解剖学词汇
解剖学中的科学术语
解剖学中的科学术语
1. 肌肉术语:
- 肌腱(Tendon):将肌肉连接到骨骼的纤维束
- 肌膜(Fascia):包裹和分隔肌肉组织的结缔组织层
- 肌腱鞘(Tendon Sheath):包裹肌腱的管状结构
2. 骨骼术语:
- 骨质(Osseous Tissue):构成骨骼的坚硬组织
- 骨膜(Periosteum):覆盖在骨骼表面的膜层
- 骨髓(Bone Marrow):位于骨骼内部的软组织
3. 神经系统术语:
- 神经元(Neuron):传递神经冲动的细胞
- 轴突(Axon):神经元的长突出部分
- 树突(Dendrite):神经元的分支状结构
4. 循环系统术语:
- 动脉(Artery):将血液从心脏输送到全身的血管
- 静脉(Vein):将血液从全身输送回心脏的血管
- 毛细血管(Capillary):连接动脉和静脉的微小血管
5. 呼吸系统术语:
- 气管(Trachea):将空气从鼻腔和口腔输送到肺部的管道 - 支气管(Bronchus):气管在肺部分支的管道
- 肺泡(Alveolus):肺部用于气体交换的小囊
这些术语是解剖学中常用的科学术语,帮助准确描述人体各个系统的结构和功能。
学习和理解这些术语对于医学生和相关专业人员来说非常重要。
解剖学名词解释(详细版)
1. 解剖学姿势----身体直立，面向前，两眼平视正前方，两足并立，足尖向前，上肢下垂于躯干两侧，掌心向前。
2. 内侧和外侧----是描写人体各局部或器官与人体正中矢状面相对距离大小而言的术语，距正中面近者为内侧，反之为外侧。
3. 骺线----成年后，长骨体与骺之间的骺软骨骨化后的遗迹。
4. 板障----颅骨顶内外板之间的骨松质，含有丰富的板障静脉。
5. 椎管----各锥孔贯通，构成容纳骨髓及其被膜等的管道。
6. 椎间孔----由相邻椎骨的椎上下切迹共同围成，其间有脊神经和血管通过。
7. 隆椎----第7颈椎，棘突较长，末端不分叉，体表易于触及，常作为计数椎骨序数的标志。
8. 胸骨角Sternal angle ----胸骨体与胸骨柄交界处向前微突的横嵴，两侧平对第2肋软骨，常作为计数肋的标志。
9. 肋弓---第8-10对肋前端借肋软骨与上位肋软骨连接而形成，是重要的体表标志。
10. 翼腭窝----为上颌骨体，蝶骨翼突与腭骨之间的窄间隙，深藏于颞下窝的内侧，内有神经，血管经过。
11. 颅囟----新生儿颅顶骨的骨缝间较大的未骨化的膜性部位，主要有前（额）囟和后（枕）囟。
12. 翼点Pterion ----为颅侧面额骨，顶骨，颞骨和蝶骨的H形交界处，此处骨质薄弱，内有脑膜中动脉前支经过。
13. 蝶筛隐窝Sphenoethmoidal recess ---上鼻甲后上方与蝶骨之体间的间隙，内有蝶窦的开口。
14. 鼻旁窦----是上颌骨，额骨和蝶骨以及筛骨内的骨腔，位于鼻腔周围并开口于鼻腔。
15. Luschka关节----即钩椎关节，第3-7颈椎体上面侧缘向上突起为椎体钩，椎体沟与上位椎体下面两侧的唇缘相连接而成。
如果过度增生肥大，可致椎间孔狭窄而压迫脊神经。
16. 腕骨沟----8块腕骨弧形排列而形成的掌面凹陷的浅沟，参与腕管的构成。
17. 桡神经沟----肱骨中部后面自内上斜向外下的浅沟，有桡神经和肱深血管经过。
常用解剖术语 解剖学术语 解剖手术术语
常用解剖术语总论[Introduction]•superior[上]•inferior[下]•Cranial[头侧]•Caudal[尾侧]•anterior[前]•posterior[后]•ventral[腹侧]•dorsal[背侧]•medial[内侧]•lateral[外侧]•internal[内]•external[外]•superficial[浅]•profundal[深]•proximal[近侧]•distal[远侧]•ulnar[尺侧]•radial[桡侧]•tibial[胫侧]•fibular[腓侧]2、运动系统[locomotor (kinetic) system]•vertebrae[椎骨]•cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]•thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]•lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]•sacrum[骶骨]•sternum[胸骨]•rib[肋骨]•thoracic cage[胸廓]•skull[颅]•frontal bone[额骨]•parietal bone[顶骨]•occipit al bone[枕骨]•temporal bone[颞骨]•sphenoid bone[蝶骨]•ethmoid bone[筛骨]•mandible (submaxilla)[下颌骨]•maxilla (supermaxilla)[上颌骨]•nasal bone[鼻骨]•coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture [冠状（矢状，人字）缝]•orbit[眶]•clavicle[锁骨]•scapula (shoulder blade)[肩胛骨]•sternum (b reast bone)[胸骨] •manubrium sterni (presternum)[胸骨柄] •midsternum[胸骨体]•xiphoid[剑突]•humerus[肱骨]•radius[桡骨]•ulna[尺骨]•carpal bone[腕骨]•metacarpal bone [掌骨]•phalanges[指(趾)骨]•hip bone[髋骨]•ilium[髂骨]•ischium [坐骨]•pubis[耻骨]•femur [股骨]•patella[髌骨]•tibia[胫骨]•fibula [腓骨]•articulation[关节]•ligament[韧带]•flexion[屈]•extension[伸]•adduction[收]•abduction[展]•medial rotation[旋内]•lateral rotation[旋外]•pronation[旋前]•supination[旋后]•circumductoin[环转]•vertebral column[脊柱]•intervertebral disc[椎间盘] •temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节] •shoulder joint[肩关节]•elbow joint[肘关节]•radiocarpal joint[肩关节]•radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]•pelvis[骨盆]•hip joint[髋关节]•knee joint[膝关节]•ankle joint[踝关节]•muscle [肌肉]•tendon[肌腱]•fascia[筋膜]•tendinous sheath[腱鞘]•trapezius[斜方肌]•latissi mus dorsi[背阔肌] •sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的] •scalenus [斜角肌]•pectoralis major[胸大肌]•intercostales[肋间肌]•diaphragm[膈肌]•inguinal canal[腹股沟管]•masseter[咬肌]•temporalis[颞肌]•deltoid[三角肌]•biceps brachii[肱二头肌]•triceps brachii[肱三头肌]•axillary fossa [腑窝]•gluteu s maximus[臀大肌]•piriformis[梨状肌]•sartorius[缝匠肌] •quadriceps femoris[股四头肌]•triceps surae[小腿三头肌]•femoral triangle[股三角]3、内脏[Viscera]•viscera[内脏]•oral cavity[口腔]•lip[唇]•cheek[颊]•palate[腭]•tooth[牙]•dentes[牙]•tongue[舌]•parotid gland[腮腺]•pharynx[咽]•esophagus[食管]•stomach gaster[胃]•duodenum[十二指肠]•jejunum[空肠]•ileum [回肠]•large intestine[大肠]•caecum[盲肠]•vermiform (appendix)[阑尾]•colon[结肠]•rectum[直肠]•anal canal[肛管]•dentate line[齿状线]•anus[肛门]•liver (hepar)[肝]•porta hepatis[肝门]•gallblader[胆囊]•p ancreas[胰]•nose[鼻]•nasal cavity[鼻腔]•paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]•larynx[喉]•laryngeal cavity[喉腔]•vocal cord[声带]•trachea[气管]•bronchi[支气管]•lung [肺]•pulmonary[肺的]•pleura[胸膜]•mediastinum[纵隔]•kidney[肾]•renal pilvis[肾盂]•ureter[输尿管]•urinary bladder[膀胱]•ur ethra[尿道]•testis[睾丸]•epididymis[附睾]•ductus deferens[输精管]•spermatic cord[精索]•prostate[前列腺]•scrotum[阴囊]•penis[阴茎]•ovary[卵巢]•uterine tube[输卵管]•uterus[子宫]•vagina[阴道]•clitoris[阴蒂]•mamma (breast)[乳房]•mammary papilla (nipple)[乳头]•perineum[会阴]•pelv ic diaphragm[盆膈]•peritoneum[腹膜]•omentum[网膜]4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]•heart[心]•artery[动脉]•vein[静脉]•capillary[毛细血管]•atrium[心房]•ventricle[心室]•tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]•bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]•aortic valve[主动脉瓣]•pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]•sinuatrial node[窦房结]•atrioventricular node[房室结]•atrioventricular bundle[房室束]•right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]•coronary artery[冠状动脉]•coronary sinus[冠状窦]•pericardium[心包]•aorta[主动脉]•innominate artery[无名动脉(头臂干)]•common carotid artery[颈总动脉]•carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]•inter nal(external) carotid artery[颈内(外)动脉]•facial artery[面动脉]•subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉]•mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]•common iliac artery[髂总动脉]•popliteal artery [腘动脉]•vena cava [腔静脉]•internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]•cephalic vein[头静脉]•basilic vein[贵要静脉]•saphenou s vein[隐静脉]•lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]•thoracic duct[胸导管]•lymph node[淋巴结]•spleen[脾]•thymus[胸腺]5、感觉器[sense organs]•sensory organ[感觉器]•receptor[感受器]•visual organ[视器]•eyeball [眼球]•cornea[角膜]•sclera[巩膜]•choroid [脉络膜]•ciliary body[睫状体]•iris[虹膜]•retina[视网膜]•optic disc[视神经盘]•macula lutea[黄斑]•aqueous humor[房水]•lens[晶状体]•vitreous body[玻璃体]•eyelid [眼睑]•conjunctiva[结膜]•lacrimal gland[泪腺]•vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]•ear( auris) [耳]•auricle[耳廓]•acoustic meatus[耳道]•tympanic cavity[鼓室]•tympanic m embrane[鼓膜]•pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管] •bony(membranous) labyrinth[骨(膜)迷路]•vestibule [前庭]•semicircular canal[半规管]•cochlea[耳蜗]•cochlear duct[蜗管]•olfactory organ[嗅器]•gustatory organ[味器]•taste bud[味蕾]•skin[皮肤]6、神经系统[Nervous system] •central nervous system[中枢神经系统] •peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统] •visceral nerve[内脏神经]•afferent nerve[传入神经]•efferent nerve[传出神经]•neuron[神经元]•axon [轴突]•dendrite[树突]•glia [神经胶质]•gray matter [灰质]•white matter[白质]•cortex[皮质]•madulla[髓质]•nucleus[神经质]•ganglion[神经节]•fasciculus[神经束]•nerve[神经]•spinal nerve[脊神经]•brachial plexus[臂丛]•lumbar plexus[腰丛]•sacral plexus [骶丛]•phrenic nerve[膈神经]•median nerve[正中神经]•ulnar nerve[尺神经]•radial nerve[桡神经]•femoral nerve[股神经]•ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经] •commo n peroneal nerve[腓总神经] •cranial nerve[颅(脑)神经]•olfactory nerve[嗅神经]•optic nerve[视神经]•oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]•trochlear nerve[滑车神经]•trigeminal verve[三叉神经]•abducent nerve[展神经]•facial nerve[面神经] •vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经] •glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经] •vagus nerve[迷走神经]•accessary nerve[副神经]•hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经] •autonomic nervous system[自主神经] •vegetative nervous system[植物神经] •sympathetic nerve[交感神经] •parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]•spinal cord[脊髓]•encephalon (brain)[脑]•brain stem[脑干]•medulla ob longata[延髓]•pons [脑桥]•mesencephalon[中脑]•midbrain[中脑]•cerebellum[小脑]•diencephalon[间脑]•thalamus[丘脑]•hypothalamus[下丘脑]•hypophysis[垂体]•telencephalon[端脑]•cerebrum[大脑]•cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]•corpus striatum[纹状体]•spinothalamic tr act[皮质脊髓束]•medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]•lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]•spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]•trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]•naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]•suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]•supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝]•infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝]•armpit (axi llary fossa)[腋窝]•midsternal (midian) line[胸骨中线（正中线）]•anterior midian line[前正中线]•parasternal line[胸骨旁线]•midclavicular line[锁骨中线]•mammillary (nipple, milk) line[乳线] •posterior (mid-, anterior) axillary line[腋后（中，前）线]•scapular line[肩胛线]•midspinal line[脊柱中线]•dorsomedian line[后正中线]•linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线]•the left (right) upper abdomen (quadrant)[左（右）上腹]•epigastrium[上腹部]•the middle abdomen[中腹部]•the lower abdomen[下腹部]•linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]•anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]•symphysis pubis (sy mphysion)[耻骨联合]•ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]•groin (inguen)[腹股沟]•popliteal fossa[腘窝]•upper extremity(limb)[上肢]•lower extremity(limb)[下肢]•posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]•anterior (dorsal) part of chest(前（后）胸部)•scapular region[肩胛区]•anterior (posterior) f ontanelle[前（后）囱]。
解剖精简词汇
解剖学专业英语词汇（500个）VOCABULARY LIST（标有*者掌握内容，共300个）*anatomy [↔'næt↔mi] 解剖学*human ['hju:m↔n] anatomy 人体解剖学*systematic [,sisti'mætik] anatomy 系统解剖学*regional ['ri:dʒ↔n↔l] anatomy 局部解剖学*anatomical [,æn↔'tɔmik↔l] position (posture) [p↔'zi∫↔n pɔs t∫↔] 解剖学姿势*superior [sju:'pi↔ri↔] 上*inferior [in'fi↔ri↔] 下*anterior [æn'ti↔ri↔] 前*posterior [pɔs'ti↔ri↔] 后*ventral ['ventr↔l 腹侧*dorsal ['dɔ:s↔l] 背侧*medial ['mi:dj↔l] 内侧*lateral ['læt↔r↔l] 外侧*internal [in't↔:nl] 内*external [eks't↔:nl] 外*superficial [sju:p↔'fi∫↔l] 浅*profoundal [pr↔'fαund↔l] 深*proximal [ 'prɔksim↔l] 近侧*distal ['dist↔l] 远侧*ulnar ['∧ln↔] 尺侧*radial ['reidj↔l] 桡侧*vertical ['v↔:tik↔l] axis ['æksis] 垂直轴*coronal ['kɔr↔nl] axis 冠状轴*sagittal ['sædʒitl] axis 矢状轴*plane [plein] 面*locomotor ['l↔uk↔,m↔ut↔m] system ['sistim] 运动系统*bone [b↔un] 骨*cartilage ['kα:tilidʒ] 软骨*fossa ['fɔs↔] 窝*fovea ['f↔uvi↔] 凹*sulcus ['s∧lk↔s] 沟*impression [im'pre∫↔n]压迹*cavity ['kæviti] 腔*sinus ['sain↔s] 窦*canal [k↔'næl] 管*duct [d∧kt] 管*tube [tju:b] 管*foramen [f↔'reimen] 孔*compact [k↔m'pækt] bone 骨密质*periosteum [,peri'ɔsti↔m] 骨(外)膜*vertebrae ['v↔:tibri] 椎骨*cervical ['s↔:vik↔l] vertebrae 颈椎*thoracic [θɔ: 'ræsik] vertebrae 胸椎*lumbar ['l∧mb↔] vertebrae 腰椎*sacral ['seikr↔l] vertebrae 骶椎*sacrum ['seikr↔m] 骶骨*coccyx ['kɔksiks] 尾骨*sternum ['st↔:n↔m] 胸骨*ribs [ribz] 肋*skull [sk∧l]颅*frontal ['fr∧ntl] bone 额骨*ethmoid ['eθmɔid] bone 筛骨*sphenoid ['sfi:nɔid] bone 蝶骨*temporal ['temp↔r↔l] bone 颞骨*occipital [ɔk'sipitl] bone 枕骨*parietal [p↔'raiitl] bone 顶骨*mandible ['mændibl] 下颌骨*hyoid ['haiɔid] bone 舌骨*maxilla [mæk'sil↔] 上颌骨*nasal ['neiz↔l] bone 鼻骨*orbit ['ɔ:bit]眶*clavicle ['klævikl] 锁骨*scapula ['skæpjul↔] 肩胛骨*humerus ['hju:m↔r↔s] 肱骨*radius ['reidj↔s] 桡骨*ulna ['∧ln↔] 尺骨*carpal [kα:pl] bones 腕骨*hip bone 髋骨*ilium ['ili↔m] 髂骨*ischium ['iski↔m] 坐骨*pubis ['pju:bis] 耻骨*femur ['fi:m↔] 股骨*patella [p↔'tel↔] 髌骨*tibia ['tibi↔] 胫骨*fibula ['fibjul↔] 腓骨*malleolus [m↔'li:↔l↔s] 踝*joint [dʒɔint] 关节, 连结*ligament ['lig↔m↔nt] 韧带*synovial [si'n↔uvi↔l] joint 滑膜关节*flexion ['flek∫↔n] 屈*extension [iks'ten∫↔n] 伸*adduction [↔'d∧k∫↔n] 内收*abduction [æb'd∧k∫↔n] 外展*rotation [r↔u'tei∫↔n] 旋转*medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)*pronation [pr↔u'nei∫↔n] 旋前*supination [,sju:pi'nei∫↔n] 旋后*intervertebral [,int↔'v↔:tibr↔l] disc 椎间盘*shoulder ['∫↔uld↔] joint 肩关节*elbow ['elb↔u] joint 肘关节*radiocarpal [,reidi↔u'kα:pl] joint 桡腕关节*hip joint 髋关节*knee joint 膝关节*ankle ['æηkl] joint 踝关节*muscle(m.) ['m∧sl] 肌*tendon ['tend↔n] 腱*trapezius [tr↔'pi:zi↔s] m. 斜方肌*erector [i'rekt↔] spinae 竖脊肌*sternocleidomastoid [,st↔:n↔u,klaid↔'mæstɔid] 胸锁乳突肌*diaphragm ['dai↔fræm] 膈*temporalis [temp↔'reilis] 颞肌*deltoid ['deltɔid] 三角肌*biceps ['baiseps] brachii ['breikj↔l] 肱二头肌*triceps brachii 肱三头肌*gluteus maximus [glu:'t↔s mæksim↔s] 臀大肌*quadriceps ['kwɔ↔driseps] femoris 股四头肌*gastrocnemius [,gæstrɔk'ni:mi↔s] 腓肠肌*digestive [di'dʒestiv] system 消化系统*oral ['ɔ:r↔l] cavity 口腔*parotid [p↔'rɔtid] gland 腮腺*pharynx ['færiηks] 咽*esophagus [i'sɔf↔g↔s] 食管*stomach ['st∧m↔k] 胃*duodenum [,dju↔u'di:n↔m] 十二指肠*jejunum [dʒi'dʒu:n↔m] 空肠*ileum ['ili↔m] 回肠*c(a)ecum ['si:k↔m] 盲肠*vermiform ['v↔:mifɔ:m] appendix ['↔pendiks] 阑尾*colon ['k↔ul↔n] 结肠*rectum ['rekt↔m] 直肠*liver ['liv↔] 肝*gallbladder ['gɔlblæd↔] 胆囊*pancreas ['pæηkri↔s] 胰*respiratory [ris'pai↔r↔t↔ri] system 呼吸系统*larynx ['læriηks] 喉*trachea [tr↔'ki:↔] 气管*bronchus['brɔηk↔s] 支气管*lung [l∧η] 肺*pleura ['plu↔r↔] 胸膜*urinary ['ju↔rin↔ri] system 泌尿系统*kidney ['kidni] 肾*ureter [ju↔'ri:t↔] 输尿管*urinary bladder ['blæd↔] 膀胱*urethra [ju↔'ri:θr↔] 尿道*genital ['dʒenitl] system 生殖系统*testis ['testis] 睾丸*ductus deferens ['def↔r↔nz] 输精管*prostate ['prɔsteit] 前列腺*ovary ['↔uv↔ri] 卵巢*uterine ['ju:t↔rain] tube 输卵管*uterus [,ju:t↔r↔s] 子宫*mammary ['mæm↔ri] gland 乳腺*heart [hα:t] 心*artery (a.) ['α:t↔ri] 动脉*vein (v.) [vein] 静脉*cardiac ['kα:diæk] atrium ['α:tri↔m 'eitri↔m] 心房*cardiac ventricle ['ventrikl] 心室*endocardium [,end↔u'kα:di↔m] 心内膜*myocardium [mai↔u'kα:di↔m] 心肌层*epicardium [,epi'kα:di↔m] 心外膜*left (right) coronary ['kɔr↔n↔ri] a. 左（右）冠状动脉*pericardium [,peri'kα:di↔m] 心包*left (right) pulmonary a. 左（右）肺动脉*aorta [ei'ɔ:t↔] 主动脉*brachiocephalic [,bræki↔use'fælik] trunk 头臂干*common carotid [k↔'rɔtid] a. 颈总动脉*subclavian [,s∧b'kleivi↔n] a. 锁骨下动脉*axillary [æk'sil↔ri] a. 腋动脉*brachial ['breikj↔l] a. 肱动脉*radial a. 桡动脉*ulnar a. 尺动脉*renal ['ri:nl] a. 肾动脉*c(o)eliac ['si:liæk] trunk 腹腔干*superior mesenteric [,mes↔n'terik] a. 肠系膜上动脉*inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉*femoral ['fem↔r↔l] a. 股动脉*popliteal [pɔp'liti↔l] a. 腘动脉*superior vena ['vi:n↔] cava [keiv↔] 上腔静脉*external jugular ['dʒ∧gjul↔] v. 颈外静脉*cephalic [se'fælik] v. 头静脉*basilic [b↔'silik] v. 贵要静脉*median cubital ['kju:bitl] v. 肘正中静脉*azygos v. ['æzig↔s] 奇静脉*inferior vena cava 下腔静脉*great saphenous [s↔'fi:n↔s] v. 大隐静脉*hepatic portal ['pɔ:t↔l] v. 肝门静脉*lymphatic [lim'fætik] system 淋巴系统*lymph [limf] 淋巴*thoracic duct 胸导管*cisterna ['sist↔n↔] chyli [kaili] 乳糜池*lymph node [n↔ud] 淋巴结*inguinal [iηgwinl] lymph nodes 腹股沟淋巴结*spleen [spli:n] 脾*thymus ['θaim↔s] 胸腺*sensory ['sens↔ri] organs 感觉器*visual ['vizju↔l] organ 视器*eyeball ['aibɔ:l] 眼球*cornea ['kɔ:ni↔] 角膜*sclera ['skli↔r↔] 巩膜*choroid ['kɔ:rɔid] 脉络膜*iris ['ai↔ris] 虹膜*retina ['retin↔] 视网膜*lens [lenz] 晶状体*vitreous ['vitri↔s] body 玻璃体*vestibulocochlear [ves,tibjul↔u'kɔkli↔] organ 前庭蜗器*ear [i↔] 耳*tympanic [tim'pænik] cavity 鼓室*tympanic membrane 鼓膜*vestibule ['vestibju:l] 前庭*bony semicircular [,semi's↔:kjul↔] canals 骨半规管*cochlea ['kɔkli↔] 耳蜗*nervous ['n↔:v↔s] system 神经系统*central nervous system 中枢神经系统*autonomic [,ɔ:t↔u'nɔmik] nervous system 自主神经系统*neuron ['nju↔rɔn] 神经元*gray [grei] matter ['mæt↔] 灰质*cortex ['kɔ:teks] 皮质*nucleus ['nju:kli↔s] 神经核*ganglion ['gæηgli↔n] 神经节*white matter 白质*medulla [me'd∧l↔] 髓质*fasciculus [f↔'sikjul↔s] 纤维束*nerve [n↔:v] 神经*reticular [ri'tikjul↔] formation [fɔ: 'mei∫↔n] 网状结构*afferent ['æf↔r↔nt] 传入的*efferent ['e f↔r↔nt] 传出的*spinal ['spainl] n. 脊神经*phrenic ['frenik] n. 膈神经*musculocutaneous [,m∧skjul↔ukju'teini↔s] n. 肌皮神经*median ['mi:dj↔n] n. 正中神经*ulnar n. 尺神经*radial n. 桡神经*femoral ['fem↔r↔l] n. 股神经*pudendal [pju'dend↔l] n. 阴部神经*sciatic [sai'ætik] n. 坐骨神经*cranial ['kreini↔l] n. 脑神经*olfactory [,ɔl'fækt↔ri] n. 嗅神经(Ⅰ)*optic ['ɔptik]n.视神经(Ⅱ)*oculomotor [,ɔkjul↔u'm↔ut↔] n. 动眼神经(Ⅲ)*trochlear ['trɔkli↔] n. 滑车神经(Ⅳ)*trigeminal [trai'dʒemin↔l] n. 三叉神经(Ⅴ)*abducent [æb'dju:snt] n. 展神经(Ⅵ)*facial [fai∫↔l] n. 面神经(Ⅶ)*chorda ['kɔ:d↔] tympani ['timp↔nai] 鼓索*vestibulocochlear [ves,tibjul↔u'kɔkli↔] n. 前庭蜗神经(Ⅷ) *glossopharyngeal ['glɔs↔u,færin'dʒi:↔l] n. 舌咽神经(Ⅸ)*vagus ['veig↔s] n. 迷走神经(Ⅹ)*accessory [æk'ses↔ri] n. 副神经(Ⅺ)*hypoglossal ['haip↔u'glɔs↔l] n. 舌下神经(Ⅻ)*sympathetic [,simp↔'θetik] n. 交感神经*sympathetic trunk 交感干*white communicating branch 白交通支*gray communicating branch 灰交通支*parasympathetic [,pær↔,simp↔'θetik] n. 副交感神经*spinal ['spainl] cord [kɔ:d] 脊髓*conus ['k↔un↔s] medullaris [medju:'leiris] 脊髓圆锥*spinothalamic [,spain↔uθ↔'læmik] tract 脊髓丘脑束*corticospinal [,kɔ:tik↔u'spainl] tract 皮质脊髓束*encephalon [en'sef↔lɔn], brain [brein] 脑*brain stem [stem] 脑干*medulla oblongata [,ɔblɔη'geit↔] 延髓*pyramid ['pir↔mid] 锥体*pons [pɔnz] 脑桥*mesencephalon [,mesen'sef↔lɔn] 中脑*substantia [s∧b'stæn∫i↔] nigra ['naigr↔] 黑质*medial lemniscus [lem'nisk↔s] 内侧丘系*trigeminal [trai'dʒemin↔l] lemniscus 三叉丘系*corticonuclear [,kɔ:tik↔u'nju:kli↔] tract 皮质核束*cerebellum [,seri'bel↔m] 小脑*diencephalon [,daien'sef↔lɔn] 间脑*dorsal thalamus ['θæl↔m↔s] 背侧丘脑*hypothalamus [,haip↔u'θæl↔m↔s] 下丘脑*supraoptic nucleus [,sju:pr↔'ɔptik] 视上核*paraventricular nucleus [,pær↔ven'trikjul↔] 室旁核*telencephalon [,telen'sef↔lɔn] 端脑*cerebrum ['seribr↔m] 大脑*gyrus ['dʒai↔r↔s] 大脑回*frontal lobe [l↔ub] 额叶*parietal [p↔'raiitl] lobe 顶叶*occipital lobe 枕叶*temporal lobe 颞叶*insula ['insjul↔] （insular ['insjul↔] lobe）岛叶, 脑岛*hippocampus [,hip↔u'kæmp↔s] 海马*basal ['beisl] nuclei ['nju:kliai] 基底核*corpus ['kɔ:p↔s] striatum [strai'eit↔m] 纹状体*caudate ['kɔ:deit] nucleus 尾状核*putamen [pju;'teim↔n] 壳*globus ['gl↔ub↔s] pallidus ['pælid↔s] 苍白球*cerebral ['seribr↔l] cortex 大脑皮质*internal capsule ['kæpsju:l] 内囊*limbic system 边缘系*pyramidal ['pir↔midl] system 锥体系*extrapyramidal [ekstr↔pi'ræmid↔l] system 锥体外系*spinal dura ['dju↔r↔] mater ['meit↔] 硬脊膜*spinal arachnoid [↔'ræknɔid] mater 脊髓蛛网膜*subarachnoid [,s∧b↔'ræknɔid] space 蛛网膜下隙*spinal pia ['pai↔] mater 软脊膜*cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜*cerebral falx [fælks] 大脑镰*tentorium [ten'tɔ:ri↔m] of cerebellum 小脑幕*venous ['vi:n↔s] sinus of dura mater 硬脑膜窦*cavernous ['kæv↔n↔s] sinus 海绵窦*middle cerebral a. 大脑中动脉*basilar ['bæsil↔] a. 基底动脉*cerebral arterial [a:'ti↔ri↔l] circle ['s↔:kl] 大脑动脉环*cerebral [,seribr↔u] spinal ['spainl] fluid ['fluid] 脑脊液*endocrine glands 内分泌腺*thyroid ['θairɔid] gland 甲状腺*suprarenal [,sju;pr↔'ri:nl] gland 肾上腺*hypophysis [hai'pɔfisis] 垂体。
常用解剖学英文词汇
常用解剖学英语词汇1绪论、骨及骨连结总论、躯干骨[]骨['mæ] 骨髓['ɔəm] 骨膜[kəm'pæ]骨密质['ʌʒɪ] 骨松质长骨椎骨['vəəl] ['ən] 椎孔['æəs] 寰椎['səəl] 颈椎['æ] 枢椎['lʌə] 腰椎[θɔ:'ræ] 胸椎['kɔ] 尾骨['əəm] 胸骨['əm] 骶骨[] 肋[ɑ'ʃən] 关节2躯干骨连结、上肢骨及其连结['kɑləm] 脊柱[kə'næl] 椎管胸廓['əmə] 韧带['æ] 锁骨['æə] 肩胛骨['ərəs] 肱骨['ʌə] 尺骨['əs] 桡骨['kɑəl] 腕骨[ə'kɑ] 掌骨['fælæʒ] 指骨肩关节肘关节腕关节3下肢骨及其连结[]髋骨['əm] 髂骨['əm] 坐骨['] 耻骨['ə] 股骨['ə] 胫骨['ə]腓骨['tɑ] 跗骨[ɑʃ] 足弓髋关节膝关节踝关节4颅骨及其连结[ʌl] 颅['ʌ] 额骨[pə'] 顶骨['ɔ] 蝶骨['ərəl] 颞骨[eθ'mɔ] 筛骨[mæk'ə] 上颌骨['mæ] 下颌骨['ɔ] 眶['əs] 额窦['ɔ] 蝶窦[mæk'ə] 上颌窦[ɔə'] 囟['ʃə] 缝['pɔfə] ：['fɔsə] 垂体窝['ən] ['mæəm] [ɔk'] 枕骨大孔5肌总论、头颈肌躯干肌['mʌ] 肌肉['ən] 腱[ə'əs] 斜方肌['ərə] 胸大肌['əəə'mæɔ] 胸锁乳突肌['əæm] 膈['iŋəl] ：['əmə] 腹股沟韧带：[əb'] ['tə] [æb'dɔəl]腹外斜肌['ə] 白线6上、下肢肌['] [']肱二头肌['] 肱三头肌['ə] ：[tə'ə] 旋前圆肌['ɔ]三角肌[:':əs] ：['mæəs] 臀大肌['ɔ] ['ə] 股四头肌[pə'ə] 髌韧带7内脏学总论消化系统（一）：口腔—食管['dʒ] 消化系统['kæ] 口腔牙舌['sæə][æ] 唾液腺['fæŋ]咽[i:'sɔfəgəs] 食管8消化系统（二）：胃—消化腺胃[:ə'əm] 十二指肠['] 小肠[dʒi'dʒəm] 空肠['əm] 回肠大肠['əm] 盲肠['vəɔ] [ə'] 阑尾['ɔ] ['kəən]乙状结肠结肠['əm]直肠肝['pæ]肝管['gɔædə] 胆囊[] 胆总管胆汁['pæŋəs] 胰。
人体解剖学词汇
ankle joint 踝关节
anterior horn 前角
anterior white commissure白质前连合
anus 肛门
aortic sinus 主动脉窦
aponeurosis 腱膜
aqueous humor 房水
arterial ligament 动脉韧带
rectovesical ponch 直肠膀胱陷凹
rectum 直肠
red nucleus 红核
renal hilum 肾门
renal pedicle 肾蒂
reproductive system生殖系统
respiratory system 呼吸系统
reticular formation 网结构spinal cord 脊髓
ethmoidal sinus 筛窦
external iliac a. 髂外动脉
extrapyramidal system锥体外系
eye 眼
facial a. 面动脉
facial n. 面神经
fascia 筋膜
fasciculus 纤维束
fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束
corpus striatum 纹状体
cortex 皮质
corticonuclear tract 皮质核束
corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束
costal bone 肋骨
costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隐窝
cranial fontanelles 颅囟
解剖学名词解释(考试必背)
1、器官：几种不同组织合成具有一定形态、功能的结构。
2、系统：形态不同、共同完成一种连续的功能的器官组合在一起称为系统3、内脏：呼吸、消化、泌尿和生殖系统的大部分器官位于胸、腹、盆腔内，并借孔道与外界相通，统称为内脏4、解剖学姿势：身体直立，两眼平视前方，上肢下垂，掌心向前，下肢并拢，足尖向前5、椎孔：椎体与椎弓构成椎孔，所有椎孔连成椎管，内容纳脊髓6、椎间孔：相邻两椎弓根的上、下切迹围成椎间孔，椎间孔内有脊神经通过。
7、骶角：骶管裂孔两侧向下的突起，称骶角。
是骶管麻醉的定位标志8、界线：由骶骨岬、弓状线、耻骨梳、耻骨结节、耻骨联合上缘围成，是大、小骨盆的分界线。
9、椎间盘：位于相邻两推体之间，由周围的纤维环和中央的髓核构成，后外侧纤维环薄弱，易引起椎间盘突出10、胸廓：由12块胸椎、12对肋、1块胸骨借骨连接连接而成，具有参与呼吸运动，保护胸腹腔器官的功能11、胸骨角：胸骨柄与胸骨体连接处形成向前微凸的角称胸骨角，两侧与第二肋软骨相连，是计数肋骨序数的标志。
12、胸骨下角：两侧肋弓之间的夹角称胸骨下角，内有剑突13、肋弓：第8~10对肋软骨的前端依次连于上位肋软骨下缘形成肋弓14、翼点：位于颅侧面的颞窝内，是额、顶、颞、蝶四骨之间相交的区域，此处骨质薄弱，内有脑膜中动脉通过，骨折时易损伤该动脉，引起颅内血肿15、前囟：位于颅顶矢状缝前端充填的纤维组织膜，呈菱形，新生儿多于生后1岁半闭合。
16、鼻旁窦：位于同名颅骨内，并开口于鼻腔的含气空腔，由骨性鼻旁窦内衬黏膜构成；包括上颌窦、蝶窦、筛窦、额窦各一对17、桡神经沟：肱骨中段的后上方从内上斜向外下的浅沟称桡神经沟，内有桡神经通过18、尺神经沟：肱骨内上髁后方的浅沟，内有尺神经经过19、肘后三角：肱骨内、外上髁和尺骨鹰嘴在伸肘180°时呈一直线，当肘关节前屈90°时呈一等腰三角形，这种位置关系发生改变，提示有肘关节脱位20、耻骨下角：两侧耻骨下支、坐骨支和耻骨联合下缘所成的夹角称耻骨下角21、足号：跗骨和跖骨借骨连接而形成凸向上的弓形结构称为足弓，具有缓冲震荡，保护脑和内脏器官等作用22、腹般沟韧带：腹外斜肌膜下缘增厚，连于髂前上棘和耻骨结节之间形。
解剖学词汇
人体解剖学英汉名词对照一、总论1．解剖学分类(Classification of Anatomy)anatomy解剖学* human anatomy, anthropotomy人类解剖学systematic anatomy系统解剖学regional (topographic) anatomy, topology局部解剖学gross (macroscopic) anatomy大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy断面解剖学pathological (morbid) anatomy病理解剖学neuroanatomy神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy化学解剖学developmental anatomy发生(或发育)histologic anatomy组织解剖学histology组织学embryology胚胎学anthropology人类学2．一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.)解剖，解剖标本normality，normal (a.)正常abnormality , abnormal异常variation变异deformity, malformation畸形specimen标本model模型3. 方位术语(Positional Terms)anatomical position解剖学姿势(1)方位的形容词(positional adjectives)inferior, lower下superior, upper上anterior前侧posterior后侧ventral (dorsal)腹(背)侧medial (lateral)内(外)侧intermediate中间internal, interior, inner, inside内external, exterior, outer, outside外superficial浅deep, profound深proximal(distal)近(远)侧ulnar (radial)尺(桡)侧tibial (fibular)胫(腓)侧palmar掌侧plantar足底left左right右middle中median正中(2)轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.)轴vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis冠(额)状轴sagittal axis矢状轴plane(平)面horizontal (transverse) plane水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane冠(额)状面sagittal plane矢状面median sagittal plane正中矢状面transverse section横切面longitudinal section纵切面4.人体的分部和分区(Toponym and Zonation of the Humanbody)头(Head)heat头(的)Skull，craniun，cranial (a.)颅front, frontal, region额区perietal region顶区occiput, occipital region枕区Face, facial (a.)面orbit, orbital region眶区nose, nasal region鼻区mouth, oral region口区chin, mental region颌区ear, auditory region耳区颈(Neck)neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.)颈anterior region of neck, anterior of neck颈前区carotid triangle颈动脉三角muscular triangle肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle锁骨上三角posterior region of neck, nuchal region颈后区,项区 nape, nucha, nuchal (a.)项root of neck颈根部躯干(Trunk)trunk, truncus躯干Median anterior line前正中线sternal line胸骨线parasternal line胸骨旁线midclavicular line锁骨中线anterior (posterior) axillary line腋前(后) 线midaxillary line腋中线scapular line肩胛线median posterior line后正中线Back, dorsal背vertebral region脊柱区sacral region骶区scapular region肩胛下区lumbar region腰Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.)胸sternal region胸骨(前)区infraclavicular fossa锁骨下窝Abdomen, abdominal (a.)腹Hypochondriac季肋区epigastric region腹上区lateral region of abdomem腹外侧区umbilical region脐区inguinal region, iliac region,腹股沟区，髂区inguinal triangle腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubic region, hypogastric region耻区，腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a. )盆部Perineum,perineal (a.)会阴anal region肛区urogenital region尿生殖区四肢(Limbs)limbs, extremities四肢Upper limbs (extremities)上肢Shoulder肩axilla, axillary region腋区Free upper limb自由上肢arm,brachial (a.)臂anterior (posterior ) brachial region臂前(后)区elbow, cubital, (a.)肘forearm, antebrachial (a.)前臂anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region前臂前(后)区hand, manual (a.)手wrist, carpal (a.)腕palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.)掌back (palm) of hand手背(掌)finger, digital (a.)手指thumb拇指index finger示指middle finger中指ring finger环指little finger小指Lower limb下肢hip, coxal (a.)髋buttock, gluteal region臀区Free lower limb自由下肢anterior (posterior) region of thigh股前(后)区femoral triangle股三角medial region of thigh股内侧区knee, geniculate (a.)膝anterior (posterior) region of knee膝前(后)区 leg, crural (a.)小腿anterior (posterior) crural region小腿前后)区foot,pedal (a.)足dorsum of foot足背sole, planta (pl. plantae)足底toes足趾great toe足母趾人体解剖学词汇骨学osteology骨学* bone，bony骨skeleton，skletal (a.)骨骼long (short，flat) bone长(短，扁)骨irregular bone不规则骨pneumatic bone含气骨sesamoid bone籽骨，shaft，diaphysis骨干，骨体bony(osseous)substance骨质compact(spongy)bone骨密(松)质trabeculae骨小梁periosteum(外)膜endosteum骨内膜medullary髓腔red(yellow)bone marrow红(黄)骨髓中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column脊柱* vertebral canal椎管intervertebral foramen椎间孔cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral)curvature颈(胸，腰，骶)曲vertebra ( pl. vertebrae)椎骨vertebral body (arch)椎体(弓)pedicle of vertebral arch椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch椎弓板vertebral foramen椎孔spinous process棘突transverse process横突superior (inferior) articular process上(下) 关节突cervical vertebrae颈椎atlas寰椎axis枢椎prominent vertebrae隆椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum,sacral bone骶骨coccyx尾骨thoracic cavity胸腔superior (inferior) aperture of thorax胸廓上下口costal arch肋弓intercostals space肋间隙infrasternal angle胸骨下角* ribs ,costa(costae)肋* sternum胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)Xiphoid process剑突颅骨(skull)cerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中，后)窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨状孔，鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle前(后)外侧囟cranial bones脑颅骨occipital bone枕骨large foramen of occipital bone枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆，棘)孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道jugular fossa颈静脉窝styloid process茎突stylomastoid foramen茎乳孔facial canal面神经管external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)frontal bone 额骨frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔) facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨* mandible 下颌骨ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角) masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下，外侧)缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下，外侧)角glenoid cavity关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结节嵴sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突，桡)窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 桡骨head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* uana 尺骨olecranon鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones腕骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone月骨triangular bone三角骨pisiform bone豌豆骨trapezium bone大多角骨trapezoid bone小多角骨capitate bone头状骨hamate bone钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩Metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers指骨proximal (middle, distal) phalanx近(中，远)指(或趾)骨下肢骨(Bones of lower limb)pelvic girdle下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone髋骨acetabulum髋臼acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen闭孔* Ilium髂骨body (ala) of ilium髂骨体(翼)arcuate line弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle髂结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂前上(下)棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface腘面medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨* tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁Fibula,perone腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨synosteology关节学，关节解剖学articulation连结，关节joint关节，连结synovial joints滑膜关节fibrous纤维连结syndesmosis韧带连结suture缝cartilaginous joints软骨连结synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨)结合symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性结合articular surface (cavity)关节面(腔) articular disk关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule关节囊fibrous layer (membrane)纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜synovial fold (villi)滑膜襞synovial fluid滑液ligament (lig.)韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.)伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.)收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.)展Medial (lateral) rotation旋内(外) pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.)旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后circumduction环转运动中轴骨骼的连结(Joints of the Axial Skeleton) vertebral joints椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig.棘间韧带intertransverse lig.横突间韧带supraspinous lig.棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合interverbral discs椎间盘Fibrous rings纤维环Pulpiform nucleus髓核Anterior longitudinal前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal前后韧带Zygapophysial joint关节突关节Lumbosacral joint腰骶连结Costovertebral joints肋椎关节Joint of costal head肋头关节Costotransverse joint肋横突关节Sternocostal joints胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture人字缝Synchondroses of cranium颅结合Temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle上肢带连结coracoacromial lig.喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig.喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint肩关节Elbow joint肘关节Humeroulnar joint肱尺关节Humeroradial joint肱桡关节Joints of hand手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连结Pubic symphysis耻骨联合Interpubic disc耻骨间盘Obturator membrane闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig.骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔Pelvis骨盆Terminal line界线Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口Pubic arch耻骨弓Subpubic angle耻骨下角Pelvic cavity骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb自由下肢连结Hip joint髋关节Transverse acetabular lig.髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur股骨头韧带Knee joint膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig.前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig.后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig.腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella髌韧带Tibiofibular joint胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane小腿骨间膜Joints of foot足关节talocrural joint,ankle joint距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch内(外)侧纵弓transverse arch横弓肌学(mycology)muscle (m.)肌肉cardiac muscle心肌smooth muscle平滑肌skeletal muscle骨骼肌long (short, broad, flat) muscle长(短，阔，扁) 肌orbicular muscle轮匝肌sphincter括约肌dilator, dilatator开大肌venter (belly)肌腹tendon腱aponeurosis腱膜origin起点，固定点insertion止点，动点accessory (subservient) structure辅助结构tendinous sheath腱鞘synovial sheath of tendon滑膜腱鞘fascia筋膜superficial (deep) fascia浅(深)筋膜synovial bursa滑膜囊subcutaneous tissue (fat) 皮下组织(脂肪)躯干肌(Muscles of Trunk)muscles of back背肌trapezius m.斜方肌broadest m. of back背阔肌erector spinal m.竖脊肌muscles of neck颈肌platysma m.颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌anterior (middle, posterior) scalene m.前中后斜角肌scalene fissure斜角肌suprahyoid muscles舌骨上肌群infrahyoid muscles舌骨下肌群thoracic m.胸肌greater (lesser) pectoral m.胸大(小)肌anterior serratus m.前锯肌thoracic proper m.胸固有肌external intercostal m.肋间外肌internal intercostal m.肋间内肌external (internal) intercostalsmembrane肋间外(内)膜transverse m. of thorax胸横肌intimate intercostal m.肋间最内肌* diaphragm膈central tendon中心腱aortic hiatus主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus食管裂孔hiatus of vena cave腔静裂孔abdominal m.腹肌abdominal rectus m., straight m. ofabdomen腹直肌sheath of rectus m.腹直肌鞘external (internal) oblique m. of abdomen腹外(内) 斜肌inguinal lig.腹股沟韧带superficial (deep) inguinal ring腹股沟浅环transverse m. of abdomen腹横肌inguinal canal腹股沟管头肌(Muscles of Head)Facial m. 面肌epicranial m. 颅顶肌occipitofrontal m. 枕额肌frontal(occipital)belly额(枕)腹epicranial aponeurosis,galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜orbicuaal m. of eye眼轮匝肌orbicular m. of mouth口轮匝肌buccinator,buccinator m.颊肌masticatory m.咀嚼肌masseter m.咬肌上肢肌(Muscles of Upper Limb)muscles of shoulder girdle上肢带肌,肩带肌deltoid m.三角肌muscles of arm 臂肌brachial biceps (triceps) m. 肱二(三)头肌anconeus m. 肘肌round pronator m.旋前圆肌radial (ulnar)flexor m. of wrist桡(尺)侧腕屈肌long palmar m.掌长肌superficial (deep)fleaor m. of fingers指浅(深)屈肌long flexor m, of thumb拇长屈肌quadrate pronator m. brachioradialis旋前方肌brachioradial m., brachioradialis肱桡肌long (short)radial extensor carpal m. 桡侧腕长(短)伸肌extensor m. of fingers指伸肌extensor m. of lesser finger 小指伸肌ulnar extensor m. of wrist尺侧腕伸肌supinator m. 旋后肌long abductor (extensor) m. of thumb拇长展(伸)肌short extensor m. of thumb 拇短伸肌extensor m. of index finger 示指伸肌muscles of hand 手肌short abductor (flexor ) m. of thumb 拇短展(屈)肌opposing m. of thumb拇对掌肌abductor (opposing) m. of little finger小指展(对掌)肌lumbrrical m. 蚓状肌palmar (dorsal)interosseous m.骨间掌(背)侧肌下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip髋肌iliopsoas m.髂腰肌iliac m.髂肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中，小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m.闭孔内肌external obturator m.闭孔外肌quadrate m. of thigh股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps m. lf thigh股四头肌pectineal m. 耻骨肌slender m. gracile m股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh股二头肌semiterninous m. 半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m.胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel跟腱long flexor m. of toe趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia阔筋膜iliotibial tract髂筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus收肌腱裂孔adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓vascular lacuna血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath)股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring)股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝malleolar canal踝管digestive system ，alimentary system消化系统internal organ ，splanchna ，viscera 内脏splanchnology 内脏学digestive apparatus 消化器digestive canal 消化管上消化道(Superior Digestive Tract)mouth口Oral cavity ，mouth cavity口腔Hard (soft) palate硬(软)腭Gum牙龈Sublingual caruncle舌下阜Sublingual fold舌下襞Papilla of parotid duct腮腺管乳头Oral glands口腔腺Major salivary glands大唾液腺Sublingual gland舌下腺Major(minor)sublingual duct舌下腺大(小)管Submandibular gland下颌下腺Submandibular duct下颌下腺管* Parotid gland腮腺Parotid duct腮腺管Tooth牙Incisor teeth incisor切牙Lateral (second) incisor侧切牙Canine teeth 尖牙Premolor teeth 前磨牙molor teeth磨牙* tongue, lingua 舌apex (dorsoum，root，body) of tongue舌尖(背，根，体)lingual mucous membrane舌黏膜frenulum of tongue 舌系带papillae of tongue,lingual papillae舌乳头filiformpapillae丝状乳头fungiform papillae 菌状乳头vallate papillae轮廓乳头foliate papillae叶状乳头terminal sulcus 界沟foramen cecum of tongue舌盲孔muscles of tongue舌肌genioglossus m颏舌肌* pharynx咽isthmus of fauces, fauces咽峡palatine velum腭帆palatine uvula,uvula腭垂，悬雍垂palatoglossal arch腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓palatine tonsil腭扁桃体tonsillar fossa扁桃体窝cavity (fornix) of pharynx 咽腔nasopharynx鼻咽eustachian cushion, tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕tonsillar ring扁桃体环pharyngeal recess咽隐窝oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽piriform recess梨状隐窝* esophagus食管，食道cervical (thoracic, abdominal) part of esophagus食管颈(胸，腹)部* stomach胃greater curvature of stomach胃大弯lesser curvature of stomach胃小弯angular (gastric) notch角切迹cardia, cardiac orifice贲门cardiac part 贲门部fundus (body) of stomach 胃底cardiac notch (incisure) 贲门切迹pylorus,pyloric orifice幽门pyloric part (canal, antrum) 幽门部(管，窦)* small intestine小肠solitary lymphatic follicles孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles集合淋巴滤泡* duodenum十二指肠ampulla,duodenal bulb十二指肠球major(minor)duodenal papilla十二指肠大(小)乳头duodinojejunal flexure十二指肠空肠曲suspensory m.of duodenum十二指肠悬肌下消化道(Inferior Digestive Tract)* jejunum 空肠* ileum回肠* large intestine大肠c(a)ecum盲肠ileocecal valve(orifice)回盲(瓣)口* vermix,vermiform appendix阑尾* colon结肠ascending (transverse, descending) colon升横，降)结肠right colic flexure,hepatic flexure结肠右曲，肝曲left colic flexure,splenic flexure结肠左曲，脾曲sigmoid colon乙状结肠haustra of colon结肠袋colic lig结肠带epiploic appendices肠脂垂* rectum直肠sacral(perineal)flexure骶(会阴)曲anal canal(column,sinus,valves肛管(柱，窦，瓣)anorectal line肛直肠线dentate line,anocutaneous line齿状线，肛皮线anal pecten,hemorrhoidal ring肛梳anus肛门internal sphincter m. of anus肛门内括约肌消化腺(Digestive Glands)* liver肝diaphragmatic surface膈面visceral surface脏面sulcus for vena cava腔静脉沟fossa for gallbladder胆囊窝round lig.of liver肝圆韧带venous lig. (duct) 静脉韧带door of liver肝门hepatic pedicle肝蒂left (right) lobe左(右)叶quadrate (caudate) lobe方(尾状)叶bile duct胆管extrahepatic duct肝外胆道common hepatic duct肝总管left (right) hepatic duct肝左右管* gallbladder胆囊fundus (body,neck) of gallbladder胆囊底(体，颈)cystic duct胆囊管common bile duct胆总管hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹sphincter m.of hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹括约肌* pancreas胰uncinate process钩突head(body,tail)of pancreas胰头(体，尾)pancreatic duct胰管accessary pancreatic duct副胰管呼吸系统(Respiratory System)respiratory apparatus(organ) 呼吸器superior (inferior) respiratory tract上(下) 呼吸道nose 鼻external nose 外鼻root (back,apex,wing )of nose鼻根(背，尖，翼)nasolabial groove鼻唇沟nasal cartilage鼻软骨naris (pl.nares )鼻孔posterior nasal apertures, choanae鼻后孔nasal septum鼻中隔nasal vestibule鼻前庭proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔sphenoethmoidal recess蝶筛隐窝superior (middle, inferior )meatus of nose上(中，下)鼻道* paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦maxillary sinus上颌窦sphenoidal (frontal, ethmoidal)sinus蝶(额，筛)窦* larynx喉laryngeal cartilages喉软骨thyroid cartilage甲状软骨cricoid cartilage环状软骨arytenoid cartilage勺状软骨epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨laryngeal m.喉肌cricothyroid m.环甲肌laryngeal cavity喉腔laryngeal aperture喉口epiglottis会厌vestibule of larynx喉前庭vestibular fold (slit ) 前庭襞(裂)intermediate cavity of larynx喉中间腔ventricle of larynx喉室glottis声门slit of glottis声门裂vocal fold 声带，声襞infraglottic cavity声门下腔elastic cone弹性圆锥cricothyroid membrane环甲膜vocal lig.声韧带* trachea气管cervial (thoracic )part颈(胸)部tracheal cartilages气管软骨bifurcation of trachea气管杈carina of trachea气管隆嵴bronchus (pl.bronchi )支气管left (right ) principal bronchus左(右)主支气管lobar bronchi肺叶支气管segmental bronchi肺段支气管* lung肺apex (base) of lung肺尖(底)costal (medial, diaphragmatic) surface肋(内侧，膈)面cardiac notch of left lung 左肺心切迹lingula of left lung左肺小舌hilus (root)of lung 肺根(门)oblique fissure斜裂horizontal dissure of right lung 右肺水平裂bronchopulmonary sehments支气管肺段superior (middle, inferior)lobe上(中,下) 叶thoracic (pleural)cavity胸(胸膜)腔pleura胸膜cupula of pleura,cervical pleura胸膜顶visceral (parietal)pleura脏(壁)胸膜mediastinal (costal,diaphragmatic)pleura 纵隔(肋，膈)胸膜pleural recesses胸膜隐窝costomediastinal recess肋纵隔隐窝Mediastinum纵隔Superior (inferior)mediastinum上(下)纵隔Anterior (middle,posterior)mediastinum前(中，后)纵隔urogenital system泌尿生殖系统urinary organs泌尿器* kidney肾renal hilus (sinus，pedicle)肾门(窦，蒂)renal fascia肾筋膜fatly (adipose) capsule脂肪囊fibrous capsule纤维囊renal cortex (medulla)肾皮(髓)质renal pyramid肾锥体renal papilla 肾乳头papillary foramen乳头孔renal columns (pelvis)肾柱(盂)renal calices肾盏major (minor) renal calices肾大(小)盏* ureter输尿管* bladder，urinary bladder膀胱apex(body，fundus，neck)of bladder膀胱尖(体，底，颈) trigone of bladder，vesical trigone膀胱三角interureteric ridge输尿管间襞orifice of ureter输尿管口internal urethral orifice尿道内口female urethra女尿道* 生殖系统(Reproductive System)reproductive system，genital system生殖系统male(female)genital organs男女性生殖器internal(external)genital organs内(外)生殖器男性生殖器(Male Genital Organs)testicle，testis睾丸* epididymis附睾deferential (spermatic)duct输精管ejaculatory duct射精管seminal vesicle精囊精囊腺spermatic cord精索cremasteric m.提睾肌prostate前列腺apex (base，body, sulcus) of prostate前列腺尖(底，体，沟) bulbourethral gland尿道球腺penis 阴茎prepuce of penis阴茎包皮bulb of urethra尿道球male urethra男尿道prostatic part前列腺部seminal colliculus精阜membranous part膜部subpubic curvature耻骨下弯prepubic curvature耻骨前弯scrotum阴囊dartos coat，dartos肉膜女性生殖器(female Genital Organs)* ovary卵巢* uterine tube，oviduct输卵管* Womb, uterus子宫Fundus of uterus子宫底(体)Isthmrs of uterus子宫峡(角)Neck of uterus, cervix子宫颈Orifice (cavity) of uterus子宫口(腔)Canal of cervix of uterus子宫颈管Round (broad ) lig. Of uterus子宫圆(阔)韧带Cardinal lig. Of uterus子宫主韧带Sacroluterine lig.骶子宫韧带Vagina阴道Female pudendum, vulva女阴Mons pubis阴阜Greater (lesser ) lip of pudendum大(小)阴唇Vaginal vestibule阴道前庭Vaginal orifice阴道口乳房，会阴(Mamma and perineum)Mamma(pl.mammae). breast乳头Mammary gland乳腺Perineum会阴Pelvic diaphragm盆膈Urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈Sphincter m. of urethra尿道括约肌腹膜(Peritoneum)Parietal(visceral) peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜Abdominal cavity腹腔Peritoneal cavity,greater sac腹膜腔，大囊Omenta bursa, lesser sac网膜囊，小囊Omental foramen, epiploic foramen网膜孔Mesentery肠系膜Lesser omentum小网膜Inguinal trigone腹股沟三角rectouterine pouch直肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹rectovesical pouch直肠膀胱陷凹*内分泌系统(Endocrine system)endocrine glands内分泌腺* thyroid gland甲状腺* parathyroid gland甲状旁腺inferior parathyroid gland下甲状旁腺* hypophysis, pituitary gland, pituitary body垂体pineal body松果体* suprarenal gland肾上腺thymus胸腺脉管系统(Vascular system)vascular system, angiological system脉管系统angiology脉管学circulatory system循环系统cardiovascular system心血管系统* heart心blood血液vessel管，脉管blood vessel血管arteriole小动脉arteriolovenular anastomsis小静脉vein (v.) 静脉cutaneous v.皮静脉superficial(deep) v. 浅(深)静脉accompanying v.伴行动脉venule小静脉venous valve静脉瓣venous plexus(rete)静脉丛(网)capillary毛细管心血管系统(Cardiovascular system)systemic circulation,greater circulation体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation肺循环，小循环fetal circulation胎血循环心(heart)cardiac apex(bace)心尖(底)cardiac apical incisure心尖切迹sternocostal(diaphragmatic) surface胸肋(膈)面pulmonary surface肺面right border右缘left border, obtuse margin左缘，钝缘inferior border, acute margin下缘，锐缘anterior (posterior) interventricular groove前(后)室间沟coronary sulcus冠状沟atrioventricular junction房室交点atrioventricular septum房室膈* cardiac ventricle心室interventricular septum室间隔muscular (membranous ) part肌(膜)部* cardiac atrium心房left (right) auricle of heart左(右)心耳interatrial (interauricular) septum房间膈left(right)atrioventricular orifice左(右)房室口cardiac m. 心肌pectinate m.梳状肌carbeous trabeculae肉柱papillary m.乳头肌tendinous cord腱索fibrous skeleton纤维支架left fibrous trigone左纤维三角架right fibrous trigone, central fibrous body左纤维三角left (right) fibrous ring左(右)纤维环endocardium心内膜right atrium右心房limiting sulcus, terminal groove界沟terminal crest界嵴sinus of vena cava 腔静脉窦oval fossa (foramen)卵圆孔border of ovalo fossa卵圆窝缘orifice of superior上(下)腔静脉口valve of inferior vena cava下腔静脉瓣orifice(valve)of coronary sinus冠状窦口right ventricle右心室right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid valve右房室瓣supraventricular crest室上嵴arterial cone动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice(valve)肺动脉口(瓣)nodules of semilunar valves半月瓣小节septomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱left atrium左心房orifice of pulmonary v.肺静脉口left ventricle左心室left atrioventricular valve, vicuspid valve 左房室瓣，二尖瓣aortic orifice (valve) 主动脉口(瓣)conduction system of heart心传导系统sinoatrial node窦房结hinternodal tract结间束atrioventricular node房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束left (right) bundle branch左(右)束支right coronary a.右冠状动脉Left coronary a.左冠状动脉anterior interventricular branch前室间支circumflex branch旋支cardiac v.心静脉coronary sinus冠状窦great cardiac v.心大静脉middle cardiac v.心中静脉small cardiac v.心小静脉* pericardium心包fibrous pericardium纤维心包serous pericardium浆膜心包parietal layer壁层visceral layer , epicardium脏层，心外膜cavity of pericardium心包腔动脉(Artery)* pulmonary trunk肺动脉干bifurcation of pulmonary trunk肺动脉叉left (right) pulmonary左(右)肺动脉arterial duct (lig.)动脉导管(韧带)* aorta主动脉ascending aorta升主动脉* brachiocephalic trunk头臂干* common carotid a.颈总动脉carotid sinus (bodies)颈动脉窦(小球)* internal carotid a.颈内动脉* external carotid a.颈外动脉superior thyroid甲状腺上动脉lingual (facial) a.舌(面)动脉occipital a.枕动脉posterior auricular a.耳后动脉superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉maxillary a.上颌动脉middle meningeal a.脑膜中动脉subclavicular a.锁骨下动脉vertebral a.椎动脉axillary a.腋动脉thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a.胸外侧动脉brachial a. 肱动脉radial a.桡动脉deep palmar arch掌深弓ulnar a.尺动脉cubital articular rete肘关节网superficial palmar arch掌浅弓common (proper) palmar digital a.指掌侧总(固有)动脉descending aorta降主动脉* Thoracic aorta胸主动脉posterior intercostal a.肋间后动脉subcostal a.肋下动脉* Abdominal aorta腹主动脉inferior phrenic a.膈下动脉median sacral a.骶正中动脉lumbar a.腰动脉c(o)eliac trunk腹腔干，腹腔动脉left (right) gastric a.胃左(右)动脉common hepatic a.肝总动脉proper hepatic a.肝固有动脉cystic a.胆囊动脉gastroduodenal a.胃十二指肠动脉left gastroepiploic a.胃网膜左动脉right gastroepiploic a.胃网膜右动脉splenic a.脾动脉。
人体解剖学常见名词解释
人体解剖学常见名词解释名词解释一．运动系统1．骨髓：充填在骨髓腔和骨松质的间隙内，分为红骨髓和黄骨髓两类，内含不同发育阶段的红细胞和某些白细胞及脂肪组织。
2．板障：颅盖骨表层为密质，分别称为内板和外板，二板之间的松质称板障，有板障静脉通过。
3．椎孔：椎体和椎弓共同围成一孔，称椎孔。
全部椎骨的椎孔连接成椎管。
椎管内容纳脊髓等。
4．椎间孔：椎弓根上、下缘各有一切迹，相邻椎骨的上、下切迹共同围成椎间孔，有脊神经和血管通过。
5．骶岬：骶骨底的前缘向前突出称为岬（骶岬），参与界线的组成。
6．骶角：骶管下端的裂孔称骶管裂孔，裂孔两侧有向下突出的角(是第5 骶椎的下关节突)，临床上以此来确定骶管裂孔位置。
7．肋弓：第8-10对肋骨的前端借肋软骨连于上位的肋软骨形成肋弓，常作为腹部触诊确定肝、脾位置的标志。
8．胸骨角：胸骨柄与胸骨体连接处微向前凸，称胸骨角，可在体表扪到，两侧平对第2肋，是计数肋的重要标志。
9．桡神经沟：肱骨体的后面中份有由上内向下外斜行的浅沟称为桡神经沟，有桡神经和肱深动、静脉经过。
10．翼点：颞窝前下部较簿，在额、顶、颞、蝶骨会合处最为薄弱，此处常构成“H”形的缝，称翼点。
其内面有脑膜中动脉前支通过。
11．关节囊：由致密结缔组织构成的包囊，分为外层的纤维层和内层的滑膜层两部分。
12. 椎间盘：相邻的两个椎体之间的纤维软骨盘，由中央部的髓核和周围的纤维环构成。
13. 黄韧带：连接相邻两个椎弓板之间的韧带，由弹性纤维构成，可协助围成椎管和限制脊柱过屈。
14. 骨盆：由骶骨、尾骨和左、右髋骨及其间的连结构成的骨环。
15. 腹直肌鞘：由腹前外侧壁三层阔肌的腱膜构成的包裹腹直肌的纤维性鞘。
16. 白线：位于腹前壁的正中，由腹直肌鞘纤维彼此交织形成的结构。
17．斜角肌间隙：前、中斜角肌与第1肋之间的空隙为斜角肌间隙，有锁骨下动脉和臂丛神经通过。
二．内脏学（消化系统）1．咽峡：由腭垂、腭帆游离缘、两侧的腭舌弓及舌根共同围成，是口腔通向咽的分界，也是口腔和咽之间的狭部。
常用解剖学英文词汇
常用解剖学英语词汇1绪论、骨及骨连结总论、躯干骨[] 骨['mæ]骨髓['ɔəm] 骨膜[kəm'pæ]骨密质['ʌʒɪ] 骨松质长骨椎骨['vəəl] ['ən] 椎孔['æəs] 寰椎['səəl] 颈椎['æ] 枢椎['lʌə] 腰椎[θɔ:'ræ]胸椎['kɔ] 尾骨['əəm] 胸骨['əm] 骶骨[] 肋[ɑ'ʃən] 关节2躯干骨连结、上肢骨及其连结['kɑləm] 脊柱[kə'næl]椎管胸廓['əmə] 韧带['æ] 锁骨['æə] 肩胛骨['ərəs] 肱骨['ʌə] 尺骨['əs] 桡骨['kɑəl] 腕骨[ə'kɑ] 掌骨['fælæʒ] 指骨肩关节肘关节腕关节3下肢骨及其连结[]髋骨['əm] 髂骨['əm] 坐骨['] 耻骨['ə] 股骨['ə] 胫骨['ə]腓骨['tɑ] 跗骨[ɑʃ] 足弓髋关节膝关节踝关节4颅骨及其连结[ʌl] 颅['ʌ] 额骨[pə'] 顶骨['ɔ] 蝶骨['ərəl] 颞骨[eθ'mɔ] 筛骨[mæk'ə] 上颌骨['mæ] 下颌骨['ɔ] 眶['əs] 额窦['ɔ] 蝶窦[mæk'ə] 上颌窦[ɔə'] 囟['ʃə] 缝['pɔfə] ：['fɔsə] 垂体窝['ən] ['mæəm] [ɔk'] 枕骨大孔5肌总论、头颈肌躯干肌['mʌ] 肌肉['ən] 腱[ə'əs] 斜方肌['ərə] 胸大肌['əəə'mæɔ] 胸锁乳突肌['əæm]膈['iŋəl] ：['əmə] 腹股沟韧带：[əb'] ['tə] [æb'dɔəl]腹外斜肌['ə] 白线6上、下肢肌['] [']肱二头肌['] 肱三头肌['ə] ：[tə'ə] 旋前圆肌['ɔ]三角肌[:':əs] ：['mæəs] 臀大肌['ɔ] ['ə] 股四头肌[pə'ə] 髌韧带7内脏学总论消化系统（一）：口腔—食管['dʒ] 消化系统['kæ] 口腔牙舌['sæə][æ]唾液腺['fæŋ]咽[i:'sɔfəgəs] 食管8消化系统（二）：胃—消化腺胃[:ə'əm] 十二指肠['] 小肠[dʒi'dʒəm] 空肠['əm] 回肠大肠['əm] 盲肠['vəɔ] [ə'] 阑尾['ɔ] ['kəən]乙状结肠结肠['əm]直肠肝['pæ]肝管['gɔædə] 胆囊[] 胆总管胆汁['pæŋəs] 胰。
医学解剖学专业英语词汇
医学解剖学专业英语词汇abnormal 异常anatomical position 人体的标准解剖学姿势caudal 尾侧central 中央computed tomography, CT X线连续断层图cranial 颅侧distal 远侧proximal 近侧dorsal 背侧ventral 腹侧medial 内侧lateral 外侧anterior 前posterior 后external 外internal 内profundal 深superficial 浅inferior 下superior 上ulnar 尺侧radial 桡侧fibular 腓侧tibial 胫侧frontal axis 冠状轴frontal plane 冠状面horizontal 水平horizontal plane 水平面sagittal axis 矢状轴sagittal plane 矢状面vertical 垂直vertical axis 垂直轴locomotive anatomy 运动解剖学macroanatomy 巨视解剖学microanatomy 微视解剖学sectional anatomy 断层解剖学su***ce anatomy 表面解剖学surgical anatomy 外科解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学topographic anatomy 局部解剖学variation 变异x-ray anatomy X线解剖学Chapter 1 Osteologybony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔calvaria 颅盖femoral head 股骨头femur 股骨fibula 腓骨neck of femur 股骨颈neck of fibula 腓骨颈neck of radius 桡骨颈fibular head 腓骨头acetabulum髋臼gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹greater trochanter 大转子greater tubercle 大结节deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆adductor tubercle 收肌结节 intercondylar fossa 髁间窝intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起hip bone 髋骨iliac crest 髂嵴iliac fossa 髂窝ilium 髂骨ischial spine 坐骨棘ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节ischium 坐骨 lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹lesser trochanter 小转子linea aspera 粗线anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘arcuate line弓状线humerus 肱骨capitulum of humerus 肱骨小头acromion 肩峰coracoid process 喙突anatomical neck 解剖颈coronoid process 冠突olecranon 鹰嘴head of humerus 肱骨头head of radius 桡骨头head of ulna 尺骨头lunate bone 月骨lunate su***ce 月状面metacarpal bones 掌骨lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 intervertebral foramina 椎间孔lumbar vertebrae 腰椎Luschka 钩椎关节cervical vertebrae 颈椎atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎coccyx 尾骨body of sternum 胸骨体calvicle 锁骨manubrium sterni 胸骨柄bone marrow 骨髓lateral malleolus 外踝calcaneus 跟骨 intermedius cuneiform bone 中间楔骨medial cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 外侧楔骨navicular bone 足舟骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨capitulum 小头carotid canal 颈动脉管carpal bones 腕骨capitate bone 头状骨cellules 小房clivus 斜坡coronasl suture 冠状缝costal cartilage 肋软骨osteoporosis 骨质疏松costal groove 肋沟costal angle 肋角costal arch 肋弓costal bone 肋骨costal head 肋头costal neck 肋颈costal tubercle 肋结节cranial fontanelles 颅囟crest 嵴metaphysic 干骺端lateral condyle 外侧髁lateral epicondyle 外上髁articular process 关节突articular tubercle 关节结节long bone 长骨compact bone 骨密质diaphysis, shaft 骨干flat bone 扁骨diplöe 板障medial epicondyle 内上髁medial malleolus 内踝medial condyle 内侧髁endosteum 骨内膜condyle 髁epicondyle 上髁lesser tubercle 小结节lesser wing 小翼epiphysis 骺epiphysial line 骺线epiphysil cartilage 骺软骨irregular bone 不规则骨glenoid cavity 关节盂ethmoid bone 筛骨alveolar process 牙槽突angle of mandible 下颌角anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝anterior fontanelle 前囟(额囟)antrum 房aperture 口ethmoidal cellules 筛小房ethmoidal sinuses 筛窦external occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸foramen magnum 枕骨大孔foramen lacerum 破裂孔foramen ovale 卵圆孔foramen rotundum 圆孔foramen spinosum 棘孔fovea 凹foveola 小凹frontal process 额突frontal sinus 额窦frontal bone 额骨greater wing 大翼hamate bone 钩骨head of mandible 下颌头head 头hiatus 裂孔hyoid bone 舌骨hypophysial fossa 垂体窝impression 压迹inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲inferior orbitaljissure 眶下裂infraorbital foramen 眶下孔infraspinous fossa 冈下窝infratemporal fossa 颞下窝internal acoustic pore 内耳门internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆凸jugular notch 颈静脉切迹jugular foramen 颈静脉孔lacrimal bone 泪骨lambdoid suture 人字缝mandible 下颌骨mandibular foramen 下颌孔mandibular fossa 下颌窝mastoid process 乳突maxilla 上颌骨maxillary sinus 上颌窦meatus 道medullary cavity 髓腔mental foramen 颏孔middle cranial fossa 颅中窝masal bone 鼻骨nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管neck of mandible 下颌颈obturator foramen 闭孔occipital bone 枕骨optic cana 视神经管oral cavity 骨性口腔orbit 眶palatine bone 腭骨palatine process 腭突paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦parietal bone 顶骨patella 髌骨pecten pubis 耻骨梳TOPliflash@ 2008-09-23 00:55 |只看楼主 3# 字体大小: t Tpedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根periosteum 骨膜petrous part 「pyramid」岩部(锥体)phalanges of fingers 指骨phalanges of toes, bones of toes 趾骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨pneumatic bone 含气骨prominent vertebra 隆椎posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝posterior fontanel 后囟(枕囟)posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘promontory 岬pterion 翼点pterygoid canal 翼管pterygoid process 翼突pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝pubic tubercle 耻骨结节pubis 耻骨radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆radius 桡骨ramus of mandible 下颌支red bone marrow 红骨髓ribs 肋sacral cornu 骶角sacral hiatus 骶管裂孔sacrum, sacral bone 骶骨sagittal suture 矢状缝scaphoid bone 手舟骨scapula 肩胛骨sesamoid bone 籽骨shaft of rib 肋体short bone 短骨skull 颅sphenoid bone 蝶骨sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦spine 棘spine of scapula 肩胛冈spinous process 棘突spongy bone 骨松质squamous part 鳞部sternal angle 胸骨角sternum 胸骨styloid process 尺骨茎突stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔styloid process 茎突subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝sulcus for radial nerve 桡神经沟superior orbital fissure 眶上裂superior, middle and inferior nasal meatus 上、中、下鼻道supraspinous fossa 冈上窝surgical neck 外科颈sumphysial su***ce 耻骨联合面talus 距骨tarsal bones 跗骨temporal bone 颞骨thoracic vertebrae 胸椎tibia 胫骨tibial tuberosity 胫骨粗隆trabeculae 骨小梁transverse foramen 横突孔transverse process 横突trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨triquetral bone 三角骨trochlear notch 滑车切迹trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节tympanic part 鼓部ulna 尺骨ulnar tuberosity 尺骨粗隆uncus corporis vertebrae 椎体钩vertebral canal 椎管vertebrae 椎骨vertebral aech 椎弓vertebral body 椎体vertrbral foramen 椎孔vomer 犁骨xiphoid process 剑突yellow bone marrow 黄骨髓zygomatic process 颧突zygomatic bone 颧骨chapter 2 Arthrologyabduction 展acetabular labrum 髋臼唇acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节adduction 收ankle joint 踝关节annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带anterior atlantooccipital membrane 寰枕前膜anterior cruciate ligament 前交叉韧带anterior longtitudinal ligament 前纵韧带anterior talofibular ligament距腓前韧带annulus fibrosus纤维环articular capsule关节囊articular cartilage关节软骨articular cavity关节腔articular disc 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular su***ce 关节面articulation 关节atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节ball-and-xocket joint 球窝关节bifurcate ligament 分歧韧带calcaneocubiod joint 跟骰关节calcaneofibular ligament 跟腓韧带carpometacarpal joint 腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节cartilage 软骨cartilaginous joint 软骨连结chondrocyte 软骨细胞circumduction 环转coracoacromial ligament 喙肩韧带costotransverse joint 肋横突关节costovertebral joint 肋椎关节cruciate ligaments 膝交叉韧带distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节dorsiflexion 背屈elbow joint 肘关节ellipsoidal joint 椭圆关节extension 伸fibrous joint 纤维连结fibrous membrane 纤维膜fibular collateral ligament 腓侧副韧带flexion 屈greater pelvis 大骨盆hinge joint 屈戌关节hip joint 髋关节humeroradial joint 肱桡关节humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节iliofemoral ligament 髂股韧带iliolumbar ligament 髂腰韧带intercarpal joint 腕骨间关节intermetacarpal joint 掌骨间关节intermetatarsal joint 跖骨间关节interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜interphalangeal joint 指骨间关节interphalangeal joint 趾骨间关节interspinal ligament 棘间韧带intertarsal joint 跗骨间关节intertransverse ligament 横突间韧带intervertebral disc 椎间盘ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带joint of costal head 肋头关节joints of foot 足关节joints of hand 手关节knee joint 膝关节lateral ligament 外侧韧带lateral meniscus 外侧半月板lateral rotation 旋外lesser pelvis 小骨盆ligament 韧带ligament of the head of the femur 股骨头韧带ligamenta flava 黄韧带ligamentum nuchae 项韧带medial ligament 内侧韧带medial meniscus 内侧半月板medial rotation 旋内menisci 半月板metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节nucleus pulposus 髓核oblique popliteal ligament 腘斜韧带obturator canal 闭膜管obturator membrane 闭孔膜patellar ligament 髌韧带TOPliflash@ 2008-09-23 00:55 |只看楼主 4# 字体大小: t Tpelvis 骨盆plane joint 平面关节plantar calcaneonavicular ligament 跟舟足底韧带plantar flexion 跖屈posterior atlantooccipital membrane 寰枕后膜posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带posterior longitudinal ligament 后纵韧带posterior talofibular ligament 距腓后韧带pronation 旋前proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节pubic symphysis 耻骨联合pubofemoral ligament 耻股韧带radial collateral ligament 桡侧副韧带radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节rotation 旋转sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带sellar joint 鞍状关节shoulder joint 肩关节spring ligament 跳跃韧带sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节sternocostal joint 胸肋关节subtalar joint 距下关节supination 旋后suprsaspinal ligament 棘上韧带suture 缝symphysis 纤维软骨联合synchondrosis 软骨结合syndesmosis 韧带连结synostosis 骨性结合synovial bursa 滑膜囊synovial fluid 滑液synovial fold 滑膜襞synovial joint 滑膜关节synovial membrane 滑膜talocalcaneal joint 距跟关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节talacrural joint 距小腿关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节thorax 胸廓tibial collateral ligament 胫侧副韧带translation 移动transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节trochoid joint 车轴关节ulnar collageral ligament 尺侧副韧带vertebral column 脊柱wrist joint 腕关节zygapohpyseal joint 关节突关节Chapter 3 Myology abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌abductor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌abductor pollicis longus 拇长展肌adductor brevis 短收肌adductor canal 收肌管adductor longus 长收肌adductor magnus 大收肌adductor pollicis 拇收肌adductor tendinous opening 收肌腱裂孔agonist 原动肌antagonist 拮抗肌aocitic hiatus 主动脉裂孔aponeurosis 腱膜arcuate line 弓状线axillary fossa 腋窝axillary sheath 腋鞘biceps brachii 肱二头肌biceps femoris 股二头肌brachialis 肱肌brachioradialis 肱桡肌buccinator 颊肌carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘carpal canal 腕管central tendon 中心腱clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜common extensor tendon 伸肌总腱common flexor tendon 屈肌总腱conjoint tendon 联合腱coracobrachialis 喙肱肌cubital fossa 肘窝deep fascial 深筋膜deep inguinal ring 腹股沟管深(腹)环deltoid 三角肌deltopectoral groove 三角胸肌间沟diaphragm 膈digastric 二腹肌dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌epicranius 颅顶肌erector spinae 竖脊肌(骶棘肌)esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌extensor digitorum 指伸肌extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌extensor expansion 指背腱膜extensor hallucis longus 踇长伸肌extensor indicis 示指伸肌extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌external intercostals membrane 肋间外膜fascia 筋膜fascia lata 阔筋膜femoral canal 股管femoral ring 股环femoral *** 股三角fibrous layer 纤维层fibrous sheath of tendon 腱纤维鞘fixator 固定肌fixed attachment 定点flat muscle 扁肌flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌flexor digiti minimi brevis 小指短屈肌flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌flexor hallucis longus 踇长屈肌flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌frontal belly额腹gluteus medius臀中肌gluteus minimus臀小肌galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜gastrocnemius腓肠肌geniohyoid颏舌骨肌gluteus maximus臀大肌gracilis股薄肌hypothenar小鱼际iliacus髂肌iliopectineal arch髂耻弓iliopsoas 髂腰肌infrapiriformis foramen 梨状肌下孔infraspinatus 冈下肌inguinal cannal 腹股沟管inguinal falx 腹股沟镰inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带inguinal 「Hesselbach」 trangle 腹股沟(海氏)三角insertion 止点intercostals externi 肋间外肌intercostals interni 肋间内肌intercostals intimi 肋间最内肌internal intercostals membrane 肋间内膜lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带(陷窝韧带)lateral pterygoid 翼外肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌levator scapulae 肩胛提肌linea alba 白线long muscle 长肌lumbocostal *** 腰肋三角lumbricales 蚓状肌masseter 咬肌medial pterygoid 翼内肌mesotendon 腱系膜movable attachment 动点muscle 肌muscle belly 肌腹muscle tendinous stuff 肌腱袖mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌obturator externus 闭孔外肌obturator internus 闭孔内肌occipital belly 枕腹omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌opponens digiti minimi 小指对掌肌opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌orbicular muscle 轮匝肌orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌origin 起点palmar aponeurosis 掌腱膜palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌palmaris longus 掌长肌pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带pectineus 耻骨肌pectoralis major 胸大肌pectoralis minor 胸小肌peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌peroneus longus 腓骨长肌peroneus tertius 第三腓骨肌piriformis 梨状肌platysma 颈阔肌popliteal fossa 腘窝popliteus 腘肌pronator quadratus 旋前方肌pronator teres 旋前圆肌psoas major 腰大肌psoas minor 腰小肌quadratus femoris 股方肌quadratus lumborum 腰方肌quadriceps femoris 股四头肌TOPliflash@ 2008-09-23 00:55 |只看楼主 5# 字体大小: t Tquadrilateral foramen 四边孔rectus abdominis 腹直肌rhomboideus 菱形肌sartorius 缝匠肌scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙scalene anerior 前斜角肌scalenus medius 中斜角肌scalenus posterior 后斜角肌semimembranosus 半膜肌semitendinosus 半腱肌serratus anterior 前锯肌sesamoid bone 籽骨sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘short muscle 短肌soleus 比目鱼肌splenius 夹肌sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌sternocostal *** 胸肋三角sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌stenothyroid胸骨甲状肌stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌subscapularis肩胛下肌superficial fascia浅筋膜superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅(皮下)环supinator 旋后肌suprapiriformis foramen 梨状肌上孔supraspinatus 冈上肌synergist 协同肌synovial bursa 滑膜囊synovial layer 滑膜层synovial sheath of tendon 腱滑膜鞘temporalis 颞肌tendinous intersection 腱划tendinous sheath 腱鞘tendo calcaneus 跟腱tendon 肌腱tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌teres major 大圆肌teres minor 小圆肌thenar 鱼际thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌transverse fascia 腹横筋膜transverses thoracis 胸横肌transverses abdominis 腹横肌trapezius 斜方肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌trilateral foramen 三边孔vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔vincula tendinum 键纽voluntary muscle 随意肌TOPliflash@ 2008-09-23 00:55 |只看楼主 6# 字体大小: t Tquadrilateral foramen 四边孔rectus abdominis 腹直肌rhomboideus 菱形肌sartorius 缝匠肌scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙scalene anerior 前斜角肌scalenus medius 中斜角肌scalenus posterior 后斜角肌semimembranosus 半膜肌semitendinosus 半腱肌serratus anterior 前锯肌sesamoid bone 籽骨sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘short muscle 短肌soleus 比目鱼肌splenius 夹肌sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌sternocostal *** 胸肋三角sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌stenothyroid胸骨甲状肌stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌subscapularis肩胛下肌superficial fascia浅筋膜superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅(皮下)环supinator 旋后肌suprapiriformis foramen 梨状肌上孔supraspinatus 冈上肌synergist 协同肌synovial bursa 滑膜囊synovial layer 滑膜层synovial sheath of tendon 腱滑膜鞘temporalis 颞肌tendinous intersection 腱划tendinous sheath 腱鞘tendo calcaneus 跟腱tendon 肌腱tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌teres major 大圆肌teres minor 小圆肌thenar 鱼际thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌transverse fascia 腹横筋膜transverses thoracis 胸横肌transverses abdominis 腹横肌trapezius 斜方肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌trilateral foramen 三边孔vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔vincula tendinum 键纽voluntary muscle 随意肌 2、关节学 (arthrology) synosteology 关节学，关节解剖学articulation 连结，关节joint 关节，连结synovial joints 滑膜关节fibrous 纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结suture 缝cartilaginous joints 软骨连结synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨)结合symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性结合articular surface (cavity) 关节面(腔)articular disk 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule 关节囊fibrous layer (membrane) 纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜synovial fold (villi) 滑膜襞synovial fluid 滑液ligament (lig.) 韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action 动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.) 收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外) pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.) 旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后circumduction 环转运动中轴骨骼的连结 (Joints of the Axial Skeleton)vertebral joints 椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig. 棘间韧带intertransverse lig. 横突间韧带supraspinous lig. 棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis 椎间联合interverbral discs 椎间盘Fibrous rings 纤维环Pulpiform nucleus 髓核Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal 前后韧带Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结Costovertebral joints 肋椎关节Joint of costal head 肋头关节Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节Sternocostal joints 胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture 人字缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节附肢骨骼的连结 (Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton)joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结coracoacromial lig. 喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig. 喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint 肩关节Elbow joint 肘关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节Joints of hand 手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig. 骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大(小)孔Pelvis 骨盆Terminal line 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch 耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint 髋关节Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Knee joint 膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee 膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig. 后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig. 腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella 髌韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint, ankle joint 距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内(外) 侧纵弓transverse arch 横弓一般解剖学术语 (General Anatomical Terms)dissection，dissect (v.) 解剖，解剖标本normality， normal (a.) 正常abnormality , abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity, malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型3. 方位术语 (Positional Terms) anatomical position 解剖学姿势(1) 方位的形容词(positional adjectives) inferior, lower 下superior, upper 上anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧medial (lateral) 内(外)侧intermediate 中间internal, interior, inner, inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 外superficial 浅deep, profound 深proximal (distal) 近(远)侧ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中(2) 轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis 垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴sagittal axis 矢状轴plane (平)面horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面sagittal plane 矢状面median sagittal plane 正中矢状面transverse section 横切面longitudinal section 纵切面4. 人体的分部和分区(Toponym and Zonation of the Humanbody)头 (Head)heat 头(的)Skull，craniun，cranial (a.) 颅front, frontal, region 额区perietal region 顶区occiput, occipital region 枕区Face, facial (a.) 面orbit, orbital region 眶区nose, nasal region 鼻区mouth, oral region 口区chin, mental region 颌区ear, auditory region 耳区颈 (Neck)neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈anterior region of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区carotid triangle 颈动脉三角muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈后区,项区nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项root of neck 颈根部躯干 (Trunk)trunk, truncus 躯干Median anterior line 前正中线sternal line 胸骨线parasternal line 胸骨旁线midclavicular line 锁骨中线anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后)线midaxillary line 腋中线scapular line 肩胛线median posterior line 后正中线Back, dorsal 背vertebral region 脊柱区sacral region 骶区scapular region 肩胛下区lumbar region 腰Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸sternal region 胸骨(前)区infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹Hypochondriac 季肋区epigastric region 腹上区lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区umbilical region 脐区inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区，髂区inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区，腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴anal region 肛区urogenital region 尿生殖区四肢 (Limbs)limbs, extremities 四肢Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢Shoulder 肩axilla, axillary region 腋区Free upper limb 自由上肢arm,brachial (a.) 臂anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前(后)区elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前臂前(后)区hand, manual (a.) 手wrist, carpal (a.) 腕palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌back (palm) of hand 手背(掌)finger, digital (a.) 手指thumb 拇指index finger 示指middle finger 中指ring finger 环指little finger 小指Lower limb 下肢hip, coxal (a.) 髋buttock, gluteal region 臀区Free lower limb 自由下肢anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前(后)区femoral triangle 股三角medial region of thigh 股内侧区knee, geniculate (a.) 膝anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前(后)区leg, crural (a.) 小腿anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前(后)区foot, pedal (a.) 足dorsum of foot 足背sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底toes 足趾great toe 足母趾二、各章解剖学词汇* (一)运动系统(Locomotor System)1(骨学 (Osteology )osteology 骨学* bone，bony 骨skeleton，skletal (a.) 骨骼long (short，flat) bone 长(短，扁)骨irregular bone 不规则骨pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone 籽骨，shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体bony(osseous)substance 骨质compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质trabeculae 骨小梁periosteum (外)膜endosteum 骨内膜medullary 髓腔red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱* vertebral canal 椎管intervertebral foramen 椎间孔cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral) curvature 颈(胸，腰，骶)曲vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓) pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板vertebral foramen 椎孔spinous process 棘突transverse process 横突superior (inferior) articular process 上(下) 关节突cervical vertebrae 颈椎atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎prominent vertebrae 隆椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨coccyx 尾骨thoracic cavity 胸腔superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口costal arch 肋弓intercostals space 肋间隙infrasternal angle 胸骨下角* ribs ,costa(costae) 肋* sternum 胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)Xiphoid process 剑突颅骨(skull)cerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中，后)窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨状孔，鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle前(后)外侧囟cranial bones 脑颅骨occipital bone 枕骨large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线sulcus for transverse sinus, transverse sulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆，棘)孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道jugular fossa 颈静脉窝styloid process 茎突stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔facial canal 面神经管external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)frontal bone 额骨frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔)facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨* mandible 下颌骨ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角)masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton)shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下，外侧)缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下，外侧)角glenoid cavity关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结节嵴sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴 (冠突，桡)窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 桡骨head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* uana 尺骨olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone 手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triangular bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨capitate bone 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩Metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨proximal (middle, distal) phalanx近(中，远)指(或趾)骨下肢骨 (Bones of lower limb)pelvic girdle 下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone 髋骨acetabulum 髋臼acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹) obturator foramen 闭孔* Ilium 髂骨body (ala) of ilium 髂骨体(翼)arcuate line 弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle 髂结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂前上(下)棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface 耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小) 切迹* Pubis 耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis 耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur 股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line 耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface腘面medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨* tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁Fibula,perone 腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones 跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus 跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨 3(肌学 (mycology) muscle (m.) 肌肉cardiac muscle 心肌。
解剖学词汇
解剖学词汇.txt求而不得，舍而不能，得而不惜，这是人最大的悲哀。
付出真心才能得到真心，却也可能伤得彻底。
保持距离也就能保护自己，却也注定永远寂寞。
解剖学(Anatomy)词汇autonomic nervous system 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉植物性神经系统，自主神经系internal capsule 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉内囊kidney 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肾脏lingual n. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉舌神经sacral plexus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉骶丛sympathetic 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉交感的brachiocephalic trunk 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉头臂干brain 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉脑heart 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉lumbar vertebra 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腰椎lung 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肺occipital lobe 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉枕叶patella 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉髌骨penis 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉阴茎peritoneum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腹膜reticular formation 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉网状结构sclera 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉巩膜stomach 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胃superior colliculus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉上丘thoracic vertebra 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胸椎tibia 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胫骨articular capsule 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉关节囊Blood vessel system 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉carpus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腕骨external ear 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉外耳facial n. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉面神经hip bone 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉髋骨inguinal ligament 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腹股沟韧带lateral ventricle 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉侧脑室locus ceruleus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉蓝斑lymphatic system 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉淋巴系nervous system 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉神经系统nucleus ambiguous 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉疑核orbita 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉眶pelvis 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉骨盆pons 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉脑桥spinothalamic tract 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉脊髓丘脑束sternum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胸骨submandibular gland 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉下颌下腺substantia nigra 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉黑质anatomy 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉解剖学duodenum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉十二指肠internal carotid a. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉颈内动脉intervertebral disc 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉椎间盘levator ani m. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肛提肌nucleus proprius cornu posterior 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉后角固有核occipital bone 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉枕骨palate 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腭postcentral gyrus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉中央后回pubic symphysis 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉耻骨联合pyramidal tract 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉锥体束sensory neuron 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉感觉神经元telencephalon 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉端脑aorta 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉主动脉biceps brachii m. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肱二头肌capillary 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉毛细血管cardiac apex 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉心尖frontal bone 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉额骨ganglion 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉神经节interatrial septum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉房间隔lymphatic trunk 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉淋巴干pleura 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胸膜pubis 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉耻骨red nucleus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉红核small intestine 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉小肠cartilage 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉软骨iliopsoas m. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉motor neuron 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉运动神经元pia mater 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉软脑膜posterior funiculus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉后索talocrural (ankle) joint 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉距骨小腿(踝)关节thoracic duct 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胸导管tibial n. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胫神经atrioventricular bundle 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉房室束atrium 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉心房axillary a. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腋动脉basilic v. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉贵要静脉bronchus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉支气管central nervous system 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉中枢神经系统 gall bladder 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胆囊gray substance 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉灰质interventricular septum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉室间隔large intestine 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉大肠lip 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉唇liver 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肝lumbar plexus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腰丛mamma (breast) 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉乳房mandible 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉下颌骨medial lemniscus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉内侧丘系nasal septum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉鼻中隔neuron 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉神经元nucleus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉细胞核，神经核parietal bone 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉顶骨parietal lobe 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉顶叶pharynx 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉咽posterior horn 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉后角precentral gyrus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉中央前回pylorus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉幽门radius 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉挠骨sacrum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉骶骨sagittal plane 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉矢状面scapula 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肩胛骨skeleton 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉骨骼spermatic cord 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉精索sphenoid bone 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉蝶骨spleen 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉脾subarachnoid space 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉蛛网膜下腔synapse 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉突触temporal lobe 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉颞叶basal nuclei 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉基底核bone 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉骨brachial plexus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉臂丛central gray substance 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉中央灰质 fasciculus gracilis 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉薄束femoral n. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉股神经fibula 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腓骨hippocampus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉海马ilium 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉髂骨ligament 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉韧带maxilla 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉上颌骨mesentery 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肠系膜nasal cavity 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉鼻腔ovary 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉卵巢peripheral nervous system 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉周围神经系统pupil 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉瞳孔sense organ 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉感觉器官accessory n. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉副神经brain stem 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉脑干caecum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉盲肠diencephalon 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉间脑larynx 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉喉lateral funiculus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉外侧索nerve 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉神经nucleus posteromarginalis 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉后角边缘核oesophagus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉食道parasympathetic 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉副交感的prostate 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉前列腺retina 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉视网膜scrotum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉阴囊temporal bone 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉颞骨thalamus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉丘脑anatomy 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉解剖学anterior horn 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉前角anus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肛门arachnoid 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉蛛网膜associate neuron 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉联络神经元atrioventricular node 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉房室结ductus deferens 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉输精管eyeball 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉眼球fascia 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉筋膜femoral a. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉股动脉femur 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉股骨greater omentum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉大网膜humerus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肱骨inferior colliculus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉下丘 inferior vena cava 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉下腔静脉 insula 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉岛叶iris 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉虹膜jejunum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉空肠lesser omentum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉小网膜anterior cerebral a. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉大脑前动脉horizontal plane 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉ischium 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉坐骨joint cavity 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉关节腔laterior horn 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉外侧角lymph vessel 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉淋巴管muscle 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肌perineum 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉会阴sternocleidomastoid m. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉胸锁乳突肌superior vena cava 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉上腔静脉anal canal 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉肛管artery 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉动脉auditory tube 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉咽鼓管axillary n. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腋神经carpal canal 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉腕管diaphragm 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉膈Edinger Westphal nucleus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉 E W核 endocrine gland 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉内分泌腺fasciculus cuneatus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉楔束frontal lobe 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉额叶genital organs 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉生殖器 hypothalamus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉丘脑下部，下丘脑 ileocaecal valve 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉回盲瓣 midbrain, mesencephalon 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉中脑radial a. 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉桡动脉spinal cord 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉脊髓tendo calcaneus 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉跟腱tongue 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉舌angiology 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉脉管学auricle 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉耳廓cardiac orifice 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉贲门lens 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉晶体neuroglia 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉神经胶质nucleus solitarius 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉孤束核thyroid gland 〈解剖学 Anatomy〉甲状腺。
解剖学常用词语
解剖学常用词语背侧、腹侧、前面、后面、内侧、外侧、近心端、远心端、深层、浅层、横切面、失状面、冠状面额状切面第一节半索动物半索动物属于在分类上有争议的一个类群。
一、大约有50种均为海产。
二、代表动物——柱头虫一有两条纵走的神经索有一条腹神经索和一条背神经索。
背神经索在“领”中的部分有空腔相当于背神经管的雏形。
二消化管前端咽壁的背侧有许多对鳃裂。
三口上方向前伸出一条短盲管——口索。
四柱头虫其他特征1栖息于太平洋沿岸浅海泥沙中生活方式与蚯蚓相似。
最长的个体可以超过两尺。
2雌雄异体。
变态发育幼体与棘皮动物相似。
是介于顾鞫 镉爰 ざ 镏 涞墓 衫嘈汀?三、口索的起源与分类地位的确定一有学者认为口索可能是最初出现的脊索因此认为半索动物属于脊索动物门的一个亚门。
二有学者认为口索不是脊索的同源器官口索很可能是内分泌系统的一个器官。
而且柱头虫具有许多无脊椎动物的特征如具有腹神经索、开放式循环系统、肛在身体末端等特点。
因此认为半索动物的分类地位应该是位于无脊椎动物与脊索动物之间的一个独立的“门”。
第二节脊索动物门一、脊索动物门的主要特征一有脊索位于消化道背面神经管下方。
在胚胎发育过程中由原肠背侧的一部分中胚层细胞离开肠管而形成。
有弹性、不分节有支撑身体的作用。
低等脊索动物终生具有脊索有的类群中脊素则仅见于幼体脊椎动物仅在胚胎期出现后被更坚固且分节的脊柱取代。
二有背神经管脊索动物神经系统的中枢部分呈管状位于身体的背中线上脊索或脊柱就在它的下面。
背神经管由外胚层细胞下陷卷褶发育成。
在脊椎动物中最终将发育成中枢神经系统的脑和脊髓。
三有咽鳃裂位于消化管咽部左右两侧壁上成对排列。
裂孔直接或间接与外界相通。
咽壁上有丰富的毛细血管可以进行气体交换是呼吸器官。
在低等水栖类群中终生存无脊椎动物脊索动物在在高等类群则只见于某些幼体和胚胎时期随后完全消失或变成其他结构。
无脊椎动物与脊椎动物的主要区别无脊椎动物脊索动物神经系统神经索位于消化道下方神经管位于消化道上方脊索和鳃裂无有循环系统心脏在消化道上方多数开管式循环。
人体解剖学英语单词
人体解剖学英语单词运动系统(1)anatomy 解剖学locomotor system 运动系统skeleton 骨骼joint关节ligament韧带(2)Vertebra 椎骨sacrum 骶骨sternal angle 胸骨角rib 肋骨thorax 胸廓(3)Skull 头盖骨facial bones面颅cranial bones颅骨frontal bone额骨temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节(4)Scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节(5)Hip bone髋骨femur股骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨knee joint 膝关节消化系统(1)alimentary system消化系统oral cavity口腔tongue舌pharynx 咽esophagus食管(2)Stomach胃small intestine小肠rectum直肠liver肝pancreas 胰腺呼吸系统respiratory system呼吸系统larynx喉bronchus支气管trachea气管lung肺泌尿系统urinary system泌尿系统kidney肾ureter 输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra尿道生殖系统Genital system生殖系统testis睾丸prostate前列腺ovary卵巢uterus子宫脉管系统cardiovascular system心血管系统atrium心房ventricle心室mitral valve二尖瓣coronary artery冠状动脉pulmonary a 肺动脉aorta主动脉common carotid a 颈总动脉celiac trunk 腹腔干common iliac a髂总动脉视器Cornea 角膜iris虹膜retina 视网膜lens 晶状体conjunctiva结膜前庭蜗器vestibulocochlear organ前庭蜗器auricle耳廓external acoustic meatus外耳道tympanic cavity鼓室labyrinth迷路神经系统nucleus神经核ganglion神经节olfactory nerve嗅神经optic nerve视神经oculomotor nerve动眼神经trochlear nerve 滑车神经trigeminal nerve三叉神经abducent nerve 展神经vagus nerve迷走神经hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经phrenic n 膈神经brachial plexus臂丛sciatic n 坐骨神经sympathetic trunk交感干parasympathetic n 副交感神经脊髓spinal cord 脊髓conus medullaris脊髓圆锥cervical enlargement颈膨大lumbosacral enlargement腰骶膨大cauda equina马尾脑干brain stem 脑干medulla oblongata 延髓pons 脑桥midbrain 中脑rhomboid fossa菱形窝间脑、小脑、端脑、脑脊膜、脑血管、脑脊液Cerebellum 小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑telencephalon端脑cerebral spinal fluid脑脊液注：Skull 不肯定。
人体解剖有关词汇
头部词汇头发hair头head脑brain大脑cerebrum大脑半球cerebral hemisphere 大脑皮层cerebal cortex头顶crown脸face额头forehead太阳穴temple鬓角temples耳ear耳垂earlobe耳骨ear bones耳鼓the ear drum耳孔earhole耳廓auricle耳屏tragus耳屎earwax耳蜗cochlea眼eye眼睑lid眉毛eyebrow眼球eyeball睫毛eyelash瞳孔pupil眼泪tear眼屎gum鼻梁bridge of the nose鼻子nose鼻尖nose tip鼻毛vibrissa鼻翼wing of nose鼻孔nosetril鼻涕nasal mucus脸颊cheek嘴mouth嘴唇lip上唇upper lip下唇lower lip唇角labial angle口水slaver上颚upper jaw 下颚lower jaw颚骨jawbone牙齿tooth牙龈gum牙垢dental calculus槽牙,大牙molar门牙front tooth齿根root of teeth舌头tongue假牙denture络腮胡子whisker山羊胡beard小胡子,髭mustache下巴chin秃头bald head鬓角sideburns皱纹wrinkle痣mole雀斑freckle酒涡dimple粉刺pimple额骨frontal bone额角frontal eminence舌根the root of the tongue 鼓膜eardrum上颌the upper jaw下颌the lower jaw喉结Adam’s apple呼吸系统respiratory system 呼吸道respiratory tract大脑cerebrum后脑hindbrain小脑cerebellum脑壳skull脑浆brains太阳穴the temples瞳孔pupil牙龈gum眼皮eyelid牙垢tartar颈部、胸腹部词汇咽喉throat发音器官vocal organs扁桃腺tonsil痰phlegm脖子neck脖颈儿nape汗水sweat胸部chest乳头nipple乳房breast肚子paunch(儿语)肚子tummy肚皮(方言)belly肚脐navel腹部abdomen器官organ气管windpipe肺lung心脏heart食道gullet胃stomach肚,肚子tripe肝liver脾spleen肾脏kidney胆gall胰腺pancreas隔膜diaphragm肠intestine大肠large intestine小肠small intestine十二指肠duodenum盲肠,阑尾,附件appendix 直肠rectum腓肠calf (sura)肠绒毛intestinal villus肠衣casing肠液intestinal juice肛门anus贲门cardia大便,屎stool大便shit小便piss尿urine尿道urethra处女膜hymen 性别sex卵巢ovary子宫womb阴道vagina产道birth canal阴茎penis睾丸testicle阴囊scrotum血管blood vessel静脉vein动脉artery尺动脉ulnar artery毛细血管capillary神经nerve脊髓spinal marrow肩膀shoulder背back腰waist臀部hip屁股buttock骨bone颅骨,头盖骨skull锁骨collarbone坐骨,髋骨hipbone肋骨rib脊柱backbone胸骨breastbone骨盆pelvis骨骼,骨架skeleton尺骨ulna关节joint腱,筋肉sinew肌肉muscle二头肌musculus腹股沟groin腹腔abdominal cavity夹肢窝armpit骨架skeleton (framework)骨盆pelvis寒毛fine hair on the human body 汗sweat怀抱bosom脚踝ankle脊梁骨backbone脊柱spine脊椎vertebra脊髓spinal cord苦胆gall bladder阑尾appendix肋骨rib直肠rectum肘窝fossa cubitalis四肢、手足部词汇四肢limb手臂,胳膊arm手掌palm手背back手腕wrist肘elbow腋下armpit手指finger大拇指thumb食指forefinger中指middle finger无名指third finger小指little finger指甲nail簸箕（指纹）loop拳头fist指关节knuckle腿leg大腿thigh (lap)膝盖骨kneecap膝关节knee joint胫,胫骨shin长骨long bone小腿shank膝盖knee小腿肚calf大腿thigh小腿shank腿肚子calf膝盖knee膝盖骨kneecap膝关节knee joint腋窝armpit四肢和躯干limbs and trunk 脚foot脚背instep脚趾toe踝,足踝ankle脚后跟heel脚底sole脚掌心arch大脚趾big toe脚指甲toenail镫骨stirrup bone龟头glans penis (balanus)精子sperm会阴perineum手指甲fingernail脚面，脚背instep脚掌sole脚心arch胯hip胯骨hipbone机体软组织及相关词汇白细胞，白血球white blood cell 细胞壁cell wall单细胞unicellular瓣膜valve动脉artery脉搏arterial pulse大动脉main artery大静脉vena cava胆红素bilirubin胆黄素biliflavin胆碱choline胆囊gall bladder胆汁bile腹肌abdominal muscle感官sense organ膈膜diaphragm肱二头肌bicipital muscle of arm 肱骨humerus骨节joint骨marrow股骨头head of femur汗孔pore of a sweat gland汗腺sweat gland汗珠子beads of sweat黑色素melanin红细胞red blood cell激素hormone生长激素growth hormone性激素sex hormone胸肌pectoral muscle肌腱tendon甲状腺thyroid gland肩胛骨shoulder blade老茧thick callus角质cutin筋，韧带sinew青筋，皮下静脉blue veins穴位acupoint造血系统hemopoictic system 造血器官blood forming organ 神经中枢nerve center主动脉aorta经络channels颈椎cervical vertebra颈动脉arteria carotis抗体antibody冷觉sense of cold视力power of vision力气，力量physical strength 淋巴lymph颅骨skull卵子ovum卵巢ovary卵磷脂lecithin动脉arteries静脉veins盲肠cecum毛孔pore胚胎embryo脾spleen脐navel丘脑thalamus染色体chromosome舌苔coating on the tongue神经nerve感觉神经senory nerve 面神经facial nerve脑神经cranial nerve坐骨神经sciatic nerve肾kidney声带vocal cords食指forefinger耳屎earwax眼屎eye discharge视网膜retina视神经optic nerve收缩压systolic pressure舒张压diastolic pressure手纹lines of the hand输卵管Fallopian tube输精管spermatic duct脊髓spinal marrow唾液saliva外耳external ear胃液gastric juice腺gland泪腺lachrymal gland汗腺sweat gland心血管系统cardiovascular system 性器官sexual organs雄激素androgen要害部位vital part。
解剖词汇
abnormal 异常anatomical position 人体的标准解剖学姿势anterior 前caudal 尾侧central 中央computed tomography, CT X线连续断层图cranial 颅侧distal 远侧dorsal 背侧external 外fibular 腓侧frontal axis 冠状轴frontal plane 冠状面horizontal 水平horizontal plane 水平面inferior 下internal 内lateral 外侧left 左locomotive anatomy 运动解剖学macroanatomy 巨视解剖学medial 内侧microanatomy 微视解剖学posterior 后profundal 深proximal 近侧radial 桡侧right 右sagittal axis 矢状轴sagittal plane 矢状面sectional anatomy 断层解剖学superficial 浅superior 上surface anatomy 表面解剖学surgical anatomy 外科解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学tibial 胫侧topographic anatomy 局部解剖学ulnar 尺侧variation 变异ventral 腹侧vertical 垂直vertical axis 垂直轴x-ray anatomy X线解剖学acetabulum 髋臼acromion 肩峰adductor tubercle 收肌结节alveolar process 牙槽突anatomical neck 解剖颈angle of mandible 下颌角anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝anterior fontanelle 前囟（额囟）anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘antrum 房aperture 口arcuate line弓状线articular process 关节突articular tubercle 关节结节atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎body of sternum 胸骨体bone 骨bone marrow 骨髓bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔calvaria 颅盖calcaneus 跟骨capitate bone 头状骨capitulum 小头capitulum of humerus 肱骨小头carotid canal 颈动脉管carpal bones 腕骨cellules 小房cervical vertebrae 颈椎calvicle 锁骨clivus 斜坡coccyx 尾骨compact bone 骨密质condyle 髁coracoid process 喙突coronasl suture 冠状缝coronoid process 冠突costal cartilage 肋软骨costal groove 肋沟costal angle 肋角costal arch 肋弓costal bone 肋骨costal head 肋头costal neck 肋颈costal tubercle 肋结节cranial fontanelles 颅囟crest 嵴cuboid bone 骰骨deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆diaphysis, shaft 骨干dipl?e 板障endosteum 骨内膜epicondyle 上髁epiphysial line 骺线epiphysil cartilage 骺软骨epiphysis 骺ethmoid bone 筛骨ethmoidal cellules 筛小房ethmoidal sinuses 筛窦external occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸flat bone 扁骨femoral head 股骨头femur 股骨fibula 腓骨fibular head 腓骨头foramen magnum 枕骨大孔foramen lacerum 破裂孔foramen ovale 卵圆孔foramen rotundum 圆孔foramen spinosum 棘孔fovea 凹foveola 小凹frontal process 额突frontal sinus 额窦frontal bone 额骨glenoid cavity 关节盂gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹greater trochanter 大转子greater tubercle 大结节greater wing 大翼hamate bone 钩骨head of mandible 下颌头head 头head of humerus 肱骨头head of radius 桡骨头head of ulna 尺骨头hiatus 裂孔hip bone 髋骨humerus 肱骨hyoid bone 舌骨hypophysial fossa 垂体窝iliac crest 髂嵴iliac fossa 髂窝ilium 髂骨impression 压迹inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲inferior orbitaljissure 眶下裂infraorbital foramen 眶下孔infraspinous fossa 冈下窝infratemporal fossa 颞下窝intercondylar fossa 髁间窝intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起intermedius cuneiform bone 中间楔骨internal acoustic pore 内耳门internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆凸intervertebral foramina 椎间孔irregular bone 不规则骨ischial spine 坐骨棘ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节ischium 坐骨jugular notch 颈静脉切迹jugular foramen 颈静脉孔lacrimal bone 泪骨lambdoid suture 人字缝lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板lateral condyle 外侧髁lateral cuneiform bone 外侧楔骨lateral epicondyle 外上髁lateral malleolus 外踝lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹lesser trochanter 小转子lesser tubercle 小结节lesser wing 小翼linea aspera 粗线long bone 长骨lumbar vertebrae 腰椎lunate bone 月骨lunate surface 月状面Luschka 钩椎关节mandible 下颌骨mandibular foramen 下颌孔mandibular fossa 下颌窝manubrium sterni 胸骨柄mastoid process 乳突maxilla 上颌骨maxillary sinus 上颌窦meatus 道medial epicondyle 内上髁medial malleolus 内踝medial condyle 内侧髁medial cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨medullary cavity 髓腔mental foramen 颏孔metacarpal bones 掌骨metaphysic 干骺端metatarsal bones 跖骨middle cranial fossa 颅中窝masal bone 鼻骨nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管navicular bone 足舟骨neck of mandible 下颌颈neck of femur 股骨颈neck of fibula 腓骨颈neck of radius 桡骨颈obturator foramen 闭孔occipital bone 枕骨olecranon 鹰嘴optic cana 视神经管oral cavity 骨性口腔orbit 眶osteoporosis 骨质疏松palatine bone 腭骨palatine process 腭突paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦parietal bone 顶骨patella 髌骨pecten pubis 耻骨梳pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根periosteum 骨膜petrous part (pyramid) 岩部（锥体）phalanges of fingers 指骨phalanges of toes, bones of toes 趾骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨pneumatic bone 含气骨prominent vertebra 隆椎posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝posterior fontanel 后囟（枕囟）posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘promontory 岬pterion 翼点pterygoid canal 翼管pterygoid process 翼突pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝pubic tubercle 耻骨结节pubis 耻骨radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆radius 桡骨ramus of mandible 下颌支red bone marrow 红骨髓ribs 肋sacral cornu 骶角sacral hiatus 骶管裂孔sacrum, sacral bone 骶骨sagittal suture 矢状缝scaphoid bone 手舟骨scapula 肩胛骨sesamoid bone 籽骨shaft of rib 肋体short bone 短骨skull 颅sphenoid bone 蝶骨sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦spine 棘spine of scapula 肩胛冈spinous process 棘突spongy bone 骨松质squamous part 鳞部sternal angle 胸骨角sternum 胸骨styloid process 尺骨茎突stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔styloid process 茎突subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝sulcus for radial nerve 桡神经沟superior orbital fissure 眶上裂superior, middle and inferior nasal meatus 上、中、下鼻道supraspinous fossa 冈上窝surgical neck 外科颈sumphysial surface 耻骨联合面talus 距骨tarsal bones 跗骨temporal bone 颞骨thoracic vertebrae 胸椎tibia 胫骨tibial tuberosity 胫骨粗隆trabeculae 骨小梁transverse foramen 横突孔transverse process 横突trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨triquetral bone 三角骨trochlear notch 滑车切迹trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节tympanic part 鼓部ulna 尺骨ulnar tuberosity 尺骨粗隆uncus corporis vertebrae 椎体钩vertebral canal 椎管vertebrae 椎骨vertebral aech 椎弓vertebral body 椎体vertrbral foramen 椎孔vomer 犁骨xiphoid process 剑突yellow bone marrow 黄骨髓zygomatic process 颧突zygomatic bone 颧骨abduction 展acetabular labrum 髋臼唇acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节adduction 收ankle joint 踝关节annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带anterior atlantooccipital membrane 寰枕前膜anterior cruciate ligament 前交叉韧带anterior longtitudinal ligament 前纵韧带anterior talofibular ligament距腓前韧带annulus fibrosus纤维环articular capsule关节囊articular cartilage关节软骨articular cavity关节腔articular disc 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular surface 关节面articulation 关节atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节ball-and-xocket joint 球窝关节bifurcate ligament 分歧韧带calcaneocubiod joint 跟骰关节calcaneofibular ligament 跟腓韧带carpometacarpal joint 腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节cartilage 软骨cartilaginous joint 软骨连结chondrocyte 软骨细胞circumduction 环转coracoacromial ligament 喙肩韧带costotransverse joint 肋横突关节costovertebral joint 肋椎关节cruciate ligaments 膝交叉韧带distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节dorsiflexion 背屈elbow joint 肘关节ellipsoidal joint 椭圆关节extension 伸fibrous joint 纤维连结fibrous membrane 纤维膜fibular collateral ligament 腓侧副韧带flexion 屈greater pelvis 大骨盆hinge joint 屈戌关节hip joint 髋关节humeroradial joint 肱桡关节humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节iliofemoral ligament 髂股韧带iliolumbar ligament 髂腰韧带intercarpal joint 腕骨间关节intermetacarpal joint 掌骨间关节intermetatarsal joint 跖骨间关节interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜interphalangeal joint 指骨间关节interphalangeal joint 趾骨间关节interspinal ligament 棘间韧带intertarsal joint 跗骨间关节intertransverse ligament 横突间韧带intervertebral disc 椎间盘ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带joint of costal head 肋头关节joints of foot 足关节joints of hand 手关节knee joint 膝关节lateral ligament 外侧韧带lateral meniscus 外侧半月板lateral rotation 旋外lesser pelvis 小骨盆ligament 韧带ligament of the head of the femur 股骨头韧带ligamenta flava 黄韧带ligamentum nuchae 项韧带medial ligament 内侧韧带medial meniscus 内侧半月板medial rotation 旋内menisci 半月板metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节nucleus pulposus 髓核oblique popliteal ligament 腘斜韧带obturator canal 闭膜管obturator membrane 闭孔膜patellar ligament 髌韧带pelvis 骨盆plane joint 平面关节plantar calcaneonavicular ligament 跟舟足底韧带plantar flexion 跖屈posterior atlantooccipital membrane 寰枕后膜posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带posterior longitudinal ligament 后纵韧带posterior talofibular ligament 距腓后韧带pronation 旋前proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节pubic symphysis 耻骨联合pubofemoral ligament 耻股韧带radial collateral ligament 桡侧副韧带radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节rotation 旋转sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带sellar joint 鞍状关节shoulder joint 肩关节spring ligament 跳跃韧带sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节sternocostal joint 胸肋关节subtalar joint 距下关节supination 旋后suprsaspinal ligament 棘上韧带suture 缝symphysis 纤维软骨联合synchondrosis 软骨结合syndesmosis 韧带连结synostosis 骨性结合synovial bursa 滑膜囊synovial fluid 滑液synovial fold 滑膜襞synovial joint 滑膜关节synovial membrane 滑膜talocalcaneal joint 距跟关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节talacrural joint 距小腿关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节thorax 胸廓tibial collateral ligament 胫侧副韧带translation 移动transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节trochoid joint 车轴关节ulnar collageral ligament 尺侧副韧带vertebral column 脊柱wrist joint 腕关节zygapohpyseal joint 关节突关节abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌abductor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌abductor pollicis longus 拇长展肌adductor brevis 短收肌adductor canal 收肌管adductor longus 长收肌adductor magnus 大收肌adductor pollicis 拇收肌adductor tendinous opening 收肌腱裂孔agonist 原动肌antagonist 拮抗肌aocitic hiatus 主动脉裂孔aponeurosis 腱膜arcuate line 弓状线axillary fossa 腋窝axillary sheath 腋鞘biceps brachii 肱二头肌biceps femoris 股二头肌brachialis 肱肌brachioradialis 肱桡肌buccinator 颊肌carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘carpal canal 腕管central tendon 中心腱clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜common extensor tendon 伸肌总腱common flexor tendon 屈肌总腱conjoint tendon 联合腱coracobrachialis 喙肱肌cubital fossa 肘窝deep fascial 深筋膜deep inguinal ring 腹股沟管深（腹）环deltoid 三角肌deltopectoral groove 三角胸肌间沟diaphragm 膈digastric 二腹肌dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌epicranius 颅顶肌erector spinae 竖脊肌（骶棘肌）esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌extensor digitorum 指伸肌extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌extensor expansion 指背腱膜extensor hallucis longus 踇长伸肌extensor indicis 示指伸肌extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌external intercostals membrane 肋间外膜fascia 筋膜fascia lata 阔筋膜femoral canal 股管femoral ring 股环femoral triangle 股三角fibrous layer 纤维层fibrous sheath of tendon 腱纤维鞘fixator 固定肌fixed attachment 定点flat muscle 扁肌flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌flexor digiti minimi brevis 小指短屈肌flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌flexor hallucis longus 踇长屈肌flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌frontal belly额腹gluteus medius臀中肌gluteus minimus臀小肌galea aponeurotica帽状腱膜gastrocnemius腓肠肌geniohyoid颏舌骨肌gluteus maximus臀大肌gracilis股薄肌hypothenar小鱼际iliacus髂肌iliopectineal arch髂耻弓iliopsoas 髂腰肌infrapiriformis foramen 梨状肌下孔infraspinatus 冈下肌inguinal cannal 腹股沟管inguinal falx 腹股沟镰inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带inguinal (Hesselbach) trangle 腹股沟（海氏）三角insertion 止点intercostals externi 肋间外肌intercostals interni 肋间内肌intercostals intimi 肋间最内肌internal intercostals membrane 肋间内膜lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带（陷窝韧带）lateral pterygoid 翼外肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌levator scapulae 肩胛提肌linea alba 白线long muscle 长肌lumbocostal triangle 腰肋三角lumbricales 蚓状肌masseter 咬肌medial pterygoid 翼内肌mesotendon 腱系膜movable attachment 动点muscle 肌muscle belly 肌腹muscle tendinous stuff 肌腱袖mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌obturator externus 闭孔外肌obturator internus 闭孔内肌occipital belly 枕腹omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌opponens digiti minimi 小指对掌肌opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌orbicular muscle 轮匝肌orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌origin 起点palmar aponeurosis 掌腱膜palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌palmaris longus 掌长肌pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带pectineus 耻骨肌pectoralis major 胸大肌pectoralis minor 胸小肌peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌peroneus longus 腓骨长肌peroneus tertius 第三腓骨肌piriformis 梨状肌platysma 颈阔肌popliteal fossa 腘窝popliteus 腘肌pronator quadratus 旋前方肌pronator teres 旋前圆肌psoas major 腰大肌psoas minor 腰小肌quadratus femoris 股方肌quadratus lumborum 腰方肌quadriceps femoris 股四头肌quadrilateral foramen 四边孔rectus abdominis 腹直肌rhomboideus 菱形肌sartorius 缝匠肌scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙scalene anerior 前斜角肌scalenus medius 中斜角肌scalenus posterior 后斜角肌semimembranosus 半膜肌semitendinosus 半腱肌serratus anterior 前锯肌sesamoid bone 籽骨sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘short muscle 短肌soleus 比目鱼肌splenius 夹肌sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌sternocostal triangle 胸肋三角sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌stenothyroid胸骨甲状肌stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌subscapularis肩胛下肌superficial fascia浅筋膜superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅（皮下）环supinator 旋后肌suprapiriformis foramen 梨状肌上孔supraspinatus 冈上肌synergist 协同肌synovial bursa 滑膜囊synovial layer 滑膜层synovial sheath of tendon 腱滑膜鞘temporalis 颞肌tendinous intersection 腱划tendinous sheath 腱鞘tendo calcaneus 跟腱tendon 肌腱tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌teres major 大圆肌teres minor 小圆肌thenar 鱼际thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌transverse fascia 腹横筋膜transverses thoracis 胸横肌transverses abdominis 腹横肌trapezius 斜方肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌trilateral foramen 三边孔vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔vincula tendinum 键纽voluntary muscle 随意肌内脏消化系统anterior axillary line 腋前线anterior median line 前正中线Hilum 门midaxillary line 腋中线midclavicular line 锁骨中线parasternal line 胸骨旁线posterior axillary line腋后线posterior median line 后正中线scapular line 肩胛线Splanchonlogy 内脏学sternal line 胸骨线Viscera 内脏accessory pancreatic duct 副胰管accessory parotid gland 副腮腺aggregated lymphatic follicles 集合淋巴滤泡alimentary canal 消化管alimentary gland 消化腺alimentary system 消化系统alveolar bone 牙槽骨ampulla of rectum 直肠壶腹anal canal 肛管anal columns 肛柱anal pecten 肛梳anal sinuses 肛窦anal valves 肛瓣angular incisure 角切迹anocutaneous line 肛皮线anorectal line 肛直肠线anus 肛门apex of tongue 舌尖apical foramen 牙根尖孔ascending colon 升结肠ascending part 升部bare arer 裸区body of gallbladder 胆囊体body of pancreas 胰体body of stomach 胃体body of tongue 舌体caecum 盲肠canine teeth 尖牙cardia 贲门cardiac incisure 贲门切迹cardiac part 贲门部caudate lobe 尾状叶cavity of pharynx 咽腔cement 牙骨质cheek 颊colic bands 结肠带conon 结肠common bile duct 胆总管common hepatic duct 肝总管crown of tooth 牙冠cystic duct 胆囊管deciduous teeth 乳牙deep part 深部dental cavity 牙腔dental pulp 牙髓dentate line 齿状线dentine 牙质descending colon 降结肠descending part 降部diaphragmatic surface 膈面duodenal bulb 十二指肠球duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠曲duodenum 十二指肠enamel 釉质epiglottic vallecula 会厌谷epiploic appendices 肠脂垂esophagus 食管extrinsic lingual muscles 舌外肌falciform ligament 镰状韧带filiform papillae 丝状乳头fissure for ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带裂fissure ofrligamentum venosum 静脉韧带裂foliate palillae 叶状乳头foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔fornix of stomach 胃穹窿fossa for gallbladder 胆囊窝frenulum of tongue 舌系带fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底fundus of stomach 胃底fungiform papillae 菌状乳头gall bladder 胆囊genioglossus 颏舌肌gingival 牙龈greater curvature of stomach 胃大弯haemorrhoidal ring 痔环hard palate 硬腭haustra of colon 结肠袋head of pancreas 胰头hepatic fissure 肝裂hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹horizontal part 水平部ileocecal orifice 回盲口ileocecal valve 回盲瓣ileum 回肠incisors 切牙inferior duodenal flexure 十二指肠下曲intrinsic lingual muscles 舌内肌isthmus of fauces 咽峡jejunum 空肠large intestine 大肠laryngopharynx 喉咽left colic flexure 结肠左曲left interlobar fissure 左叶间裂left intersegmental fissure左外叶段间裂left lobe of liver 肝左叶lesser curvature of stomach 胃小弯ligament of Treitz Treitz 韧带ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带ligamentum venosum 静脉韧带lingual tonsil 舌扁桃体liver 肝longitudinal fold of duodenum 十二指肠纵襞lower dental arch 下牙弓major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳头major salivary glands 大唾液腺median glossoepiglottic fold 舌会厌正中襞middle hepatic fissure 正中裂minor duodenal papilla 十二指肠小乳头minor salivary glands 小唾液腺molars 磨牙nasolabial sulcus 鼻唇沟nnasopharynx 鼻咽neck of gallbladder 胆囊颈neck of tooth 牙颈notch for ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带切迹oral cavity 口腔oral cavity proper 固有口腔oral lips 口唇oral vestibule 口腔前庭oropharynx 口咽palate 腭palatine tonsil 腭扁桃体palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓pancreas 胰pancreatic duct 胰管papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头papillae of tougue 舌乳头parotid duct 腮腺管parotid gland 腮腺perineal flexure of rectum 直肠会阴曲periodontal membrane 牙周膜permanent teeth 恒牙pharyngeal opening of auditory tube 咽鼓管咽口pharyngeal recess 咽隐窝pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃体pharynx 咽philtrum 人中piriform recess 梨状隐窝porta hepatis 肝门premolars 前磨牙pulp cavity 髓腔pulp chamber 牙冠腔pyloric antrum 幽门窦pyloric canal 幽门管pyloric part 幽门部pyloric sphincter 幽门括约肌pyloric valve 幽门瓣pylorus 幽门quadrate lobe 方叶rectum 直肠right colic flexure 结肠右曲right interlobar fissure 右叶间裂right intersegmental fissure 右后叶段间裂right lobe of liver 肝右叶root canal 牙根管root of tongue 舌根root of tooth 牙根sasral flexure of rectum 直肠骶曲salivary gland 唾液腺secondary porta of liver 第2肝门sigmoid colon 乙状结肠small intestine 小肠soft palate 软腭solitary lymphatic follicles 孤立淋巴滤泡sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹括约肌sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌sphincter ani internus 肛门内括约肌spiral fold 螺旋襞stomach 胃subcutaneous part 皮下部sublingual caruncle 舌下阜sublingual gland 舌下腺submmandibular gland 下颌下腺sulcus for vena cava 腔静脉沟superficial part 浅部superior duodenal flexure 十二指肠上曲superior part 上部suspensory ligament of duodenum 十二指肠悬韧带suspensoy muscle of duodenum 十二指肠悬肌tail of pancreas 胰尾teeth 牙terminal sulcus 界沟tongue 舌transverse colon 横结肠tubal tonsil 咽鼓管扁桃体tubal torus 咽鼓管圆枕uncinate process 钩突upper dental arch 上牙弓uvula 腭垂vallate papillae 轮廓乳头velum palatinum 腭帆vermiform appendix 阑尾visceral surface 脏面white line 白线wisdom tooth 迟牙呼吸系统aditus laryngis 喉口anterior horn 前角anterior mediastinum 前纵隔apex of lung 肺尖aryepiglottic muscle 杓会厌肌arytenoid杓肌arytenoid articular surface 杓关节面arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨base of lung 肺底bifurcation of trachea 气管杈bronchi 支气管bronchial artery支气管动脉bronchial tree 支气管树bronchopulmonary segments 支气管肺段cardiac notch 心切迹carina of trachea 气管隆嵴choanae 鼻后孔conus elasticus 弹性圆锥costal pleura 肋胸膜costal surface 肋面costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节cricoid arch 环状软骨弓cricoid cartilage 环状软骨cricoid lamina 环状软骨板cricothyroid joint 环甲关节cricothyroid muscle 环甲肌cricotracheal ligament 环状软骨气管韧带cupula of pleura 胸膜顶diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜diaphragmatic surface 膈面epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨epiglottis 会厌ethmoidal bulb 筛泡ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗ethmoidal labyrinth 筛骨迷路external nose 外鼻fissure of glottis 声门裂glottis 声门hilum of lung 肺门horizontal fissure of right lung 水平裂inferior mediastinum 下纵隔infraglottic cavity 声门下腔intercartilaginous part 软骨间部intermediate cavity of larynx 喉中间腔intermenbranous part 膜间部laryngeal cavity 喉腔laryngeal muscle 喉肌laryngeal prominence 喉结laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭larynx 喉lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓侧肌left principal bronchus 左主支气管lingual of left lung 左肺小舌lobar bronchi 肺叶支气管lung 肺median cricothyroid ligament 环甲正中韧带median thyroarytenoid ligament 甲状舌骨正中韧带mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜mediastinal surface 纵隔面mediastinum 纵隔mmembranous wall 膜壁middle medialstinum 中纵隔muscular process 肌突nasal ala 鼻翼nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal cavity proper 固有鼻腔nasal concha 鼻甲nasal gland 鼻腺nasal limen 鼻阈nasal septum 鼻中隔nasa vestibule 鼻前庭nose 鼻nostril 鼻孔oblique arytenoids 杓斜肌oblique fissure 斜裂olfactory region 嗅区paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦parietal pleura 壁胸膜pericardial region 心包区phrennicomediastinal recess 膈纵隔隐窝pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝plica aryepiglottica 杓状会厌襞posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓后肌posterior mediastinum 后纵隔pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary ligament 肺韧带pulmonary lobule 肺小叶pulmonary segment 肺段quadrangular membrane 方形膜region of thymus 胸腺区respiratory system 呼吸系统right principal bronchus 右主支气管rima vestibule 前庭裂root of lung 肺根segmental bronchi 肺段支气管semimunar hiatus 半月裂孔sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝subcarinal angle 嵴下角superior mediastinum 上纵隔superior notch 上切迹supreme nasal concha 最上鼻甲thyroarytenoid muscle 甲杓肌thyrohyoid membrane 甲状舌骨膜thyroid articular surface 甲关节面thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨trachea 气管tracheal cartilages 气管软骨tracheal muscle 气管肌transverse arytenoids 杓横肌triticeal cartilage 麦粒软骨ventricle of larynx 喉室vestibular fold 前庭襞vestibular ligament 前庭韧带visceral pleura 脏胸膜vocal cord 声带vocal fold 声襞vocal ligament 声韧带vocal process 声带突xiphocostal angle 剑肋角vocalis 声带肌泌尿系统1, 25- hydroxycholecalciferol 羟胆钙化醇abdominal part of the ureter 输尿管腹部apex of bladder 膀胱尖body of bladder 膀胱体cystoptosis 膀胱脱垂erythropoietin 红细胞生成素external urethral orifice 尿道外口fatty renal capsule 脂肪囊female urethra 女性尿道fibrous capsule 纤维囊fundus of bladder 膀胱底inferor stricture 下狭窄internal orifice of urethra 尿道内口internal urethral orifice 尿道内口unterureteric fold 输尿管间襞intramural part of the ureter 输尿管壁内部kidney 肾major renal calices 肾大盏medial border 内侧缘median umbilical ligament 脐正中韧带middle stricture 中狭窄minor renal calices 肾小盏muscular tunica 肌织膜meck of lbadder 膀胱颈nephroptosis 肾下垂papillary foramina 乳头孔pelvic cavity 盆腔pelvic part of the ureter 输尿管盆部pretrnal fascia 肾前筋膜prevesical space 膀胱前隙pubicoprostatic ligament 耻骨前列腺韧带renal artery 肾动脉renal column 肾柱renal corpuscles 肾小体renal cortex 肾皮质renal fascia 肾筋膜renal hilum 肾门renal medulla 肾髓质renal papillae 肾乳头renal pedicle 肾蒂renal pelvis 肾盂renal pyramid 肾锥体renal region 肾区renal segment 肾段renal sinus 肾窦renal tubulus 肾小管rennin 肾素retrorenal fascia 肾后筋膜segmental artery 肾段动脉skeins gland 尿道旁腺superior stricture 上狭窄suprarenal gland 肾上腺trigone of bladder 膀胱三角ureter 输尿管ureteric orifice 输尿管口urinary bladder 膀胱urinary incontinence 尿失禁urinary system 泌尿系统venous plexus 静脉丛vesical plica 膀胱襞vesical uvula 膀胱垂zone devoid of vessel 乏血管带男性生殖系统ampulla ductus deferentis 输精管壶腹anterior urethra 前尿道base of porstate 前列腺底body of penis 阴茎体body of prostate 前列腺体bulb of urethra 尿道球bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺cavernous body of penis 阴茎海绵体cavernous body of urethra 尿道海绵体cavernous part 海绵体部contorted senimiferous tubules 曲精小管crus of penis 阴茎脚cremaster 提睾肌dartos coat 肉膜ductus deferens 输精管efferent ductules of testis 睾丸输出小管ejaculatory duct 射精管epididymis 附睾external genital organs 外生殖器external orifce of urethra 尿道外口external spermatic fascia 精索外筋膜frenulum of prepuce 包皮系带glans penis 阴茎头gubernaculums testis 睾丸引带internal genital organs 内生殖器internal spermatic fascia 精索内筋膜lobules of testis 睾丸小叶male urethra 男性尿道mediastinum testis 睾丸纵隔membranous part 膜部navicularfossa of urethra 尿道舟状窝penis 阴茎posterior urethra 后尿道prepubic curvature 耻骨前弯prepuce of penis 阴茎包皮prostate 前列腺prostatic part 前列腺部prostatic utricle 前列腺小囊reproductive system 生殖系统rete testis 睾丸网root of penis 阴茎根scrotum 阴囊seminal colliculus 精阜seminal vesicle 精囊septula testis 睾丸小隔septum of scrotum 阴囊中隔spermatic cord 精索spermatic fluid 精液straight seminiferous tubules 精直小管subpubic curvature 耻骨下弯sulcus of prostate 前列腺沟suspensory ligament of penis 阴茎悬韧带tunica albuginea 白膜tunica vaginalis of tesis 睾丸鞘膜tunica vaginalis testis 尿道嵴urethral crest 鞘膜腔vaginal cavity testis 睾丸女性生殖系统areola of breast 乳晕abdominal orifce of uterine tube 输卵管腹腔口anal region 肛区ampulla of uterine tube 输卵管壶腹anococcygeal ligament 肛尾韧带areolar gland 乳晕腺axillary process 腋突body of clitoris 阴蒂体body of uterus 子宫体broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带bulb of vestibule 前庭球bulbocavernosus 球海绵体肌canal of cervix of uterus 子宫颈管cardinal ligament of uterus 子宫主韧带cavernous body of clitoris 阴蒂海绵体cavity of uterus 子宫腔clitoris 阴蒂coccygeus 尾骨肌crus of clitoris 阴蒂脚deep perineal space 会阴深隙deep transverse muscle of perineum 会阴深横肌fimbriae of uterine tube 输卵管伞fornix of vagina 阴道穹free border 独立缘fundus of uterus 子宫底glans of clitoris 阴蒂头greater lip of pudendum大阴唇geater vestibular gland 前庭大腺hilum of ovary 卵巢门horn of uterus 子宫角hymen 处女膜infundibulum of uterine tube 输卵管漏斗ischioanal fossa 坐骨肛门窝ischiocavernosus 坐骨海绵体肌isthmus of uterine tube 输卵管峡isthmus of uterus 子宫峡lactiferous ducts 输乳管lactiferous sinus 输乳管窦lesser lip of pudendum 小阴唇levator ani 肛提肌lobe of mammary gland 乳腺叶lobule of mammary gland 乳腺小叶mamma, breast 乳房mammary papilla 乳头mesentery border of ovary 卵巢系膜缘mons pubis 阴阜neck of uterus 子宫颈orifice o uterus 子宫口ovary 卵巢ovarian fimbria 卵巢伞parametrium 子宫旁组织pelvic diaphragm 盆膈merineal body 会阴体perineal central tendon 会阴中心腱perineum 会阴proper ligament of ovary 卵巢固有韧带。
人体解剖学英语单词
人体解剖学英语单词运动系统(1)anatomy 解剖学locomotor system 运动系统skeleton 骨骼joint关节ligament韧带(2)Vertebra 椎骨sacrum 骶骨sternal angle 胸骨角rib 肋骨thorax 胸廓(3)Skull 头盖骨facial bones面颅cranial bones颅骨frontal bone额骨temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节(4)Scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节(5)Hip bone髋骨femur股骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨knee joint 膝关节消化系统(1)alimentary system消化系统oral cavity口腔tongue舌pharynx 咽esophagus食管(2)Stomach胃small intestine小肠rectum直肠liver肝pancreas 胰腺呼吸系统respiratory system呼吸系统larynx喉bronchus支气管trachea气管lung肺泌尿系统urinary system泌尿系统kidney肾ureter 输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra尿道生殖系统Genital system生殖系统testis睾丸prostate前列腺ovary卵巢uterus子宫脉管系统cardiovascular system心血管系统atrium心房ventricle心室mitral valve二尖瓣coronary artery冠状动脉pulmonary a 肺动脉aorta主动脉common carotid a 颈总动脉celiac trunk 腹腔干common iliac a髂总动脉视器Cornea 角膜iris虹膜retina 视网膜lens 晶状体conjunctiva结膜前庭蜗器vestibulocochlear organ前庭蜗器auricle耳廓external acoustic meatus外耳道tympanic cavity鼓室labyrinth迷路神经系统nucleus神经核ganglion神经节olfactory nerve嗅神经optic nerve视神经oculomotor nerve动眼神经trochlear nerve 滑车神经trigeminal nerve三叉神经abducent nerve 展神经vagus nerve迷走神经hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经phrenic n 膈神经brachial plexus臂丛sciatic n 坐骨神经sympathetic trunk交感干parasympathetic n 副交感神经脊髓spinal cord 脊髓conus medullaris脊髓圆锥cervical enlargement颈膨大lumbosacral enlargement腰骶膨大cauda equina马尾脑干brain stem 脑干medulla oblongata 延髓pons 脑桥midbrain 中脑rhomboid fossa菱形窝间脑、小脑、端脑、脑脊膜、脑血管、脑脊液Cerebellum 小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑telencephalon端脑cerebral spinal fluid脑脊液注：Skull 不肯定。
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最低量解剖学专业英语词汇（500个）VOCABULARY LIST（标有*者属五年制本科生掌握内容，共300个）1.*anatomy [ 'næt mi]2.*human ['hju:m n] anatomy3.*systematic [,sisti'mætik] anatomy4.*regional ['ri:dʒ n l] anatomy5.*anatomical position (posture)6.*superior [sju:'pi ri ]7.*inferior [in'fi ri ]8.*anterior [æn'ti ri ]9.*posterior [pɔs'ti ri ]10.*ventral ['ventr l11.*dorsal ['dɔ:s l]12.*medial ['mi:dj l]13.*lateral ['læt r l]14.*internal [in't :nl]15.*external [eks't :nl]16.*superficial [sju:p 'fi∫ l]17.*profoundal[pr 'fαund l]18.*proximal [ 'prɔksim l]19.*distal ['dist l]20.*ulnar ['∧ln ]21.*radial ['reidj l]22.*vertical ['v :tik l] axis ['æksis]23.*coronal ['kɔr nl] axis24.*sagittal ['sædʒitl] axis25.*plane [plein]26.*locomotor['l uk ,m ut m]system27.*bone [b un]28.*cartilage ['kα:tilidʒ]29.*fossa ['fɔs ]30.*fovea['f uvi ]31.*sulcus ['s∧lk s]32.*impression [im'pre∫ n]33.*cavity ['kæviti]34.*sinus ['sain s]35.*duct [d∧kt]36.*canal [k 'næl]37.*tube [tju:b]38.*foramen [f 'reimen]39.*compact[k m'pækt] bone40.*periosteum [,peri'ɔsti m]1.*vertebrae ['v :tibri]2.*cervical ['s :vik l]vertebrae3.*thoracic [θɔ: 'ræsik]vertebrae4.*lumbar ['l∧mb ] vertebrae5.*sacral ['seikr l] vertebrae6.*sacrum ['seikr m]7.*coccyx ['kɔksiks]8.*sternum ['st :n m]9.*ribs [ribz]10.*frontal ['fr∧ntl]bone11.*skull [sk∧l]12.*ethmoid ['eθmɔid]bone13.*sphenoid ['sfi:nɔid]bone14.*temporal ['temp r l]bone15.*occipital [ɔk'sipitl]bone16.*parietal [p 'raiitl]bone17.*mandible ['mændibl]18.*maxilla [mæk'sil ]19.*hyoid ['haiɔid]bone20.*nasal ['neiz l]bone21.*orbit['ɔ:bit]22.*clavicle['klævikl]23.*scapula['skæpjul ]24.*humerus['hju:m r s]25.*radius['reidj s]26.*ulna['∧ln ]27.*carpal [kα:pl]bones28.*hip bone29.*ilium['ili m]30.*ischium['iski m]31.*pubis['pju:bis]32.*femur['fi:m ]33.*patella[p 'tel ]34.*tibia['tibi ]35.*fibula ['fibjul ]36.*malleolus[m 'li: l s]37.*joint[dʒɔint]38.*ligament['lig m nt]39.*synovial [si'n uvi l]joint40.*flexion ['flek∫ n]41.*extension [iks'ten∫ n]42.*adduction [ 'd∧k∫ n]43.*abduction [æb'd∧k∫ n]44.*rotation [r u'tei∫ n]最低量解剖学专业英语词汇（300个）VOCABULARY LIST1.解剖学2.人体解剖学3.系统解剖学4.局部解剖学5.解剖学姿势6.上7.下8.前9.后10.腹侧11.背侧12.内侧13.外侧14.内15.外16.浅17.深18.近侧19.远侧20.尺侧21.桡侧22.垂直轴23.冠状轴24.矢状轴25.面26.运动系统27.骨28.软骨29.窝30.凹31.沟32.压迹33.腔34.窦35.管36.管37.管38.孔39.骨密质40.骨(外)膜1.椎骨2.颈椎3.胸椎4.腰椎5.骶椎6.骶骨7.尾骨8.胸骨9.肋10.颅11.额骨12.筛骨13.蝶骨14.颞骨15.枕骨16.顶骨17.下颌骨18.舌骨19.上颌骨20.鼻骨21.眶22.锁骨23.肩胛骨24.肱骨25.桡骨26.尺骨27.腕骨28.髋骨29.髂骨30.坐骨31.耻骨32.股骨33.髌骨34.胫骨35.腓骨36.踝37.关节, 连结38.韧带39.滑膜关节40.屈41.伸42.内收43.外展44.旋转1.*medial (lateral) rotation2.*pronation [pr u'nei∫ n]3.*supination [,sju:pi'nei∫ n]4.*intervertebral [,int 'v :tibr l]disc5.*shoulder['∫ uld ] joint6.*elbow ['elb u]joint7.*radiocarpal [,reidi u'kα:pl]joint8.*hip joint9.*knee joint10.*ankle ['æηkl]joint11.*muscle(m.)['m∧sl]12.*tendon['tend n]13.*trapezius [tr 'pi:zi s] m.14.*erector [i'rekt ]spinae15.*sternocleidomastoid [,st :n u,klaid 'mæstɔid]16.*diaphragm['dai fræm]17.*temporalis[temp 'reilis]18.*deltoid ['deltɔid]19.*biceps ['baiseps]brachii ['breikj l]20.*triceps brachii21.*gluteus maximus[glu:'t s mæksim s]22.*quadriceps ['kwɔ driseps]femoris23.*gastrocnemius[,gæstrɔk'ni:mi s]24.*digestive [di'dʒestiv]system25.*oral ['ɔ:r l]cavity26.*parotid [p 'rɔtid]gland27.*pharynx['færiηks]28.*esophagus[i'sɔf g s]29.*stomach['st∧m k]30.*duodenum[,dju u'di:n m]31.*jejunum[dʒi'dʒu:n m]32.*ileum['ili m]33.*c(a)ecum['si:k m]34.*vermiform['v :mifɔ:m]appendix[' pendiks35.*colon['k ul n]36.*rectum['rekt m]37.*liver['liv ]38.*gallbladder['gɔlblæd ]39.*pancreas['pæηkri s]40.*respiratory [ris'pai r t ri]system41.*larynx['læriηks]42.*trachea[tr 'ki: ]43.*bronchus['brɔηk s]44.*lung[l∧η]1.*pleura['plu r ]2.*kidney['kidni]3.*urinary ['ju rin ri]system4.*ureter[ju 'ri:t ]5.*urinary bladder ['blæd ]6.*urethra[ju 'ri:θr ]7.*genital ['dʒenitl]system8.*ductus deferens ['def r nz]9.*testis ['testis]10.*prostate['prɔsteit]11.*ovary[' uv ri]12.*uterine ['ju:t rain]tube13.*uterus [,ju:t r s]14.*mammary ['mæm ri]gland15.*heart[hα:t]16.*artery(a.)['α:t ri]17.*vein(v.)[vein]18.*cardiac['kα:diæk]atrium['α:tri m'eitri m]19.*cardiac ventricle ['ventrikl]20.*endocardium[,end u'kα:di m]21.*myocardium [mai u'kα:di m]22.*epicardium[,epi'kα:di m]23.*left (right) coronary['kɔr n ri] a.24.*pericardium[,peri'kα:di m]25.*left (right) pulmonary a.26.*aorta[ei'ɔ:t ]27.*brachiocephalic[,bræki use'fælik]trunk28.*common carotid [k 'rɔtid]a.29.*subclavian [,s∧b'kleivi n]a.30.*axillary [æk'sil ri]a.31.*brachial ['breikj l]a.32.*radial a.33.*ulnar a.34.*renal ['ri:nl]a35.*superior mesenteric[,mes n'terik] a.36.*c(o)eliac ['si:liæk]trunk37.*inferior mesenteric a.38.*femoral ['fem r l]a.39.*popliteal [pɔp'liti l]a.40.*superior vena ['vi:n ] cava [keiv ]41.*external jugular ['dʒ∧gjul ]v.42.*cephalic [se'fælik]v.43.*basilic [b 'silik]v.44.*median cubital ['kju:bitl]v.1.旋内(外)2.旋前3.旋后4.椎间盘5.肩关节6.肘关节7.桡腕关节8.髋关节9.膝关节10.踝关节11.肌12.腱13.斜方肌14.竖脊肌15.胸锁乳突肌16.膈17.颞肌18.三角肌19.肱二头肌20.肱三头肌21.臀大肌22.股四头肌23.腓肠肌24.消化系统25.口腔26.腮腺27.咽28.食管29.胃30.十二指肠31.空肠32.回肠33.盲肠34.阑尾35.结肠36.直肠37.肝38.胆囊39.胰40.呼吸系统41.喉42.气管43.支气管44.肺1.胸膜2.肾3.泌尿系统4.输尿管5.膀胱6.尿道7.生殖系统8.睾丸9.输精管10.前列腺11.卵巢12.输卵管13.子宫14.乳腺15.心16.动脉17.静脉18.心房19.心室20.心内膜21.心肌层22.心外膜23.左（右）冠状动脉24.心包25.左（右）肺动脉26.主动脉27.头臂干28.颈总动脉29.锁骨下动脉30.腋动脉31.肱动脉32.桡动脉33.尺动脉34.肾动脉35.腹腔干36.肠系膜上动脉37.肠系膜下动脉38.股动脉39.腘动脉40.上腔静脉41.颈外静脉42.头静脉43.贵要静脉44.肘正中静脉1.*azygos v.['æzig s]2.*inferior vena cava3.*great saphenous [s 'fi:n s]v4.*hepatic portal ['pɔ:t l]v.5.*lymphatic [lim'fætik]system6.*lymph[limf]7.*thoracic duct8.*cisterna ['sist n ] chyli[kaili]9.*lymph node[n ud]10.*inguinal [iηgwinl]lymph nodes11.*spleen[spli:n]12.*thymus['θaim s]13.*sensory ['sens ri]organs14.*eyeball['aibɔ:l]15.*visual ['vizju l]organ16.*cornea['kɔ:ni ]17.*sclera['skli r ]18.*choroid['kɔ:rɔid]19.*iris['ai ris]20.*retina['retin ]21.*lens[lenz]22.*vitreous ['vitri s]body23.*vestibulocochlear[ves,tibjul u'kɔkli ]organ24.*ear[i ]25.*tympanic [tim'pænik]cavity26.*tympanic membrane27.*vestibule['vestibju:l]28.*bonysemicircular [,semi's :kjul ]canals29.*cochlea['kɔkli ]30.*nervous ['n :v s] system31.*central nervous system32.*autonomic [,ɔ:t u'nɔmik]nervous system33.*neuron['nju rɔn]34.*gray [grei] matter ['mæt ]35.*cortex['kɔ:teks]36.*nucleus['nju:kli s]37.*ganglion ['gæηgli n]38.*white matter39.*medulla[me'd∧l ]40.*fasciculus[f 'sikjul s]41.*nerve[n :v]42.*reticular[ri'tikjul ]formation43.*afferent['æf r nt]44.*efferent ['e f r nt]1.*spinal ['spainl]n.2.*phrenic ['frenik]n.3.*musculocutaneous[,m∧skjul ukju'teini s]n.4.*median ['mi:dj n]n.5.*ulnarn.6.*radialn.7.*femoral ['fem r l]n8.*pudendal [pju'dend l]n.9.*sciatic [sai'ætik]n.10.*cranial ['kreini l]n.11.*olfactory [,ɔl'fækt ri]n.12.*optic ['ɔptik]n13.*oculomotor [,ɔkjul u'm ut ]n.14.*trochlear ['trɔkli ]n.15.*trigeminal [trai'dʒemin l]n.16.*abducent [æb'dju:snt]n.17.*facial [fai∫ l]n.18.*chorda ['kɔ:d ] tympani ['timp nai]19.*vestibulocochlear[ves,tibjul u'kɔkli ] n.20.*glossopharyngeal['glɔs u,færin'dʒi: l]n.21.*vagus ['veig s]n.22.*hypoglossal ['haip u'glɔs l]n23.*accessory [æk'ses ri]n.24.*sympathetic [,simp 'θetik]n.25.*sympathetic trunk26.*white communicating branch27.*gray communicating branch28.*parasympathetic [,pær ,simp 'θetik]n.29.*spinal ['spainl] cord [kɔ:d]30.*conus['k un s]medullaris[medju:'leiris]31.*corticospinal [,kɔ:tik u'spainl]tract32.*spinothalamic [,spain uθ 'læmik]tract33.*encephalon [en'sef lɔn], brain [brein]34.*brain stem[stem]35.*medulla oblongata[,ɔblɔη'geit ]36.*pyramid['pir mid]37.*pons[pɔnz]38.*mesencephalon[,mesen'sef lɔn]39.*substantia[s∧b'stæn∫i ]nigra['naigr ]40.*medial lemniscus[lem'nisk s]41.*trigeminal [trai'dʒemin l]lemniscus42.*corticonuclear[,kɔ:tik u'nju:kli ]tract43.*cerebellum[,seri'bel m]44.*diencephalon [,daien'sef lɔn]1.奇静脉2.下腔静脉3.大隐静脉4.肝门静脉5.淋巴系统6.淋巴7.胸导管8.乳糜池9.淋巴结10.腹股沟淋巴结11.脾12.胸腺13.感觉器14.视器15.眼球16.角膜17.巩膜18.脉络膜19.虹膜20.视网膜21.晶状体22.玻璃体23.前庭蜗器24.耳25.鼓室26.鼓膜27.前庭28.骨半规管29.耳蜗30.神经系统31.中枢神经系统32.自主神经系统33.神经元34.灰质35.皮质36.神经核37.神经节38.白质39.髓质40.纤维束41.神经42.网状结构43.传入的44.传出的1.脊神经2.膈神经3.肌皮神经4.正中神经5.尺神经6.桡神经7.股神经8.阴部神经9.坐骨神经10.脑神经11.嗅神经(Ⅰ)12.视神经(Ⅱ)13.动眼神经(Ⅲ)14.滑车神经(Ⅳ)15.三叉神经(Ⅴ)16.展神经(Ⅵ)17.面神经(Ⅶ)18.鼓索19.前庭蜗神经(Ⅷ)20.舌咽神经(Ⅸ)21.迷走神经(Ⅹ)22.副神经(Ⅺ)23.舌下神经(Ⅻ)24.交感神经25.交感干26.白交通支27.灰交通支28.副交感神经29.脊髓30.脊髓圆锥31.脊髓丘脑束32.皮质脊髓束33.脑34.脑干35.延髓36.锥体37.脑桥38.中脑39.黑质40.内侧丘系41.三叉丘系42.皮质核束43.小脑44.间脑1.*dorsal thalamus ['θæl m s]2.*hypothalamus[,haip u'θæl m s]3.*supraoptic nucleus[,sju:pr 'ɔptik]4.*paraventricularnucleus[,pær ven'trikjul ]5.*telencephalon [,telen'sef lɔn]6.*cerebrum['seribr m]7.*gyrus['dʒai r s]8.*frontal lobe[l ub]9.*parietal[p 'raiitl] lobe10.*occipital lobe11.*insula ['insjul ]（insular ['insjul ] lobe）12.*temporal lobe13.*hippocampus[,hip u'kæmp s]14.*basal ['beisl] nuclei['nju:kliai]15.*corpus ['kɔ:p s] striatum[strai'eit m]16.*caudate ['kɔ:deit] nucleus17.*putamen[pju;'teim n]18.*globus ['gl ub s] pallidus ['pælid s]19.*cerebral ['seribr l] cortex20.*internal capsule['kæpsju:l]21.*limbic system22.*pyramidal ['pir midl]system23.*extrapyramidal [ekstr pi'ræmid l]system24.*spinal dura ['dju r ] mater ['meit ]25.*spinal arachnoid [ 'ræknɔid] mater26.*subarachnoid [,s∧b 'ræknɔid]space27.*spinal pia ['pai ] mater28.*cerebral dura mater29.*cerebral falx[fælks]30.*tentorium [ten'tɔ:ri m] of cerebellum31.*venous ['vi:n s]sinus of dura mater32.*cavernous ['kæv n s] sinus33.*middle cerebral a.34.*basilar ['bæsil ]a.35.*cerebral arterial [a:'ti ri l] circle['s :kl]36.*cerebral [,seribr u] spinal ['spainl]fluid ['fluid]37.*endocrine glands38.*thyroid ['θairɔid] gland39.*suprarenal [,sju;pr 'ri:nl] gland40.*hypophysis[hai'pɔfisis]1.背侧丘脑2.下丘脑3.视上核4.室旁核5.端脑6.大脑7.大脑回8.额叶9.顶叶10.枕叶11.颞叶12.岛叶, 脑岛13.海马14.基底核15.纹状体16.尾状核17.壳18.苍白球19.大脑皮质20.内囊21.边缘系22.锥体系23.锥体外系24.硬脊膜25.脊髓蛛网膜26.蛛网膜下隙27.软脊膜28.硬脑膜29.大脑镰30.小脑幕31.硬脑膜窦32.海绵窦33.大脑中动脉34.基底动脉35.大脑动脉环36.脑脊液37.内分泌腺38.甲状腺39.肾上腺40.垂体。