科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料]
《科技英语》课后习题答案
Main Content: UNIT 1 MATHEMATICSI.Text OrganizationParts ParagraphsMain IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science ofstrategy which studies both pure conflicts(zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperativeforms.Part Two Paras.4-11 There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential-move game and simultaneous-move game.Part Three Paras.12-19The typical examples of game theory are givenas the basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves,bargaining, concealing and revealinginformation.Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded inillustrating strategies in situations ofconflict and cooperation and it will focus onthe design of successful strategy in future. nguage PointsThe games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (Para.1)Paraphrase: The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child bringing-up and from tennis to handovers.range: v. to vary between limits, extend, run in a linee.g. (1) The price ranges from $ 30 to $ 80. (2) The boundary ranges from north to south.takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. 接收、接管e.g. The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeover. Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (Para.2)pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others)e.g. The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital.pioneer: n. original investigator of subject or explorer or settler; initiator of enterprisee.g. The young generation was greatly motivated by the pioneers’exploits.That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implementtheir actions jointly. (Para.2)Paraphrase: That is, the players were expected to select and carry out their actions together.…he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foresee e.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution.anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time 预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always anticipate his income.The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. (Para.4)Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other.essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thinge.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possiblee.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint (椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each otherinter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview等。
综合教程2Unit1-Unit12课后翻译答案
1.Thanks to the modern technology, the film about thatancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2.That ancient city was devastated by the fire, butfortunately the stone tablet survived.3.The videotape and the story by the women filled themwith sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.4.in that earthquake, we heard many stories of teacherswho had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives.5.the construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558,but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money.6. in 1980, when I met up with her,, she had justreturned from abroad with a master’s degree.7.It was my first visit to New York, but I managed tofind my way to the little firm.8.It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry,but as a director Xie Jin did it.1.many vain young people are obsessed with fancy carsdespite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them.2.their marriage finally fell apart when his affairwith another woman was found out by his wife.3.for artistic inspiration, the artist lived in thecountry for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life.4.I’m not sure if we can have the excursion toChongming Island tomorrow. It’s at the mercy of the weather.5.when he was young he went to Japan to learn medicine,but after he returned to China he changed his mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life.6.She’s taken up with a man old enough to be her father,which is a disgrace to her parents.7.since 1978, our economy has witnessed a rapiddevelopment; in contrast that of some developed countries has declined.8.the earthquake isolated the city from other areas.Their food supplies will not hold out through thewinter.Unit 31.the fans waited anxiously in the rain for two hoursbefore the ‘super girl’ finally showed up.2.they had been in love for 8 years and gone throughmany agonies, before they finally got married.3.I was upset by the loss of my wallet, but I could onlyconsole myself-it could have been worse. What if I had lost my passport at the airport?4.given that he was young and inexperienced, hisperformance in his first movie was excellent.5.every time he left on business, the manager wouldauthorize his assistant to act for him, as the business of the company couldn’t wait.6.the poor old man did not have much to eat, but he kepthealthy because he believed in the benefit of doing exercise.7.of all the ancient civilization, only that of Chinaendured through the ages and is still full of vitality.8.like many other writers, this young writer focuseson the eternal theme of love. What sets him apart fromothers is his keen observation of rural life in China. Unit 41.children may swim here provided that they areaccompanied by adults,2.this American journalist made a fool of himself overhis remarks about China, because he’s been out of touch with what’s been happening in the country in the past three decades,3.every person has the right to education, regardlessof his family background, sex, and age.4.the invention of the Internet, despite the fact thatit has given rise to some problems,, has greatly facilitated almost every aspect of our life, including education, medicine, and business.5.never overlook your travel insurance when you areplanning to spend your holiday abroad; otherwise you might find yourself in great trouble if any accident should occur,6.in the movie that billionaire was faced with adilemma-either divorce his wife, who would then carve out half of his financial empire, or murder her at the risk of being found out by the police,7.as the husband lost his job in the financial crisis,the new couple had to cut down on a lot of things-furniture, clothes, records, books, and so on.8.over 30 years ago, right after the CulturalRevolution, Deng Xiaoping told the people that the only way out laid in reform and opening up to the outside world.Unit 51.this film actor is more inclined than most people tohelp the handicapped because he himself suffered a stroke ten years ago.2.the old man is afflicted with rheumatism, but he stillgoes jogging and climbs mountains every day.3.some of the flaws in the American financial system,which had never received due attention, eventually led to disastrous consequences.4.he held on to his shares of that company when theprices were dropping sharply last year. Now he has made a fortune.5.just dismiss the idea from your mind-it’s crazy andnot worth thinking about at all.6.we were all set to leave for the holiday in New Yorkwhen the 9/11 incident shook the world.7.if you think I have a magic formula to solve theproblem, you are bound to be disillusioned.8.that Japanese company succeed in penetrating the USTV market.Unit 61.our group was assigned to decorate the garden whilethe others were preparing the food in the kitchen.2.on the battlefield the young man was delighted to meeta long-lost brother who came out of the blue.3.who has used up the milk? There is none to put in mycoffee.4.rumor has it that this painting is fake and that theoriginal one was stolen three years ago.5.one person may not be able to change much, but workingtogether we’ll be able to make a great difference to our country.6.many burglaries took place because the owners failedto take the precaution of locking their doors and windows.7.the minster flew to the front to negotiate with therioters in an effort to prevent a civil war.8.I assumed you knew each other because I saw youtalking to each other at the party.Unit 71.he was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with theresult that he missed the final exam.2.as many more people came to the lecture than expected,there were not enough handouts to go round.3.no matter what a long day he may have, he makes a pointof checking his e-mail inbox before going to bed.4.unemployment is found in all countries in the world,but governments vary in their way to handle the problem.5.anyone who has come to a foreign country for the firsttime is apt to find everything around him both strange and interesting.6.the football fans were very disappointed at theperformance of the players of both teams.7.never take what he says at face value. Think it overyourself.8.the doctor’s words removed his fears about theoperation.Unit 81.after months of negotiation, the two company finallycame up with a solution, which was in essence our original proposal.2.the people of that African tribe worship the moon inmuch the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun.3.it is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptianpyramids were built over 4000 years ago. Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings.4.the illegal use of inferior building materialseventually resulted in the collapse of the hotel.5.at present, many countries are taking action tomitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economy.6.the couple finally divorced after years of incessantquarrels, which had resulted from a lack of understanding.7.the government of the two countries agreed to set upa military hotline to reduce the risk of war due toincorrect information.8.some Chinese students were not very successful inAmerican universities because they failed to adapt to the environment there.Unit 91.in October, 1935, the Chinese Red Army, havingendured all the hardships and sacrifices, finally made their way to the north of Shanxi Province.2.in the economic crisis, the government released astatement, calling upon the people to buy local products as far as possible.3.the politicians in various countries are trying toharness nuclear energy and restore the safe environment for the human race.4.he didn’t hear the doorbell because he was rapt inhis work.5.this country suffers from frequent riots because ofwidespread extreme poverty, as well as people’s inherent distrust of the corrupt government.6.in his lecture on the current economic situation, theeconomist used a lot of figures on the PPT to underline the seriousness of the crisis.7.he answered with a smile, ‘Not at all. I did thisas much for you as for myself.8. a man is measured not by what ha says, but by whatha does for his country and people.Unit 101.he can’t even draw a distinction between French andSpanish, not to say speaking them.2.in a craze for cultural relics in the 1990s, oldchinaware, such as those handed down from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, were much sought after by collectors.3.despite the opposition of most of his advisors, thegeneral decided to take his chances on the battle and suffered a total defeat in the end.4.the Chinese nation has stood up to the vicissitudesof thousands of years and is now in the process of rejuvenation.5.I wish you would confine your talk to the facts ratherthan spread word about the biased report in that newspaper.6.the first thing he did after his arrival in Paris wasto convert all his money into Euros.7.that Shakespearean play was tailored to the taste ofthe Chinese audience when it was put on the Chinese stage, so much so that it was more like a Chinese play than an English one,8.you must abandon your native language for sometime,if you really want to acquire a good competence in English.Unit 111.as my article was over 10,000 words, I finally hadto cut out several paragraphs to satisfy the requirements of the academic journal.2.there is no running away from the facts, so we mustface up to the truth and pay for our mistakes.3.that year, despite the car accident, he was promotedto the next grade after he passed all the exams required by the school.4.the intellectuals of that country were very criticalof the government’s new social welfare policy because, according to them, it would bring down the living standards of the working people.5.it is, to be sure, difficult to remove the resentmentbetween them, but it is at least worth trying.6.the government is taking all possible measurement tobring down the prices lest inflation should get out of control7.as the murderer denied all the charges, we had toconvince the jury with more evidence that he was guilty.8.finally he managed to forgive his wife for herinfidelity and was reconciled with her after years of separation.Unit 121.his father died when he was only nine years old,leaving the whole family helplessly at the mercy of others.2.her story stirred many beautiful memories of mychildhood, which I have always cherished in my heart.3.the two countries held several rounds of negotiationto settle their differences.4.more and more students are opting for his coursebecause of his humor and energy as well as his effective way of teaching.5.in his speech the premier vowed to address the seriousproblem of unemployment and to boost the income of the common people.6.the former Nazi officer who was arrested last yearin Argentina was prosecuted for the crimes that he had committed during the Second World War.7.the great value of this book rests in the fact thatit has influenced and encouraged a whole generation of young people in their struggle against imperialism and feudalism.8.with regard to the silent students, the teachershould try to enhance their self-confidence and encourage them to voiace their idea in class.。
智慧树网课答案科技英语综合教程课后作业答案.docx
智慧树网课答案科技英语综合教程课后作业答案问：对于理想气体系统来说，在下列过程中，哪个过程系统所吸收的热量、内能的增加量和对外作的功三者为负值？（）答：等压压缩过程问：对于历史上重要人物语言的引用以及他们言语的讨论是（）。
答：重言问：对于历史学来讲，求真、求善和求美的关系是（）。
答：求真是求善和求美的基础问：对于历史演绎、神魔小说、世情小说和英雄传奇这四类小说类型,只有世情小说学者没有给出严格的定义答：错误问：对于立方体的香水包装盒的拍摄，布光方式一般采用（）。
答：两前侧光照明问：华安铁观音，属于乌龙茶类，是中国十大名茶之一乌龙茶类的代表，其介于绿茶和红茶之间，属于半发酵茶类。
（）答：√问：下列属于宗教圣地的有()。
答：五岳五镇鹿野苑耶路撒冷问：大学生希望毕业后找到一份好工作,这是( )。
答：职业理想问：改革开放是中国共产党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命。
()（1.0分）答：正确问：同一色调内部几个主要色彩的明度对比级差，如果 8-10个色阶则为强对比称为“长”。
（）答：对问：国家安全问题事关()。
答：国家安危和民族存亡问：学院古典舞原则的是下列哪一项()。
答：D问：维持蛋白质二级结构的主要化学键是（）。
答：共价键问：以下那种操作不是删除幻灯片（）答：选择要删除的幻灯片，然后鼠标左键，执行快捷菜单中的“删除幻灯片”命令问：浏览器浏览网页时使用的通信协议是答：HTTP问：下列情况中一定允许解除合同的是（）。
答：由于不可抗力致使合同不能履行问：相关法 ,在统计学上讲是说一个人的绩效和一些信息的相关程度,是可以计算出来的。
()答：正确问：下列哪些科学家获得了“2011年诺贝尔物理学奖”?( )答：帕尔马特施密特里斯问：按照言语技能掌握的程度水平，可以将日语言语技能掌握划分为三个层级：领会式掌握，机械性掌握和活用式掌握。
答：×问：由于精确制导技术的使用，海湾战争的月平均死亡人数要低于伊拉克战争。
科技英语课文翻译和课后习题翻译
第一张机器人走进千家万户(1)比尔﹒盖茨设想一下:在一个新的产业诞生之际, 你目睹见证了这一切! 这个产业是在前所未有的新技术基础上发展起来的, 其中包括一些实力雄厚企业销售的高度专业化商务设备, 还有越来越多的新兴公司生产的新奇玩具、为玩具藏家青睐的机巧装置, 以及其他一些奇特有趣的特殊产品。
但同时, 这还是一个缺乏行业标准和平台的、尚不成规模的产业。
项目复杂, 进步缓慢, 实际应用更是少之有少。
事实上, 尽管对这个产业的未来充满热情和希望,但是没有人能明确地说出什么时间- 或究竟是否有可能-它能取得关键性的规模发展。
但是,若真能实现发展, 那么,它很可能改变整个世界。
当然, 上述描述可算是上世纪70 年代中期计算机产业的写照, 也就在那时, 保罗·艾伦和我成立了微软公司。
当时,部分大企业、政府部门和其他一些机构都在使用笨重、昂贵的主计算机进行后台运算。
知名大学和大型工业实验室的研究人员正试图建造出最基本的构件, 以使信息化时代的到来成为可能。
当时因特尔公司刚刚推出他们的8080 微处理器,安他利公司正在销售一款流行电子游戏Pong 。
而在一些自发组成的计算机俱乐部里,热忠于此的人们急切地努力探索这种新技术带来的好处究竟是什么。
但当时我脑海中所萦绕的则是更具前瞻性的问题:机器人产业即将作为一项新兴的产业而崛起,其当时的发展同30 年前计算机的发展如出一辙。
想想看, 目前汽车组装线上使用的制造型机器人已替代了昔日的主计算机。
这个产业其他的典型产品包括可进行外科手术的机器手, 在伊拉克和阿富汗用于路边及地面排雷的侦察机器人, 以及可以进行地板吸尘的家用机器人。
电子产品公司还推出了可模仿人类、或是狗、恐龙等的机器人玩具, 而玩具收藏者们正迫不及待地想要猎取一套乐高公司生产的最新机器人系列玩具。
与此同时, 世界尖端科技人员正试图解决机器人技术中最棘手的难题, 诸如视觉识别、远程操控、以及学习型机器等问题, 而且他们正在不断获得成功。
(完整word版)科技英语翻译课后答案
科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50—hp induction motor。
动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices， called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications。
Cramped conditions means that passengers' legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space。
半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动.第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening。
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts：blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄.1。
2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena。
All four （outer planets） probably have cores of metals, silicates， and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论.(直译）这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。
科技英语翻译 课后答案
科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
科技英语课文翻译及课后答案
第一单元自动化第二部分阅读A自动化的含义“自动化”已经是，而且现在仍然是，一个被大量滥用的词。
但是，人们对其确切的意义以及所包括的内容，正在逐渐地有了较为正确的了解。
如果不是下一个定义的话，我也许可以尝试作些解释，把自动化说成是一个概念。
运用这个概念，人们通过对机器装置的性能进行充分的测量、观察和控制，从而使其以最高的效率运转。
这需要对这种装置的功能有一个详细而连贯性的了解，以便需要时便能运用最佳的矫正操作。
自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" )才能完全实现。
我认为，确保人们对合为一体的三个组成部分对我们的社会所蕴含着的某些意义有所认识和了解，是很有必要的。
首先，我们不妨考虑工业部门之一的炼钢工业。
在炼钢工业中，自动化已经开始成型。
到过钢厂的人都会知道从高炉开始的各种工艺流程的一些情况，成品条钢或板钢生产出来之后，再准备送往制造工艺车间或汽车厂，这些工艺流程是相互链接的。
为了使工厂中各个车间充分发挥效率，可以使用计算机来控制每个车间。
在此之前，计算机工作所需要的一切资料均输入机内。
就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。
钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
计算机对所有这一切都了解得很透彻，能够做出非常大量的中间判定，并且能够把全部信息立刻和不间断地提供给管理人员，以使他们做出高效管理这个工厂所需要的最后决定。
由此产生的信息数据和判定要进行处理，然后转送到下一个工序。
在这里，对操作的一些专门细节再次进行整理，提出最佳和最终的判定，然后对这些信息再一次进行处理并输送给下一道工序。
同时，当信息数据从生产单元的一道工序输送到下一工序并完全结合成为一项新的操作时，每次变化的结果反馈到最初阶段，而且，不断地做进一步的调整，结果是整个工厂的工艺流程便能够高效率地进行下去。
科技英语综合教程练习答案
Keys:第一章科技英语阅读第一节科技英语主要特点I.1. The first three sentences in Passage One are all con structed with passive voice while thefirst three sentences in Passage Two are con structed with active voice. Therefore, the Ianguage in Passage One sounds more formal and objective tha n that of Passage Two.2. The words spoke n by Sheila in Passage Two are in formal. Examples: "There's Ravi at thehome of that American doctor." （Contracted form）; "A wonderful guy." （Incompletesenten ce）; "Ravi looks sweet, does n 't he" （Questi on tag）.3. In the sec ond paragraph of Passage One, "it" refers to "to use in secticide regularly, on avery large scale."4. In the sec ond paragraph of Passage Two, "through" means "fini sh" or "complete."5. Passage One is written for academic purpose and Passage Two mainly for en terta inment. II.Passage OneA blast of hot air is sent into the bottom of the furnace to make the coke burn fiercely. It is blow n into the furn ace through pipes. These pipes are in stalled aro und the circumference of the blast furnace eight feet above the bottom.While the coke is bur ning and iron is melting, gas is formed at the top of the chamber. This is led off from the top of the furn ace to be used. It contains carb on mono xide, which js combustible. Part of this gas is used for making the air blast hot. It is led off into stoves.Passage TwoAll eleme nts are composed of discrete units called atoms, which are the smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of the element. Atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and electrically neutral neutrons. Protons and neutrons, which have approximately the same mass, are clustered in the nucleus in the center of the atom. Electro ns, which are ti ny in comparis on to the other un its, orbit the nu cleus at high speed. Atoms that have an equal number of electro ns and prot ons are electrically n eutral. Those that have gained or lost electro ns, and therefore are positively or n egatively charged, are called ions.第二节科技、半科技英语专业术语I.1. D （自动驾驶仪）2. F生物钟）3. I （热核的）4. G （地热的）5. B （微波）6. J放射疗法）7. E光周期）8. A （超导体）9. H （远距离操纵器）10. C超显微/滤过性病毒）VI.1. 很明显，许多家用电器的加热和照明作用都依靠电阻。
综合教程课后题翻译答案打印版
第六单元翻译 英国首相办公室周六发表声明说， 首相戈登· 布朗在接受眼睛检查时发现右眼视网膜上 有两处裂缝。据悉，反对派可能以此为由要求布朗在大选前提前下台。但布朗办公室说，这 次视网膜破裂不影响布朗视力，目前也没有动手术的打算。布朗年轻时参加体育活动受伤， 左眼失明，但通过手术保住了右眼视力。
第三单元翻译 我是新闻工作者，不是历史学家，所以本书描写的虽然是过往岁月中的一刻，却称不上 是一部史学著作， 而仅是个人的追思。 书中所写的主要是战争期间我本人在华盛顿的观察和 经历，辅以采访等材料。我试图刻画一个城市和一个政府的痛苦与挣扎，这个城市和政府突 然被要求参加战争，还要在战争中领导别的国家，参与的又是有史以来最伟大的战争，实在 是有些措手不及，因此表现得很糟糕，有时甚至很可笑。 这几乎肯定是以第一手资料写成的、 有关那个时期的最后一场报道。 二战中位高权重的 人物一个接一个很快去世， 实在令人不安。 有几位原本已经答应回忆并讲述一下他们在二战 中的经历，可我还没来得及拜访，他们就离开了人世。 我在本书中没有对欧洲及太平洋战区中的宏大战略做详尽的描述。 相反， 我主要报道了 那些年我在华盛顿的所见所闻。 这些往事已经在人们的记忆中变得越来越模糊， 对于那场战 争，这个国家中有三分之二的人都太年轻，对它并无记忆。结果，本书描写的就是一个以战 争为背景的“我们的小镇” ，讲的是一个城市在根本没有听到一声枪响的情况下，就卷入了 一场全球性冲突，因而变得很惊愕，常常也很困惑。这是一个不同寻常的城市，设立时主要 是想将它建成政府的中心，因此这个城市便和当时的政府一样，行动十分缓慢，所做相当有 限。
第一单元翻译 1. 我一直活得无忧无虑，深得上帝垂爱，至少算个幸运儿，少数人才享有的尊荣富贵，我垂 手得之。就像百岁人瑞总有人讨教，我的秘诀也总有人探询。 2. 富兰克林· 罗斯福因此意识到他必须招募新班人马，组建临时机构来补强不能胜任的旧 政府。新成立的政府机构专门负责建造坦克飞机，定制军服，招募培训战士。这些战士将被 派往前线，去赢得一场场的战争。
科技英语翻译课后练习答案 ppt课件
5. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。
4. Certain isotopes are not found in nature.
通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。
科技英语翻译课后练习答案 ppt课件
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2.1 词义的选择
1. 词类/词性（part of speech）：第1节 翻译练习1
2. 上下文（co-text）：
第1节 翻译练习2
3. 搭配（collocation）：
第1节 翻译练习3
4. 学科专业/语域（register）： 第1节 翻译练习4
第4章 代词的翻译 1、代词的一般译法 2、人称代词的译法 3、形容词性物主代词的译法 4、指示代词的译法 5、不定代词的译法 6、it及其句型的译法 7、总复习题
科技英语翻译课后练习答案 ppt课件
2
目录2
第5章 数词、形容词和副词的 翻译
1、数词的译法 2、形容词的译法 3、副词的译法 4、形容词和副词比较级的译法 5、形容词和副词最高级的译法 6、总复习题
人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的 混合物。（增译）
科技英语翻译课后练习答案 ppt课件
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3. The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.
科技英语综合教程课后答案句子翻译整理_刘爱军
行胜于言Unitl1. The essence of a game is interde 卩endtncc of player siraiEgics There are two 'distinct types of strategic interdependence: secmeDtiul 卫nd 尊砸1怡moijs.搏弈的实质是搏弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的 类别：连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。
2. When we say that an outcome is mi 匕qailibHiTiiL there is ifd fiction thatHeach person? privately best choke will 圧a^Tkra collecti¥ely optiniiTr 祗ult ・当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候,人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。
3. Jn some situations of conflict, any systematic action will be discovered and exploited by the rival. Therefore, it is important to keep the rival guessing by onet nioyp 富Typical examples arise in sports ^whether to 『cm 0〕10 pass in 竈 particular witimtion in foodxdL or whether co hit 21 passin* shot CKJ 貂-conn or down th£ line in kmriis.在一些冲突中，任何规律性的行为都会被对手发觉并利用。
因而，通过采取混合性策略来迷惑对 手就显的非常重要。
科技英语课后翻译整理
Unit 11.在历时四年的研究中，科学家调查了地球上的许多生境、物种以及将它们联系起来的生态体系。
For four years the scientists examined the planet’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together.2.《千年生态系统评估综合报告》为人们提供了认识生态系统经济价值的全新视角，也为人们尊重和保护地球的生命支持体系提供了新的论据。
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report gives people a new insight into the economic importance of ecosystem services and some new and additional arguments for respecting and conserving the Earth’s life-support system.3.科学家认为，水文系统的改变可能导致破坏性洪灾的发生更加频繁和严重。
According to the scientists, changes to water systems may increase the frequency and severity of destructive floods.4.从经济角度看，与那些被用于商业开发的生态系统相比，很多原始生态系统的价值更高。
From an economic perspective, compared with the ecosystems altered for commercial use, many intact ones are more valuable.5.如何在利用地球生态系统提高人类生活水平的同时，缓解该系统所承受的压力，完全取决于人类社会。
综合教程2课后翻译
综合教程2课后翻译Unit11. 那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术令观众仿佛身临其境。
illusion Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2. 在那场大火中整个古城毁于一旦但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来。
devastateThat ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived.3. 他们看了那段录像听了那位妇女的讲述心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。
fill with The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.4. 那场大地震中我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生献出了自己的生命。
leave behindIn that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives.5. 豫园的建造始于1558年但由于资金短缺时建时停1578年才建成。
off and onThe construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money.6. 1980年我遇到她时她刚从国外读完硕士回来。
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科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料] 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 Unit 1Translation PracticeII. Words and Phrases Translation A. Translate the following expressions intoChinese:1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈4. linear reasoning 直线推理5. circular reasoning 循环推理6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡7. dominant strategy 支配性策略8. optimal result 最优化结果9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂 10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略 B. Translate the following expressions intoEnglish:1. 完全博弈 pure conflict2. 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation3. 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4. 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma5. 长远性损失 long-run loss6. 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy7. 混合性策略mixing one’s moves8. (网球)斜线球或底线球 hita passing shot cross-court or down the line9. 垄断性市场 monopoly market10. 均衡份额 equilibrium sharesIII. Sentence Translation:A. Translate the following English sentencesinto Chinese: (Payattention to the underlined part)1. 博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的类别:连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。
2. 当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不是基于以下的假设:即博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。
3. 在一些博弈的冲突中，任何条理化和计划性的行为都会被对手发现并加以利用。
因此，通过采用组合性策略使对手迷惑就显的非常重要。
我们在体育运动中可以发现典型的例子---比如足球比赛时特定情况下选择跑位或传球，网球比赛击球时选择斜线球或底线球。
4. 边缘政策“是一种故意使局势变的有些无法控制的策略，正是这种无法控制性可能会使另一方无法接受而选择妥协。
”5. 当博弈的一方了解其他人所不掌握的信息时，他会急于隐瞒这一信息(比如牌局中所拿到的牌)，在其他一些情况下，他还会想令人信服的公开某些信息(比如某一公司对质量的承诺)。
在这两种情况下，行胜于言是博弈者遵循的基本原则。
Translation of Text A (for reference only)搏弈论阿维纳什?迪克斯特&巴里?内尔巴夫搏弈是有关策略的科学。
它试图以数学和逻辑的方法来帮助搏弈者作出决策，在一系列纷繁复杂的搏弈中应采取何种策略来保证自己获得最大利益。
搏弈论研究的搏弈的范围包括了从下棋到抚育儿童，从网球竞技到公司转手。
但是所有的博弈都具有一个共同的特征:相互作用。
也就是说,每一个博弈者的博弈结果取决于所有博弈参与者的策略选择。
在零和搏弈中，搏弈者的利益之间是完全冲突的，因此一方的得利必然导致另一方的损失。
更多具有代表性的例子还有会导致共同得利(正和)搏弈和共同损失(负和)搏弈，同样的情况还会发生在另外一些冲突中。
搏弈论研究的先驱者是普林斯顿数学家约翰?冯?诺依曼。
在早先的一段时间里，研究的重点被放在了完全冲突(零和)搏弈(非合作搏弈)上，其他的搏弈当时被认为是以合作形式出现。
也就是说，搏弈要求参与者共同地选择和实施他们的行为.最近的研究则把重点放在了那些既不属于零和搏弈也不属于绝对合作搏弈的情况上，在这些搏弈中，搏弈者自主地选择搏弈行为，但他们之间的相互关系中充满了合作与竞争。
搏弈行为与我们在中性环境中所作的各种决定有着根本性的不同。
要说明这一点，我们可以思考一下伐木工人和军队将军所作决定之间的不同。
当伐木工人决定要如何砍树时，他不会考虑树木本身会有什么反抗，他所处的环境为中性。
而当将军决定要消灭敌军时，他必须提前预料到并消除敌军的反抗。
与这一例子中的将军相类似，一个搏弈者必须认识到他与其他机智且怀有争胜之心的竞争者之间的相互作用，他自己所作的决定也必须能够同时应对可能出现的合作或冲突。
搏弈的实质是搏弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的类别:连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。
就前者而言，搏弈者依次采取行动，每个人都会注意其他搏弈者先前的行为。
就后者而言，搏弈者同时采取行动，每个人都会忽略其他搏弈者当前的行为。
对连续策略博弈中的某一博弈这来说，一个普遍的原则就是放眼前方，及时反思和总结。
每个博弈者应该弄清楚其他博弈者会对他当前的策略行为做出怎样的回应，他自己将如何应对等情况。
博弈者要预料到他的最初决定会最终导致何种结果，并且运用对形势的判断来计划好当前的最佳策略。
在考虑其他博弈者会如何应对时，博弈者必须能设身处地地换位思考，而不能把自己的主观判断强加与人。
从理论上说，采取固定次序行动的任何连续博弈都可以圆满地完成。
我们可以通过预测每个可能的结果来决定各个博弈者的最佳策略。
例如象井字棋(tic-tac-toe)这样的简单游戏由于可以以这样的方式完成，因而并不具有挑战性。
但诸如象象棋等的其他博弈，即使是借助电脑的帮助，由于其本身的计算过程过于复杂而难以在实践中去实施。
因此，博弈者往往会会依据经验提前对形势作出判断并尽可能的评估最终的局面。
与连续策略博弈的线形思维不同的是，采取共发性策略的博弈要求逻辑思维。
在忽略其他参与者当前策略的情况下，尽管博弈者们同时采取行动，每一个参与者必须清楚的意识同时还会有其他的参与者在依次关注整个博弈过程。
这时的思维模式可描述为:我想他认为我会这样考虑…。
因此，博弈者必须从全体博弈者的立场出发并努力判断出最终的博弈结果。
每个参与者的个人最佳行为都是全局谋划中不可或缺的一部分。
运用普林斯顿数学家约翰?纳什提出的均衡概念，可以推导出这种逻辑思维的结论。
我们寻求一系列的策略组合，每个博弈者都会有自己的选择，当所有的对手们在实施他们决定的最佳策略时，我们所做的选择应该对自己是最有利的。
换句话说，每个博弈者都会对其他人的策略作出最优化的应对。
有时, 无论其他博弈者如何行动，博弈的一方的最佳策略组合始终如一，这被称作这一博弈者的优策略。
在其他情况下，如果博弈者的策略始终于己不利，则被称作劣策略，其含义是指无论其他博弈者如何行动，对手的策略总是优于自己。
因此，谋求策略均衡应该从寻找优策略和消除劣策略开始。
当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不是基于以下的假设:即博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。
确实也存在着一些糟糕的例子，比如囚徒困境(见下文)，由于囚徒们都追求个人私利的最大化而导致了全体参与者的困境。
纳什的关于均衡的定义还不能完全解决联立策略博弈中逻辑推理思考的问题，有些博弈包含多种此类的均衡，而有些博弈却并不包含这样的均衡。
纳什均衡也还没有清楚地说明关于导致均衡的动态过程。
尽管有这样的一些缺陷，纳什均衡的定义已被证明在分析策略性互动时具有重要作用。
以下策略性互动的实例可以说明博弈论的一些基本理论框架:囚徒困境。
两个嫌疑犯分别被审问，每个人都可以招供或保持沉默。
如果嫌犯A保持沉默，嫌犯B可以通过招供而获得较轻的发落。
如果嫌犯A招供，嫌犯B最好选择招供以免被从重处理。
这时招供就是嫌犯B的优策略。
同样的情况也适用与B。
因此，在均衡的情况下双方都选择招供。
如果双方均缄口不言也都可相安无事。
由于合作分裂所导致的长远性损失远比招供而获得的暂时性得利严重，所以这样的合作行为会在博弈中反复进行下去。
在这种情况下，一般推荐采取针锋相对的策略。
混合性策略。
在一些冲突中，任何规律性的行为都会被对手发觉并利用。
因而，通过采取混合性策略来迷惑对手就显的非常重要。
我们可以从体育运动中找到一些典型的例子，比如足球运动中的特定情况下选择跑位还是传球，网球比赛中选择击打近网球还是底线球，博弈论都为提高洞察力和掌握混合性策略恰当的火候提供了参考。
战略性行动。
博弈者可以通过运用威吓和许诺来改变其他对手对其行动的预测，从而诱使他们采取对其有利的行为或改变他们对己不利的行为。
为了取得成功，威吓和许诺必须是可信的。
这往往会导致出现一些问题，原因就在于当需要采取以上策略时，通常实施威吓和许诺而获益往往会付出较大的代价。
博弈论研究几种提高可信度的方法，一个基本的原则就是威吓和许诺要在符合博弈者利益的前提下减少自身未来行动的自由度。
通过这样的方式，博弈者可以避免自己违背承诺，或者避免产生对对手冒犯的纵容。
例如，当柯台斯到墨西哥后，烧掉了战船，故意没有给自己留下撤军的退路。
由于没有返城的船只，柯台斯面对的只有战胜并征服对手或被对手消灭掉两种可能。
尽管他的士兵在数量上处于绝对劣势，但这种血战至死的威胁使得对手的士气变的低落，印第安军队面对这样意志坚定的对手时，他们选择了退却。
宝丽来公司在拒绝共享即时成像市场时也采取了类似的策略，当时它决定与任何挤占该市场的对手拼个你死我活。
当柯达公司试图染指即时成像业时，宝丽来调动了所有的资源进行反击。
14年后, 宝丽来公司在与柯达公司的诉讼中获胜，重新赢得了在即时成像市场的垄断地位。
使威吓变得可信的另一个方法是运用冒险性的边缘化策略，这一策略的风险在于: 如果其他博弈者未能按照威吓的要求去做的话，结果对大家将是一损俱损。
托马斯?谢林在他的《冲突策略》一书中介绍说，边缘化策略就是故意使局势变的无法控制的策略，正是由于局势的无法收拾可能令其他对手难以接受，从而迫使对手作出妥协。
讨价还价。
两个博弈者一起来分蛋糕，每个人都想要一个大块，双方都倾向于尽快达成一致。
当两个人依次开始提议分配时，放眼前方和反思总结的博弈原则决定了均衡的份额，双方这时可以立即达成一致，但时间的延误决定了双方的份额，竞争中缺乏耐心的一方只能分得较小的蛋糕。