一动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语不定式通常是由不定式符号to动词原形构成
初中英语语法知识精讲之不定式考点的归纳和总结
初中英语语法知识精讲之不定式考点的归纳和总结一、不定式的语法特点不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等，这是不定式语法特点之一。
下面我们一一列举:作主语不定式作主语通常表示目的或原因。
例如:"To be or not to be, that is the question."(生存还是毁灭，这是个问题。
)作宾语不定式作宾语通常表示目的或原因。
例如:"I need to study hard to pass the exam."(为了通过考试，我需要努力学习。
)作表语不定式作表语通常表示主语的状态或特征。
例如:"The sky is blue."(天空是蓝色的。
)作定语不定式作定语通常表示主语的特征或状态。
例如:"The book on the shelf is interesting."(书架上的书很有趣。
)作状语不定式作状语通常表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。
例如:"I will go to the park tomorrow."(我明天会去公园。
)不定式可以由动词原形、动名词、不定式符号to和主语构成。
不定式可以由动词原形、动名词、不定式符号to和主语构成，这是不定式语法特点之一。
下面我们一一列举:动词原形不定式可以由动词原形构成，例如:"I want to eat pizza."(我想吃披萨。
)动名词不定式也可以由动名词构成，例如:"She enjoys playing soccer."(她喜欢踢足球。
)不定式符号to不定式还可以由不定式符号to和主语构成，例如:"To be or not to be, that is the question."(生存还是毁灭，这是个问题。
)主语不定式还可以由主语构成，例如:"The teacher gave the students a task to complete."(老师给学生布置了一个任务完成。
高考英语不定式专项语法讲解
eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well.
例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, useful
（2） 作宾语 Would you like to watch TV?
She is too anxious (ready/easy/eager/glad) to
know the results. 肯定
不定式中作结果状语的注意点：
1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示 肯定，这类词是： anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing…
He cannot but move to another street.
We cannot help but admire his courage.
He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus.
（3） 作表语（表将来时）
②have, let, make三个使役动词后的省略
I made him stand outside. He was made to ...
这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不 定式要补充完整.
动词不定式作宾补省略to
口诀 不定式省to十一个， 五“看”二“听”一“感
觉”， 三个“使役”紧挨着， 如若主动变被动， 符号to千万别省略。
不定式的逻辑主语： of（品质） / for （性质） sb. to do
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理（复习讲义）考点清单范围知识条目非谓语动词熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法考点一动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not。
二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy forus to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。
只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
动词不定式的10种常见结构_吴安运
常见结构词不定式的10种一般来说，动词不定式由不定式符号“to+动词原形”构成，在句中不能单独作谓语，也不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化的干扰。
动词不定式具有动词的性质，有形式的变化，也可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些特点，在句中可以作除谓语以外的所有句子成分，包括主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
现就动词不定式的10种常见结构进行一下归纳。
1.“疑问词+不定式”结构不定式可以和疑问代词who ，whom ，what ，which 和疑问副词when ，where ，how 以及连词whether 等连用，表示义务或可能性，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等，可分别扩展为相对应的名词性从句。
Where to hold the meeting is not known yet.在哪里开会还不知道呢。
（主语=where we should hold the meeting ）They will teach us how to operate the machine.他们将教我们怎样使用这台机器。
（宾语=how we should operate the machine ）The question is which way to take.问题是采用哪一个方法。
（表语=which way we should take ）She had no idea how to help him.她不知道该如何去帮助他。
（同位语=how she should help him ）【注意】英语中一般不用why to do 这一结构。
2.“形容词+不定式”结构英语中的形容词可以和动词不定式搭配，构成一些常用的句子结构。
□吴安运伴你走进课堂课程导学课程导学（1）too...to...结构too...to...结构常用来表示结果，意思是“太……以致不能……”，是用肯定的形式来表达否定的意思。
高中英语语法系统讲解之七非谓语动词
高中英语语法系统讲解之七非谓语动词在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
它包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。
一. 动词不定式不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”或“never to do”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
不定式的逻辑主语用“for或of + 名词或代词宾格”构成。
1. 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化；动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；有主动式，也有被动式。
○1动词不定式的时态、语态形式（以动词write为例）○2不定式的时态A. 一般式：不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其之后发生。
如I want to have a holiday as soon as possible.He seems to know the secret.B. 完成式：动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。
如I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.C. 进行式：不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
如Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps. D. 完成进行式：不定式表哦市的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经发生，并仍在进行。
如He appears to have been waiting a long time.○3不定式的语态A. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。
如He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. B. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
动词不定式用法归纳
动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to是其符号，它没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
1、作主语· To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
· To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
· To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。
上面的句子可以改为：· It is hard to be a doctor. · It is not easy to learn English w ell. · It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。
· It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
· It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
2、作表语在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。
· His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
· My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
· Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。
动词不定式的句子成分
The Infinitive
一. 动词不定式的基本构成：
由不定式符号to 加动词原形构成,有时也可 不带 to, 其否定式由not+不定式构成。
二. 动词不定式的句法作用:
动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补 足语、表语、定语、状语等。
一、动词不定式作主语：
E.g: To play badminton is very interesting.
③. It's +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
（是修饰不定式的）
It’s kind of you to help me词不定式作宾语：
宾语表示主语所做动作的承受者.一般跟在及物动词后面.
接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是：
decide to do sth. ; try to do sth. ; want to do sth. ; plan to do sth. expect to do sth; hope to do sth.等 ① I plan to stay there for three days. ② I decide not to play computer games any more.
二、动词不定式作表语：
①My job is _____t_o__te_a_c_h__ (teach) you English. ②Betty’s dream is ________to__b_e_ (be) a scientist. ③My wish is ____to__g_o____ (go) to university. ④Our plan is____to__s_e_e__ (see) the play in the teahouse. ⑤Our goal is ____t_o__w_in_ (win) the final match 总结：上述5个句子都是__动__词__不___定__式__ 用在系动词be（是）之后做_______表__语____。
动词的非谓语形式有三种
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
不定式没有人称和数的变化，有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。
不定式复合结构为“介词＋sb.(sth.)＋to do”，其中“介词＋sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为逻辑主语。
1. 不定式的用法：(1)作主语。
不定式短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语放在谓语之后，而用it作形式主语。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
但不定式作表语时，前面有不定式作主语，不定式不可位于句末。
如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(2)作宾语。
常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want, wish, hope, expect, would like (love),care, choose, learn, plan, prepare, mean, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, decide, make up one’s mind, be determined, manage, try, can’t afford, fail, pretend等。
He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned up yet .No one likes to be laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。
有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用it 来作形式宾语。
如：You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time. 你会发现有必要提前完成工作。
动词不定式做主语,宾语,及双宾语结构
动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1）定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do”,其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
否定形式为：not / never + to do句法功能：用作主语○1多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.○2动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。
.○3疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How to learn English well is important.补充：用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the workIt＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”，the teacher says. 注意：在③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。
高中英语语法：非谓语复习之to do用法大全
非谓语动词及To do在英语中，不做句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。
有3种，动词不定式、动名词和分词（含现在分词和过去分词），另外，动名词和现在分词统称为-ing形式。
它们在句中的作用，以及各自的时态和语态见下表：非谓语动词在句中的作用非谓语动词的时态和语态动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
一、动词不定式的特征和种类动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
（一）不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy.他看起来好像很高兴。
（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）（二）不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there.我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you.我很高兴和你一起旅游。
（三）不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key.我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。
初中初中英语动词不定式的用法
初中初中英语动词不定式的用法篇一：初中动词不定式用法讲解初中动词不定式用法讲解动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成，这里的to是动词不定式符号，本身没有词义，其否定形式常在to前加not；由于它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语；不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。
为使同学们更好地掌握其用法，现总结如下：一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
如要说明动作的执行者，可在不定式前加for引导的短语；但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。
常用句型: 1，It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.（用of还是for决定于前面的adj, adj若是指sb.的特性，就用of，adj若是指sth的特性就用for）例句：It’s so nice of you to help me with my homework.你真是太好了，帮助我完成作业。
It’s very difficult for me to do the math homework.数学作业对于我来讲太难了。
2，It takes sb. some time to do sth.例句：It takes my mother all day to do the housework.做家务花了我妈妈一整天的时间。
二、动词不定式作宾语一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, offer, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach,prepare等，常接动词不定式作宾语（如want/decide to do sth.等）。
初中英语动词不定式用法梳理
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时.动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如：1。
I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2。
The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother。
3.How to learn English well is important。
4。
To see is to believe。
(眼见为实；百闻不如一见）二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如：1.The best way is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.三、用作宾语1。
可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask，choose, agree），期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn），宁可假装知道(prefer，pretend, know)，希望想要愿意（wish, want, would like / love).如：1）We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know，learn, show，teach, tell.。
不定式,反身代词
牛津英语8A期末复习（二）（一）动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语不定式通常是由不定式符号to+ 动词原形构成。
不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种情况：一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，二是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。
⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构：常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford, agree, believe, decide, fail, hope, want, plan, choose, prepare, forget, remember, begin/start, learn, promise,refuse, wish等。
如：I can’t afford to buy a house.⑵“动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式”结构：常见的这类动词有advise, decide, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, think, teach, wonder, understand, guess, explain等。
这类疑问代（副）词what, when, which, where, how, whether等（不包含why）。
如：She does not know how to go there.He will tell you when to start.⑶在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。
如：They consider it unnecessary to have classes in the evening不带to 的不定式1. 表示感觉的动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, observe和have, let, make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式。
He noticed the man enter the room.他注意到有人进屋了。
They made her do the work alone.他们让她单独做这个工作。
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的用法动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，它由“to+动词原形”构成(to为动词不定式的符号，它并没有实际的意义)，有时可能不带to。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，但动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
否定式就在不定式前加not。
不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、定语、宾语、表语、状语或宾语补足语。
一、We will begin to work at eight.They want to visit our school.二、大多是表示目的和结果的。
She is too tired to walk.(作结果状语)They go out to play football. (作目的状语)三、He asked the old man to sit down.有些感觉动词和使役动词如let, make, have, see, watch, hear, listen to, feel等后面作宾补的不定式不带to，如；Let me have a look.四、作定语时，紧紧跟在所修饰的名词和代词后面。
She has no time to see the film with you.五、在现代英语中，动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式则放在后面，如：It's not right to talk to others in class.六、My wish is to be a doctor.七、动词不定式和疑问词动词不定式可以和疑问词who, whom, what, which, how, where, when等连用，构成不定式短语，如：I don’t know what to do then.“not+动词不定式构成”Tell him not to be late for school again.九、动词不定式作宾语及宾补的区别1、动词不定式作宾语，是表示两个动作由主语一个人发出，如：He wants to borrow your English book.2、动词不定式作宾语补足语时，是表示后一动作为前面宾语的动作，而非主语的动作，如：Please tell him to do homework.十、常见的带to的动词不定式或短语作宾语的补足语的动词有：ask, tell, beg,help（可加可不加to）,wish, want, like等，如：Would you like us to go with you?常见的不带to的动词不定式或短语作宾语的补足语的动词有：make, let, have, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, feel, notice等，如：I heard him sing a song at the party.十一、注意：感觉动词和使役动词如let, make, have, see, watch, hear, listen to, feel 等用于被动语态时，动词不定式作主语的补足语时则要带to，如：He was heard to sing a song at the party.十二、另外，动词不定式短语可以作为动态形容词的宾语。
非谓语动词的构成及其用法
不定式、动名词作宾语
• He chose not to go home this weekend. • The manager desires to see you. • My mother dislikes seeing you with me. • He could hardly resist laughing. • He is fond of playing tennis. • 动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语，而不定式只能做动词宾
4. Nobody is willing to go to a party without _____C______.
A. asking
B. to be asked
C. being asked
D. having asked
非谓语动词做宾语补足语
可以接不定式做宾语补足语的动词常用的有： ask, want, advise, allow, encourage, force,forbid,like, order, permit, persuade, request, require, tell, warn, urge, expect 这些词后均可接+sb. to do sth.的结构 Father will not allow us to play on the street. My teacher advised me to do more exercises.
➢ be/get used to, devote oneself to, ➢ look forward to, object to, prefer...to, ➢ refer to, pay attention to, stick to, lead to
这些词组里的to为介词，而非不定式符号。
最全面英语动词不定式的用法归纳整理总结
动词不定式的归纳总结动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”构成的，这里的to没有词义，只是为了构成不定式的一种符号，是非谓语动词形式的一种，动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，除了不能作谓语以外，其他成分都可以作，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。
❶ 动词不定式做主语：这种情况一般要改成it作形式主语的形式，后接不定式，为了避免头重脚轻。
●“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是…的”中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult, easy, hard, inportant, dangerous, inpossible等。
eg To learn English is very important for me 对我来说学英语很重要。
=It is very important for me to learn English.For you to make more friends is a good plan. 广交朋友是个好办法。
= It's a good plan for you to make more friends.●“It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.”意为"做某事对某人来说是…的”。
其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质, 如：kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish 等。
eg It was stupid of him to press the emergency button. 他按了紧急按钮，这真愚蠢。
❷ 本单元我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语的用法：现就动词不定式作宾语的用法介绍如下：●谓语动词＋动词不定式，此类动词很多，常见的有：want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer（主动提出）, start, forget, promise, mean, pretend（假装）, intend（打算）, begin, attempt（试图）, decide, learn, desire （渴望）, agree, care, choose, determine（查明）, undertake（承担，承诺）,expect 等eg Some students hate to study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。
高考英语个语法之非谓语动词
高考英语个语法之非谓语动词Coca-cola standardization office【ZZ5AB-ZZSYT-ZZ2C-ZZ682T-ZZT18】十二、非谓语动词★动词不定式1不定式的构成及变形动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
⒈不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：He appears to be very happy.（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）⒉不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
如：It happened to be raining when I got there.⒊不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
如：I'm sorry to have lost your key.⒋不定式的完成进行式不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。
如：He was said to have been living in London for twenty years.不定式的时态意义：如：He is said to be studying abroad.（不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行）He is said to have studied abroad.（不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束）⒌不定式的被动形式当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。
不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。
①一般式 to be done如：These are the books to be given out to the students.②完成式 to have been done如：The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.⒍不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。
动词不定式做主语,宾语,及双宾语结构
动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1）定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do”,其中 to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
否定形式为：not / never + to do句法功能：一、用作主语○多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.○动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。
.○疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How to learn English well is important.补充：用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：① It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.② It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work③ It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do 逻辑主语It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.④ It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says.注意：在③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在④中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。
动词不定式讲解
动词不定式一、不定式的构成及变形动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
⒈不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：He appears to be very happy.（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）⒉不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
如：It happened to be raining when I got there.⒊不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
如：I'm sorry to have lost your key.⒋不定式的完成进行式不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。
如：He was said to have been living in London for twenty years.不定式的时态意义：如：He is said to be studying abroad.（不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行）He is said to have studied abroad.（不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束）⒌不定式的被动形式当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。
不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。
①一般式to be done如：These are the books to be given out to the students.②完成式to have been done如：The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.⒍不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。
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动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语不定式通常是由不定式符号to 动词原形构成。
不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种情况一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式二是“动词疑问词带to的不定式”。
⑴“动词带to的不定式”结构常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford agree believe decide fail hope want plan choose prepare forget remember begin/start learn promiserefuse wish等。
如I can’t affo rd to buy a house. ⑵“动词疑问代副词不定式”结构常见的这类动词有advise decide forget know learn remember see tell think teach wonder understand guess explain等。
这类疑问代副词what when which where how whether等不包含why。
如She does not know how to go there. He will tell you when to start.⑶在不定式作宾语时有时我们会使用it作形式宾语而把不定式放到后面。
如They consider it unnecessary to have classes in the evening不带to 的不定式1. 表示感觉的动词see hear feel notice watch observe和have let make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式。
He noticed the man enter the room. 他注意到有人进屋了。
They made her do the work alone. 他们让她单独做这个工作。
2. help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to。
Can you help me to clean up after the meal 作宾语补足语表示“命令、忠告”等的动词如:tell ask want wish allowadviseinviteorder remind warn encourage等后面常接不定式作宾补感官动词feel hear see watch等和使役动词make let have等后接不定式作宾补时须省去to。
二反身代词反身代词的构成第一、第二人称的反身代词由形容词的物主代词加上selfselves构成。
如myself 我自己ourselves我们自己yourself你自己yourselves你们自己。
第二、第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上selfselves构成。
如himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己以及themselves他们/她们/它们自己。
值得注意的是凡是单数人称代词的反身代词在后加self而复数人称的反身代词在后加selves。
反身代词的用法1反身代词不能作主语但是它可以作主语同位语放在主语后或句末。
如我亲自去了电影院。
误Myself went to the cinema.正I went to the cinema myself.2反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。
如I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music.我希望我能听贝多芬他亲自弹这首曲子。
You can go and ask him himself.你可以去问他本人。
3反身代词可以作介词的宾语。
如Nobody she learnt it all by herself.没人她自学的。
I mended the bike by myself.我独自修的自行车。
She said to herself: “What’s wrong with my eyes”她自言自语地说“我的眼睛怎么啦”Don’t always think of yourself.别总是想着你自己。
4反身代词作动词的宾语。
一般放在像这样的动词的后面enjoy help hurt teach wash look after get dressed buy等。
如Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend 你们周末玩得开心吗He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语。
“Help yourselves to some fish .children。
”“ 孩子们随便吃一些鱼。
” He can buy himself alot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。
5反身代词可以作表语。
如I’m not quite myself today.我今天情绪不好。
He doesn’t seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。
三方式副词很多方式副词是在形容词的后面加ly构成的如slow- slowly wonderful- wonderfully有些副词与形容词同形如fast early late highhard straight等方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后修饰及物动词时放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后如宾语较长也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间。
例如He works hard. He speaks English very well Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends注意有些副词有两种形式一个与形容词同形一个以ly结尾但它们的含义是不同的例如l.close接近地closely仔细地密切地2.free免费地freely自由地无拘束地3.hard努力地hardly几乎不te晚迟lately近来5.most极非常mostly主要地6.wide广阔地充分地widely广泛地7.high高highly高度地非常地8.deep深迟deeply抽象意义的“深”9.loud大声地loudly大声地含有喧闹的意思10.near邻近nearly几乎典型例题1. You’d better _______home now. A. going B. go to C. to go D. go2. Will you help me _______ these pictures A. put on B. to put up C. putting up D. put into3. On the way home we _______some waterbecause we were thirsty. A. stopped and drink B. stopped drinking C. stopped to drink D. stopped for drinking4. Why _________the teacher A. ask not B. not ask C. not asking D. not to ask5. I haven’t got a chair ________. A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to s it on D. for sitting6. I’m hungryget me sth. ________. A. to eat B. eat C. eating D. for eating7. I haven’t decided which hotel_______. A. to stay B. is to stay in C. to stay in D. is for staying8. The boss made workers _______14 hours a day. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working9. We shall have ______ after school. A. sth. to do B. everything do C. anything to doD. nothing do10. The teacher let the boy_______ it again. A. does B. did C. to do D. do 11. The young man is old enough ______ the army. A. to join in B. joined C. join D. to join 12. Granny told her _______ the cat any more. A. not play with B. to not play with C. not to play with D. don’t play with13. He really doesn’t know_______ . A. to talk about B. to talk about what C. what to talk D. what to talk about14. Jack decided________in Beijing before May Day. A. to reach B. to get C. to arrive D. go15. It took me an hour _______the homework yesterday evening. A. to do B. did C. doing D. do16. I’m glad ________ you again. A. to l ook at B. to see C. looking D. seeing17. Mary asked me _______for her. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited18. “_______”said the great musician. A. Let me to hear you to play B. Let me hear you to play C. Let me hear you play D. Let me to hear you play19. Mother is sure _______. A. win B. to win C. to be winning D. won20. Mike is waiting _______the doctor. A. to see B. for to see C. see D. for see21. Who taught you ______ a bus. A. driving B. to drive C. riding D. to ride22. It’s necessary ________the book at once. A. for him to return B. to him return C. at him to return D. to him to return23. We find it difficult _______ the work in two hours. A. finishing B. to finish C. finish D. finished24. Would you please _______ the text A. read B. to read C. reading D. is reading25. After singing a song Mary ______ us a story. A. went on telling B. went on to tellC. went tellingD. went to tell26. It’s very kind _______ to see me. A. that you com e B. that you will come C. for you to come D. of you to come【模拟试题】一、选择题1. --- Mum the Chinese medicine tastes so ______ that I don’t want to take it. --- But dear it is good for you. A. good B. terribly C. terrible D. well2. --- I think we should keep _______ in the reading-room. --- You are right. A. quietB. quietlyC. quiteD. quickly3. --- How was the old woman this morning --- She looked _______. A. be happy B. happily C. happy D. to be happily4. Travelling by train is _______ cheaper and _______ enjoyable than by air. A. more much more B. quite much too C. very very much D. much far more5. This kind of skirt looks _______ and sells _______. A. nice well B. nice good C. well well D. good nice6. --- Look at the picture. How’s the weather --- It’s _______. A. sunny B. windy C. wet D. warm7. In the exam the _______ you are the ______ mistakes you’ll make. A. carefully little B. more carefully fewest C. more careful fewer D. more careful less8. --- That man is driving _______. We must stop him at once. --- OK. Let’s call the police. A. careful B. carefully C. dangerous D. dangerously 9. --- How do you write with your new pen --- _______. A. Quickly and neatly B. Quick and neat C. Quick and neatly D. Quickly and neat10. It is _______ to w ork out this problem. You needn’t go to ask the teacher. A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily 11. They all looked _______ at the teacher and felt quite _______. A. sad sad B. sadly sadly C. sad sadly D. sadly sad12. --- It’s _______ nice of you to help me. --- That’s all right. A. true B. truly C. realD. really13. Cathy did quite _______ in the English competition but Jenny did even _______.A. better wellB. well wellC. well betterD. better better 14. The plane got back to the airport and landed _______. A. safe B. lively C. safety D. safely15. _______ the young man is running A. How fast B. How quick C. How fastly D. What quickly16. My sister is good at sports. She can jump _______ than me. A. highest B. very high C.more highly D.higher17. People speak _______ of the film Not One Less《一个都不能少》. It is really necessary for every child to go to school. A. loud B. loudly C. high D. highly18. Bob never does his homework _______ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as19. --- Can you catch what I said --- Sorry I can _______ understand it. A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. never答案DBCBC ACCAD DCDCA BCCBA BABABD。