科普类阅读练习
【化学】 化学科普阅读题练习题(含答案)经典
【化学】化学科普阅读题练习题(含答案)经典一、中考化学科普阅读题1．阅读下面科普短文。
土豆是继水稻、小麦、玉米之后的第四大粮食作物，含淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C等多种营养物质，是餐桌上的美味食材。
表1鲜土豆中主要营养物质的含量（每100g）蛋白质/g脂肪/g淀粉/g钙/mg磷/mg维生素C/mg1.5～2.30.4～0.9417.5～28.011～6015～6820～40土豆切开后发生褐变，用水浸泡能防止褐变，但会引起营养物质流失。
用土豆片进行实验，测得其食用品质、淀粉含量和维生素C含量随浸泡时间的变化如下:土豆变绿、发芽时，龙葵素含量显著增高，而龙葵素多食可导致中毒，就算是把变绿、发芽的部位削掉，也不宜食用。
除食用外，土豆还可以作为原料广泛用于医药、化工、纺织、造纸等工业中。
依据文章内容回答下列问题。
（1）表1中的“钙”指的是________（填“元素”或“原子”）。
（2）由图1可知：60min内，______（填序号）。
A浸泡30min比10min脆性分值高B浸泡10min，硬度、咬碎感均无明显变化C随着浸泡时间的增加，粘结性、弹性分值均降低（3）由图2可知：土豆片的淀粉含量与浸泡时间的关系是________________。
（4）変绿、发芽的土豆不宜食用，其原因是___________________。
（5）下列说法不正确的是____（填序号）。
A土豆是四大粮食作物之一 B土豆中维生素C含量最高C用水泡可防止土豆片褐変 D土豆开发应用的前景广阔【答案】元素 ABC 在其他条件相同时，在研究范围内，土豆片的淀粉含量随浸泡时间的延长而降低土豆变绿、发芽时，龙葵素含量显著增高，而龙葵素多食可导致中毒 B 【解析】【分析】【详解】（1）物质都是由元素组成的，所以表1中的“钙”指的是元素；（2）A、由图1中的信息可知，浸泡30min比10min脆性分值高，故A正确；B、由图1中的信息可知，浸泡10min，硬度、咬碎感均无明显变化，故B正确；C、由图1中的信息可知，随着浸泡时间的增加，粘结性、弹性分值均降低，故C正确；（3）由图2提供的信息可知，在其他条件相同时，在研究范围内，土豆片的淀粉含量随着浸泡时间的延长而降低；（4）由题干提供的信息可知：土豆变绿、发芽时，龙葵素含量显著增高，而龙葵素多食可导致中毒；（5）A、由题干“土豆是继水稻、小麦、玉米之后的第四大粮食作物”可知，A正确；B、由表1提供的信息可知，淀粉的含量最高，故B错误；C、由题干“土豆切开后发生褐变，用水浸泡能防止褐变，但会引起营养物质流失。
四年级语文科普文阅读练习
四年级语文科普文阅读练习一、什么是科普文科普文，顾名思义，就是“科学普及文章”它以通俗易懂的语言，向大众介绍科学知识、科学现象、科学方法和科学精神，帮助人们了解科学、热爱科学参与科学。
二、科普文的特点1.科学性:科普文的内容必须真实可靠，符合科学原理和事实2.通俗性:科普文要使用通俗易懂的语言，避免专业术语，让读者能够轻松理解。
3.趣味性:科普文要生动有趣，吸引者的阅读兴趣，激发他们对科学的求知欲。
4.知识性:科普文要传递科学知识，帮助读者了解科学原理、科学方法和科学精神。
5.实用性:科普文要与生活实际相结合，帮助读者解决生活中的实际问题。
三、科普文阅读方法1.快速浏览:首先快速浏览文章的标题、图片、图表等，了解文章的主要内容和结构。
2.重点阅读:针对文中的重点内容进行仔细阅读，并做好笔记。
3.联系实际:将文章中的知识与生活实际联系起来，思考其应用价值。
4.拓展阅读:可以阅读与文章相关的其他科普文章，进一步拓展知识面。
四、四年级科普文阅读练题1. 阅读理解例题：《奇妙的植物世界》植物是地球上最重要的生物之一，它们为我们提供食物、氧气、木材等，对人类的生存和发展至关重要。
植物种类繁多，形态各异从高耸入云的参天大树到微不足道的苔藓，无不展现着生命的奇迹。
植物的生长需要阳光、水分、空气和土壤等条件。
阳光为植物提供能量，水分和空气为植物提供养分，土壤为植物提供支撑。
植物通过光作用将二氧化碳和水转化为有机物，释放氧气，为人类和其他生物提供呼吸所需的氧气。
植物的种类繁多，包括乔木、灌木、草本植物等。
乔木是指高大的树木，如松树、柏树、杨树等灌木是指较矮的树木，如玫瑰、月季、杜鹃花等；草本植物是指没有木质茎的植物，如小麦、水稻、玉米等。
植物的形态各异，有高有矮，有粗有细，有直有弯，有有黄，有红有紫。
它们的花朵、果实、叶子也各具特色，为我们的生活增添了许多色彩。
阅读完文章，请回答以下问题：(1)植物对人类的生存和发展有什么重要作用？(2)植物的生长需要哪条件？(3)植物通过什么方式为人类和其他生物提供氧气？(4)乔木、灌木、草本植物分别指什么？(5)植物的形态有哪些特点？2. 知识拓展例题：(1你知道哪些常见的植物？(2)你了解植物的哪些生长特点？(3)你知道哪些植物与我们的生活息息相关？(4)你对植物世界有哪些疑问？3. 科学探究例题：(1)设计一实验，观察植物的生长过程。
化学科普阅读题练习题(含答案)
化学科普阅读题练习题(含答案)一、中考化学科普阅读题1．阅读下面的科普材料。
浩瀚的海洋是个巨大的资源宝库，它不仅孕育着无数的生命，还蕴藏着丰饶的矿产;而海水本身含有大量的化学物质，又是宝贵的化学资源。
海水中含有多种盐类，如氯化钠、氯化镁、硫酸钙等。
利用海水制盐的方法在我国仍以蒸发法为主，它的原理很简单，即在太阳照射后，海水受热使水分蒸发，当各种盐分别达到其饱和浓度时，依次以固态形式析出。
随着科学和技术的进步，人们还利用其他方法从海水中制盐，如电渗析法、冷冻法等，用这两种方法不但可以制盐，同时也可以得到淡水。
食盐不仅是人类生活所不可缺少的物质，还是一种重要的化工原料。
例如，作为基本化学工业之一的氯碱工业，就是通过电解饱和食盐水的方法得到氢氧化钠、氯气和氢气，并进而生产盐酸、漂白粉、塑料、肥皂和农药等，其他如造纸、纺织、印染、有机合成和金属冶炼等，也都离不开由食盐制得的化工产品。
海水可以提取食盐，还是个巨大的资源宝库。
可以得到溴、镁等物质。
目前，从海水中提取的溴约占世界溴年产量的三分之一。
常用的技术叫做吹出法，即用氯气与溴化钠在酸性条件下反应，使其转变为溴后，用空气将其吹出。
也可以用水蒸气，使溴和水蒸气一起蒸出。
而海水中的镁，则更是一种重要的资源。
工业规模海水提镁的方法，是将海水抽入反应槽中，加入石灰乳，将海水中的镁转变为沉淀;再加入稀盐酸转化为氯化镁溶液，过滤、烘干，然后电解熔融状态的氯化镁就得到镁和氯气;氯气可以用来制取盐酸，再循环使用。
从海水得到的粗盐中含有泥沙、氯化钙、氯化镁、硫酸钠等杂质，用于电解法制碱必须经过精制。
精制食盐水常加入一些试剂，使杂质沉淀过滤出来，再加入稀盐酸调节盐水的pH。
回答下列问题:（1）根据材料可知，从海水中提取溴常用的技术叫做_______。
（2）铝和镁一样，属于活泼金属，铝在常温下具有较强抗腐蚀性的原因是_______。
（3）如果加入稀盐酸后盐水的pH=7,则溶液显_______性。
英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题20篇及解析
英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题20篇及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat."WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.""Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter (周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?A. It can frighten sharks away.B. It is an ocean explorer.C. It is a rubbish collector.D. It can catch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A. The causes of ocean pollution.B. The dangers of using plastics.C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D. The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?A. Avoid crashing into it.B. Break it into pieces.C. Swallow it.D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
化学化学科普阅读题专题练习(及答案)含解析
化学化学科普阅读题专题练习(及答案)含解析一、中考化学科普阅读题1．阅读下列科普短文。
温室效应，又称“花房效应”，是大气保温效应的俗称。
自工业革命以来，人类向大气中排入的二氧化碳等吸热性强的温室气体逐年增加，大气的温室效应也随之增强。
防止温室效应进一步增强的根本对策是全球参与控制大气中二氧化碳的含量。
为此科学家提出：制定措施限制过多的二氧化碳的排放；有效利用过多的二氧化碳。
具体做法有：将二氧化碳捕获并使之隔离于地下或海底；将二氧化碳催化转化成有价值的碳资源，研究人员借助氧化铜纳米棒和阳光，将水溶液中的CO2转化成甲醇（CH4O）和氧气，这项技术减少了二氧化碳向空气中的排放，同时获得了燃料。
除二氧化碳外，还有一些气体也可以产生温室效应。
下面是主要温室气体对全球气候变暖的影响程度对照表。
为缓解全球气候变暖，各国采取各种措施控制其他温室气体排放量的增长。
如新西兰从2004年开始征收牛、羊和鹿等的“放屁税”。
某研究发现，袋鼠的屁中不含甲烷，是因为它的胃里有一种特别的细菌。
若把这种细菌移植到能释放大量甲烷的动物体内，可以减少甲烷的排放。
总之，我们要积极采取有效措施，保护好人类赖以生存的大气环境。
依据文章内容，回答下列问题。
（1）甲醇（CH4O）属于（填字母序号，下同）。
A．单质 B．氧化物 C．化合物（2）新西兰地区收取“放屁税”，针对的温室气体是。
（3）依据表格中的数据，分析“二氧化碳对全球气候变暖的贡献率最大”的主要原因是。
A．二氧化碳的年增长率大于其他温室气体B．二氧化碳的浓度远高于其他温室气体C．二氧化碳的温室强度大于其他温室气体（4）请你提出一条减少空气中二氧化碳的措施：。
【答案】（1）C （2）甲烷（3）B （4）减少使用化石燃料等【解析】试题分析：（1）甲醇是由C、H、O三元素组成的化合物；（2）根据资料“袋鼠的屁中不含甲烷”即牛、羊和鹿等动物中放出的是甲烷；（3）由表格信息可知二氧化碳的浓度远远比其他温室效应的气体更高；（4）化石燃料的燃烧会产生大量的二氧化碳气体，故要减少空气中的二氧化碳既要减少化石燃料的使用。
中考物理总复习《科普阅读题》专项练习题(附答案)
光照强度E/（lx）
100
200
300
400
500
600
R/Ω
18.0
9.0
6.0
4.5
3.6
3.0
利用太阳能的最佳方式是光伏转换，就是利用光伏效应，使太阳光射到太阳能电池上产生电流直接发电，光伏产业正成为国际上继IT、微电子产业之后又一爆炸式发展的行业。
（1）外光电效应会从物质中激发出______逸出于表面。
A 干冰升华吸热，使水液化成小水珠
B.干冰升华吸热使水温度降低，空气中的水蒸气液化成小水珠
C.干冰升华成二氧化碳气体形成气泡，二氧化碳气体到达空气后又液化为小水珠
D.干冰在水中升华时使水剧烈振荡，部分水被“击碎”形成小水珠，与二氧化碳气体一起上升到液面后释放到空气中
8.阅读短文，回答问题。
中考英语专项练习题-科普知识类阅读
科普知识类阅读一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．What is your favorite food？We have a lot of healthy foods in our everyday life，such as milk，bread，eggs，fruits and vegetables．They can give you energy to grow．Before your body uses the food you eat，it has to change the food．That's what digestion means．Digestion begins with chewing （咀嚼）．You chew slowly your food with your teeth，the smaller the pieces of food become．After you swallow （咽下）your food，it will move to your stomach．Your stomach can stretch to hold the food．Special fluids （液体）come in and help to break the food into smaller and smaller pieces．The food stays in your stomach for a few hours．Then the food moves into the intestines（肠）．The first part is the small intestine．It is about 21 feet long．There，the food breaks down into nutrients （营养素）and your body can use them．Blood carries the nutrients to all parts of the body．Your body can't use everything you eat．Anything that is not used goes to the large intestine，which is 4 or 5 feet long and much wider than the small intestine．How to get rid of （去除）these？Go to the washroom!根据材料内容选择最佳答案．（1）Which of the following is healthy food？A．Milk and breadB．Eggs and fruits．C．Vegetables．D．All of the above（2）What does the underlined word"digestion"mean in Chinese？A．消化B．进食C．营养D．搅拌（3）Where does digestion start？A．In your large intestineB．In your small intestineC．In your mouthD．In your stomach（4）How long is the large intestine？A．About 21 feetB．About 26 feetC．About 31 feet．D．About 4 or 5 feet（5）Which of the following is NOT true？A．Your body can use everything you eatB．The longer you chew your food with your teeth，the smaller the pieces of food become C．Blood carries the nutrients to all parts of the bodyD．When you go to the washroom，the digestion is finished．2．You must think a computer is the best thing in the world，right？You must think it works at a super speed and can do everything？Well，it's not! In fact，the brain is much more powerful than any super computer! Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table．Your brain controls everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling．No computer could ever come close to that!The brain weighs just 3 pounds，but is controls everything you do from thinking，learning，feeling even to breathing and your heart beating．Even though the brain is just 2% of your body weight，it uses around 20% of all your energy in your body．That is a lot for such a small organ（器官）．There are about 100 billion tiny，tiny little cells（细胞）in your brain．There are so many that it would take you over 3，000 years to count them all!Your brain stops growing when you're 18，but it actually keeps on developing and learning new things．So your parents are really super smart! You won't be able to fool them!Believe it or not，your brain NEVER stops working．Even during sleeping，the brain works for long﹣term memory establishment （建立）．It is realized that the brain is the second organ in the body as the heart that never stops during human lives．So everyone should be proud of such a gift of nature．（1）In Paragraph 1，the writer wants to tell us．A．eyes and muscles react quicklyB．the brain controls everything in your bodyC．the brain is more powerful than any computerD．the computer is the best thing in the world（2）In Paragraph 2，the underline word "That" refers to．A．the body weightB．2% of the body weightC．all energy in the bodyD．around 20% of the energy in the body（3）Which is RIGHT according to the passage？A．The brain keeps on developing during human lives．B．The brain doesn't work during sleeping．C．The brain is the only organ that never stops．D．The brain keeps growing during human lives．（4）In which magazine can we read the passage？A．Business Weekly．B．Science．C．Sports．D．Medicine．3．A 7﹣magnitude（震级）earthquake hit Ya'an，Sichuan at 8：02 on April 20，2013，and it killed at least 196 people and injured more than 11，000．Together with other students，Yang Xuelan ran out to the playground．She was safe．But all her textbooks and exercise books were buried（埋）in the teaching building．What can we do when an earthquake happens？In fact，there's little we can do to stop natural disasters （自然灾害）such as earthquakes happening．But，some methods can reduce the harm they cause．◆Drop down onto your hands and knees．This way can protect you from falling．◆Cover your head under a strong table or desk．You can also stay along a wall，andcover your head with your arms and hands．◆Hold on to（守住，抓牢）your shelter（遮蔽物）until the shaking stops．Beprepared to move with your shelter if the shaking continues．Schools can normally take the earthquake drills（演练）to help student stay alive．（1）When the earthquake happened in Ya'an，Yang Xuelan was．A．at homeB．at schoolC．on her way to schoolD．playing on the playground（2）What does the underlined word "reduce" mean in Chinese？A．提高B．阻止C．增加D．减少（3）According to the writer，we can to reduce the harm natural disasters cause．A．do nothingB．stay at homeC．take some methodsD．run out of the house4．Do you have a smartphone？If so，there is a good way for you to learn English：listening to podcasts（播客）!Podcasts are made by people from all over the world．You can find them easily on the Internet．There are all kinds of podcasts．Some are about music．Some are about interesting stories．Some are about language learning．Most of the podcasts are free，so you can choose what you are interested in and keep listening．The other advantage（优点）of listening to podcasts is that you can do it almost any time．You can do it when you are walking to school，or when you are running in the playground．You can do it even when you are going to bed．In this way，your English will improve a lot before you know it．If you want to improve your English by listening to podcasts，here is something you need to remember．First，do not listen to podcasts when you are riding a bike．That's too dangerous! Second，make sure the sound of your smartphone is not too loud．The loud sound is bad for your hearing．（1）The writer tells a way of learning English by．A．listeningB．speakingC．readingD．writing（2）We can fmd podcasts．A．in the bookB．in the libraryC．on the InternetD．in the MP3player（3）According to the passage，there is（are）advantages of listening to podcasts．A．1B．2C．4D．5（4）We should not listen to podcasts when riding a bike because it is．A．impossibleB．boringC．difficultD．unsafe5．People know the dangers of fires．It's good for a family to learn how to protect against afire．Here are some suggestions．Put a smoke a1arm（报警器）in the house．Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to ring．The alarm makes a loud sound．The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once．Make escape （逃脱）plans．They should know all the ways out of the house．If there is a fire，everyone follows the plan to get out．The most important plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can open them easily．Buy fire extinguishers （灭火器）in the house．Everyone in the family should know how to use them．Practice for a fire．They do fire practice because they teach children about fire safety．Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules：Don't open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door．Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire，The best air is near the floor because smoke goes up．What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn？First，stop ! Don't run! The fire burns faster because of more air．Drop ! Fall to the floor．Then roll（打滚）! Turning over and over will make the fire go out．Put a blanket （毯子）around you to keep air away from the fire．There are many possible causes for fires．A clever family is ready all the time．If there is a fire，don't forget to call 119 for help．（1）When a smoke alarm rings at home，it means．A．You have to get up．B．Water is running to the floor．C．Someone breaks your window．D．Something is burning．（2）When a fire happens，if you open the hot door．A．the fire will go outB．the fire will grow more quicklyC．the door will soon be on fireD．the house will fall down（3）When your hair or clothes catch fire，you should．A．Stop，drop，roll．B．Stop，run，roll．C．Run，drop，roll．D．Roll，drop，stop．（4）The best title for this passage is．A．The Dangers of a Fire．B．The Causes of a Fire．C．Protect Against a FireD．Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher6．Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）In many countries，pets are well loved．In America，95 percent of pet owners think of their animals as family members．About half buy them birthday gifts．And it's a two﹣way street．People who have pets tend to have lower blood pressure．They also have a lower heart ﹣disease risk．Scientists are finding more and more evidence that animals can also help improve mental health．Some clinics have been using "pet therapy"（宠物疗法）alongside traditional medicine．Here is a look at some of the cures．RabbitsIn one study，scientists told a group of stressed﹣out adults to pat a rabbit and a rabbit toy．The toy had no effect．Touching the living rabbit，however，reduced anxiety（焦虑）．Crickets（蟋蟀）Animals don't have to be soft and lovely to help．In a 2016 study，elderly people who were given five crickets in a cage felt happier after eight weeks．The act of caring of an animal seemed to make the difference．HorsesHorses are among the most﹣studied therapy animals．In Europe，they have been involved in medical treatment plans since the 1860s．Activities like brushing the fur of a horsehave been shown to reduce anxiety in people of all ages．FishOne of the study focused on people who had Alzheimer's disease（阿尔茨海默氏病）．When they dined in front of a tank of colorful fish，they ate more．DogsChildren who struggle with reading are less anxious when they read aloud to a trained dog．Their attitudes change and their skills improve．（1）About of pet owners in America buy their pets birthday gifts．A．one﹣thirdB.50 percentC.95 percentD．three quarters（2）The underlined phrase "two﹣way street" （in paragraph 1）means "．" A．Pets can reduce not only their owners' blood pressure but also their risk of heart disease B．Pets can improve not only their owners' physical health but also their mental health C．Pets are well loved both in the East and in the WestD．People love pets，and pets do their owners lots of good（3）According to the passage，people who were given crickets felt happier after a few weeks because．A．the ate moreB．they spent time caring for an animalC．they exercised moreD．they changed their attitudes（4）Horses have been involved in medical treatment plans in Europe．A．since the 1680sB．for more than two centuriesC．since 1860D．for about 160 years（5）Children who have difficulty reading become less anxious when．A．they play with rabbitsB．they read in front of a tank of colorful fishC．they are given some cricketsD．they read aloud to a trained dog（6）The main idea of the passage is that．A．pets are well loved in many countiesB．pets can improve people's physical healthC．pets have been used to help cure mental illnessD．it is still a mystery whether keeping pets brings benefits7．Think of a simple object﹣a piece of chalk，for example．Are you remembering its name，its shape，its color or its size？Are you remembering what it is used for，or the sound it makes when the teacher writes on the blackboard？Scientists say that memory includes different parts of the brain，such as language and the ability of sense．They believe that you begin to create a memory when you notice something with your senses．Then，messages are sent to different brain cells，which join together to form connections．A new connection goes into your short﹣term memory．It is stored there for about 30 seconds，and then it is either lost or stored in your long﹣term memory．Having a good memory means making lots of connections and storing them in your long ﹣term memory．To do this，you need to keep your brain in good shape．Eat plenty of brain food such as fish oil，fruit and vegetables．Laughter also makes your brain more active．Also，don't forget to exercise．So do some sports or just move around a lot in the house．Finally，get plenty of sleep．This will make your memories grow stronger．When you want to remember new information，you must pay special attention．Use your senses﹣sight，smell，hearing and touch﹣and keep repeating the information．To do well in your exams this year，turn off the TV，silence your mobile，and review your work regularly．To remember something special，use your imagination to create visual（视觉的）connections．For example，you need to take a pencil，an eraser，your ID card and chips to your next exam．Imagine the ID card as the body of an animal，the pencil its long neck，and the eraser its head．Your animal is hungry，so now imagine it eating a bag of chips．It may sound crazy，but it's fun and it works．Another way is to do something different to yourroom．Turn a picture upside﹣down，or tie a sock around the door handle to remind（提醒）yourself of something to remember!（1）At the beginning，the writer gives an example to．A．lead in the topic of the articleB．show the importance of chalkC．let readers remember the wordD．make readers know his favorite（2）How many ways are mentioned to have a good memory in Paragraph 2？A.2B.3C.4D.5（3）The main idea of the third paragraph is．A．how to do well in examsB．how to remember new informationC．why to review your workD．what to eat to make memories stronger（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．Memory has nothing to do with languages．B．Laughter can help to improve our memory．C．A picture of eating chips is the most useful．D．Our brain is difficult to keep in good shape．8．Nearly three﹣fourths of American teenagers own smartphones﹣many of them filled with all kinds of apps．Thirty﹣one percent of teens get in touch with friends they have not met in person，and thirty﹣two percent have communicated with a complete stranger online．An officer named Pamela Casey in the US is helping children know more about smartphone dangers．Casey joined "CBS This Morning" to discuss the risks and how parents can protect their kids by changing the settings （设置）on their phones．Casey's interest in the subject began with a phone call from one of her friends whosedaughter had been taking inappropriate （不适当的）photos．"She said she found them in a vault app．The app is like a calculator （计算器）but you put in a certain pass code．It took you to a vault that she had hidden all these photos that she had been sharing，" Casey said．The mother told Casey，"You've got to tell everybody．"（1）How many American teenagers have their own smartphones？A．About 25%．B．About 30%．C．About 35%．D．About 75%．（2）Why did Pamela Casey join "CBS This Morning"？A．To discuss the risks and protect kids．B．To help children know about smartphones．C．To get in touch with friends．D．To warn kids about the risks．（3）What is not right according to the passage？A．Parents can protect their kids by changing the setting on their phones．B．Most teenagers have communicated with a stranger online．C．The daughter of Casey's friend had been taking inappropriate photos．D．Casey's friend found her daughter's photos in an app called vault．（4）What's the meaning of the underlined phrase "pass code"？A．地址B．密码C．通行证D．身份证9．3D printing is becoming more and more popular．We are now able to print things such as clothing，musical instruments and even cars．People and businesses are able to create the things they need very quickly and easily by using 3D printers．But can you imagine printing food？Some scientists are trying to change the diningexperience completely by doing this．They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will become as common as the blender or microwave．Scientists say that they are easy to use：you simply have to choose a recipe（食谱）and put the uncooked food "inks" into the printer to make the food you want．This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and healthy meals．Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment．There would be less need for traditional growing，shipping and packaging steps as food production would be a lot quicker and better．For example，tree leaves and insects could be turned into tasty products! Printing food could also help people who have a swallowing（吞咽）trouble．They could program the printer to print softer kinds of their favorite foods so that they would not have difficulty swallowing them．However，some people think that a future of 3D﹣printed food would be a disaster．It could take away many jobs，including those for growing，shipping and packaging food．Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes and structures could be printed from an uncooked "food ink"．Traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business，too．Also，there are worries about the healthy value of printed food：is it really possible to get what we need from food﹣based "inks" or something like that？As we know，cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity．It is hard to imagine a world where the pastime of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button．（1）The second paragraph mainly tells us．A．we can change our recipes by 3D food printingB．there are many ways of printing food on the 3D printerC.3D food printing has become very common in the kitchenD．some scientists are trying to make 3D food printing used widely（2）The writer gives the example in Paragraph 3 in order to．A．show us how 3D food printing worksB．tell us why we should use 3D food printingC．help us to know what we can use to print foodD．let us understand when to use 3D food printing（3）How many disadvantages of 3D food printing are mentioned from the last two paragraphs？A．Two．B．Three．C．Four．D．Five．（4）What is the writer's opinion about 3D food printing？A.3D﹣printed food is tasty and necessary．B．It is difficult to understand 3D food printing．C．Cooking food is more pleasant than printing food．D．It is happy to see the change of the dining experience．10．Every 14 days，another language dies．There are many reasons for this．Some people think more common languages have more economic（经济的）power．Because of this，young people choose to learn a common language as they think it is more useful．Another reason is that some languages aren't written down．Guujaaw is a leader of the Haida Nation，whose people have lived on the Queen Charlotte Islands，Canada，for more than 10，000 years．Their language is endangered．Traditionally，it wasn't written down，and，as a result，some people are worried that it will die one day．Guujaaw replies to this，"We talk to each other，listen，visit，and believe in the spoken word．Expressing yourself without writing is natural．" However，if Guujaaw's language and others like it are going to stay alive，writing may have to become part of their lives．When a language dies，a lot of knowledge dies with it．To begin with，language is a huge part of the culture of the people who speak it．Language allows speakers to say certain things：words that describe a cultural idea may not translate exactly into another language．Furthermore，many endangered languages have rich spoken cultures．Stories，songs and histories are passed on from older people to younger generations（一代）．Elizabeth Lindsey，a language researcher，emphasizes（强调）this．"When an elder dies，a library is burned，" she says．Also，language death affects our knowledge about nature．Local people often have a deep understanding of plants，animals，and the relationship between them．David Harrison，a researcher on endangered languages，reflects，"80% of plant and animal species（物种）have been undiscovered by science．But that doesn't mean they're unknown to humans．"Many languages are endangered．However，it's not too late．Children often grow up speaking two languages．"No one…becomes richer by giving up…one language to learn another，" Harrison said．If children feel both languages are important，they will use both．So，it is necessary that children realize how useful their local language is．（1）How many reasons are mentioned for endangered languages in Paragraph 1？A．2B．3C．．4D．5（2）What does the writer mainly tell us in Paragraph 2？A．How cultures are passed on．B．How cultures are discovered．C．Why languages are written down．D．Why languages are important to cultures．（3）The underlined word "affects" in the passage means ""．A．waits forB．depends onC．is different fromD．has an influence on（4）Which of the following is the writer's opinion？A．People need to use common languages more often．B．The spoken word is more important than the written word．C．Children are the hope to stop the local language from dying．D．Many animals and plants are in danger because of dying languages．11．Are You Right Handed or Left Handed？Which hand do you use when writing？About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed．They often have to use tools that are designed for right﹣handed people．So it is difficult for left﹣handers to use most tools．If you are right handed，try this experiment：Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces．Don't be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）．In the past，people thought it was strange to use the left hand．Young students looked down upon their left﹣handed classmates．Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write．But these days parents and teachers have accepted that．In almost every school in the world，left﹣handed students can use their left hand to write．What causes people to be left handed or right handed？Experts have searched long and worked hard on this．They concluded（得出结论）that left﹣handed people are left handed for the same reason that right﹣handed people are right handed．One out of every ten people just is a left﹣hander．It's simply like the color of our eyes﹣some people have brown eyes，while some others have black eyes．However，many researchers think that left﹣handers and right﹣handers are different in some aspects．Right﹣handers are more talkative and outgoing than left﹣handers．Many right﹣handed people understand spoken words better．For example，after they listen to directions to a supermarket，they can find it easily．Right﹣handers are good at organizing people，too．They are also better basketball guards．Just ask Yao Ming．Research shows that left﹣handers are creative and artistic．Many famous performers，like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney，are left handed．Many left﹣handers learn better visually （在视觉方面）．In art，both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed．In science，you find Newton and Einstein．The left﹣handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports．If you prefer one hand，but you are still good at writing with the other，you are mixed handed．Research shows mixed﹣handers can remember everyday things better than other people．What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago？If you're mixed handed，you can probably remember．（1）If right﹣handers cut up potatoes with their left hand，they will．A．get hurtB．give up cuttingC．feel uncomfortableD．change their tools（2）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？A．Causes of being left handed．B．Encouragement to left﹣handers．C．Punishment for using the left hand．D．Changes in opinions on left﹣handers．（3）According to the passage，right﹣handers．A．learn better visuallyB．are good organizersC．are better at single sportsD．give clear directions to others（4）From the passage，we can learn that left﹣handers．A．may be more talkative and outgoingB．are ordinary people like right﹣handersC．might remember everyday things betterD．no longer need to use right﹣handed tools12．An App for ParkingIs it very difficult for you to park your car when you go out？Don't worry．Parking Insider can help you．Parking Insider is a smart app with a mobile wallet．You can use it to help you park your car quickly and pay for the parking in a really short time．The app also invites users to earn free minutes of parking by taking pictures of free parking spaces．The app uses the photos to make a heat map．The map lets other users find open parking spaces more easily．If you want to use the app，you should be one of the clients（客户）of Deutsche Bank．As a client ofDeutsche Bank，you can have an account to pay for your parking through the app．You'd also need to drive Mercedes﹣Benz，a smart car or other Daimler products．To give better service，the makers of the app are trying hard to be partners with other banks and car companies．The app is very popular now，but it has to face plenty of competitions．Cities are making their own parking and paying apps．There are a number of companies already focusing on the issue，too，including Park Now and PayByPhone．（1）What is the Parking Insider？A．It's a car company．B．It's a mobile wallet．C．It's a smart app．D．It's a bank card．（2）What does the Parking Insider use pictures from users to do？A．To earn free minutes of parking．B．To give users better service．C．To make a map which helps users' parking．D．To pay for the parking through the app．（3）What should you have if you want to use Parking Insider？A．A map with pictures．B．Some pictures of free parking spaces．C．A new car made in America．D．An account at Deutsche Bank．（4）What does the underlined word "issue" refer to？A．Face plenty of competitions．B．Cities make parking and paying apps．C．Try to be partners with banks．D．Help peoples' parking with an app．（5）Where can you probably read the passage？A．In a history book．B．On a website of science．C．In a newspaper for students．D．In a book about singers．13．We often use some warning signals to describe how serious a meteorological disaster（气象灾害）is．For example，let's see how to describe the level of a snowstorm．Warning signal Meaning NoticeIt means the amount of snowfall reaches 4mm or more in 12 hours，or the snowfall continues when it gets to 4mm．It may affect （影响）people's daily life．Fight against snowstorm；Work of sweeping and melting the snow；Be careful not to slide （滑倒）．The amount of snowfall reaches 6 mm ormore in 12 hours，or the snow continuesto fall after it gets to 6 mm．It may haveeffects on people's daily life．The same as the first notice．The amount of snowfall reaches 10 mm or more in 6 hours，or it continues to fall after getting to 10 mm．It has a great effect on people's life．The same as the first notice and moreover，avoid unnecessary outdoor activities．The amount of snowfall reaches 15 mm ormore in 6 hours，or it continues to fallafter getting to 15 mm．It has a verygreat effect on people's life．The same as the third notice．（1）Which of the four signals describe the most serious snowstorm？A．The blue one．B．The yellow one．C．The orange one．D．The red one．（2）If the amount of snowfall gets to 13 mm in 6 hours，the signal should be．。
高考语文科普文章类文本阅读专项训练专项练习附解析
高考语文科普文章类文本阅读专项训练专项练习附解析一、科普文章类文本阅读1．阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
笙的前身是“和”。
“和”，甲骨文写作，，左边表示形，如同笙的样子，右边的“禾”字表示读音。
“和”并不是一个单纯的符号，而是取象于笙这件和谐共鸣的乐器。
“笙，生也，象物贯地而生也。
”作为乐器的“笙”，通“生长”的“生”，有万物生发的意思。
笙斗就像大地，簧片像种子，笙苗就像生长出来的万物。
当我们演奏笙的时候，一呼一吸好似一阴一阳，与《道德经》的“万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和”殊途同归。
这说明了笙与道家文化“天人合一”观念的同一性。
《齐物论》中讲到了“地籁”“人籁”“天籁”三位一体的和谐观念，“籁”字也是笙的名字。
笙发音，气振簧鸣，气停音止，恰恰蕴藏着天地间万物欢歌的含义。
笙可以中和那些个性鲜明的民族乐器，如唢呐、二胡、琵琶等。
这些乐器独奏的时候，往往能给人留下深刻的印象，但在合奏的时候，若个性过分夸张，反而让彼此间无法交融。
有了笙，这种问题就能得到一定程度的缓解。
因为笙的每一个音，都用两个以上的音组合起来演奏。
这种多音组成的传统和声具有很宽的泛音频谱，可以补偿合奏中缺失的频段，让音乐听起来更加丰满圆融。
二胡的滑音，唢呐的嘹亮，鼓的高亢，《十面埋伏》里一把琵琶就能演绎出千军万马，这些音乐表达对于笙来说，都是望尘莫及的。
笙是簧片乐器，这种发音原理决定了它的局限性。
但笙奏出的音乐虽然直接但不僵硬，可以委婉但决不谄媚妖娆，这种疏朗简洁的艺术魅力，是其他乐器所无法比拟的。
笙的这种音乐之美，恰恰是庙堂之气与君子之义的绝佳表现：喜不必得意忘形，悲不必哭天抢地。
中国古代士大夫阶层习惯用一种有节制的优雅姿态来抒发内心的感情。
这种细腻而深刻的处置，或许就是我们祖先面对无常人生的淡定和从容。
清朝人评价姜夔的词如“瘦石孤花，清笙幽磬”，唐代《游春台诗》中亦有“凤凰三十六，碧天高太清”。
这里的凤凰，指的就是笙。
笙声为“清”，而“清”是中国独有的美学概念。
(化学)化学科普阅读题练习题含答案及解析
（化学）化学科普阅读题练习题含答案及解析一、中考化学科普阅读题1．宁厂古镇位于重庆巫溪县附近，是中国早期制盐地之一，距今约5000年之久。
其主要的工艺流程如下：先将盐卤(亦称卤水或卤汁)引入深达数米的贮卤池沉淀杂质，再经笕管导入纵向排列的数口铁锅中开始熬。
卤水先经大火煎煮，迅速蒸发水分，然后利用豆汁或蛋清、猪血等吸附硫酸钙等杂质，再用竹编的筛子舀起，称为“提浆”。
提浆之后的锅内盐卤“清澈见底”，之后用小火慢慢熬煮，适时下母子渣盐(盐种)，促使卤水结晶成盐粒。
已经结晶的盐粒还需要经过淋花水的工序。
花水是一种卤汁，将卤汁一遍遍淋在刚刚结晶的盐粒上，洗去盐粒表面残留的杂质，增加盐粒的亮泽度。
之后滤去残留的水分，再转至烘干炕摊开烘干，最后打包、计重、入库房。
(1)“提浆”和实验室“过滤”一样，都是为了除去溶液中不溶性杂质，在实验室的过滤操作中必需要用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒和____。
(2)熬盐和实验室的____原理相同。
(3)竹编的筛子相当于实验室的过滤操作中所用到的____。
(4)花水是氯化钠的____(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液。
(5)氯化钠是重要的化工原料。
工业上通过电解饱和食盐水来大量制取烧碱， 同时得到二种副产物氢气和氯气，反应的化学方程式为____。
【答案】漏斗 蒸发 滤纸 饱和 2222NaCl 2H O2NaOH Cl H ++↑+↑通电 【解析】【分析】【详解】（1）过滤过程中用到玻璃仪器有烧杯玻璃棒漏斗，故填：漏斗；（2）熬盐和实验室蒸发的原理相同，故填：蒸发；（3）竹编的筛子起到过滤作用，相当于滤纸，故填：滤纸；（4）花水是一种卤汁，洗去盐粒表面残留的杂质，只去除杂质不溶解氯化钠，是氯化钠的饱和溶液，故填：饱和；（5）电解饱和食盐水制取烧碱， 同时得到副产物氢气和氯气，化学方程式为： 2222NaCl 2H O2NaOH Cl H ++↑+↑通电【点睛】 该题考察过滤操作的原理，及注意事项2．阅读下列科普短文。
四年级语文科普文阅读练习
第二部分阅读请你仔细阅读每一篇文章，回答后面的问题。
每个问题后面有A、B、C、D四个选项，请选择一个最恰当的．．．．．．答案，并把这个答案涂在答题卡的相应位置上。
①大自然的现象真是千奇百怪，样样俱全。
风就是其中的一种。
②风对于我们并不陌生，风像一位神奇的隐士，看不见也摸不着。
一会儿，它像个乖巧的孩子；一会儿，又像个调皮的顽童；一会儿，像个慈祥的母亲，轻拂着你的脸庞；一会儿，又像凶神恶煞，疯狂地抽打着你的身躯。
总之，它是变化无常的。
③那么，风又是怎样形成的呢？④其实很简单。
只要空气流动，就会产生风。
只不过，有时流动得快，有时流动得慢罢了。
地球上，有6个风带：南、北信风带，南、北东风带和南、北西风带。
由于这6个风带的纬度、方向和速度的不同，就会出现我们所说的不同种类的风。
此外，风形成的因素还有地形的高低、气候的冷暖等。
⑤风对我们人类作出了巨大的贡献。
古代，劳动人民利用风的原理，给船加上风帆，于是，帆船就成了沟通各大洋之间的主要交通工具。
明代，郑和七次下西洋使用的帆船就有两千多吨重，足以显示当时造船业的高度发达及风的巨大作用。
近代，由于热机的发明，帆船的地位逐渐下降，但是，又由于现代的“经济危机”和“能源危机”的反复冲击，帆船的地位又逐渐回升了。
将来，新型的帆船会乘风破浪地出现在辽阔的海洋上。
⑥我国人民很早就利用风车磨面。
现代，美国的一个研究机构，做了一个大风车，用来发电，其发电量足够一个1500户人家的村镇使用。
随着科学的发展，人类利用风的原理，制造风洞，研究气流，一定会有新的进展。
不过，风也有它有害的一面。
美国出现过的黑风暴，曾席卷大半个美国，将3亿吨优质土统统吹入了大西洋。
我国沿海的台风，墨西哥湾的以及加勒比海的飓（jù）风，都给当地人民带来灾害。
⑦风是大自然的现象。
它能给人类造福，也能给人类带来灾害。
但是，人是大自然的主人，他们有能力改造自然，征服自然。
随着时代的进一步发展，相信不远的将来，风一定会给人类带来更大的幸福。
高考语文科普说明文阅读理解专项训练及答案
高考语文科普说明文阅读理解专项训练及答案解题方法一、科普文章的含义科普文章是一种以科学技术知识为题材，用文艺性笔调写成的文章。
它兼有说明文和散文两种文体类型的特征和性质。
它方便、灵活、适应面广，可在各学科之间纵横驰骋，甚至将自然科学、现实生活、社会科学合为一体，融说理、抒情于一体，兼有杂文的犀利、论文的深刻、散文的情致、随笔的轻松甚至诗的清醇。
二、科普文章的文体特点1、短小性。
它篇幅小，然而就其知识容量、主题意义、现实作用又可以很大。
它旁征博引，尺幅千里，能及时反映科学上新的事物、思想、方法和动态。
2、知识性。
它普及科学知识，把科学的最新信息常州给读者。
它常常把握住现实生活中的某一事物或现象，用正确的理论，去进行科学的解释，纠正常识错误，从而使读者了解世界万物变化、运动的规律。
3、文学性。
它要以优美文字、形象手法，来表达科学内容。
它常采用比喻、拟人等文学手法和故事、对话、散文等形式及通俗、形象、幽默等语言，生动活泼、情趣盎然地介绍科学知识。
4、思想性。
它往往以具体细小的事物，阐发一点耐人寻味的哲学道理，给人起启示，发人深省。
三、阅读科普文章，要注意把握好两个层面的目标和要求：一是科学与人文的层面。
也可以说是科学的人文性。
从科学中吸取智慧与力量，体会求实的科学态度和勇于探索创新的科学精神。
另一个是知识和能力的层面。
要根据科学小品这一体裁的特点，学会筛选并整合文中有用信息，把握作者的写作思路，重点研习将抽象内容说明得具体生动的技巧。
四、科普文章阅读的基本要求①首先把它作为科技说明文来看待1、理清说明顺序。
了解并记住说明文常使用的说明顺序。
主要有空间、时间、逻辑顺序。
逻辑顺序又包含从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到局部、从概括到具体、从总说到分说、从现象到本质、从特点到用途等。
在段落中尽量找到表示说明顺序的显著的语言标志。
2、掌握结构特点。
说明文的总体结构通常分为三部分，即引出说明对象、详细解说对象（主体部分）、总结说明对象。
化学化学科普阅读题练习题20篇及解析
化学化学科普阅读题练习题20篇及解析一、中考化学科普阅读题1．请阅读下面的文章，并据此回答问题：科学家在研究大气中CO2的浓度变化会对地球的平均气温造成什么影响的问题时，采用的研究途径之一是：研究古气候大气中CO2的浓度变化和当时大气平均温度的变化关系．（1）有种方法是测量浅海贝类化石中硼、钙元素含量的比例．因为这个比例高低和这些贝类生长时的海水酸碱度有关，而海水酸碱度又和大气中CO2的浓度有关．将得到的有关数据和通过其它研究途径得到的同时期大气平均温度对比，即可得到同时期大气平均温度与大气中CO2的浓度的对应关系．海水酸碱度和大气中CO2的浓度有关的科学原理是．请在下列坐标图中，标出坐标轴的含义，并大致表示大气中CO2的浓度对海水酸碱度（用海水pH表示，海水略呈弱碱性）的影响关系．（2）科学家也通过另外途径研究古气候时CO2的浓度变化与当时大气平均温度的关系．如比较古代植物叶片化石及近现代植物标本，发现很多地区较多同种近现代植物叶片单位面积上气孔数目减少．从植物对环境的适应性考虑，造成这种变化的可能原因是：、（请写出两种）．（3）在生物圈中，你认为当前影响大气中CO2浓度变化的主要直接因素是：、（请写出两点）．【答案】（1）二氧化碳溶于水形成碳酸；（2）大气温度降低；二氧化碳含量降低（3）化石燃料的燃烧；植物的光合作用【解析】试题分析：（1）二氧化碳溶于水形成碳酸，大气中的二氧化碳浓度越高，溶于水生成的碳酸就越大，海水的pH就越低；大气中CO2的浓度对海水酸碱度（用海水pH表示，海水略呈弱碱性）的影响关系图如下：．（2）较多同种近现代植物叶片单位面积上气孔数目减少是因为大气温度降低，植物蒸发水分减少，二氧化碳的含量降低，植物的光合作用减弱；（3）化石燃料的燃烧释放大量二氧化碳、植物的光合作用吸收大量二氧化碳，这是当前影响大气中CO2浓度变化的主要直接因素；考点：二氧化碳的化学性质；二氧化碳对环境的影响；溶液的酸碱性与pH值的关系．点评：本题考查了二氧化碳的有关知识，结合所学知识逐一分析，难度不大．2．阅读下面材料，回答问题：炼草成油不是梦化石能源的大量使用会产生大量CO2，同时产生一些有污染的烟气，威胁全球生态。
科普文章类文本阅读专项训练练习题附解析
科普文章类文本阅读专项训练练习题附解析一、科普文章类文本阅读1．阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
材料一：因为宇宙辽阔无垠，所以那些我们所熟悉的适用于地球的量度单位——米、英里等等已经没有意义。
我们用光速来量度距离。
一束光每秒钟传播18．6万英里，约30万公里，也就是7倍于地球的周长。
一束光从太阳传播到地球用8分钟的时间，因此我们可以说，太阳离我们8光分。
一束光在一年之内约穿过10万亿公里的空间，这个单位称为1光年。
地球是宇宙中的一个地方，但决不是唯一的地方，也不是一个典型的地方。
任何行星、恒星或星系都不可能是典型的，因为宇宙中的大部分是空的。
唯一典型的地方在广袤、寒冷的宇宙真空之中，在星际空间永恒的黑夜里。
相比之下，行星，恒星和星系就显得特别稀罕而珍贵。
假如我们被随意搁置在宇宙之中，我们附着或旁落在一个行星上的机会只有1/l033。
在日常生活当中，这样的机会是“令人羡慕的”。
可见天体是多么宝贵。
（摘编自卡尔·萨根《宇宙的边疆》）材料二：现代大爆炸理论目前是解释宇宙起源的主流理论，它预测我们身处的这个宇宙来自于暴胀，即在宇宙大爆炸发生后的极短时间内，宇宙以指数形式膨胀。
宇宙学家普遍认为，一旦开始，在宇宙中的某些区域内，它就永远不会停止。
在这些区域内，量子效应会使暴胀永远进行下去。
所以从整个宇宙来看，暴胀的过程是没有终点的。
在这个被称作“永恒暴胀”的理论中，我们的可观测宇宙只是一个宜居的“口袋宇宙”，是一个暴胀已经停止而恒星和星系得以形成、生命得以出现的局部区域而已。
2017年接受采访时，霍金表示：“永恒暴胀理论通常预测我们的宇宙像是一个无限的分形，其中布满被暴胀海洋分隔开的不同的口袋宇宙。
一个口袋宇宙中的物理和化学定律可能和另一个口袋宇宙中的定律完全不同，这样就共同组成了一个多重宇宙。
”在采访中，霍金表示他不是多重宇宙理论的支持者，“因为如果多重宇宙中不同的宇宙太大甚至是无限大的话，这个理论不可能被检验。
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项练习含解析
高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）专项练习含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1.薜薜阅读理解"Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts," Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actor's head has always been something of a puzzle.Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, "It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing （压制）yourself; almost like the character is possessing you."Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role ——either Romeo or Juliet ——in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments.Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that they had fallen in love?Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises （前提）. In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet.The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character.The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex （前额皮质）linked to the sense of self, compared with when the actors were responding as themselves.However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than "pretending" to be someone — it involves embodying （体现）the text and language.（1）How did Dr Brown's team conduct their research?A.By scanning the brain activity of some actors.B.By doing a survey with some theatre goers.C. By interviewing some theatre teachers.D. By consulting some experienced researchers.（2）What is the finding of Dr Brown's research?A.Acting is not as mysterious as people think.B.Actors' brain activity differs when they are acting.C.Acting is far more than pretending to be the character.D.Actors' brain activity is more active when they are in character.（3）How did Philip Davis react to the research?A. He supported it.B. He doubted it.C. He explained it.D. He advocated it.（4）What is the text mainly about?A. A debate of how the brain functions.B. A play written by Shakespeare.C. A research on the brain activity of actors.D. A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors.【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） B（ 3） B（ 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究。
小学科学练习阅读
阅读方法:阅读科普作品能增长我们的科学知识,可是在读书的过程中会遇到一些不理解的科技术语,这时我们可以__查阅资料__，可以向他人请教，还可以上网搜索，试着去理解。
读完后我们也要想一想书中的内容讲得有没有道理,再去查一查相关资料,看看现在有没有什么新的研究成果。
1.《看看我们的地球》是一本（科学著作）。
(科学著作)2.李四光在《看看我们的地球》中，讲述了人类起源的问题的篇章是（《人类起源于中亚么？》）。
3.中世纪欧洲贵族在床顶安装帐幔的目的是(阻挡臭虫) 。
4.穿一件三倍厚的衬衫比穿三件衬衫(更冷)。
5.细菌最喜欢的温度是(37摄氏度〕。
6.血液被包在血管里，细菌假设要侵入血流中，必先攻陷皮肤和〔黏膜〕。
7.21世纪古人类学者和旧石器考古学者面临的三大课题中，有〔人类起源的时间、人类起源的地点、人类在演化过程中先进与落后的重叠现象〕8.《看看我们的地球》的作者是〔李四光〕，他是我国著名的〔地质学家〕。
9.关于燃料的种类，就形式上说，有〔固质〕〔液质〕〔气质〕三种；就实质上说，不过〔木材〕〔煤炭〕〔煤油〕三大宗。
10.水通过阻挡〔空气〕接触燃烧物来灭火。
11.想让面团膨胀，制成面包，需要在面团里加〔酵母〕。
12.灰尘里面夹杂着病菌和(病毒 )，它是我们健康危险的敌人。
13 .医学上用水，不许有一粒细菌（芽孢）的存在。
于是就有（无菌水）的创造，就是将装好的（蒸馏水）放在杀菌器里消毒，将水内的细菌一概杀灭。
14.《人类起源的演化过程》采纳了（第一人称）的写法，向广阔青年少朋友解答了（我们是从哪儿来）的问题。
15.《人类起源的演化过程》的作者贾兰坡曾长期参与、后又主持了（周口店北京人）的开掘和研究工作，并于（1936年）挖掘了三件比拟完整的（北京人）头盖骨。
（二）判一判。
1.麋鹿，又叫四不像。
2.世界上最小的鸟是蜂鸟。
3.流星是闯入地球大气层的一种行星际物质在大气层中与大气摩擦而发光的现象。
4.蛇有细长而分叉的舌，俗称蛇信子。
【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题及答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题及答案一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn't it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and China's Huawei both launched foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X respectively. Mobile phone use has entered the "foldable future", The Verge noted.The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, they're "the combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a single device".The technology could change other devices, too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to maximize available space.In a keynote address, Samsung's senior vice president of mobile product marketing, Justin Denison, called the foldable screen "the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow". "It's a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together." he said.So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? According to tech news website Android Authority, the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every 10 OLED (二极管) screens produced were imperfect. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That's a price that few people will be able to afford.But if the foldable device isn't going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry analyst told The Verge, "Few are debating if foldable or rollable mobile displays are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom."（1）What can be the best title for the text?A. Screen devices on the market.B. Foldable age is arriving.C. Possible powers of a tablet.D. Foldable screens are imperfect.（2）What can we learn from Justin Denison's words?A. The foldable screen has great potential.B. The Galaxy Fold still has many problems.C. The production of foldable phones will soon increase.D. Companies need to work together to develop foldable phone.（3）What is the problem with foldable phones at the moment?A. They are easy to break.B. They are inconvenient to carry.C. They are not as useful as expected.D. They are unaffordable for most families.（4）What is the author's attitude toward the future of the foldable screen?A. Worried.B. Cautious.C. Positive.D. Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。
《森林报》阅读练习题(附答案)
《森林报》阅读练习题（附答案）
一、我会填
1.《森林报》是（）著名科普作家（）的代表作。
这本书采用
了（）的形式，分（）个月报道了森林中有趣的事情。
2.根据日历，（）月（）日是春天的开始。
3.（）是钓鱼最好的饵料，这样可以钓到鲫鱼、鲤鱼和许多其他的鱼儿。
4.（）给我们提供了填充冬衣的轻暖鸭绒。
5.在森林里，有一种乌鸦，浑身长着斑点，我们管它叫（
）放到树洞里，作为过冬的食物。
二、我会选
1.候鸟离乡是几月至几月？（）
A8月-9月B9月TO月
2.冬天，白兔和白山鹑用（
A枯草B白雪
3.忍饥挨饿是几月至几月？（
A3月-4月B10月Tl月C1月-2月
4.小兔子刚出生，能睁开眼睛？（）
A能B不能
5.森林中的新规则指（）
A弱肉强食B互惠互助
三、我会判断
1.雪地里出生的兔宝宝是自己妈妈喂养的。
（）
2.全年中白天最长的一天是6月22日。
（）
3.神秘的坑是用来种植果树的。
（））O它采集
C 10月Tl月
）来掩护自己。
4.狐狸占了老崔的家。
（）
5.人们的绿色战友指的是森林。
（参考答案：
一、我会填
1.苏联维・比安基报刊12
2.3月21日
3.油麻饼
4.多毛绒鸭
5.星鸦松子
二、我会选
1.B
2.B
3.C
4.A
5.B
三、我会判断
1.×
2.V
3.√
4.√
5.√。
小学二年级上册科学阅读理解题
小学二年级上册科学阅读理解题问题一根据阅读材料，回答以下问题：1. 地球上有多少种不同的生物？2. 为什么有些动物在白天睡觉，在晚上活动？3. 什么是昆虫？举例一个昆虫的例子。
问题二阅读下面的文章，然后回答问题：文中提到了许多种植物和动物，介绍了它们的特点和生活性，请回答以下问题：1. 文中提到了哪些动物？它们分别属于哪个类别？2. 文中提到了哪些植物？它们有什么不同之处？问题三文中提到了大象和海豚，回答以下问题：1. 大象的皮肤是什么颜色的？它是怎样获得食物的？2. 海豚如何在水中生活？它通过什么方式进行通信？问题四根据文章，回答以下问题：1. 请从文中选择三个你喜欢的动物，并简要说明你喜欢它们的原因。
2. 请简要概括一下海豚的特点，包括它的外貌和性。
问题五根据阅读理解，回答以下问题：1. 请举例说明两种动物之间的相似之处和差异之处。
2. 请解释一下为什么动物需要水和食物来生存。
问题六根据文章内容，回答以下问题：1. 文中提到的动物分别属于哪个类别？2. 请简要解释一下哺乳动物和鸟类的不同之处。
问题七根据文章内容，回答以下问题：1. 请描述一下人类与动物之间的不同之处。
2. 请提供一个动物与人类之间有益互动的例子。
问题八阅读以下内容，回答问题：文中提到了两种动物，它们的特点有哪些？它们分别属于哪个类别？问题九根据文章内容，回答以下问题：1. 请列举三个你从文章中学到的新知识。
2. 请描述一下蚂蚁是如何居住和生活的。
问题十根据阅读内容，回答以下问题：1. 为什么蜜蜂对花朵很重要？蜜蜂如何进行食物收集？2. 请描述一下蚕的生命周期。
问题十一根据文章，回答以下问题：1. 请简要介绍一下蟋蟀的特点和生活性。
2. 请提供一个昆虫与人类之间有益互动的例子。
问题十二请回答以下问题：1. 文章中提到了哪些动物？它们分别属于哪个类别？2. 文章中提到了哪些植物？它们有什么不同之处？以上是小学二年级上册科学阅读理解题的相关问题，请认真阅读文中内容，并填写答案。
《高士其科普童话》课外阅读练习题(含答案)
高士其科普童话班级：______姓名：______一、单选题1.由于地球的自转，使北半球的风向（ ）吹。
（ ）A.右B.左C.上D.下2.古代的罗马，建造了十多里长的（ ）水管，解决了水的问题，这就是现代自来水的先声。
（ ）A.木头B.玻璃C.石头3.行星由太阳起往外的顺序是:水星、金星、地球、（ ）海王星。
（ ）A.火星、木星、土星天王B.木星、火星C.土星D.4.水在人体内，占体重（ ）。
（ ）A.二分之一B.三分之一C.四分之一5.植物说：空气我们需要你的氮它占空气中（ ）。
（ ）A.百分之三十B.百分之五十C.百分之七十八6.月食可分为月偏食、月全食及（ ）三种。
（ ）A.半影月食B.全影月食C.二影月食7.由于地球的自转，使南半球的风向（ ）吹。
（ ）A.右B.左C.上D.下8.雪花是一种美丽的结晶体，基本形状是（ ）。
（ ）A.五角形B.四角形C.六角形9.260年前荷兰的（ ）首先发现了细菌。
（ ）A.温特B.华伦海C.列文·虎克10.火山是多种多样的,根据它们的活动情况可以分为死火上休眠火山和（ ）三类。
（）A.冰火山B.水火山C.活秋山11.全世界海水的总体积是13.7亿立方公里，海水有（ ）种元素。
（ ）A.16B.17C.1812.冰川作用包括（ ）。
（ ）A.侵蚀；搬运；堆积B.搬运；作用；堆积C.堆积；搬运；移动13.空气中的氧占（ ），我们的肺大约要吸进两磅氧。
（ ）A.百分之五十B.百分之二十C.百分之三十14.新疆共有大小冰川186万多条，总面积24万多平方米，占中国冰川面积的（ ）。
（）A.60%B.40%C.80%D.90%二、多选题15.企鹅是南极的土著居民，生活在南极洲的企鹅有帝企鹅、阿德利企鹅、金图企鹅、（ ）7种。
A.帽带企鹅B.巴布亚企鹅C.喜石企鹅和浮华企鹅D.三、判断题16.霉菌是除了碳之盐之外什么无机盐都吃的生物。
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科普类阅读练习本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！阅读下面的文字，完成１４题。
只要回顾一下哲学在其古希腊的起源便可以看出，哲学最初就是一种力图摆脱自然观点、习常意见的做法。
无论是巴曼尼德斯和苏格拉底还是柏拉图和亚里士多德都带有这种意图，而且哲学家也从一开始就被非哲学的公众视为不同寻常的人，无论是在好的还是在坏的意义上。
就此而论，哲学和哲学制作者的本意也就在于原创，即不断地超越现有的、给定的视域，并拓展出异常的、非凡的维度。
哲学思维也就意味着寻找并发现新的思路、探求并指明新的可能。
它的这个特征在近代的大思想家如笛卡儿、休谟、康德、马克思等人那里得到保留和展开，以至于哲学越来越被看作是标新立异的活动。
而在二十世纪由胡塞尔和海德格尔等人所倡导的现象学中，这个精神得到了再一次的弘扬。
所谓现象学原则，归根到底就是一种对思想原创性的要求，它的”面对事实本身”的口号无非就意味着一种撇开一切已有的传统、习俗和教义，彻底地从头开始的尝试和意图。
正是在这个意义上，有人主张现象学就是哲学的基本思想。
当然哲学史上也曾有人声言，哲学与原创无缘，例如席勒或狄尔泰便把哲学看作单纯□的，而非□的，这也可能在哲学的古希腊源头上找到依据，甚至整个希腊哲学都可以看作是对”给出根据”的要求。
以后它也与”健全理智”的预设联系在一起。
但这归根结底只是一个对原创性概念的术语使用问题。
事实上没有人否认在哲学分析和哲学论证上也有原创的和非原创的之分。
由此说开去，不仅哲学家可以具有原创性，甚至历史学家也可以是如此。
我据此而想说的是：哲学强调原创，这原则上不成为问题。
而且思想的原创性是每一个致思者多多少少迟迟早早都会面对的问题。
除非--这是我们所要考虑的另一类情况--我们从一开始就像卡斯悌尔那样，以一种根本不想当将军的士兵心态，坚信”与其去创造藐小的东西，不如去理解伟大的东西”。
１．框内填入词语最恰当的一项是Ａ．模仿和因循征服和冒险Ｂ．保守和规范新奇和反叛Ｃ．分析和论证创造和建构Ｄ．发展和深化革命和反叛２．关于哲学的原创性，不符合原文内容的一项是Ａ．哲学的原创性在古希腊时期就表现出来了。
Ｂ．在近代和二十世纪，哲学的创造性得到一再的表现和弘扬。
Ｃ．正是由于其原创性，哲学和哲学家受到攻击是由来已久的。
Ｄ．现象学”面对事实本身”的口号正表现了哲学的原创性。
３．不符合内容的一项是Ａ．因为哲学家思维上对现有的、给定的视域的超越，所以往往被公众看作是不同寻常的人。
Ｂ．笛卡儿、休谟、康德、马克思等著名的哲学家正是在超越以往的哲学思维中创建了自己的学说的。
Ｃ．哲学从其古希腊的起源时期起就确立了它的原创性的特点，哲学的原创性是古往今来的共识。
Ｄ．哲学离不开分析和论证，但在分析和论证中，同样渗透着原创性的特点。
４．对最后一句话的理解，最准确的一项是Ａ．我们应根据自己的实际情况来确定自己是否能成为哲学家。
Ｂ．在哲学发展史上，还有一些学者毕生都致力于研究和诠释前人的思想。
Ｃ．哲学应具有原创性，否则便不能成为一门独立的学科。
Ｄ．根据哲学家的原创能力，可以将他们划分成不同的优劣等级。
参考答案１．Ｃ２．Ｃ３．Ｃ４．Ｂ提示：１题考查根据上下文搜索信息的能力。
不能仅凭”原创”一词来猜测方框内的文字，根据下文提到的”哲学分析和哲学论证”可以来选出正确答案。
２题考查有关信息的提取能力。
阅读区域在第一段。
Ｃ的”受到攻击”的说法是不全面的，因为原文明确提到”好”和”坏”两个方面。
３题考查有关信息的提取能力。
阅读区域在第一、二段。
Ｃ的”哲学的原创性是古往今来的共识”的说法在第二段开头有明确的反例。
４题考查对文中句子的理解能力。
Ａ、Ｃ、Ｄ的说法是文段中不曾涉及的。
抓住引号内的话语来理解确定正确答案。
语文老师高三文杨晓星我一定要写写这个语文老师，他是我有生以来第一个在各方面都让我崇拜和佩服得五体投地的老师。
不写给谁看--怕人家说我阿谀奉承；就写给自己--抒发一下遇到一位好老师时兴奋和感激的心情。
开学前于老师打来电话告诉我文科班的语文老师名叫徐克兴。
不知道为什么当时我的脑海里浮现出一位严肃恐怖的中年妇女的形象，而且我想到优秀的顾德希老师最终还是光荣引退了，心里不由得一阵失望。
这个老师，多么奇怪，”克星！”开学了，我居然是语文课代表。
我最憷在办公室和老师接触了。
好吧，不就是偶尔收收作业什么的。
第一堂语文课之前，我觉得作为课代表应该提前代表全班同学去”审查”一下一直还没露面的徐克兴老师，于是来到语文办公室，喊报告之前，一位中年男老师拎着一只黑色耐克皮包匆匆走出办公室，我没有注意，进去随便找了一位老师请教哪一位是徐老师。
”刚出去，你没看见？”老师这样回答我。
”啊？是男的？”我纳闷地嘟囔了一句，不顾那老师怪异的目光，也匆匆上楼回班。
”果然”徐老师是位男老师，而且就是那个”耐克皮包”！我坐下的时候他正在和班主任打听课代表是谁。
听到班主任报出我的名字，我赶忙打个呼：”老师，刚才去找过您，但是我以为您是女老师。
”话一出口发现非常不着调，我赶紧低下头装作认真看语文试卷的样子，不敢想象当时徐老师的表情。
老师和课代表的头一次接触竟然如此尴尬和不顺利，以后我一想起这一幕就起鸡皮疙瘩。
这一天中午我去徐老师那里登考试成绩，顺便听老师布置了我作为课代表的主要工作--每次课前到办公室拿他的耐克皮包。
这没问题！老师上课的时候说了，他的腿不好，学校特批他坐着讲课。
那么我作为课代表当然应该为老师教学方便、尤其是他的身体健康着想。
于是我牢记徐老师的嘱托，认真负责地承担起了这项工作。
截止到xxxx年10月19日，我一共为徐老师拎了17次包，除去一次下楼稍晚在楼道里接过老师的皮包以外，其余16次均保证风雨无阻，准确到位。
小道消息传说徐老师对本人此举较为满意，导致本人颇为得意，以后工作更加起劲。
以下一段我和旧时同窗好友关于拎包的对话作为插叙，与表达中心无关：”你为什么每次上语文课都去给老师拎包？””老师腿不好。
””嗯？昨天放学的时候我还看见他骑车回家呢。
””腿不好还骑车？！？”我一时诧异……大概是从开学第二周开始，我已经被语文课以及语文老师深深吸引，而课前的拎包工作也在成为学校生活中令我期待的一个重要部分。
那感觉是非常温馨和惬意的：我喊报告进办公室，通常那个时候徐老师在打水，他会冲我笑笑然后到办公桌前把皮包递给我，还说一声”谢谢”或者”辛苦”！有一次我早晨到学校背着书包直接去找老师，老师笑呵呵地问我”家在哪儿住啊”；还有一次老师放了几块糖在我手里然后说：”这是老师的喜糖……”看上去差不多50岁的徐老师的喜糖？我吓了一跳，反应过来这是其他老师送给徐老师的喜糖（比较搞笑的情节）。
徐老师只叫我拿他的皮包。
偶尔有一些试卷。
他从不叫我拿他刚打好开水的瓶子。
可能是怕烫着我吧，我美滋滋地这样想。
回过头来再说我为什么被语文课以及语文老师深深吸引。
原因很简单：徐老师讲课讲的好。
我不知道该如何描述他讲课是怎样的好法。
如果勉强地写，我的文字就肯定要落入俗套了。
因为，如果叫我描述一个老师讲课如何枯燥乏味，说不定我会描述得很生动，而好老师都是一个样的：讲课吸引人，学生不犯困。
当然徐老师讲课自有他的特别之处，讲台前的他，眼睛是亮亮的。
听徐老师讲课，我不只懂得了一些用来考试的语文知识，也不只懂得了一些精彩华美的诗词对联，他亮晶晶的眼神把另一些东西写在我的心里，一些只可意会的东西。
我实在说不清楚那是什么，反正用”胜读十年书”和”终身受用”来形容都是不为过的。
真的。
现在我学习语文的时候感觉总是很振奋。
我不再懒得查字典了，我不再懒得把现代文读三遍、把古文读五遍了，我不再懒得写作文之前打草稿、然后认真用钢笔抄写了，我不再懒得把自己搞不明白的东西画上记号拿去请教老师了。
因为我是徐老师的语文课代表，我不仅要让我对我拎包的工作觉得满意，我还有更高的目标，这个目标已经成为我学习语文的动机了--我希望有一天徐老师会像我觉得他是一个顶好顶好的老师那样觉得我是个顶好顶好的学生。
尽管”动机不纯”，我还是决定朝着这个方面努力。
结尾总该写点儿很有教育意义或者含义深刻的话。
但是我心血来潮想创新一下，毕竟这些文字都是给自己看的，可以写自己想说的话。
我祝徐老师身体永远都健健康康！【评语】如果从的构思之严谨方面来评说，那么这篇作文可能不是出色的。
但淡淡的、朴实的文字中自然地流露出的对一位老师的热爱之情，却非常能够打动读者。
稍带些调皮、幽默味道的语言使得对老师的赞美没有变得呆板，相反，处处充满了生活情调。
如中对课前拎包工作的描写就是很见作者写作功力的，紧接着的写徐老师课堂的那段文字又能让人在展颜一笑后，有细细体会的空间。
总之，这篇的成功之处就在于它的题材之旧和笔法之不落窠臼的完美结合上。
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