手术室老年患者术中压疮危险因素及护理人员压疮认知调查

2013年10月第51卷第30期

CHINA MODERN DOCTOR 中国现代医生·调查与实验研究·

压疮是由于局部组织长时间受压，导致局部血液循环障碍，皮肤组织缺血缺氧损伤，根据病情程度分别表现为红斑、水疱、溃疡状态，是长期卧床患者常见的并发症[1]。手术由于固定体位、手术时间长、手术应激等因素影响发生压疮的几率较高。手术发生的压疮为急性压疮，为手术受压部位在术后6天内发生的压疮，病情进展迅速[2]。本研究对手术室老年患者术中压疮发生危险因素进行分析，并对手术室护理人员压疮认知现状进行调查，为手术室预防压疮发生和护理培训提供依据。

1资料与方法1.1一般资料

选择2011年8月～2012年12月在我院进行手术治疗的老年患者1193例，男649例，女544例，年龄60~91岁，平均（67.93±8.29）岁，其中骨科418例，普通外科428例，心胸外科119例，妇科228例。所有患者术前均无压疮及

影响观察的皮肤疾病，术中均为全身麻醉；手术体位：仰卧位693例，侧卧位278例，俯卧位82例，截石位140例；手术时间149～483min 。

手术室老年患者术中压疮危险因素及护理人员

压疮认知调查

徐

青

浙江省绍兴市人民医院手术室，浙江绍兴

312000

[摘要]目的分析研究手术室老年患者术中压疮危险因素，调查手术室护理人员压疮认知情况。方法选择1193例手术患者，采用Braden 压疮危险评估表进行术前评估，统计压疮发生情况，分为压疮组和对照组，比较两组患者的临床资料，采用压疮认知调查表调查手术室护理人员压疮认知情况。结果185例手术患者（15.51%）发生压疮，压疮组和对照组的年龄、体重指数、Braden 评分、空腹血糖、血清总蛋白、手术体位、手术时间、术中低血压时间、术中低血氧时间、术中出血量比较，差异有统计学意义（P 均＜0.05）。体重指数、手术时间、术中出血量与术中压疮呈正相关，Braden 评分与术中压疮呈负相关，均是术中发生压疮的独立危险因素（P 均＜0.05）。学历与压疮诊断认知程度有关，年资和学历与术中危险因素认知程度有关，年资和职称与术中压疮风险评估、术中压疮防范、术中压疮观察和处置认知程度有关（P 均＜0.05）。结论患者体重、Braden 评分、手术时间

及出血量与手术室发生压疮密切相关，护理人员年资、学历和职称与压疮认知程度有关，制定针对性危险因素的防范措施和进行针对性的培训，将有助于提高手术室压疮预防和处置效果。

[关键词]手术室；压疮；危险因素；护理；认知调查[中图分类号]R473.5[文献标识码]B

[文章编号]1673-9701（2013）30-0015-03

Risk factors for pressure sores of elderly patients and pressure sores cog -nition of nursing in operating room

XU Qing

Operating Room ，Shaoxing City People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province ，Shaoxing 312000，China

[Abstract]Objective To study the risk factors for pressure sores of elderly patients ，investigate pressure sores cogni -tion of nursing in operating room.Methods The 1193cases of surgery ，the use of pressure sores risk assessment form Braden preoperative assessment ，statistical pressure sores ，circumstances ，into pressure sores and control groups were compared clinical data ，the use of pressure sores cognitive questionnaire survey surgery chamber pressure sores nurses cognition.Results The 185cases （15.51%）pressure ulcers ，pressure sores and control groups age ，body mass index ，Braden score ，fasting blood glucose ，serum total protein ，surgical position ，operative time ，intraoperative hy -potension time ，intraoperative hypoxemia time ，blood loss differences were statistically significant （P ＜0.05）.Body mass index ，operative time ，intraoperative blood loss and pressure sores were positively correlated ，Braden score and intraoperative pressure ulcers was negatively correlated with intraoperative pressure ulcers were independent risk factors （P ＜0.05）.Academic and professional titles diagnosed with pressure sores master degree ，seniority and qualifica -tions and intraoperative risk factors for master degree ，seniority and job titles and intraoperative pressure sores risk as -sessment ，intraoperative pressure sore prevention ，intraoperative observation and disposal of pressure ulcers master degree （P ＜0.05）.Conclusion The patient's weight ，Braden score ，operative time and blood pressure ulcers occur with closely related operating room ，nurses seniority ，qualifications and titles with the level of knowledge about pressure ul -cers ，risk factors for development of targeted preventive measures and targeted training ，will help to improve the operat -ing room pressure sores prevention and treatment effects.

[Key words]Operating room;Pressure sores;Risk factors;Care;Perception survey

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