历年考研英语真题翻译答案
考研翻译测试题及答案
考研翻译测试题及答案一、英译汉1. The rapid development of science and technology has brought about significant changes in the way people live and work.答案：科学技术的快速发展已经给人们的生活和工作方式带来了重大的变化。
2. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, we need to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.答案：为了实现可持续发展的目标，我们需要在经济增长和环境保护之间取得平衡。
3. The government has implemented a series of measures to promote social equity and justice.答案：政府已经实施了一系列措施来促进社会公平和正义。
二、汉译英1. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了根本性的变化。
答案：With the widespread of the internet, the way people obtain information has undergone fundamental changes.2. 教育是提高国家竞争力的关键因素之一。
答案：Education is one of the key factors in enhancing a country's competitiveness.3. 保护环境是每个公民的责任。
答案：Protecting the environment is the responsibility of every citizen.三、段落翻译1. The advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. Social media platforms have become an integral part of our daily lives, allowing us to stay connected with friends and family, share experiences, and access information from around the world.答案：技术的进展已经彻底改变了我们的沟通方式。
考研英语翻译真题及答案
考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语中的翻译部分一直是众多考生重点关注和努力攻克的对象。
通过对历年真题的研究和练习，能够让考生更好地把握命题规律，提升翻译能力。
以下为大家呈现部分考研英语翻译真题及答案，并对其进行详细的分析和讲解。
真题一：The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities参考译文：几个世纪以来，在欧洲的大学里，对法律的研究一直被认为是一门基础的知识学科。
然而，只是在最近几年，它才成为加拿大大学本科课程的一个特色。
解析：这句话的翻译重点在于准确理解和处理一些词汇和短语。
“intellectual discipline”翻译为“知识学科”；“feature”在这里是“特色”的意思。
句子结构方面，“However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities”是一个倒装句，正常语序为“However, it has become a feature of undergraduate programsin Canadian universities only in recent years” 翻译时要注意调整语序，以符合中文的表达习惯。
真题二：While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults参考译文：在与年轻人接触时，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们性格的影响，但在与成年人打交道时，就不那么容易忽视了。
考研英语试题含解答共10题
考研英语试题含解答共10题阅读理解Passage 1:Many people believe that money is the key to happiness. However, research has shown that this is not necessarily true. While money can provide a certain level of comfort and security, it does not guarantee happiness. In fact, studies have found that once a person's basic needs are met, additional wealth does not lead to a significant increase in happiness. Other factors, such as relationships, personal fulfillment, and a sense of purpose, play a much larger role in determining one's overall happiness.Question 1: What does research suggest about the relationship between money and happiness?A) Money is the most important factor for happiness.B) Money guarantees happiness in all situations.C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.D) Relationships and personal fulfillment are unrelated to happiness.Answer: C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.解析：文章讲述了关于金钱和幸福之间关系的研究。
考研英语真题试卷翻译答案
考研英语真题试卷翻译答案翻译部分题目一：原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.翻译：技术快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。
题目二：原文：Despite the challenges, the team remained optimistic and continued to work diligently towards their goals.翻译：尽管面临挑战，团队仍然保持乐观，并继续勤奋地朝着他们的目标努力。
题目三：原文：The government has implemented a series of measures to address the environmental issues.翻译：政府已经实施了一系列措施来解决环境问题。
题目四：原文：In recent years, the concept of sustainable developmenthas gained widespread attention.翻译：近年来，可持续发展的概念已经得到了广泛关注。
题目五：原文：The company's innovative approach to marketing has significantly increased its market share.翻译：公司在市场营销方面的创新方法显著增加了其市场份额。
题目六：原文：The research findings suggest that a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for maintaining good health.翻译：研究发现，均衡饮食和定期锻炼对于维持良好的健康状况至关重要。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
历年考研真题译文英语
历年考研真题译文英语As the competition for graduate school enrollment becomes increasingly fierce, many students turn to the previous years' postgraduate exam questions for practice. One crucial aspect of the exam is the translation of English texts into Chinese. In this article, we will explore the importance of translating past graduate exam questions and offer some strategies for effective translation.Why is translating past graduate exam questions important? Firstly, it helps students familiarize themselves with the structure and style of the exam questions. By practicing translation, students can anticipate the types of passages that are likely to appear in the exam and develop effective strategies to tackle them. Additionally, translating past exam questions provides an opportunity to enhance vocabulary and language proficiency. Through analyzing and translating various texts, students can expand their vocabulary and improve their understanding of English grammar and syntax.To effectively translate past graduate exam questions, it is important to adopt certain strategies. First and foremost, students should focus on understanding the meaning of the original text. By grasping the main ideas and key points, students can ensure an accurate translation. It is also crucial to pay attention to the context of the passage. Understanding the background information and cultural nuances can help in conveying the intended meaning accurately.Another helpful strategy is to break down complex sentences and phrases into simpler components. This allows for a clearer understanding of the intended meaning and facilitates the translation process. Additionally,students should make use of dictionaries and translation tools to verify their translations and explore alternative translations for tricky words or phrases.Grammar and syntax play a significant role in translation accuracy. Students should pay attention to sentence structure, verb tenses, and word order. It is important to ensure that the translated text is not only accurate but also flows smoothly in Chinese.Practicing past graduate exam questions is essential for success in the actual exam. By translating a wide range of texts, students can build the necessary skills and confidence needed to tackle the translation section. Regular practice allows students to identify their weaknesses and areas that require improvement, enabling them to work on those areas and refine their translation skills.In conclusion, translating past graduate exam questions is a crucial aspect of exam preparation. It helps students familiarize themselves with the structure, style, and content of the exam. By adopting effective translation strategies and practicing regularly, students can enhance their language proficiency and increase their chances of success in the graduate entrance exams. Good luck with your exam preparation!。
考研英语卷真题及答案
考研英语卷真题及答案考研英语是众多考生备战考研的重点科目之一，为了帮助考生更好地复习和准备，以下将列举一些历年考研英语卷真题及答案，供考生参考。
Section I Use of English1. A解析：根据句子结构分析，该题考查名词的用法。
选项A中"What"作问句的句头副词，修饰名词". . . . achievement"，表示"什么成就"。
2. D解析：通过句子结构分析，该题考查连接词。
选项D中"fan"是名词，而"while"用作从属连词，意思是在某个时间段或某一活动期间。
故选"D"。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPassage One1. D解析：根据第一段中"most scholarly research . . . . . shall be regardedas res justificata"和 "without being interfered with"可以推知，该罗马的法律原则表明如果某人的财产拥有得法，他就被视为合法所有人，就不应该被干涉。
2. A解析：根据第二段中"subjects of property"可以推知，人在约束下不去攻击别人只能是因为担心攻击行为对他自己将产生的财产产生负面影响。
Passage Two1. C解析：根据第一段中"Researchers have discovered that . . . . men to delay marriage"和"before they finish school or get settled in a career"可以推知，研究发现，男性更倾向于在完成学业或在事业上安定之后再考虑婚姻问题。
考研历年英语试题及答案
考研历年英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the decline in the number of bees?A. Increased use of pesticides.B. Loss of habitat due to urbanization.C. Climate change and its unpredictable effects.D. The introduction of non-native species.2. What does the author suggest about the future of bees?A. They will adapt to the changing environment.B. Their numbers will continue to decrease.C. They will become extinct in the foreseeable future.D. Their population will stabilize in the long term.3. In the third paragraph, the author discusses the impact of bees on what?A. The economy.B. The environment.C. The food chain.D. Human health.4. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?A. To raise awareness about the importance of bees.B. To argue for more research into bee conservation.C. To discuss the causes of bee population decline.D. To suggest solutions to the problem of bee decline.二、完形填空（共20分）5. The word "abundant" in the first sentence is closest in meaning to _______.A. numerousB. diverseC. scarceD. unique6. The author's tone in the passage can best be described as _______.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. informativeD. persuasive7. The phrase "in the face of" in the second paragraph is used to mean _______.A. despiteB. in front ofC. as a result ofD. because of8. The word "vulnerable" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. strongB. weakC. adaptableD. resistant9. The author uses the example of the almond industry to_______.A. illustrate the economic impact of bee declineB. demonstrate the importance of bees in agricultureC. emphasize the adaptability of beesD. argue for more funding for bee research10. The word "contribute" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.A. donateB. causeC. addD. result三、翻译（共20分）11. 将以下句子翻译成英文：蜜蜂对维持生态平衡至关重要，但近年来它们的数量急剧下降。
考研英语真题翻译1990-2012打印版(附答案)
考研英语历年真题翻译部分(附答案，打印版)1990年 (2)1991年 (2)1992年 (3)1993年 (4)1994年 (4)1995年 (5)1996年 (5)1997年 (6)1998年 (6)1999年 (7)2000年 (8)2001年 (8)2002年 (9)2003年 (10)2004年 (10)2005年 (11)2006年 (11)2007年 (12)2008年 (13)2009年 (13)2010年 (14)2011年 (15)2012年 (15)真题翻译答案 (17)Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)1990年People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (21) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”(22) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (23) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (24) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (25) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (26) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (27) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (28) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.1991年The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (31) The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at thepresent rate of use.(32) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.(33) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (34) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.It seems almost certain that by 200l the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (35) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.1992年“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. 32) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.33) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it.34) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;What we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. 35) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1993年(31) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (32) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (33) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (34) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-know n incident in one of Motiere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (35)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.1994年According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (31) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (32) “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innum erable directions.”(33)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (34) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on theheavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (35)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1995年The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. (31) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. (32 )How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. (33) Whether to use tests. other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.(34) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.(35) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1996年The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 31）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 32）This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 33）This seemsmostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a val id determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 34）However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to d eal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 35）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.1997年Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 31）Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.32）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “ I don’t like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.33）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.34）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh o ther’s interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.35）When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mank ind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1998年They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 31) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. Whatthe researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).32) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn’t have long to wait. 33) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.34) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 35) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true1999年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)31）While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequentl y partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.32）Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 33）During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 34）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research in terests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technical fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.35）It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticismof sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.2000年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］2001年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically。
考研英语试题真题及答案
考研英语试题真题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据所给文章，选择最佳答案。
A. 选项AB. 选项BC. 选项CD. 选项D【答案】C2. 根据文章内容，判断以下陈述的正确与否。
A. 陈述1：True/FalseB. 陈述2：True/FalseC. 陈述3：True/FalseD. 陈述4：True/False【答案】A. True B. False C. True D. False二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从所给的选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。
[示例]In the first place, we should consider the ___ of the problem.A. scopeB. scaleC. aspectD. nature【答案】D三、翻译（共20分）将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。
1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.2. It is essential to maintain a balance between work and leisure.【答案】1. 技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
2. 保持工作与休闲之间的平衡至关重要。
四、写作（共20分）根据所给题目，写一篇不少于200词的短文。
【题目】"The influence of social media on modern society."【范文】Social media has become an integral part of modern society, influencing various aspects of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and interact with each other. However, it also brings about certain challenges, such as privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation. It is crucial for individuals to use social media responsibly and critically assess the information they encounter.【答案】略（考生需根据题目要求自行撰写）注意：以上内容仅为示例，实际试题及答案应根据具体考试内容进行编写。
考研英语试题及答案详解
考研英语试题及答案详解一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项陈述是正确的？A. 城市化进程中，环境问题日益严重。
B. 城市化进程中，人们生活质量得到显著提升。
C. 城市化进程中，人口密度没有显著变化。
D. 城市化进程中，经济发展速度放缓。
答案：A解析：文章中提到城市化进程中伴随而来的环境问题，如空气污染和水资源短缺，因此选项A正确。
选项B、C和D在文章中没有提及，故排除。
2. 作者对于城市化的看法是什么？A. 支持城市化，认为其是经济发展的必然结果。
B. 反对城市化，认为其导致了一系列社会问题。
C. 中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
D. 未明确表达对城市化的看法。
答案：C解析：文章中作者提到城市化带来了经济增长和生活便利，同时也指出了其带来的环境和社会问题，因此作者持中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In recent years, the popularity of online courses has grown rapidly. The reason is that they offer flexibility and convenience that traditional classroom learning often cannot match. For example, students can access the courses at any time and from any place, which is particularly beneficial for those who have to balance their studies with work or family commitments.3. The word "flexibility" in the passage most probably means ______.A. the ability to change easilyB. the ability to bend easilyC. the ability to stretch easilyD. the ability to move easily答案：A解析：根据上下文，"flexibility"在这里指的是在线课程提供的时间上的灵活性，即学生可以根据自己的时间安排来学习，因此选项A"the ability to change easily"是最佳选项。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文1984年翻译真题及译文：The deadly yellow-fever mosquito, which has conquered the tropical world, was accidentally transplanted along with slaves from Africa to the Americas. It took more lives, especially of newcomers, during the building of the Panama Canal than had the yellow fever itself. In addition to building airports, highways, and irrigation canals, tropical man with his planes, trains, and ships, has created a massive world-wide transportation system that makes it possible for species to cross oceans, continents, and mountain ranges— all barriers to the dispersal (of insects). When Homo sapiens first went into Africa and then Out of Africa, the tropical jungle met him with an incredible profusion of plants, birds, insects, and other animals. Some of these organisms saw human beings as congenial hosts. Others recognized him as potential competition. The human animal responded with a series of ecological innovations. For example, early man learned how to use fire to defend his territory. But he could not cross the oceans, or climb sheer Ben Nevis or Mount Everest. And so, he left unexplored some of the best human habitats.翻译译文：致命的黄热病蚊子是被误运至美洲的非洲奴隶一同带来的，这种蚊子已征服了热带地区。
考研真题及答案翻译答案
考研真题及答案翻译答案一、阅读理解1. 阅读以下段落，并翻译成中文："In recent years, the rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work. The widespread use of smartphones and the internet has made information more accessible than ever before."翻译：近年来，技术的快速发展给我们的生活方式和工作方式带来了重大变化。
智能手机和互联网的广泛使用使得信息比以往任何时候都更容易获取。
2. 阅读以下段落，并翻译成英文：“随着全球化的不断深入，跨国公司在世界各地的业务越来越广泛，这不仅促进了经济的增长，也带来了文化交流。
”翻译："With the continuous deepening of globalization, the business of multinational companies around the world is becoming more extensive, which not only promotes economic growth but also brings about cultural exchanges."二、完形填空阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项填入空白处。
In the past, education was seen as a privilege for the few. However, with the ___ (1) ___ of public education, it has become a right for everyone.A. introductionB. expansionC. developmentD. limitation正确答案：A三、翻译将以下句子从中文翻译成英文：“我们的目标是提高教育质量，确保每个孩子都能接受到公平和高质量的教育。
考研英语翻译真题及答案
考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译是考研英语中的一大难点，很多考生在备考过程中都会遇到困惑和挑战。
为了帮助考生更好地应对考研英语翻译，下面将介绍一些常见的翻译真题及答案，希望对考生有所帮助。
真题一：请将以下句子翻译成英文：中国改革开放以来，经济发展取得了巨大的成就。
答案：Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China, remarkable achievements have been made in economic development.解析：这个句子是一个简单的陈述句，要求考生将其翻译成英文。
首先，考生可以通过理解句子的意思来确定翻译的方向。
句子中的“中国改革开放以来”可以翻译为“Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China”，“经济发展取得了巨大的成就”可以翻译为“remarkable achievements have been made in economic development”。
真题二：请将以下句子翻译成中文：The Internet has greatly changed people's lives and brought about many conveniences.答案：互联网极大地改变了人们的生活，带来了许多便利。
解析：这个句子要求考生将其翻译成中文。
考生可以先理解句子的意思，然后将其翻译成中文。
句子中的“The Internet has greatly changed people's lives and brought about many conveniences”可以翻译为“互联网极大地改变了人们的生活，带来了许多便利”。
真题三：请将以下句子翻译成英文：他的成功离不开他的努力和毅力。
考研英语经典试题及答案
考研英语经典试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of environmental protection.B. The impact of technology on education.C. The role of government in economic development.D. The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, what is the best way to improve education quality?A. Investing more in technology.B. Reducing class sizes.C. Encouraging student participation.D. Increasing teacher training.答案：C3. What does the passage suggest about the future of work?A. It will be dominated by automation.B. It will require more creativity and innovation.C. It will be less dependent on physical labor.D. It will be more evenly distributed globally.答案：B4. What is the author's attitude towards the current state of education?A. Optimistic.B. Critical.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent.答案：B5. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. Technology is the key to improving education.B. Education systems need to adapt to changing times.C. The government should play a larger role in education.D. Urbanization is the main challenge facing society.答案：B二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章略]6. The word "innovative" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:A. Traditional.B. Conservative.C. Creative.D. Imitative.答案：C7. The author suggests that the current education system is:A. Effective.B. Inadequate.C. Perfect.D. Unpredictable.答案：B8. The phrase "to break the mold" in the second paragraph implies:A. To start a new trend.B. To conform to expectations.C. To follow the rules.D. To maintain the status quo.答案：A9. The author believes that students should be:A. Passive.B. Active.C. Indifferent.D. Dependent.答案：B10. The main purpose of the passage is to:A. Criticize the current education system.B. Praise the innovative approaches in education.C. Discuss the challenges of modern education.D. Highlight the importance of creativity in education. 答案：D三、翻译（共30分，每题15分）11. 将下列句子翻译成英文：“随着科技的快速发展，我们的生活和工作方式正在经历着前所未有的变化。
考研英语真题答案及翻译
考研英语真题答案及翻译一、阅读理解Passage 1答案：1. D) The effects of ignorance on health.2. C) The causes of high health care costs.3. D) They tend to underestimate the costs of treatment.4. A) Thoroughly research the costs of treatment.5. B) Make use of available medical information.翻译：第一篇1. D) 无知对健康的影响。
2. C) 高医疗费用的原因。
3. D) 他们倾向于低估治疗费用。
4. A) 充分研究治疗费用。
5. B) 利用现有的医学信息。
Passage 2答案：6. B) It is not clear whether the benefits are worth the costs.7. C) They have not been proven to be cost-effective.8. D) They can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment.9. A) It offers personalized treatment based on individual genes.10. B) It may not provide significant health benefits.翻译：第二篇6. B) 这些益处是否值得付出代价尚不清楚。
7. C) 这些筛查尚未被证明具有成本效益。
8. D) 它们可能导致过度诊断和过度治疗。
9. A) 它基于个体基因提供个性化治疗。
10. B) 它可能无法提供显著的健康益处。
二、翻译原文：Many students find it difficult to start thinking about their winter holiday before Christmas. But if you want to save money, you have to plan ahead.There are two main ways students can save money on their winter holiday. The first way is to organize your own group. You or some friends can organize your holiday yourselves. The second way is to take a lastminute package deal. The advantage of a package is that everything is included in the price: travel, accommodation and food.You'll find many cheap package holidays in ads in newspapers and onthe Internet. This can save you a lot of money. If you decide to organizeyour holiday yourself, you need to know where to start. Life and art print a holiday organizer for students, which gives you the information you need to get started.According to sources at the Student Travel Centre, holiday bookings are going up. More and more students want to spend their holiday in an interesting way, without spending too much money. This is reflected in a huge range of holidays being offered.翻译：许多学生发现在圣诞节前开始考虑他们的寒假很困难。
历年考研翻译真题答案
历年考研翻译真题答案考研翻译部分是考察学生对英语语言的理解和运用能力的重要环节。
历年的真题答案对于准备考研的学生来说，是宝贵的学习资源。
以下是一些历年考研翻译真题的答案示例，供参考：考研翻译真题答案示例翻译一：原文：The development of modern science has been closely linked to the development of industry and agriculture.翻译：现代科学的发展与工业和农业的发展紧密相连。
翻译二：原文：The rapid growth of cities has led to a series of social problems.翻译：城市快速增长导致了一系列的社会问题。
翻译三：原文：The government has taken measures to protect the environment and improve the quality of life.翻译：政府已经采取措施来保护环境并提高生活质量。
翻译四：原文：In recent years, the internet has become an indispensable part of people's lives.翻译：近年来，互联网已成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
翻译五：原文：The advancement of technology has greatly facilitated our daily lives.翻译：技术的进步极大地方便了我们的日常生活。
翻译六：原文：The company has set up a research and development center to enhance its competitiveness.翻译：该公司设立了一个研发中心以增强其竞争力。
翻译七：原文：The book provides a comprehensive overview of the history of the 20th century.翻译：这本书提供了20世纪历史的全面概述。
考研英语历年真题翻译部分答案1994——2010
1994年英译汉试题71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
翻译：201146、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设——因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决于我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威201046.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
47. 但我们至少几乎也承认这样一点：不管鸟类是否给我们带来经济上的好处，但鸟类作为生物其固有的权利应该继续存在。
48. 曾几何时，生物学家们有点过度使用这个证据，即这些物种通过杀死体质弱者来保持猎物的正常繁衍或者这些生物捕杀的仅仅是毫无价值的物种。
49. 在欧洲，林业在生态方面更加发达，无商业价值的树种被看作是原生森林群落的一部分，而得到合理的保护。
50. 这一系统易于忽视，因而最终会消除掉这个土地共同体里的许多要素(成员)，虽然这些要素(成员)缺乏商业价值，但这些要素(成员)对这个共同体的健康运行来说是必要的.200946. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分.47. 人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。
48. 虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。
49. 由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
50. 这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。
参考译文：达尔文认为正是因为这个困难，促使他对每一个句子进行长时间和针对性的思考，同时也使得他在观察和推理中发现错误。
这也就使他具有了别人所不具备的优势。
200846.本句的考查点是that引导的宾语从句，主干是he believes that….that从句的结构是this very difficulty may have the….advantage of forcing…, and thus enabling…。
Of后面forcing和enabling组成的并列结构做advantage的同位语。
47.本句考查点是宾语从句，非限制性定语从句。
主干是He asserted that…。
宾语从句的结构是his power to…was…。
其中不定式to引导的部分follow …of thought做power的定语；for which reason所引导的非限制性定语从句中又包含一个that引导的表语从句。
参考译文：达尔文同时声称，对于冗长而且纯抽象的思想，自己的理解能力并不强。
因为这个原因，他相信自己在数学方面根本不会成功。
48本句考查点是同位语从句，让步状语从句。
主干是he did not accept…the charge made by…that…。
其中as well founded作为一个插入成分，对charge进行修饰。
made引导的过去分词短语作定语修饰charge。
That引导的从句是charge的同位语，包括一个while引导的让步状语从句。
参考译文：另一方面，虽然有些批评他的人一致认为他善于观察，但不具备推理能力，但是他不同意这种说法。
49.本句考查点是宾语从句，定语从句。
主干是he adds …that…其中宾语从句的结构是he was superior to …in…, and in…。
which引导的是things的定语从句。
参考译文：达尔文很谦虚的补充到，有些事情需要高度的注意力和细心的观察，也许他自己在观察此类事情时比一般人有优势。
50.本题考查点是宾语从句。
主干是Darvin was convinced that…。
其中宾语从句的结构是the loss of these tastes was not only…, but…be injurious to …, and to …。
参考译文：达尔文认为，对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失，失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣，而且可能会伤害到智力，更有甚者还可能伤害到道德. 200746．长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分47．另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。
48．新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。
49．事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。
50．尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的理解自行做出判断。
200646．我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
47．他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
48．我之所以把他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
49．但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
50．他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
200546. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
49. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。
正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。
50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。
”200461. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
62. 我们之所有感激他们(两位先驱), 是因为在此之后, 这些(土著) 语言中有一些已经不复存在了, 这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了, 或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
63. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著, 以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。
64. Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣, 逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中, 语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。
65. Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点, 其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维, 语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
200361. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
62. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图象自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
63. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
64. 泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。
65. 因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能200261. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
62. 行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
63. 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
64. 自由和尊严(它们) 是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
65. (如果) 这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
200171. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。
72. 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字体时代就来到了。
73. 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
74. 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化慢长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。
”75. 家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病-- 厨房狂躁。