence Translation4.3 Translation Studies School and Foreignization4.4 Two Strategies in Text Analysis5. Conclusion1. Introduction2. The Rhetorical Motivation in Trade Name2.1 Rational Needs and Rational Needs2.1.1 Rational Needs2.1.2 Emotional Needs2.2 Cultural Factors2.2.1 Ethnic Culture2.2.2 Regional Culture2.2.3 Religious Culture2.2.4 Culture of Place and Person3. The Rhetorical Approaches to Trade Name 3.1 Homophone3.1.1 Homophone in Chinese3.1.2 Homophone between Chinese and English 3.1.3 Homophone in English3.2 Onomatopoeia3.2.1 Emotional onomatopoeia3.2.2 Rational onomatopoeia3.3 Rhyme3.3.1 Alliteration3.3.2 The Ending of Lines of Verse3.3.3 Assonance3.4 Reduplicated Sound4. The Translation of Trade Names4.1 Transliteration4.2 Variant Translation4.3 Phonological and Semantic Combination5. Conclusion附：该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1 Rational and Objective of the Study1.2 Organization of the Paper2.Theoretical Foundation of Verbal Irony Study: A Pragmatic Approach2.1 Description of Verbal Irony2.2 Gricean Perspectives—Irony as Conversational Implicature2.3 Post-Gricean perspective—Irony as Echoic Mentioning3. Verbal Irony and the Responses in Public Debate3.1 Assumptions and Expectations3.2 Introduction to American Public Presidential Debate (APPD) and the Debate Extract Analyzed3.3 Analysis Based on EMT4. Conclusion4.1 Findings in EMT Application—Uncertainty4.1.1 Uncertainty in Identifying Verbal Irony4.1.2 Uncertainty in Justifying the Working Mechanism4.2 Tentative Suggestion—Pragmatics with Lights from the Rhetorical Perspective 4.3 Last Remarks附：该论⽂⽬录CONTENTS1. Introduction1.1Rationale1.2 Literature Review1.3 The Organization of the Thesis2. Theoretical F oundations of D omestication and F oreignization2.1 Domestication and Foreignization2.1.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2 Functions of Domestication and Foreignization2.1.2.1 Function of Domestication2.1.2.2 Function of Foreignization2.2 Political News2.2.1 Definition of Political News2.2.2 The Stylistic Features of Political News and Translated PoliticalNews3. Domestication and F oreignization in the T ranslation of P olitical N ews3.1 The Uniqueness of Domestication and Foreignizationin the Translation of Political News3.2 Three Factors Influencing the Choice of Domestication and Foreignization3.2.1 The Translator’s Subjective Factors3.2.2 The Reader3.2.3 The Political Ideology3.3 The Balance of Domestication and Foreignization4. Conclusion⼆、内容的注意事项1. 不要写成⽂献综述（?Sample 1）, 也不要说⼈所共知的话(? sample 5)2. 以上结构要素要有具体内容，不要空洞练习2：下⽂是从语⽤顺应理论出发对商务信函写作（sample 5）和商标翻译(Sample 6) 进⾏的研究, 请你（1）删掉⽆关的内容，（2）核对结构要素，（3）并判断哪个内容具体。

论文季Howtowriteanabstract如何写英文摘要

论文季Howtowriteanabstract如何写英文摘要Write an Abstract如何写英文摘要春暖花开，又到了写论文的季节。

没有时间踏青？还在为论文苦恼？本期我们就一起来学习一下如何写英文摘要吧！在这个春天，我们一起做灿烂的学术宅什么是摘要 What is an abstract?An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper or entire thesis.摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

为什么要写摘要 Why write an abstract?Selection: Abstracts allow readers who may beinterested in the paper to quickly decide whether it is relevant to their purposes and whether they need to read the whole paper.Indexing: Most academic journal databases accessed through the library enable you to search abstracts. This allows for quick retrieval by users. Abstracts must incorporate the key terms that a potential researcher would use to search.允许读者进行快速筛选，检索，通过题目，关键词等方法判断他们是否需要阅读整篇文章。

What to include in an abstract1Reasons for WritingThe importance of the research and why would readers be interested in this large work?首先，摘要中应该包含本篇论文的重要性，言简意赅阐述清楚写作目的。

2019年英文摘要的论文范文

英文摘要的论文范文有了英文摘要便方便了国际间的交流，取长补短，共同进步。

下面准备了几篇英文摘要的论文范文，欢迎欣赏!英文摘要的论文范文一Fortheviolationoflegitimaterightsandinterestsofconsumersava rietyofoffenses,howtoprovideforthecorrespondinglegalrespons ibilitiesandhowthelegalliabilitysystemreflectedthespecialpr otectionofconsumersshouldbe"ConsumerProtectionLaw"keysolved alegalissue.Tosolvethislegalproblem,itisnecessarytofurtherestablishareg ulatedmarketoperatingordertoprotectlegitimateinterestsofcon sumersandimprovingthelegalliabilitysystem.Ontheonehandistoestablishalegalsystemtheconceptofprotection ofconsumers;theotherhand,istoimproveconsumerprotectionlegalliabilitysys tem.对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为，如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护，应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。

要解决好这一法律性问题，就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。

一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念;另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。

英文摘要的论文范文二Titaniumore,electedfrommagiteorTitanmagite,iswidelyusedasth erawmaterialintheproductionoftitaniumdioxide.Titaniumqualit yanditsyieldconstraintsisoftenthebottleneckinthetitaniumind ustry.Thus,wecannotblindlyconsumealargeamountofcapitaltomaintaino rimproveitsqualityandyield.Thispapermakesanattempttoexplore sandoptimizethedevelopmentofthetitaniumindustry,throughinsi deandoutsideobservationandassociation.Inthispaper,flotation testsareconductedtoparetheoriginalpulptitaniumorewithPolyac rylamideandthatwithoutontheconcentrategradeyieldoftitaniumc oncentrates.Inthisprocess,theconsumptionofdrugs,therecoveryrateof,equip mentutilization,theamountandcostofpolyacrylamide(PAM)areall consideredtodeterminewhetheritisaptimizationprogramtoaddPol yacrylamidetotheoriginalflotationpulpoftitaniumore.Finally,wereachaconclusionthroughrelevantdata.Intheexperime ntalprocess,inprinciple,wedonotchangetheoriginalflotationprocessandtherelevantparam eters.Keywords:Titaniumore;Flotation;Polyacrylamide;quality;yield 英文摘要的论文范文三【ABSTRACT】Withthedeepeningoftheglobalization,newshasbeeanimportantpar tofinformationmunicationbetweendifferentcountries.WhetherEnglishnewstranslationisaccurateornotmaydirectlyaffe ctthequalityofourmunicationwithothercountries.InEnglishnews reportdiscourse,theuseofmetaphorexpressionsbeemoreandmore.DuetoEnglishnewsandotherstylisticdifferences,aswellastheEng lishandChineselanguages,ethnicdifferencesinideologyinthepro cessofcross-culturalmunication,makethetranslationofEnglishn ews,especiallyEnglishnewstranslationofmetaphorputforwardgreatch allengetotranslators.SohowtotranslatethemetaphorintheEnglis hnewsisthemutualconcernproblemfortranslationtheoristsandpra ctitionerstodiscuss,therefore,thispaperattemptstofromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequi valencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglishnews .TheapplicationofmetaphorinEnglishnewsmakeseventsmoredistinc tandvivid,andalsomakeiteasierforEnglishreaderstoprehendandu nderstandthenewscontents.However,duetothedifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,the useofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsincreasesthedifficultyoftranslat ion.ThisarticleattemptsfromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglish news,inordertomakeChinesereadersbetterunderstandthesameresponsea ndsenseofbeautyandmeaningofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsastheorigi nalreaders.metaphorRhetoricisnotsimpleoftranslationintoChineseinEnglis hnewsfromtheliteraltransformation,althoughsomerhetoricorare totallythesameinformandcontent,whilethisisjustafew.ThereareculturaldifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,inf luencedbydifferentcultures.People'swayofthinkingandexpressi onhavedifferencesinevitably.Whenthetranslatorshouldfirstlyc onsciouslypondertheintentionoftheauthor,digthedeepmeaninghiddenbehindthemetaphorrhetoricofbackgroun d.Underthefunctionalequivalencetheoryregardthetranslatorast heguidance,conformtothelanguagehabitsofthetargetlanguagerea ders,makeChinesereaderscanbetterunderstandthetranslationofm etaphorinEnglishnews.KEYWORD：Englishnews;metaphor;functionalequivalencetheory;translation【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入，新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。

英语20篇摘要复述范文

英语20篇摘要复述范文英文回答：1. Summary: The article discusses the importance of empathy in communication and provides practical tips for developing empathetic communication skills.2. Rephrase: Empathy allows us to understand and share the feelings of others, leading to more effective and meaningful communication. Cultivating empathy involves actively listening, reflecting on perspectives, and expressing genuine concern.3. Summary: The article explores the benefits of gratitude and suggests ways to incorporate it into daily life.4. Rephrase: Expressing gratitude can foster happiness, strengthen relationships, and improve overall well-being. One can practice gratitude by keeping a gratitude journal,writing thank-you notes, and actively acknowledging the positive aspects of their lives.5. Summary: The article emphasizes the power of storytelling as a communication tool and provides guidance on effective storytelling techniques.6. Rephrase: Crafting compelling narratives can engage audiences, convey ideas, and foster emotional connections. Effective storytelling involves tailoring the story to the audience, using vivid imagery, and incorporating personal experiences.7. Summary: The article discusses the challenges of effective listening and offers strategies for improving listening skills.8. Rephrase: Active listening requires focus, attention, and the ability to understand both verbal and nonverbal cues. To improve listening, one should practice undivided attention, ask clarifying questions, and provide feedbackto demonstrate understanding.9. Summary: The article explores the concept of emotional intelligence and its role in enhancing communication skills.10. Rephrase: Developing emotional intelligence involves recognizing and managing one's own emotions as well as understanding and responding to the emotions of others. This skill facilitates effective communication by creating a positive emotional environment for dialogue.11. Summary: The article highlights the significance of nonverbal communication in conveying messages and building rapport.12. Rephrase: Nonverbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and eye contact, can communicate emotions, attitudes, and intentions more effectively than words alone. Understanding and deciphering nonverbal cues helps build rapport, foster trust, and facilitate clear communication.13. Summary: The article discusses the impact ofcultural differences on communication and providesstrategies for effective cross-cultural communication.14. Rephrase: Cultural factors, including norms, values, and communication styles, can influence the way messagesare conveyed and interpreted. To navigate cross-cultural communication, one should be aware of cultural differences, respect diverse perspectives, and adapt communicationstyles accordingly.15. Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of clarifying communication goals before engaging in any conversation.16. Rephrase: Establishing clear communication goals ensures that both parties have a shared understanding ofthe purpose of the conversation and what they hope to achieve from it. This helps focus the discussion, avoid misunderstandings, and set realistic expectations.17. Summary: The article discusses the role of feedbackin effective communication and provides guidelines for giving and receiving constructive criticism.18. Rephrase: Feedback is essential for growth and improvement in communication skills. To give constructive criticism effectively, focus on specific behaviors, provide clear and actionable advice, and maintain a positive and supportive tone. When receiving feedback, be receptive, seek clarification, and strive to use it to enhance communication abilities.19. Summary: The article highlights the importance of adapting communication styles to different audiences and situations.20. Rephrase: Tailoring communication to the audience and context ensures that messages are conveyed in a manner that resonates with the receiver. This involves considering factors such as age, culture, background, and communication preferences. By adapting communication styles, individuals can enhance their ability to connect with others and achieve effective communication outcomes.中文回答：1. 摘要，本文探讨同理心在沟通中的重要性，并提供了培养同理心沟通技巧的实用建议。

论文英文摘要写法

2
作者姓名与作者单位英译 1) 作者姓名中国作者的汉语拼音名字采用如下拼写方法：姓前名后，中间为空格，姓氏的全部字母均大写，复姓连写，名字的首字母大写，名字不缩写。如：ZHANG Zeduan SHANGGUAN Xuzhi
英语国家的作者，采用名前姓后的形式，
其他非英语国家人名按作者自己提供的罗马字母拼法拼写。
论文摘要写作
I：Introduction

英文摘要的构成摘要是原始文献(一次文献)的浓缩和代表,它本身给读者一个信息, 即该文献所包含的主要概念和讨论的主要问题,帮助读者决定此论文是否有用。由于英文摘要与中文摘要面向不同读者,所以对英文摘要要求较高的完整性,即读者不看中文原始文献,只读英文摘要就能对论文有较完整的了解。它包括介绍性内容和描述性信息,相对独立于正文。
（2）一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时
刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等)。例如:The heat-pulse technique was applied to study the sternsapflow(树干液流) of two main deciduous broad-leaved tree species in July and August ,1996。需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的,而只是当时如何如何;所描述的研究过程,也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。
4
) 大小写科技论文英文摘要标题中字母大小写的情况分三种： (1)全部字母均大写。 (2)开头字母以及每个实词首字母大写, 虚词小写。 (3) 开头第一个字母和专有名词大写, 其余均小写。目前第2种形式较为普遍,第3种的使用似有增多趋势。

英文文章摘要怎么写.doc

英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。

英语摘要翻译13篇

1.为了研究电网电压跌落对永磁同步电机风电系统的影响,进行了实验室实验并构建永磁直驱风电系统的仿真模型,分别对永磁同步发电机和变流器进行控制,分析当电网电压跌落30% (2 s)、跌落50% (0. 5s)以及跌落85% (0. 2 s)三种情况时电机和变流器的运行情况。

实验结果和MA TLAB R2007a/SimuLink仿真结果表明,永磁同步发电机转速跟踪很好;发电机侧输出电流近似正弦;在电网电压跌落的同时还能对电网提供一定的无功支持,直驱式永磁同步电机风电系统具有较强的低电压穿越能力。

In order to study the influence of grid voltages dip on permanent magnet synchronous motor of wind power system, laboratory experiments and simulation system of direct-driven permanent wind power system were carried out, which were to control the permanent-magnet synchronous generator, commentator motor and analysis three operation conditions when grid voltages dip by 30% (2 seconds), 50% (0. 5 seconds) and 85% (0. 2 seconds). The result of experiment and simulinked by MA TLAB R2007a/SimuLink indicated that permanent-magnet synchronous generator speed tracked well current output from the generator-side approximated sinusoidal When the grid voltages dip, it could provide some of reactive power supporting. The direct-driven permanent-magnet synchronous generator of wind power system had a strong low-voltage penetration capability.2.风机变流器是风电机组实现低电压穿越的关键部件，其控制性能的提升有利于提高风电机组的低电压穿越能力。

怎么写英语作文摘要带翻译

怎么写英语作文摘要带翻译标题，How to Write an English Essay Abstract with Translation。

Abstract: 。

Writing an effective English essay abstract requires a clear understanding of the essay's content and main points. Start by summarizing the key arguments and findings in a concise and coherent manner. Use clear and precise language, avoiding unnecessary details. Ensure that the abstract reflects the structure and focus of the essay accurately. Finally, provide a translated version of the abstract inthe desired language to make the essay accessible to awider audience.Introduction:Writing an English essay abstract is an essential skill for students and scholars alike. Whether you're summarizingyour own work or providing an overview of someone else's essay, a well-written abstract can help readers understand the main points of the essay quickly. In this essay, wewill discuss the key steps to writing an effective English essay abstract and provide examples to illustrate each point.Key Steps to Writing an English Essay Abstract:1. Understand the Essay Content:Before you can write an abstract, it's crucial to fully understand the content of the essay. This involves reading the essay carefully and identifying the main arguments, key findings, and supporting evidence. Take note of the essay's structure and the flow of ideas to ensure that your abstract accurately reflects the content.明白文章内容，在撰写摘要之前，充分理解文章的内容至关重要。

英文摘要的概念、作用及分类

英文摘要的概念、作用及分类赵珍祥2010121001一、概念及意义摘要又称概要、内容提要。

摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

其基本要素包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。

具体地讲就是研究工作的主要对象和范围，采用的手段和方法，得出的结果和重要的结论，有时也包括具有情报价值的其它重要的信息。

1）目的——研究、研制、调查等的前提、目的和任务，所涉及的主题范围。

2）方法——所用的原理、理论、条件、对象、材料、工艺、结构、手段、装备、程序等。

3）结果——实验的、研究的结果、数据，被确定的关系，观察结果，得到的效果、性能等。

4）结论——结果的分析、研究、比较、评价、应用，提出的问题等。

在日益频繁的国际性经济贸易活动和科学技术交流活动中，英语的应用日益广泛，实际上它已成为一种国际上通用的“世界语”。

科技学术论文如果要在国际学术会议上交流或在国际学术刊物上发表都须用英文撰写。

即使要在国内的各类期刊上发表也须附上论文的英文题名、英文摘要及英文关键词，以便参加国际学术交流。

1．英文摘要的概念和作用科技文章的“摘要”就是对文章主要内容的摘录。

国际标准化组织（ISO）的国际标准ISO214-1976（E）中规定，“摘要”一词统一为abstract，其定义为An abbreviated，accurate representation of the contents of a document without added interpretation or criticism（对原文内容准确、扼要的表述，而不加以解释和评论）。

摘要是从原文中抽出主题内容，以简练的文字写成，既可独立成章，又能单独刊载在文摘刊物上。

摘要包括了与论文主体等量的主要信息，可供读者在最短的时间内确定有无必要阅读全文。

当今的科技文献真可谓“浩如烟海”，科技工作者要在短时间内查到自己所需要的信息，除了利用科学的检索手段之外，对每篇文章的取舍只能通过阅读摘要来决定。

论文英文摘要范文

英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.求论文英文摘要Keywords: Awareness of their homes; Customs; Life forms; Value of life求毕业论文英文摘要,请大虾帮忙啊范文1. 碧绿的大海里，鱼儿在自由自在地遨游；蔚蓝的天空下，鸟儿在无拘无束地鸣唱，青翠的草地上，花儿在争先恐后地开放……整个世界，显得那么生机盎然！生命是什么，生命是风的轻盈岁月，生命是雨的淋漓尽致，生命是有着许多合音的交响，生命是有着一颗感恩而快乐的心，生命是能够每日快乐洋溢的幸福。

生命给予了我们无限多的东西，我们唯一能回报生命的只有珍爱生命。

我们要学会珍惜生命，理解生存的意义，善待自己，善待他人。

现代社会中，各种各样不珍惜生命的行为很多，比如犯罪，吸毒等等，许多同学对于毒品的危害认识不足，只是表面上知道毒品不好，但是会有多大危害呢？会产生什么样的后果不是很清楚。

现在许多同学对于生命没有一个完整正确的认识，不知道生命的含义，对于死亡没有基本的恐惧和严肃的态度。

往往因为一点小事，动不动就拿死来威胁，产生轻生的想法，甚至有一些同学真的去做，这种行为给社会和家庭带来了很大的损失，这是极不负责任的行为。

(完整word版)英语摘要十大万能模板

英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。

尽量使用短句，慎用长句。

2、应采用第三人称表达方式,谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。

进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。

3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。

英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people，one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned，__ is of utmost significance to our society。

The last but not the least, as is illustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration。

Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial。

在本段的第一段，作者强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词).几个主要原因促成了这一趋势。

首先，在被人们确定的最有力的原因中，有一点原因应该得到重视，那就是＿（分论点一）。

其次，作者认为＿（分论点二）对我们的社会意义重大。

每日新闻摘要英语作文

每日新闻摘要英语作文Title: Daily News Summary: April 20, 2024。

Today’s headlines bring a diverse range of events from around the globe, encompassing politics, science, culture, and more. Let’s delve into the significant stories shaping our world.1. Political Developments:US-Russia Relations: Tensions continue to simmer between the United States and Russia as diplomatic exchanges fail to produce substantial breakthroughs. The recent expulsion of diplomats from both nations underscores the strained relationship, with little indication of immediate reconciliation.Middle East Peace Talks: Efforts towards achieving lasting peace in the Middle East persist, with regional leaders engaging in discussions facilitated byinternational mediators. While challenges remain formidable, there is cautious optimism that meaningful progress can be achieved through dialogue and negotiation.2. Scientific Advancements:Breakthrough in Cancer Research: Scientists have announced a significant breakthrough in cancer research, unveiling a novel treatment approach that shows promising results in early clinical trials. This development offers hope for more effective treatment options and improved outcomes for cancer patients worldwide.Climate Change Mitigation: Amid growing concernsover climate change, researchers have identified innovative strategies for mitigating its impact. From carbon capture technologies to renewable energy initiatives, concerted efforts are underway to combat climate change and safeguard the planet for future generations.3. Cultural Highlights:Celebrating Diversity: Communities around the world come together to celebrate diversity and promoteinclusivity through various cultural events and initiatives. From multicultural festivals to art exhibitions showcasing diverse perspectives, these efforts serve to foster understanding and appreciation across different culturesand backgrounds.Preserving Heritage: Preservation efforts are underway to safeguard cultural heritage sites and artifacts from the threats of neglect, destruction, and looting. Through collaborative endeavors between governments, NGOs, and local communities, steps are being taken to ensure that these invaluable treasures are protected for posterity.4. Economic Updates:Global Economic Outlook: Economists assess theglobal economic landscape, highlighting key trends and projections for growth in the coming months. While challenges such as inflation and supply chain disruptions persist, there are signs of recovery in certain sectors,offering hope for sustained economic momentum.Tech Sector Boom: The technology sector experiences a surge in investment and innovation, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, blockchain, and other emerging technologies. This growth presents opportunities for job creation, entrepreneurship, and disruptive change across industries.5. Humanitarian Efforts:Addressing Refugee Crisis: The international community mobilizes to address the ongoing refugee crisis, providing aid and support to displaced populations worldwide. Efforts focus on ensuring access to essential services such as shelter, healthcare, and education, while also advocating for long-term solutions to address root causes of displacement.Disaster Relief: Humanitarian organizations respond to natural disasters and humanitarian emergencies, delivering life-saving assistance to affected communities.From providing emergency shelter and medical aid to facilitating clean water and sanitation services, these efforts are crucial in times of crisis.In conclusion, today’s news highlights the complexities and challenges facing our world, but also the resilience and determination of individuals and communities to create positive change. As we navigate through these turbulent times, let us remain committed to fostering dialogue, advancing knowledge, and building a moreinclusive and sustainable future for all.。