Participle(分词)
英语中的过去分词是什么
英语中的过去分词是什么英语中的过去分词是什么过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。
规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成(规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词属于类动词:1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还强调已完成了。
The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,同样强调动作的完成。
He is retired. 他已退休。
3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
拓展阅读:构成规则1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed ”。
(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”。
live---lived---lived(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“-ed”。
study―studied―studied,cry―cried―cried,try―tried―tried,fry―fri ed―fried.[1](4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(r、y、x除外),先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。
stop―stopped―stopped,drop―dropped―dropped特例:有两类动词本身应该直接加“ed”,但由于历史习惯,依旧要双写最后一个字母,再加“ed”。
以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“ed”。
例如cancel→cancelled,dial→dialled。
participle(分词)
Correction:
4.Act as the adverbial:( 状语)
A.表示时间,相当于时间状语从句 (1) Wandering through the street, I caught sight of my teacher. (2)( When/While) reading the book, I noticed a few spelling mistakes. (3) Taken around the city, we were impressed by its new look. (4)(When) asked to answer the question,she was very nervous. B.表示原因,相当于原因状语从句 (1)Thinking he might be at home, I called him.
a developed country
a tiring speech a tired heart a disappointing boy a disappointed boy
I.Function:功能
1.Act as the predicative:(表语)
1) The result was surprising./They were surprised at
the boiled water the water that has boiled
the changing city the changed city
the city that is changing the city that has changed
a developing country
a country that is developing a country that has developed a speech that is tiring a heart that is tired a boy who is disappointing a boy who is disappointed
高中英语非谓语动词的用法讲解上课讲义
•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.
e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______.
A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?
1. (MET92 14) --I usually go there by
train.
--Why not ____ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
2.Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he
persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. + sb to do
医生建议他去南方.
The doctor advised him to go to the south.
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:
watch
let
五看 see
三使 make
look at
have
notice observe
不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语. It is adj. (for sb) to do sth. It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do. It takes sb +time to do.
巩固练习1 1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。
It is not good for you to smoke.
participle词根
Participle是英语中一种常见的词性,它源自动词,具有形容词和动词两种性质。
有两种主要的分词形式:现在分词(present participle)和过去分词(past participle)。
现在分词的形式通常以"-ing"结尾,而过去分词则常常以"-ed"结尾。
分词可以作为形容词使用,用以描述或修饰名词,例如在句子"He's sleeping"中,"sleeping"作为现在分词起到形容词的作用,描述了主语的状态。
此外,分词还可以作为动名词使用,充当名词的角色,例如在句子"I have finished my homework"中,"finished"作为过去分词相当于一个名词,代表了完成的动作。
此外,分词还可以用来构成进行时态和完成时态的谓语动词,需要与辅助动词一起使用。
例如在句子"I am running"中,"running"作为现在分词与助动词"am"一起构成了进行时态的谓语动词。
在学习和应用中,了解分词的性质和用法对于理解英语句子的结构以及丰富词汇表达具有重要意义。
现在分词的用法
现在分词的用法现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
☆现在分词的两个基本特点:1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
(试比较:a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳)2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
(试比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)一:构成形式doing 现在分词表示主动的,或进行的动作二:时态与语态主动被动一般式doing Being done完成式having done Having been done三:否定式:所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not1)现在分词的时态:现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念,其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。
这一点和不定式用法相同。
A)现在分词的一般式:doing表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
或是谓语动作发生时,分词的动作正在发生过程中。
如:Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.She smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。
)她闻到有东西烧焦了。
She sat on the chair, reading a novel.B)现在分词的完成式:having done表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
past participle的用法
Past Participle的用法1. Past Participle的定义和形式Past Participle(过去分词)是英语中的一种非谓语形式,通常用来形容或修饰名词或代词。
在过去式动词的基础上加上-ed或不规则形式构成。
例如,动词”eat”的过去分词形式是”eaten”,动词”go”的过去分词形式是”gone”。
2. 作为形容词的用法Past Participle可以作为形容词用来修饰名词或代词,起到描述或说明的作用。
常见的例子有: - The broken vase needs to be repaired.(需要修理的破花瓶)- The lost dog was found by its owner.(迷路的狗被它的主人找到了)在这些句子中,“broken”和”lost”都是过去分词形式作为形容词修饰了名词。
3. 作为完成时的用法Past Participle还常常用来形成完成时态,表示过去发生的动作或状态与现在的关系。
完成时态由助动词have/has/had加上动词的过去分词构成。
例如: - I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业) - They had already left when I arrived.(当我到达时,他们已经离开了)完成时态用来强调过去的行为或状态对现在的影响或结果。
通过使用已经完成的动作,我们可以清楚地表示出这种关系。
4. 作为被动语态的用法Past Participle还可以用来构成被动语态。
被动语态是指将句子的主语变成动作的接受者,并且使用助动词”be”加上动词的过去分词形式。
例如: - The cake was baked by my mother.(蛋糕是我妈妈烤的) - The book has been written by a famous author.(这本书是由一位著名作家写的)被动语态使得我们可以强调动作的接受者,而不是动作的执行者。
动词的分词用法participle - 副本
Have a practice :
Please change the following relative clauses into participle phrases.
1. The sun which is rising == the rising sun
2. The forest which is burning == the burning forest 3. The baby who is crying == the crying baby 4. the scene which is frightening 5. The person who is charming 6. The weather which is freezing 7. The course which is required 8. The arm which is broken == the frightening scene == the charming person == the freezing weather == the required course
分词的时态和语态
非谓语动词——分词
1) 现在分词的完成式:having done表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词 之前。 Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. Not having made adequate preparations, we postponed the sports meet. 2) 现在分词的被动式:being done,表示某一被动动作在讲话时正在 发生,或与谓语的动作同时发生。 Who is the patient being operated on? 正在被做手术的那位病人是谁?(作定语) You will find the matter being talked about all over the town. 你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事情。(作宾补) 3)现在分词完成时的被动语态:The man, having been
_非谓语动词之分词作状语
分词作状语
状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。
分词 作状语
让步
原因
条件
结果
时间
伴随 方式
分词作状语功能表
表示的范围
相当的状语从句
1.时间
时间状语从句
2.原因
原因 状 语从句
3.条件
条件 状 语从句
4.让步
让步状 语从句
5.方式பைடு நூலகம்伴随
没有合适的状语从句
一、分词做状语
Heated, water turns into steam
*When heated, water turns into steam. =When water is heated, water turns into steam.
5.The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by many students.
A.现在分词作状语学与练
把划线部分改写成分词短语
并说明其功能 1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up. *现在分词短语作( 时间状语 )
*现在分词动作的发出者是( 句子主语)
完成式
2.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. *现在分词短语 作原因状语
3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式doing (特殊的略)现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语1.作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一e.g. a running boythe girl standing there并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句e.g. a boy who is runninga girl who is standing there注意1:分词的完成时不可作定语注意2:在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点注意3:某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性 eg. an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化(原级比较级最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰我们一般不说:The girl having won the race is my deskmate.而常这样说:The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.done用作后置定语,表示被动,同时表示过去的时间, 这种结构中一般都用及物动词。
英语不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词
I made him do his work.
He ______________________by me. was made to do his work
See sb do sth --- sb be seen to do
He was seen ___ from the tree and get hurt. A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen
To get enough sleep at night is important. It____________________________________. is important to get enough sleep at night
不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.
医生建议他去南方.
(4). 宾补 Complement
The doctor advised him to go to the south.
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: watch let 五看 see 三使 make look at have notice listen to 二听 observe hear 一感觉: feel
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有: fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, + to do refuse, offer, learn, agree,etc.
巩固练习2
4.我希望很快收到你的信。 5.我决定不留下来。
I hope to hear from you soon.
(6) 状语 Adverbial
I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.
participle的用法
participle的用法一、基本概念和用途分词(Participle)是英语中常用的一种动词形式,它可以作为定语、状语和补语等。
在句子中,分词通常由动词的-ing或-ed形式构成,被视为动词的一种时态。
利用分词的灵活性和多功能性,可以使句子更加简洁明了,并增强描述的具体性和生动性。
二、作为定语的用法1. -ing形式作定语:-ing形式的分词常用来修饰名词,表达该名词起到主动或被动的作用。
例如:- I saw a girl dancing on the stage.(我看到一个在舞台上跳舞的女孩。
)- He couldn't find his missing car keys.(他找不到丢失的车钥匙。
)2. -ed形式作定语:-ed 形式的分词通常表示对其所修饰名词感到某种情绪或状态。
例如:- The excited children played happily in the park.(激动的孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。
)- She read a book written by a famous author.(她读了一本著名作者写的书。
)三、作为状语的用法1. 表示时间:分词可用于表示一个行为发生或已经完成的时间。
例如:- I watched the movie, eating popcorn.(我一边吃爆米花一边看电影。
)- He cried, feeling sad about the news.(他哭了,对这个消息感到悲伤。
)2. 表示原因:分词可以表达行为发生的原因或理由。
例如:- She got a promotion, working hard for years.(她得到晋升是因为多年努力工作。
)- He couldn't concentrate on his homework, being tired from the long journey.(长途旅行后疲倦让他无法集中注意力做作业。
participle分词
• 二、作定语 • 分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修 饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰 的中心词后面。 • That must have been a terrifying experience. • After a night spent in excitement and sleepless ness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
• 四、作宾语补足语 • 分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词 或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。 • I see him passing my house every day. • I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.
• 8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child _____ such a book. • A. read B. to read • C. reading D. be reading • 9. He returned from abroad _____ that his mother had been badly ill. • A. heard B. having been heard • C. having phoned D. having been phoned
分词独立主格
• 分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词 的主语保持一致,否则分词必须有自己的主 语,这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立 主格,其形式有: • 1. 名词+分词短语 • He sat in front of them , his dusty face masking his age. • All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.
五种基本句型(谓语动词的种类大全)
五种基本句型(谓语动词的种类大全)1. S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓)Time flies.1) S + V + Adverbial(副词:做状语)Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive(不定式)We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle(分词)I'll go swimming.1) S + V + Adverbial Clause(状语从句)The boy will cry when his mother refuses him.I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like her.Dad bought a car.2) S + VT + Infinitive(不定式)I want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI don't know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
英语中的分词
英语中的分词在英语中,分词(Participles)是一种动词的非限定形式,通常以-ing(现在分词)或-ed、-en、-t、-n(过去分词)结尾。
分词可以用作形容词,也可以用在一些复杂的动词时态中。
以下是关于分词的主要用法:●现在分词(Present Participle):1.以-ing结尾,如"playing," "reading," "walking"。
2.作为形容词使用,描述正在进行的动作或事物的特征。
例句:The playing children seemed happy.翻译:玩耍的孩子们似乎很开心。
3.用于进行时态(Present Continuous Tense)。
例句:She is reading a book.翻译:她正在读一本书。
●过去分词(Past Participle):1.过去分词的形式有多种,通常以-ed结尾,如"played," "talked";也可以是不规则的形式,如"broken," "written"。
2.作为形容词使用,描述已完成的动作或事物的状态。
例句:The broken window needs to be fixed.翻译:需要修理的破窗户。
3.用于完成时态(Present Perfect Tense, Past Perfect Tense)。
例句:They have eaten lunch already.翻译:他们已经吃过午餐了。
4.用于被动语态。
例句:The letter was written by Tom.翻译:这封信是汤姆写的。
分词在英语中也有其他一些用法,如独立分词、分词短语等。
分词的灵活运用可以使语言更富有表现力和变化。
Participles
Participles
I.Functions 1.I am excited to hear that good news. Predicative(表语) 2.The student speaking is our monitor. Attribute(定语) 3.Entering the room, I found my wallet. Adverbial(状语)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
5.I You will find Wales included as well.
6.I caught him stealing in the shop.
7. She seems very disappointed.
8. Paid more attention to, the case will not happen.
a book which is written by Jack
4.Participles used as adverbial
分词作状语可以转换成相应的状语从句
Being poor, I hadn’t enough money to buy a TV set. Given better care, the plant will grow better. Entering the room, I found him eating. As I was poor, I hadn’t enough money to buy a TV set. If it is given better care, the plant will grow better. When I entered the room, I found him eating.
●see + 宾语o + doing\done\do 常见动词:see look at watch notice observe hear listen to feel
现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法
现在分词和过去分词的用法一、现在分词(一)现在分词的定义:现在分词(Present Participle )(又称-ing 形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing 形式组成。
具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。
(二)现在分词的功能与用法:1. 作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。
与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。
一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
e.g. a running boy à a boy w ho is running who is runningthe girl s tanding there standing there à a girl w ho is standing there who is standing there例如:The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at 2)使役动词:have get catch leave set注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to 的不定式作宾补)。
高考英语语法复习课分词作宾语补足语课件(共26张PPT)
see, watch, hear, Present participle
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
feel,
smell,
find,
notice,
present participle
catch, look at, listen to At last, I succeeded in making myself
1、表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如: Before the activity came to an end, I was interviewed by BTV, which meant I could make our message heard by a much larger crowd of people.
get down to sth.
表示动作的进行,非全过程 位于宾语后,对宾语做出说明,通常由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词或过去分词来充当。
使用被动语态时,原来作宾语补足语的过去分词变为主语的补语
Before the activity came to an end, I was interviewed by BTV, which meant I could make our message heard by a much larger crowd of people.
past participle(过去分词) verb-ed form
/doing sth.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
The teacher caught Mark
(talk) in class.
五种基本句型(谓语动词的种类大全)
五种基本句型(谓语动词的种类大全)1. S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓)Time flies.1) S + V + Adverbial(副词:做状语)Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive(不定式)We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle(分词)I'll go swimming.1) S + V + Adverbial Clause(状语从句)The boy will cry when his mother refuses him.I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like her.Dad bought a car.2) S + VT + Infinitive(不定式)I want to help him.常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI don't know what to do.常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
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在更多情况下,可以用分词短语作定语, ② 在更多情况下,可以用分词短语作定语,这时分词 短语应放在被修饰的名词之后 短语应放在被修饰的名词之后,在意义上也相当于一 个定语从句, 个定语从句,如: Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? They built a highway leading (= which leads) into the mountains. They are problems left (= which have been left) over by history. Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?
作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况: ③ 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况: a. 表示正在进行的动作 (变为从句时要用进行时态 如: 表示正在进行的动作, 变为从句时要用进行时态 变为从句时要用进行时态), Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise. Did you see the man talking (who was talking) to the manager manager? b. 表示经常性的动作 或现在 (或当时 的状态 (变为从句时 用 表示经常性的动作, 或当时) 变为从句时, 或当时 的状态, 变为从句时 一般时态), 如: 一般时态 They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.
二、 Function
1.作定语 2.作表语 3.作状语 4.作宾语补足语 5. 现在分词的完成 形式和被动形式 6. 独立结构
Used as Attribute
• ① 单独作定语,应放在被修饰的名词之前,如: 单独作定语,应放在被修饰的名词之前 • touching story / leading cadres / coming week / • skilled worker / boiled water / steamed bread • Barking dogs seldom bite. • Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall. • 注:分词作定语时,意义上接近于一个定语从句,如: 分词作定语时,意义上接近于一个定语从句, • developing countries = countries that are developing • a growing city = a city that is growing • liberated areas = areas that have been liberated
2. 作表语 。 现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性; 过去分词 作表语。现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性; 多表示主语所处的状态, 多表示主语所处的状态,如: The news was exciting. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed. He appeared satisfied with my answer. 注①:已经成为形容词的分词,可以用 very 修饰;没有完全成为 已经成为形容词的分词, 修饰; 形容词的分词宜用 much 或 quite,有时也可用 ,有时也可用very much,如: , I’m very much pleased. He’s very much worried about his health.
注②:过去分词作表语时,应注意与被动结构的区别。 过去分词作表语时,应注意与被动结构的区别。 系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调 系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调 说明主语的状态或具有的性质 谓语动作,指主语所承受的动作。此外还有: 谓语动作,指主语所承受的动作。此外还有: 系表结构: 常用一般现在或一般过去时态; 一般不带状语; 系表结构:a. 常用一般现在或一般过去时态;b. 一般不带状语; c. 可以有不及物动词的过去分词。 可以有不及物动词的过去分词。 被动结构: 有多种时态,常与主动语态的时态一致; 被动结构:a. 有多种时态,常与主动语态的时态一致;b. 可以带时 间、方式或 by 短语作状语;c. 必须是及物动词。 短语作状语; 必须是及物动词。 The small village is surrounded by trees. (状态 状态) 状态 The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers. (动作 动作) 动作 I’m interested in chess. I was interested by what you told me. The sun is risen. This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921.
Present Participle and Past Participle
现在分词与过去分词
一、Form
△ 现在分词 现在分词(v+ing) 主动形式
一般式 完成式 doing having done
被动形式
being done having been done
△ 过去分词只有一种形式 过去分词只有一种形式(v+ed)
• ② 现在分词作状语,表示行为方式或手段(这 现在分词作状语,表示行为方式或手段( 类状语可以放在句首,也可以放在句末,有时 类状语可以放在句首,也可以放在句末, 还可以放在句中。其他参考上述a-c),如: 还可以放在句中。其他参考上述 ),如 ), • Following the guide they started to climb. guide, • Working this way they greatly reduced the way, cost. • Travelling by jeep we visited a number of jeep, cities.
3.作状语: 作状语: ① 现在分词作状语,表示伴随的动作或情况,如: 现在分词作状语,表示伴随的动作或情况 伴随的动作或情况, The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking ly. merrily They stood there for an hour watching the game game. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper newspaper. 注意: 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作; 注意:a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作; b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作(或状态)是同时发生 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作(或状态) 的; c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作,对谓语表示的动作或状态 分词表示的是比较次要的动作, 加以说明; 加以说明; d. 大部分放在谓语之后; 大部分放在谓语之后; e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
注①:如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生,或是与谓语所表示的动作 如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生, 同时发生,可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示, 现在分词的被动形式来表示 同时发生,可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示,如: The meeting being held is very important. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. here 注②:如果所表示的是一个未来的动作,可以用一个不定式的被动 如果所表示的是一个未来的动作,可以用一个不定式的被动 形式来表示, 形式来表示,如: 来表示 The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting meeting.
• ⑤ 分词还可以作非限制性定语(相当于一个非限制性 分词还可以作非限制性定语( 定语从句),这时,它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开, ),这时 定语从句),这时,它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开, 试比较: 试比较: • All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. • All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. • All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister. • All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister.
• ④ 过去分词作定语时,过去分词所表示的动作 过去分词作定语时, 可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,也可以是 没有一定的时间性, 没有一定的时间性,如: • Is this the book recommended by our teacher teacher? • The meeting held last week is very important. • He is a man loved by all all. • I hate to see letters written in pencil pencil.