考研英语复习：阅读中长难句三种句型详解
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文r
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved ; the limbic system (the 〃emotional brain " ) is especially active , while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning ) is relatively quiet. 〃 We wake up from dreams happy and depressed , and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.结构：•But not all parts of the brain ［主］are equally involved ［谓(被)］;the limbic system ( the 〃 emotional brain ")［主［is ［系］especially active ［表］,•while the prefrontal cortex ( the center of intellect andreasoning )［主［is ［系］relatively quiet ［表］.•〃 We ［主］wake up ［谓］from dreams happy and depressed ［状］,and those feelings ［主］can stay with ［谓］us all day［宾］.〃says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. WilliamDementThose suffering from persistent nightmares ［谓］should seek ［谓］help from a therapist ［谓］.•For the rest of us z the brain ［谓］has ［谓］its ways of working through bad feelings .•Sleep寸亩入语：or rather dream•on it and you' II feel better in the morning词组：At the end最后最终Pay attention to 关注Keep from组织抑制Wake up醒来唤醒Suffer from忍受遭受受.之苦The rest of剩余的其余的Work through解决完成Sleep on继续睡忽略解析:unless引导条件状语从句两个破折号之间是插入语天结束之后，我们可能完全没有理由去关注我们梦，除非它让我们失眠，或直译:者"让我们从痛苦中醒来"C说。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文d
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. Indeed , the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber ( without an actual monkey to eat it ) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin .结构：•Indeed , the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber [主] ( without an actual monkey to eat it ) was [系] enough [表] to induce resentment in a female capuchin [状]单词：Induce vt.引起引诱劝说Deduce vt.推断Reduce vt.减少Resentment n.不满词组：Enough to 足以足够做直译：事实上，仅仅在其他房间出现了葡萄（并没有被猴子真正吃掉），就足够引起雌性卷尾猴的不满译文：的确，仅仅一颗葡萄出现在另一间小室（不管有没有猴子吃它）就足以引发雌性卷尾猴的怨气2. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys ,like humans , are guided by social emotions . In the wild , they are a co-operative , group-living species .结构：•The researchers [主] suggest [谓]•宾语从句：that capuchin monkeys [主]•插入语：,like humans ,•are guided [谓（被）] by social emotions [宾] .•In the wild , they [主] are [系] a co-operative , group-living species [表]解析：•That引导宾语从句，做suggest的宾语•宾语从句中有一个插入语，截断了主语和谓语直译：研究人员认为卷尾猴和人一样，被社交情绪引导。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译p
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure , which today is an electonic infrastructure , the better off you’re going to be .结构：•The more foreign capital [主语] you have [定语] helping you build [谓语] your Third Wave infrastructure [宾语] ,•非限制性定语从句：which today [主语] is [谓语] an electronic infrastructure [宾语] ,•the better off you’re going to be [主+谓].单词：electronic a.电子的ad.电子地n.电子电路电子器件词组：the more...the more 越...越...better off a.更好的富裕的Be going to 将要打算直译：你拥有越多的外国资金来帮助你建设第三次基础设施建设浪潮，也就是今天得电子基础设施，你将变得更加富裕。
解析：•You have作定语修饰capital•Which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰infrastructure译文：你拥有的帮助你建设第三次基础设施建设浪潮的外国资金越多，也就是今天得电子基础设施，你就会越富裕重点：•the more...the more 越...越...•better off a.更好的富裕的2. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled , or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled .结构：•That [主] doesn’t mean [谓] lying down and becoming fooled , or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled [宾].单词：corporation n.企业公司法人社团Run vt.经营管理运转词组：Lie down 躺下卑躬屈膝Mean doing sth 意味着做....直译：这并不意味着好吃懒做和变得愚蠢活着让外国企业的经营不受控制。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文p
•The most obvious example［主］is［系］late-stage cancer care［表］.
•Physicians［宾］插入语：frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and
fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer［谓］aggressive treatment far beyond［宾］
•宾语从句:what住］is scientifically justified［谓］单词:
Cancer n.癌症Scientifically ad.科学地
词组：
Late-stage a.晚期的解析：
•两个破折号之间是插入语，截断了主语和谓语what引导宾语从句，做介词beyond的宾语
直译：最明显的例子就是晚期癌症的治疗。医生——由于对治疗疾病无 能为力而沮丧，以及害怕病人失去希望——经常提供大胆的，和远远超 过科学合理的治疗方法译文：最明显的例子便是晚期癌症的护理。医生——由于不能治愈这种 疾病而感到沮丧，同时又担心病人失去希望——经常采用大胆的医疗方 法，这些方法远不符合科学标准
重点：
•that引导定语从句，修饰everythingEven if引导让步状语从句
2.The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care . Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified .
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文q
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文1. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers . And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics , there are already robot systems that can perform some kind of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy ——far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone .结构：•Our subway trains [主] are controlled [谓（被动）] by tireless robot-drivers .•条件状语：And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics ,•There be句型：there are already robot systems•定语从句：that [主] can perform [谓] some kind of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy [宾] ——far greater precision than highly skilled physicians [主] can achieve [谓] with their hands alone [宾]单词：Tireless a.不知疲劳的Miniaturization n.小型化微型化Perform vt.执行演出vi.表现Submillimeter n.亚毫米Accuracy a.精确的Precision n.准确性词组：Thanks to 由于Some kind of 某种某些解析：•Thank to引导条件状语•There be 句型表示有...•that引导定语从句修饰robot systems,句子中做主语•单个破折号表示解释说明，这里补充说明submillimeter accuracy直译：我们的地铁由不知疲倦的机器人司机控制。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译y
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. The mergers of telecom companies , such as WorldCom , hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress .结构：•The mergers of telecom companies [主] , such as WorldCom [插入语] , hardly seem to bring [谓] higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress [宾]单词：Hardly n.几乎不简直不刚刚Reduction n.减少消减缩减pace n.节奏速度Peace n.和平Progress n.进步进展vt.使...发展Process n.过程进程vt.加工处理词组：Such as 例如Seem to 似乎好像直译：通信公司的合并，比如世界通信公司，似乎并没有给消费者带来高额的费用或者是科技进程的减缓译文：像世界通信公司这样的电信公司的合并，似乎没有给消费者带来更高的费用，或者减缓技术的进步速度重点：•Seem to 似乎好像2. On the contrary , the price of communications is coming down fast . In cars , too , concentration is increasing——witness Daimler and Chrysler , Renault and Nissan —— but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt .结构：•On the contrary , the price of communications [主] is coming down fast [谓].•In cars , too , concentration [主] is increasing [谓]——witness Daimler and Chrysler , Renault and Nissan [插入语] —— but it [形式主语] does not appear [谓]•真正主语：that consumers [主] are being hurt [谓（被动）]单词：witness n.目击者证人证据vt.为...作证证明词组：On the contrary 相反地直译：相反地，通讯的价格正在快速下降。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译q
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In many such cases , a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing , promoting , or developing whatever it is before everyone else paid attention .结构：•In many such cases [状] ,• a cursory search for causes [主] finds [谓]•宾语从句：that some small group of people[主] was wearing , promoting , or developing [谓（过去进行时）]•宾语从句：whatever it [主] is[谓]•时间状语从句：before everyone else [主] paid attention [谓]单词：Cursory a.草率的粗略的匆忙的词组：Search for 寻找搜索Pay attention to 关注解析：•宾语从句中包含了一个宾语从句，第二个宾语从中又包含了一个时间状语从句•that引导宾语从句，做finds的宾语•Whatever引导宾语从句做was wearing,promoting,ordeveloping的宾语•Before引导时间状语从句直译：在很多这样的例子中，一个对原因的粗略探索发现，无论是什么，人们中的一些小群体都曾穿，推销，发展过它们，在其他人关注之前译文：在许多诸如此类的案例中，如果只是粗略地寻找原因，你会发现总是有一小群人开风气之先，率先穿上、宣传和开发此前从未留意的东西重点：•宾语从句中包含了一个宾语从句，第二个宾语从中又包含了一个时间状语从句•that引导宾语从句，做finds的宾语•Whatever引导宾语从句做was wearing,promoting,ordeveloping的宾语•Before引导时间状语从句2. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends .结构：•Anecdotal evidence of this kind [主] fits nicely with[谓] the idea [宾]•同位语从句：that only certain special people [主] can drive [谓] trends [宾]单词：anecdotal a.轶闻的fit vt.合身合适使升任词组：Fit with 符合适合解析：•that引导同位语从句修饰idea，在句子中不做成分直译：这种轶闻的证据和那个理论相符合，这个理论是只有某些特殊的人才能引领潮流译文：这种事实证据正好与”只有某些特殊人物次啊能引领潮流“这一观点吻合重点：•Fit with 符合适合•that引导同位语从句修饰idea，在句子中不做成分3. In their recent work , however , some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed . In fact , they don’t seem to be required at all .结构：•In their recent work , [状]•插入语：however ,•some researchers [主] have come up with [谓] the finding [宾]•同位语从句：that influentials [主] have [谓] far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed [表] .•In fact , they [主] don’t seem to [系] be required at all [表]单词：Generally a.总体大体普遍词组：Come up with 提出想出赶上Seem to 似乎好像Not at all 一点也不解析：•that引导同位语从句补充说明finding• A than B, 翻译为和B相比A怎样直译：然而，在最近的研究中，一些研究人员提出一个发现，即，和我们通常认为的相比，有影响力的人对社会潮流的影响其实很小。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译f
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile , you must to know how to identify shared experiences and problems .结构：•条件状语从句：If you [主] intend [谓] using humor in your talk to make people smile [宾] ,•you [主] must [谓] to know how to identify shared experiences and problems [宾]单词：identify vt.确认识别Share n.股份股票v.共有共用共享vt.赞同解析：•if引导条件状语从句直译：如果你想要在你的谈话中用幽默使人发笑，那么你必须知道怎样去确定你们共有的经历和问题译文：如果你想在谈话中用幽默使人发笑的话，你就必须知道如何识别出你与听众之间的共同经历和问题重点：•Share n.股份股票v.共有共用共享vt.赞同•if引导条件状语从句2. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view .结构：•Your humor [主] must be relevant to [谓] the audience and should help [谓] to show them•宾语从句：that you [主] are [系] one of them [表] or•宾语从句：that you [主] understand [谓] their situation [宾] and are [系] in sympathy with their point of view [表] .单词：Sympathy n.同情词组：Be relevant to 与...相关One of ... 之一In sympathy with 支持赞成Point of view 观点看法角度解析：•Must 和should并列共同使用主语your humor•that引导宾语从句，两个that宾语从句并列，共同做show的宾语，show sb sth•第二个that宾语从句中，and连接两个并列句，understand 和are共同使用主语You直译：你的幽默必须和听众相关，而且能够帮助你向他们表明你是他们中的一个，或者表明你理解他们的处境，并赞成他们的观点译文：你的幽默一定要和听众有关，应该有助于表明你是他们中的一员，或者你了解他们的处境并赞同他们的观点重点：•Be relevant to 与...相关•One of ... 之一•In sympathy with 支持赞成•Point of view 观点看法角度•Must 和should并列共同使用主语your humor•that引导宾语从句，两个that宾语从句并列，共同做show的宾语，show sb sth•第二个that宾语从句中，and连接两个并列句，understand 和are共同使用主语You3. Depending on whom you are addressing , the problem will be different . If you are talking to a group of managers , you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries ; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries , you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses .结构：•Depending on•宾语从句：whom you [主] are addressing [谓] ,•the problem [主] will be [系] different [表] .•条件状语从句：If you [主] are talking [谓] to a group of managers [宾],•you [主] may refer to [谓] the disorganized methods of their secretaries [宾] ;•条件状语从句：alternatively if you [主] are addressing [谓] secretaries [宾] ,•you [主] may want to [谓] comment on their disorganized bosses [宾]单词：address n.地址网址演讲vt.写地址作演讲向...讲话Disorganize vt.使...混乱扰乱瓦解Alternative a.替代的另类的另外的Alert v.向...发出警告a.警觉的充分意识到词组：Depend on 依赖依靠取决于Refer to 涉及谈到参考适用于Comment on 对...评论解析：•Whom引导宾语从句，做depending on的宾语•分号连接两个if并列句•两个if引导条件状语从句直译：依据你是和谁谈话，这个问题是不同的。
考研英语长难句有哪些常见形式
考研英语长难句有哪些常见形式考研英语长难句有哪些常见形式考研英语长难句有常见的三种类型，我们需要去把握住重点。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语长难句3种常见形式指南，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语长难句3种常见形式的分析一约定俗成的表达这类句子就是我们所说的谚语，在英语中有很多这样的句子，例如：Faith will move mountains.(精诚所至金石为开)No pains, no gains.(一份耕耘，一分收获)Like father,like son.(虎父无犬女)考试中有很多这样的表达，对于这一类难句，同学注意在平时的积累。
二虚假长难句As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.第一眼看到这句话很长，但仔细看会发现里边有很多大写的专有名词，分别为书名，人名，地名，学校的名字等，这些在我们的英语试卷中常常出现，但并不重要，因为都是对于人物身份地位的介绍，我们只要弄清人物的观点态度就足够了。
三真正的长难句这类句子才是我们考试中真正的敌人，例如2017年考研英语(一)翻译:His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdomdo not need additional languages capabilities.我们都知道一个句子里有且只能有一个谓语动词，如果有多个谓语动词，一定有与之相连的从属连词，我们看这个句子里边的动词有“should end” “may believe” “is” “do not need”, 从属连词有“who” “that” “that”, 从属连词与其后面最近的谓语动词构成从句结构，所以who 与may believe, that 与is, that 与do not need, 构成从句结构，而should end 前没有从属连词，所以是句子真正的谓语动词，among后是整个句子的介词结构，所以句子的主干为His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译r
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In those far-off days , it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered . 结构：•In those far-off days [状] ,•it [形主] was taken [谓] for granted•真正主语：that the critics of major papers [主] would write [谓] in detail and at length about the events [状]•定语从句：they [主] covered [谓]单词：Far-off a.遥远的Critic n.评论家批评家挑剔的人词组：Take it for granted that... 理所当然的认为直译：在那些遥远的日子，这是被认为理所当然的，主流报纸的评论家应该写的更详细和更长，关于他们报道的那个事件解析：•Take it for granted that... 句型中it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句•It was taken for granted that... 是take it for granted that 的被动形式，其中it是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语•They covered是定语从句修饰events,省略了引导词that译文：在那个遥远的年代，主流报纸的评论家详细充分地描述所报道的事件，这视为是理所当然的重点：•Take it for granted that... 句型中it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句•It was taken for granted that... 是take it for granted that 的被动形式，其中it是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语•They covered是定语从句修饰events,省略了引导词that2. Their was a serious business , and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly , like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman , could be trusted to know what they were about .结构：•Their [主] was [系] a serious business [表] ,•and even those reviewers [主]•定语从句：who [主] wore [谓] their learning lightly [宾] ,•插入语：like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman ,•could be trusted [谓(被动）] to know•宾语从句：what they [主] were [系] about直译：他们是一个严肃的行业，甚至那么评论家，用轻松的方式写他们的作品的评论家，像乔治萧伯纳和欧内斯特纽曼，也能够被信任知道他们自己是做什么的解析：•主句中的主语（reviewers)和谓语(could be trusted)之间，有一个定语从句和插入语•Who引导定语从句修饰reviewers，在句子中做主语•两个逗号之间的like句子是插入语•What引导宾语从句做know的宾语译文：这些评论家所从事的是严肃的事业，人们相信即使是那些写作风格轻松活泼的作家啊，像乔治萧伯纳和欧内斯特纽曼，也都清楚自己在做什么重点：•主句中的主语（reviewers)和谓语(could be trusted)之间，有一个定语从句和插入语•Who引导定语从句修饰reviewers，在句子中做主语•两个逗号之间的like句子是插入语•What引导宾语从句做know的宾语3. These men believed in journalism as a calling , and were proud to be published in the daily press .结构：•These men [主] believed in [谓] journalism as a calling [宾] , and were proud [谓] to be published in the daily press [宾]单词：journalism n.新闻业新闻工作Press vt.压按n.报纸Calling n.职业使命直译：这些评论家把新闻工作看作一种使命，并以在日报上发表文章为傲解析：•and连接两个并列句，共同使用主语these men译文：这些评论家把新闻业看作一种职业，而且以在时报上发表评论而自豪重点：•and连接两个并列句，共同使用主语these men4. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism ，”Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”结构：•So few authors [主] have [谓] brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism [宾] ，”Newman wrote, “that I [主] am tempted to [谓] define ‘journalism’as ‘a term of contempt applied [宾] by writers who are not read [定] to writers who are [定]’单词：Literary a.文学的书面的Tempt v.企图试图contempt v.蔑视词组：Define...as 把...定义为...Tempt to 试图So...that... 太...所以...直译：纽曼写道，太少的作者有足够的聪明才智或者文学天赋去保持他们自己在新闻工作中一直持续下去，所以我试图把新闻工作定义为一种作者使用的术语，没有被读的作者对被读的作者的蔑视解析：•Read的过去式和过去分词和原型相同•Who引导定语从句修饰writers•第二个定语从句中省略了read•Read是过去分词，和are组成被动语态译文：纽曼写道，拥有足够深刻的思想或者文学天赋坚持写作的作家如此之少，以至于我忍不住把新闻业定义为不受欢迎的作家对那些受欢迎的作家的蔑视之辞重点：•Read的过去式和过去分词和原型相同•Who引导定语从句修饰writers•第二个定语从句中省略了read•Read是过去分词，和are组成被动语态5. Unfortunately , these critics are virtually forgotten . Neville Cardus , who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975 , is now known solely as a writer of essay on the game of cricket. 结构：•Unfortunately , these critics [主] are virtually forgotten [谓（被动）] .•Neville Cardus [主] ,•非限制性定语从句：who [主] wrote [谓] for the Manchester Guardian [宾] from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975 [状] ,•is now known solely as [谓（被动）] a writer of essay on the game of cricket [宾]单词：virtually ad.事实上实际上几乎Essay n.短文Cricket n.板球词组：Be known as 以...著称以...熟知直译：不幸的是，这些评论家几乎被遗忘了。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文u
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively ; and 26 of George Bush' s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16in the second half.结构：•Thus the American president and vice-president ［主］have ［谓］surnames ［宾］starting with B and C respectively ［定］;and 26 of George Bush7 s predecessors (including his father) ［主］had ［t胃］surnames ［宾］in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in thesecond half ［定］单词：Respectively ad 分别地Predecessor n.前任1.This , for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage , refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet .结构：•This ［i］插入语：,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage , •refers to 胃］discrimination against those ［宾］定语从句：whose surnames ［主］begin with ［谓］a letter in the lowerhalf of the alphabet ［宾］单词：Surname n.姓氏词组：As yet到目前为止Begin with以…开始解析：•两个逗号之间是插入语，截断了主语和谓语whose引导定语从句，修饰those,表示宾格直译：按字母表排序，一些人到目前为止还没有意识到不利，涉及对那些姓氏以字母表后半部分字母开头的人的歧视译文：对于那些还没有意识到这种不利条件的人来说，这指的是歧视那些以字母表中靠后的字母为姓氏的人重点：•As yet到目前为止Begin with以…开始•两个逗号之间是插入语，截断了主语和谓语whose引导定语从句，修饰those,表示宾格2.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories .结构：•It has long been known宾语从句：that a taxi firm called AAAA cars ［主］has ［谓］a bigadvantage over Zodiac cars ［宾］时间状语从句:when customers ［主］thumb through ［谓］theirphone directories ［宾］单词：Thumb n.大拇指Directory n目录…簿词组:It has long been known that...人们早就知道了Thumb through翻阅浏览解析：•That引导宾语从句做known的宾语宾语从句中有一个时间状语从句，由When引导直译：人们早就知道了，当顾客浏览他们的电话簿时，叫"AAAA汽车” 的出租车公司比叫〃Z汽车〃的公司有很大优势译文：人们早就知道，当乘客翻电话本叫出租车时，一家名为“A汽车" 的出租车公司就比一家名为"Z汽车”的公司所具有的优势大重点：•It has long been known that...人们早就知道了Thumb through 翻阅浏览•That引导宾语从句做known的宾语宾语从句中有一个时间状语从句，由When引导3.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman . English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet .结构:•Less well known ［主］is ［系］the advantage ［表］同位语从句：that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman .•English names ［主］are ［系］fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet ［表］单词：Evenly ad.均匀地平衡地平等地词组：Less well known很少有人知道直译：很少有人知道这个在生活中姓氏为A 的比Z有优势。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译s
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译More and more governments , afraid their countries will be left behind f want to spread Internet access.结构：• More and more governments ［主语］,・ Afraid ［谓语］their countries will be left behind ［宾语从句］, want to spread ［谓语］Internet access ［宾语］.单词：spread vt.传播伸展展开a.伸展的Widespread a.广泛的普遍的Access v.接近使用访问n.通道机会入口进入使用权词组：More and more 越来越...直译：越来越多的政府，担心自己的国家会落伍，从而想要发展互联网使用There are reasons to be optimistic = Reasons to be optimisticare are there译文：然而，新的和积极的用来对抗数字鸿沟的力量，过去不明显的。
现在，我们有理由感到乐观There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.结构：There be 句型：There are technological reasons to hope宾语从句：the digital divide will narrow解析：•There be句型中，包含了一个宾语从句•hope后面是宾语从句，省略了引导词that译文：我们有技术理由去期望数字鸿沟将会缩小4.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized , it is in the interest of business to univesalize accessafter all , the more people online , themore potential customers there are.结构:As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized ［方式状语］,it ［形式主语］is ［谓语］in the interest of business ［宾语］to univesalize access ［真正的主语］after all, the more people online , the more potential customers there are .单词：commercialize vt.使商业化使商品化universalize vt,使普遍化Access n.进入手段接触的机会词组：In the interest of为了…的利益符合…的利益The more...the more 越…越…More and more越来越…After all 毕竟直译：随着互联网变得越来越商业化，普遍的接触是符合商业的利益, 毕竟，越多的人上网，就有越多的潜在消费者解析:•It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的t。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文j
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service , for example , it includes only three potential jobs ——those it considers the best matches .结构：•When CareerSite’s agent [主] sends out [谓] messages to those [宾]•定语从句：who [主] have signed up [谓] for its service [宾] •插入语：, for example ,•it [主] includes [谓] only three potential jobs [宾] ——those it [主] considers [谓] the best matches [宾]单词：Include vt.提到列举包括Conclude vt.推断决定结束Send out 发送Sign up 注册签约解析：•who引导定语从句，修饰those,句子中做主语直译：例如，当求职网站的“代理”给那些签约了服务的人发送消息，它只列举它认为最符合的三个工作职位译文：比如，当当求职网站的“代理”给那些注册用户发送信息时，只提到3个可能的工作——“代理”认为最匹配的工作重点：•who引导定语从句，修饰those,句子中做主语2. There may be more matcher in the database ; job hunter will have to visit the site again to find them ——and they do .结构：•There [主] may be [系] more matcher in the database ; [表] •job hunter [主] will have to [谓] visit the site again to find them ——and they do [宾]May be 可能Have to 不得不应该直译：在资料库里可能有更多匹配的工作；所以求职者将不得不再次访问网站去找到这些职位——他们也确实这样做的译文：而资料库中可能有更多匹配的工作；求职者只得再次访问网站以便找到它们——他们也这样做了3. “On the day after we send our messages , we see a sharp increase in our traffic , ”says Seth Peets , vice president of marketing for CareerSite . 结构：•“On the day after we send our messages ,•we see a sharp increase in our traffic , ”•says Seth Peets , vice president of marketing for CareerSite 单词：sharp a. 急剧的锋利的强力的vice a.副的代理的n.不良习惯犯罪活动Marketing n.市场营销市场推广促销直译：“在我们发送信息的第二天，我们看到网站访问量的急剧上升”求职网站市场营销部的副总SP说道译文：“在我们发送信息的第二天，我们网站的访问量急剧上升”求职网站市场营销部门的副主任塞斯皮茨说重点：•sharp a. 急剧的锋利的强力的•vice a.副的代理的n.不良习惯犯罪活动•Marketing n.市场营销市场推广促销4. Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile . Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise .结构：•Even those [主1]•定语从句：who [主2] aren’t hunting for [谓2] jobs [宾2] •may find [谓1] search agents worthwhile [宾1] .•Some [主] use [谓] them [宾] to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves [目的状语] when negotiating for a raise [时间状语]单词：Worthwhile 值得的Gather vt.收集Compensation n.补偿金报酬Negotiate vt.协商谈判转让越过Raise vt.提高养育升起n.高地上升加薪词组：Hunt for 寻找Keep a close watch on 密切关注解析：•who引导定语从句，修饰those,句子中做主语，而且截断了主语和谓语直译：即使那些不找工作的人，也可以发现使用“搜索代理”的好处。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文e
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English . “By the third generation , the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families .”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard ”for languages .结构：•The children of immigrants [主] tend to [谓] be bilingual and proficient in English [宾] .•“By the third generation , the original language [主] is [系] lost in the majority of immigrant families [表] .”•Hence the description of America as a “graveyard ”for languages单词：Description n.描述描写Subscribe vi.订阅捐款认购Proficient a.熟练的精通的n.精通专家能手Bilingual a.会说两种语言的词组：Tend to 往往通常The majority of 大多数直译：移民的孩子通常会两种语言以及精通英语。
但是“到了第三代，大多数的移民家庭中的母语都遗失了”。
因此，美国被描述为语言的“墓地”译文：移民的子女几乎都具有双语能力，且精通英语。
“到了第三代，原来的语言在大多数移民家庭中都消失了”，因此，有人就把美国描述成语言的“墓地”重点：•Tend to 往往通常•The majority of 大多数2. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent , higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans .结构：•By 1996 foreign-born immigrants [主]•定语从句：who [主] had arrived [谓] before 1970•had [谓] a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent , higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans [宾]解析：•who引导定语从句，用来修饰immigrants ，句子中作主语直译：到1996年，在1970以前到达美国的国外出生的移民，拥有自己房屋的比率是75.6%，高于本土出生的美国人的房屋拥有率69.8%译文：到1996年为止，1970年之前到达美国，出生在国外的移民中，75.6%拥有自己的房产，高于本土美国人69.8%的比例重点：•who引导定语从句，用来修饰immigrants ，句子中作主语3. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks . ”By the third generation , one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics , and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians .结构：•Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics [主] “have [谓] higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks [宾] .•”By the third generation , one third of Hispanic women [主] are married [谓（被）] to non-Hispanics [宾] , and 41 percent of Asian-American women [主] are married [谓（被）] to non-Asians [宾]单词：Hispanic a.西班牙裔拉丁美裔直译：外国出生的亚裔和西班牙裔“比美国本土的白人和黑人的通婚率更高”。
考研英语长难句分析之特殊句式
考研英语长难句分析之特殊句式Revised final draft November 26, 2020第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析1．简单句、并列句、复合句从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句形容词性：定语从句副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。
但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。
1.省略句资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。
（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。
被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。
文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。
省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。
对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。
省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。
A：and 连接的并列句的省略材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文m
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. Just as on smoking , voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete , that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure . This is a dangerous game : by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in , it may be too late . 结构：•Just as on smoking ,•voices [主] now come from [谓] many quarters [宾] insisting •宾语从句：that the science about global warming [主] is [系] incomplete [表] ,•that it’s [形式主语] OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure .•This is a dangerous game : by the time 100 percent of the evidence [主] is [系] in [表] , it may be too late单词：Quarter n.季度地区四分之一incomplete a.没完成的不完全的fume n.烟气词组：Just as 正如就像Come from 来自Pour into 灌输灌入By the time 到...时候解析：•两个That引导宾语从句，做非谓语动词insisting的宾语直译：就像吸烟一样，来自很多地区的声音认为，关于全球变暖的科学依据是不确定的，认为知道我们确定之前，一直向空气中排放烟气是没问题的。
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考研英语复习：阅读中长难句三种句型详解做好考研英语阅读需要五方面能力：词义辨析能力、长难句分析能力、逻辑思维能力、篇章分析能力和题型分析能力。
如果你能够具备词义辨析能力、长难句分析能力的话，对后面的复习将会大有帮助。
在研究真题的过程中同学们应该经常背诵一些结构优美的句子，这对作文水平的提高会有很大帮助。
从近几年的考查趋势可以看出，考研英语越来越注重对考生英语基本能力的考查，而考研语法则是构成这种基本能力的一个基石。
考研阅读理解文章的特点是各种复杂的长难句型遍布在文章的各个角落，如果没有扎实的句型知识基础，就会给做题带来很大的困难。
所以，为了让你的阅读在日后有质的突破，为了能把做题的方法和技巧更好地应用到做题当中去，请你务必沉下心来，了解一下考研阅读中的长、难句真相。
明白了这一真相，你才不会在日后的做题中一筹莫展，而是万分从容。
在此，通过全方位把握考研阅读的文章内容，我们英语教研室杨凤芝老师把考研阅读中的句型，从宏观的角度分为以下三类：短而难的句子、虚假的长难句、真正的长难句。
接下来我们逐个分析。
◎短而难的句子首先我们看一下什么是短而难的句子。
这些句子一般都是约定俗成的谚语，是广大人民群众智慧的结晶。
既然是结晶，意思表达就会较抽象，难以快速把握，需要我们结合具体语境进行深层的把握。
同学们看这一句: it never rains, but pours.这是2007年第四篇阅读理解的第一句话，相当于文章的题眼，其字面意思很简单：“从来不下雨，但是下倾盆大雨。
”很明显，这不是一句“人类”能识别的汉语，倾盆大雨不是雨吗?那样翻译肯定不行。
其实这句话是英语中很有名的谚语：“不雨则已，一雨倾盆”，“不鸣则已，一鸣惊人”。
如果描述的是坏事，同学们可以借鉴第一种译法，类似于“祸不单行”的意思;如果是好事，同学们可以借鉴第二种，就是一鸣惊人。
同样的表达在考研英语的阅读文章及题目中经常出现，如1998年第一篇文章最后一题四个选项都是谚语：[A] "It's no use crying over spilt milk"(覆水难收);[B] "More haste, less speed"(欲速则不达);[C] "Look before you leap"(三思而后行);[D] "He who laughs last laughs best"(笑到最后的人笑得最好)。
2007年第一篇阅读理解最后一题的四个选项也都是谚语：[A]Faith will move mountains(精诚所至，金石为开);[B] One reap what he sows(种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆);[C]Practice make perfect(熟能生巧);[D]Like father, like son(有其父必有其子)。
无一例外的，这两道题都是以文章的主旨题形式出现的，由此可见谚语在考研中的重要性。
其实，这类表达考查的基本上就是同学们英语语言的积累，没有相应的积累，很难将它理解到位。
但是有的时候积累只是基础，还要会灵活运用。
我们看一下这句话“no pains, no gains”的意思，地球人都知道是不是?但是1998年的第二篇阅读的开头是这样使用的这句话：“No pains, no gains. What about pains without gains?”意思是：一分耕耘一分收获。
但是如果只有耕耘没有收获呢?暗示下文的美国商界的产业结构调整做的全部是无用功。
那么我们怎么应对这类难句呢?积累。
考研单词书上有很多这类句子，但是不少同学见到这类句子，总是绕着走，不去记。
其实这些东西比单词好记，记单词的时候顺便记一下就可以。
此外，这里需要告诫同学们一点：记忆日常表达中经常使用的谚语对写作也会有非常大的帮助，谚语会成为提升作文语言水平的亮点。
但是切忌在写作时胡编乱造。
我见一个学生在考研作文中写过一个这样的句子：As one old saying goes, one arrow, two birds.很明显这位同学是想表达“一石二鸟”之意，但是这句话有特定的表达，不能随意编造。
“Kill two birds with one stone.”才是正确的表达。
还有经常威胁人用的“give you a little color to see see.”这类胡编乱造、让阅卷老师先是迷惑而后震怒的表达，千万不要出现在你的试卷上，你那不是拿自己的命运开玩笑吗?即使阅卷老师不能记住每个谚语，以他们的英语修养也可以很快地判断出你这个表达符不符合英语表达习惯。
所以同学们一定要踏踏实实地复习，别想着投机取巧。
◎虚假长难句这类句型的特点是，插入成分较多，第一眼看上去绝对让你头晕眼花，不知所措。
但其实只要去掉那些虚伪的修饰，这个句子“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的神秘感就荡然无存，句子的结构也就立刻清晰了。
那这些虚伪的成分到底是什么呢?就让我们通过几个极具代表性的例子来看一下吧。
Although warnings are often appropriate and necessary——the dangers of drug interaction, for example——and many are required by state and government, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.一眼扫视之后，发现这个句子挺长的，而且有两个破折号。
两个破折号，或是两个逗号之间的内容往往是插入语的成分，这种成分的特点就是拎出来之后不影响句子的结构，并且在考研阅读文章中，这样的成分又往往不是文中的重点信息，所以应该直接跳过对其采取不予理睬的策略。
好，句子现在变成了：Although warnings are often appropriate and necessary and many are required by state and government, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.这样一看句子就变成了Although……，it isn’t clear that……，这样一个主语从句型结构。
这个句子在阅读的过程中，可以再次简化，因为Although 引导的让步状语从句在阅读中并不是重点信息，所以我们的目光就可以聚焦到it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.此句型结构是一个形式主语从句的结构，形容词clear对应的主语其实是that引导的内容，在这个从句中我们又发现了一个引导词if，这个if 引导的从句包含在that 从句当中。
接下来，我们再仔细看that从句中的内容是“they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured”在这个从句当中if 所引导的从句是一个条件状语从句。
通过这样分析，句子在层层简化之后就变得非常清晰了。
这类句子往往长而不难，原因在于，要么包含了although引导的一个长长的从句，要么就是诸如头衔、身份、或职位的专有名词较多，而这些信息在阅读解题时并不是重要的信息，所以我们一旦遇到这种情况就可以迅速绕过，直击核心信息。
◎真正的长难句虚假的长难句可以说是只长不难，句子的主干结构很容易抓住，虚伪信息容易剔除;而考研长难句中，还有一部分是从句嵌套严重所致结构更加复杂的句型，这种句子的理解难度就会空前地加大。
如果把那些虚假长难句比喻成武术中的容易被破解没什么杀伤力的“花把势”，那接下来讲的真正的长难句就是内外兼修的武林高手了。
我们来见识一下吧。
先来看一个例子：When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.这是2000年阅读理解第三篇的第一句话，总共46个单词，是典型的长难句。
但是核心信息就只是其中的12个单词，考点也是这12个单词。
那么我们该如何去锁定这个核心信息呢?首先把修饰成分(从句等)一一剥离，剩下的就是句子的主要信息。
先找连词，宏观上区分主干部分和修饰部分。
看到从属连词when一直到逗号之前只有一个谓语动词，可知逗号前就是一个从句，when状语从句，判定为修饰成分，暂时不看。
再往后，看到however，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不管(多么……)”。
也许有同学会问，我怎么就知道however 是引导从句，还是仅仅表示两个句子之间的转折呢?其实，很好区分。
如果however后面有逗号的话，就是单纯地表示前后句的转折，否定前半句话;如果没有逗号的话，尤其是后面跟的是形容词或副词时(如本句)，那么引导的就是让步状语从句，即这句话就不是主要信息了，在阅读理解中可以绕过。
到这里，这个句子就剩下：It is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。
那么，你会发现for后面跟的是一个完整的句子，句中有自己的谓语动词，也就是说，在这里for引导的是原因状语从句，也是修饰部分。
本句中从句嵌套严重，其中最难判断的从句就是for引导的原因状语从句，那么在以后的做题过程中，如何更好地把握呢?只要记住一条：for后面如果跟的是名词或名词性成分，那么它就是介词;如果后面跟的是有主谓的完整的句子，那么它就是引导从句，表原因。