杭州师范大学2017年《845英语教学基础知识》考研专业课真题试卷
杭州师范大学外国语学院英语教学基础知识[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
![杭州师范大学外国语学院英语教学基础知识[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a81062ae4a7302768f99398e.png)
a. collocational b. denotative c. connotative d. deductive
2. The pseudo practice is beneficial only if the pre-service teachers take _____ seriously.
a. rehearsal b. reflection c. inquiry d. comparison 【答案】b 【解析】本题考查华莱士的“反思模型”。根据这一模型，教师在学
a. students play appropriate roles
b. students’ errors are treated properly c. students can ask questions for teacher’s help d. students can successfully finish task in group work 【答案】b 【解析】有效课堂管理需要6个条件：教师角色适当；教师给予学生 清晰的授课指导；有助于学生学习的小组活动；教师提问问题适当；课 堂有纪律，气氛和谐；学生的错误得到适当处理。
4. Children do not need to learn grammar rules when learning a foreign language.
【答案】F 【解析】在外语学习中，语法学习占据重要地位。语法学习可以提 高学习者语言的准确度，使其句法系统内化。因此该表述有误。
2017年杭州师范大学845英语教学基础知识考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2017年杭州师范大学845英语教学基础知识考研真题及详解一、选择题（共5小题，每题3分，共15分）1. Which of the following activities do not follow communicative principles in teaching reading?a. Reading for specific informationb. Informational gap activitiesc. Debate and interviewsd. Problem-solving activities【答案】a【解析】本题考查阅读教学。
以交际原则为导向的阅读教学包括信息差活动、讨论、辩论、访谈、解决问题的活动、以流利性为导向的游戏等。
reading for specific information不属于该范畴。
2. According to the degree of freedom, questions can be categorized into many different types. Which of the following categorized questions is true?a. Convergent questions often have no right or wrong answers.b. A divergent question is a question which is a real question and requires a single correct answer.c. Convergent questions are questions that elicit student responses that vary.d. A referential question is a question which asks for information which is notknown to the teacher.【答案】d【解析】本题考查对问题类型分类的理解。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
杭州师范大学(2010-2017)考研真题
2017年杭州师范大学333教育综合试题一、名词解释（6小题，每小题5分，共30分）1. 班级授课制2. 爱弥尔3. 综合课程4. 教育目的5. 学习定势6. 形式教育论和实质教育论二、简答题（4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1. 如何正确看待学校教育中的惩罚？2. 简述古希腊雅典教育的特点。
3. 简述启发性教学原则。
4. 简述《白鹿洞书院揭示》及书院教育宗旨。
三、分析论述题（4小题，每小题20分，共80分）1. 教师的特殊性表现在哪些方面？针对特殊性应对教师有什么要求？2. 创造性与智力并非简单的线性关系，分析两者的关系，结合实际说说应如何培养学生的创造性？3. 论述赫尔巴特教育学思想的心理学基础。
4. 论述陈鹤琴的儿童教育理论。
2016年杭州师范大学333教育综合试题一、名词解释（6小题，每小题5分，共30分）1、《民主主义与教育》2、班级授课制3、美育4、隐性课程5、思维定势6、教师专业发展二、简答题（4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1、简述德育过程的平行教育原则？2、简述斯腾伯格成功智力理论。
3、简述宋元时期蒙学教材种类、特点。
4、简述英国《1944年教育法》。
三、分析论述题（4小题，每小题20分，共80分）1、在新课程背景下，教师应该有哪些课程观？2、试述元认知对学习策略影响与意义。
3、“六三三制”改革前后对我国中小学教育的影响，有什么优缺点，对我国教育改革有何启示。
4、评述马克思和恩格斯人的全面发展理论和教育要与劳动生产相结合思想。
2015年杭州师范大学333教育综合试题一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1.学校教育2.教育目的的个人本位论3.德育4.校本课程5.最近发展区6.教学评价二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1.如何理解教育的相对独立性？认识教育的相对独立性有何意义？2.简述班杜拉的观察学习理论及其教育应用。
3.简析颜元的“习行”教学法。
4.简析帕克赫斯特的道尔顿制。
三、分析论述题（每题20分，共80分）1.如何理解教师职业是一种需要人文精神的专业性职业？其专业性表现在哪里？其人文精神又表现在哪里？2.接受学习和发现学习各有何特点？应当怎样处理二者的关系。
杭州师范大学英语教学基础知识2018年考研初试专业课真题
杭州师范大学2018年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码： 845考试科目名称：英语教学基础知识说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Transferring the information from the news report into a chart is a communicativeactivity.2.Asking questions to individual students is better than asking to a whole class,because we can get personalized answers.3.Reading aloud and silent reading are two different types of reading practice.4.Based on formative assessment, we will be able to form a sound basis for checkinglearning and teaching.5.While integrating the four skills can help the development of students’communicative competence, a separate focus on individual aspects of vocabulary, grammar and skills can be overlooked.6.In the bottom-up model, listening comprehension is believed to start with schemaknowledge.7.The teacher should always provide enough guidance and distance to help students’need and develop reading strategies.8.Internet navigation will help teachers in their professional development.9.If a teacher wants to help learners use stress and intonation to express attitude andemotion, he wants to improve students’ discourse competence.10.Controlled activities mainly focus on the form and accuracy.二、选择题（每题5分，共30分）1.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Different views on different language generate different teaching methodologies.B.The interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool, whosemain use is to do things, like suggesting, apologizing, accepting, etc.C.Ethic devotion, personal styles and professional qualities constitutes theprofessional competence of a good English teacher.D.According to Wallace’s ‘reflective model’, the first stage of teachers’professional development is about language.2.Which of the following pair is a minimal pair? ________A.bid biteB.will wellC.sea seeD.bear beard3.When students engaged in group work, the teacher gave feedback after each grouphad stated their opinion and shown their output. This is called __________.A. instructingB. observingC. monitoringD. evaluating4. A mistake, different from an error, ________________.A.is a result from carelessness.B.has a direct relation with learner’s language competence.C.can be self-corrected.D.is only made in foreign language learning.5.The deductive method of grammar presentation relies on reasoning, _________ andcomparing.A. explainingB. discoveringC. analyzingD. practicing6.Decide what role the teacher is playing in the following activity: “When the studentsare making a report of their group mates’ likes and dislikes, the teacher first set an example, and if someone makes an error, the teacher asks him or her to revise.” This teacher is probably a(an)_________.A. participantB. assessorC. organizerD. controller三、简答题（三题分值分别为：6分、6分、8分，共20分）1.Why is it said: portfolios aim to assess students’ ability to applyknowledge?（用英文表述）2.One of multiple intelligences is called “intrapersonal intelligence”. What kind oflearning activities can be designed to develop students’ thisintelligence？（用英文表述）3.课堂提问有哪些功能？如何提问会更有效？（用中文表述）四、论述题（每题20分，共20分）《义务教育阶段英语课程标准》（2011版）指出“合理开发和积极利用课程资源是有效实施英语课程的重要保证”。
杭州师范大学外国语学院英语教学基础知识[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
4. The learning activity sculpture body language is designed for developing _____ intelligence.
a. spatial visualizing b. bodily-kinesthetic c. interpersonal d. naturalistic 【答案】b 【解析】肢体语言可以提高学生的身体动觉智能。身体动觉智能是 指用自己的全身或肢体动作解决问题的才能。
【解析】教师发挥提示者作用，是指当学生不确定如何开始一项活 动，或下一步该做什么，或下一步该说什么的时候，老师应该给出适当 的提示。题干中老师问学生是否曾经买过有问题的衣服，学生觉得无从 答起，于是教师提示学生“a shirt without...”。
9. Which of the following ways of grouping students is more risky? a. Strong students and weak students are grouping separately. b. Grouping students according to seating arrangement. c. Students select their own group members. d. Grouping students by drawing lots. 【答案】c 【解析】本题考查课堂中的分组活动。在课堂中，学生不总是以班 级为单位来学习，教师大部分时间会把学生分成不同大小的几个小组。 根据不同的教学目的和教学活动，学生应该被合理分组。选项c中让学 生自己挑选小组成员的分组方式风险较大，可能会使课堂活动失控。
浙江杭州师范大学综合英语考研真题
浙江杭州师范大学综合英语考研真题I. Cloze（每小题1分，共50分）Fill in each of the blanks with a function word, otherwise the first letter is given as a clue.Passage One: Instinct or cleverness?We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. We continually wage war (1) ____________ them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us (2) ____________ being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being (3)s____________. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring (4) ____________ them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) (5) ____________ our presence. Who has not stood in awe (6) ____________ the sight of a spider pouncing (7) ____________ a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud (8) ____________ it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey (9) ____________ them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated (10) ____________ twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making (11) ____________ impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky (12) ____________ they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree (13) ____________ bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted (14) ____________ satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape (15) ____________ being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find (16) ____________ the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new (17) r____________. They were climbing (18) ____________ the wall of the houseand then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely (19) d____________ by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an (20)a____________ to my thoroughly unscientific methods!Passage Two: Cosmic DustWe know the universe doesn’t revolve around us. But parts of it do, like household dust. This continuously reproducing filth is comprised (1) __________ skin cells, hair, clothing fibres, dirt from outside, dust mites, bacteria and chemicals that can stick (2) __________ any of these items.As a child, one of my weekly chores was dusting the house. If you had told 12-year-old me that, at 37, I would find dusting one of the most comforting things I do at home, I would have been very concerned about exactly how awful adulthood is. But perhaps I might have worried less if I had also been told (3) __________ with adulthood would come knowledge of cosmic dust, which is all over the universe and absolutely does not revolve around us.Space dust is part of a fascinating life cycle of structure formation in the universe: the emergence of stars and planets, as well as their deaths. In the very early universe, gravity caused hydrogen and helium gas to collapse into objects that often became densely packed enough ignite nuclear hydrogen burning which leads (4)__________ star formation. The nuclear chain reactions that occur in stars produce elements heavier (5) __________ hydrogen and helium, like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Even heavier elements, like neon and titanium, are made in the supernova explosions that can occur at the end (6) __________ a star’s life.These explosions blow stardust made of these elements –most commonly silicon and carbon –out into the universe. Some of it leads to solar system formation, producing the extrasolar planets we are increasingly capable of observing. In the case (7) __________ our local star, the sun, that solar system sprouted life on thethird-innermost planet, Earth.Some of the dust helps form the next-generation stars that burn a little differently than their forebears because some of the elements they contain are heavier. One thing cosmic dust does have in common (8) __________ household dust is that it can be annoying. An ongoing issue in astronomy observations is figuring out how to learn about objects – from planets to stars – that are obscured (9) __________ cosmic dust in what we call our line of sight, the path of light travelling from that object (10) __________ our telescope. Light passing through cosmic dust interacts with its particles. The dust will sometimes absorb and scatter the light, dimming the object’s brightness, although this can also offer valuable insight (11) __________ the size of the dust particles.Like household dust, cosmic dust can lead (12) __________ misinterpretations of what we are viewing. Your black television stand can end (13) __________ looking grey if you don’t clean it. Similarly, cosmic dust can get mistaken for something else. Just five years ago, researchers on the BICEP2 experiment revealed they had detected gravitational waves, ripples in space-time, from the universe’s first second of existence. It turned (14) __________ that instead they had seen (15) d__________. The mistaken announcement occurred because they hadn’t properly subtracted dustout (16) __________ their data. In other (17) w__________, dust can really get in the way of taking a good, clean picture.At the same (18) t__________, studying cosmic dust is a critical part of understanding how objects form in the cosmos. While most of the matter in the universe is probably in the form of dark matter, most of the visible matter is in the form of interstellar dust, not in compact objects like stars and planets. Thus, insight (19) __________ large-scale structures like galaxies requires an understanding of dust dynamics. One galaxy we would really like to understand is ours, the Milky (20) W__________. But we face challenges in trying to comprehend it because (21)__________ the way dust obscures our view, so looking at other examples is (22) i________________.It is good to have neighbours. The Milky (23) W__________ is part of what is known as the Local Group, a collection of galaxies whose largest members are our own and Andromeda. By looking at the patterns of dust in Andromeda, we can gain exciting insight (24) __________ our own corner of the universe. Ant Whitworth at Cardiff University in the UK recently led a team in doing just that, using (25) d__________ from the Herschel Space Observatory.Herschel, named (26) __________ British astronomers and siblings Caroline and William Herschel, was a European Space Agency telescope that specialised (27) __________ looking at the universe in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that straddles infrared and radio waves –exactly where space dust is most visible (28) __________ our instruments. With their data, Whitworth and his team affirmed a previously noted tension between theoretical models of interstellar dust and observations. Dust continues to give humanity trouble, whether (29) __________ home or (30) __________ the galaxy next door.II. Translation （每小题15分，共30分）Part A Translate the following into Chinese.I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty-two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what colour red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind.I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Part B Translate the following into English.在发展科学技术方面，我们要共同努力。
杭州师范大学2017年《845英语教学基础知识》考研专业课真题试卷
二、正误判断题（共 10 小题，每题 3 分，共 30 分） 1.Cognitive style is used to describe an individual’s characteristic approach to receiving, saving, transferring, withdrawing and utilizing information. 2. One influential idea from the audio-lingual method is that students should be allowed to create their own sentences based on endless listen and repeat drilling activities. 3. Condition-oriented theories are concerned with how the mind organizes new information. 4. Skinner suggested that language is a form of behavior and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of an intricate rule-based system. 5. In the inductive method, the teacher provides learners with authentic language data and induces students to discover rules with some form of careful teacher assistance. 6. A writing task will lose its communicative element when it is designed to practice a certain target structure. 7. Tactile learners learn more effectively through body experience. 8. Learning activities such as cooperating, giving feedback, group projects are interpersonal intelligence. 9．Using fixed conventional chunks is a common feature of spoken language. 10. 在高中英语课程目标中，情感态度包括国际视野、祖国意识、合作精神、自信意志、动机兴 趣等。 三、简答题（共 3 小题，每题 10 分，共 30 分） 1. 英语课程标准要求“面向全体学生，为每个学生学习英语奠定基础” 。请简述在英语教学中的 教学建议。 2.如何活用新教材？请简答之。 （用英语表述） 3. How to maintain a balance between accuracy-based and fluency-based practices in teaching speaking? 四、论述题 （每题 15 分，共 15 分） Please offer some suggestions on teaching pronunciation effectively.
杭州师范大学专业基础(一)考研真题试题2017—2019年
杭州师范大学2017年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：859考试科目名称：专业基础（一）说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
除书法专业的其他考生做第一部分试题，书法专业考生做第二部分试题。
第一部分一、创作构思（凡1题，共105分）创作主题：《秋》创作要求：根据题目创作与该主题相符的图稿（黑白稿形式），其中草图2幅，完成稿1幅。
（完成于答题纸上，标明附件1-附件3）提示：草图可用铅笔、木炭铅笔等工具。
完成稿必须用水笔、钢笔等不易涂擦的工具完成。
二、创作体会（凡1题，共45分）根据上述已完成的创作构图，谈谈自己的创作构思，以及拟完成该创作准备采取的创作手法，语言风格等。
完成500—1000字的短文1篇，题目自拟。
（完成于答题纸上，标明附件4-附件5）第二部分一、创作构图（凡2题，共105分）1. 篆刻创作构图（计2小题，35分）：（完成于附件1）（1）请将战国长条形玺“大司徒長勹乘”（见下图·左）重新设计为圆形阳文玺，完成（不得改变印面文字及基本构形、次序）印稿1件。
完成于答题纸上，印面请控制在直径3-6厘米。
（本小题20分）（2）参考浙派印“我书意造本无法”（见下图·中），将“大小二篆生八分”（见下图·右）转换为浙派白文印风格，完成于答题纸上，印面请控制在边长3-5厘米。
（本小题15分）注：印文线条可以同钢笔、水笔等描成一定的粗细，以突显风格特征；若为方便以阳文写稿来表示阴文印，必须注明。
2. 书法创作构图（计2小题，70分）：（完成于答题纸上，标明附件2-附件3）根据以下所提供的创作素材内容（文字），遵循具体要求，完成2件书法作品的创作构图（创作小稿）。
要求正确使用繁体字，署款中不得透露考生姓名、地区等信息，不得做任何与答题无关的标记。
杭州师范大学847专业基础(一)2016-2020年考研专业课真题试卷
根据上述已完成的创作构图谈谈自己的创作构思，以及拟完成该创作准备采用的表现手法，语言风格、 尺寸、画种、视觉效果等。完成 1000 字左右的短文 1 篇，题目自拟。（完成于答题纸上，标明附件 45）
第二部分
一、创作构图（凡 2 题，共 105 分） 1．篆刻创作构图（计 2 小题，35 分，完成于答题纸上，标明附件 1）：
2020 年 考试科目代码 847 考试科目名称 专业基础（一） （本考试科目共 2 页，第 1 页）
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
（2）根据所提供的印文（见下图·右），重新进行印面构图设计，完成印稿 1 件，并完成 于答题纸上。（本小题 15 分） 要求：○1 设计的印文内容必须为图片所提供的文字，字法可根据需要自行调整、自主设计。 ○2 设计稿为汉白文印风格。
二、 创作体会（45 分）
根据上述已经完成的创作构图简要阐述自己的创作意图，包括拟完成该创作准备采用的表现手 法、语言风格、尺寸、画种、视觉效果等。 完成 1000 字左右短文 1 篇，题目自拟。
提示：完成于答题纸上。
第二部分 一、创作构图（凡 2 题，共 105 分） 1．篆刻创作构图（计 2 小题，35 分，完成于答题纸上）
要求：书体为行书、草书两体中任选其一；幅式为横幅；正文 8 字须用双钩法出之。（本小题 30 分） （２） 选取提供的素材中适当的字数（28 字以上，拟作小楷者可用全篇）完成 1 件书法作品的创作构 图。 要求：书体为篆书、隶书、楷书三体中任选其一；幅式为竖幅；正文用单钩法出之。（本小题 40 分） 创作素材内容： 太傅此表正与《兰亭》绝相似，皆是已退笔于草草不经意处生趣。但《兰亭》长，此匾；《兰亭》 瘦，此肥；《兰亭》今，此古。然《兰亭》以骨为肉，此以肉为骨；《兰亭》规矩在放纵中，此放纵 在规矩中。其相反处笔意亦正相合也。第考诸跋中来历，即始于陆行直，以前不著所自，好事者疑寥 寥唐、宋间，亦是见知律。然笔法自妙，不应以耳闻疑目见。若以年衔为驳，则史传所记，主在大政 迹不谬，区区履历，非所经意。且此等处极易错，不足为据，伪作者摭史事妆饰固不难耳。季直事， 陈寿志不载，书法创出事，创出正可定为真也。——孙鑛《书画题跋》节录
杭师大招考硕士研究生入学课程八四五试题
c. Debate and interviews d. Problem-solving activities
2.According to the degree of freedom, questions can be categorized into many different types. Which of the following categorized questions is true?
5. In the inductive method, the teacher provides learners with authentic language data and induces students to discover rules with some form of careful teacher assistance.
杭州师范大学
招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码：845
考试科目名称：英语教学基础知识
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、选择题（共5小题，每题3分，共15分）
1. Which of the following activities do not follow communicative principles in teaching reading?
8. Learning activities such as cooperating, giving feedback, group projects are interpersonal intelligence.
9．Using fixed conventional chunks is a common feature of spoken language.
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案1
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life.A acceptB understandC supportD include22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bring out a goodbye.A blow outB give outC get away withD come out with23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists.A reformingB yieldingC breedingD conceiving.24. Once a proposal goes into place, it‟s next to impossibl e to reverse it.A overthrowB enhanceC implementD provoke.25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to.A participated inB seen toC concentrated onD involved in26. The majority of these graduate students have but one aspiration ---- to be top economists.A inspirationB ambitionC requestD acquisition27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.A absorbed inB submerged inC saturated withD agonized by28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated.A given outB ruled outC written outD turned out29. We are obliged to the teaching staff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.A committedB compelledC gratefulD respectful30. Humans has the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiar ideas and fancies.A novelB particularC arbitraryD fantasticSection B ( 0.5 point each)31. These ____ salesperson of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.A prospectiveB perspectiveC respectiveD protective32. Skin, being sturdy and _____and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.A flexibleB looseC elasticD resourceful33. Since teacher behaviour is ____ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.A held up =exhibit, display,B used upC kept upD dressed up34. The concept of personal choice ____ health behaviours is an important one.A in face ofB in case ofC in relation toD in charge of35. The so-called “brain drain” refers to the fact people carr ying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned and end up by ____.A immigratingB migratingC integratingD emigrating36. As fulfillment seldom ____to anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.A amountsB correspondsC addsD contributes.37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity ___with cancer-causing pathways.A coupledB stainedC associatedD integrated38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really ____A called forB called forthC called upD called at39. The display of goods needs to be ___with the store‟s atmosphere.A persistentB existentC insistentD consistent40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an ____life.A externalB originalC eternalD optimalPart II. Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chicken ! And its meat is to popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year. 42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44 .Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by millions of households for domestic and commercial use.Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25, 000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds. Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off---- some as 48 of the deadly disease ----the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases. 50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many countries.41. A estimates B evaluations C judges D legislations42. A Surprisingly B Essentially C Additionally D Generally43. A up till B rather than C out of D not until44. A investment B venture C administration D adventure45. A by far B by and by C for good D for all46. A that B those C them D it47. A conceal B condemn C commence D command48. A witnesses B sacrifices C donations D victims49. A know-how B how-so C in-the-know D how-come50. A Because of B Due to C For D AsPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points 1 point each)Passage OneOf all the accessories and adornments to clothes, one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hood and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on cloths became a craze---- not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience---- a sound whipping. How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!Most of the buttons on modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men‟s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier dayshorsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm‟s way.With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?A They have little function.B They are the only useful accessory.C They receive the least attention among accessories.D They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.52. According to the author, ____A buttons are used as ornaments only in modern times.B buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th century.C buttons were used as ornaments before the 13th century.D buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history.53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________A were a symbol of wealth.B were occasionally put on clothes.C began to have practical functions.D represented the wearer‟s artistic taste54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once ___A loved by every citizen .B banned because they were a craze.C considered harmful and nobody wore them.D forbidden on the upper arms.55. It seems to the author that buttons ____A are worth a second look.B have never served any functionC should not be sewed on coats.D play an important role in our lives.56. Male and female dress is now buttoned __________A on the right sideB on the left sideC on different sides C on the same sides.Passage TwoBehind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when finally clean up our act.If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn‟t apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself,provided the damage is not too great.The effects of some bad habits ---smoking, in particular---can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed.“Any time you improve your behaviour and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on,” says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It‟s like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance. “But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research:---- A study concluded that women who consume a s little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.---- The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline.Adopting healthy habits won‟t cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases ----from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers---- can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.N ot sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn‟t matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make e nough changes, and you‟ll discover you‟ve adopted a new way of life.57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that ____A they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decades.B their bodies can‟t be damage d by the bad habits.C their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outside.D they can force themselves to clean up the bad habits later.58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ____A is seldom apparent .B is clearly shown in the mirror.C will appear obvious sooner or later.D is still a question.59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits _______A when the damage is not very serious.B no matter how serious the damage is.C after we have dropped our bad habits.D much more slowly than we think.60. According to the recent announcements, ____A women should eat as much fish as possible.B women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men.C eating a little more f ish can improve women‟s health.D men don‟t have to eat as much fish as women.61. It is implied in the passage that _____A smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers.B the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers.C smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking.D chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking.62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _____A when we should start quitting our bad habits.B it doesn‟t matter how we start quitting our bad habits.C that making enough changes will make doctors unnecessary to us.D it‟s never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestyle.Passage ThreeOur true challenge today is not debts and deficits or global competition but the need to find a way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet‟s biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us alive.An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and, better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100 years ago?Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?In the 1840‟s, Ireland‟s population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown.In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight struck and wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,” wrote Paul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest ----The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture. “The deva station came the next year. Farmers has no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.” Historians estimate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another 1.5 million emigrated, most to the United States. Those remaining suffered from crushing poverty.In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to diseaseor pests, which can destroy an ent ire regions‟ harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides , even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But theses trends may be destroying man‟s own food supply.63. The main idea of the passage is __________A It is important to protect the earth‟s bio-diversity.B man is destroying his own food supply.C we now have fewer bio-species than before.D numerous strains of plants can resist plagues.64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States ___________A it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant family.B over 80% of its varieties have been destroyed.C we have done our best to protect it.D it is as wide as it was 100 years ago.65. The author tells the st ory in Ireland in the 1840‟s to show that _________A farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South America.B potatoes should not be grown as a dietary mainstay.C lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoes.D bio-diversity is essential to life on earth.66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840‟s__________A caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedly.B caused Ireland‟s population to decline by half.C destroyed the whole Irish agricultural tradition.D s eriously devastated Ireland‟s economy.67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants_________A ward off some disastrous diseases and pests.B resist natural disasters such as droughts.C withstand the harmful effect of pesticides.D yield bumper harvests.68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop?A They want to make more money.B They want to have a higher output.C They want to prevent the destruction of human food.D They want to make their products more attractive. Passage FourIt is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man‟s purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so that‟s the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man‟s lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well , men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease of stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises “good” cholesterol.As Perls‟s study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a …testosterone storm.‟ Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide….and drownings.”While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn‟t account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its‟ true.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New EnglandCentenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, canc er, diabetes and Alzheimer‟s. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92 , and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the perception that …the older you get, the sicker you get.‟ Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you‟ve been.”69. This passage mainly discusses ________A why women lead a healthier life than men.B how women can live longer and stay healthy.C what keeps men from enjoying a longer life span.D whether men‟s life style lead s to their early death.70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?A Their natural urge to remain healthy.B Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.C Their need to bear healthy offspring.D Their desire to have more children.71. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to __________A support the argument about women‟s role in rearing children.B summarize a possible cause of different life expectancies.C challenge the th eory about our ancestor‟s behaviour patterns.D illustrate the history of human evolution process.72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that _______A increases as men grow older.B reduces risk factors in male behaviour.C lead s to aggressive behaviour and heart disease.D accounts for women‟s dislike for violent films.73. Compared with women, men as a whole ____.A suffer from depression more often.B suffer from diseases later than women.C are reluctant to have physical checkups.D are not affected by violent movies.74. Centenarians refer to people who ____A live longer than females.B live at the turn of the century.C are extremely independent.D are a hundred years or older.Passage FiveLast year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the Onstar personal security system.The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cell-phone, to a member of the Onstar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G.P.S., helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car‟s security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else---- law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in one his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. “While I don‟t believe G.M. intentionally designed this syst em to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy,” he said. Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. Onstar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An Onstar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam‟s worries were overblown. The signals that the companysends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most determined hackers, she said.75. The most important feature of Onstar advertised by the company is that it can ____A help people find their cars in the big parking lot.B giver verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areas.C open car doors for owners unable to find their car keys.D make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars.76. We can conclude from the passage that Onstar is ______A too complicated to use especially for new drivers.B not as usual and effective as the company claims.C popularly used among the more expensive cars.D not widely used in the country except in a few states.77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because _______A his personal information might be revealed.B his demand for better services was rejected.C OnStar posed potential danger to driving safety.D OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work.78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because _____A it was in violation of individual privacy.B it was against the Constitution of the nation.C the wiretap might affect the safety of personal data.D the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system.79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam‟s worries ___________A exaggerated the problems that might occur.B represented reasonable concerns of customers.C presented problems for them to solve.D made sense due to the existence of hackers.80. The passage is mainly written to _______A promote the brand and sale of OnStar.B pint out the worries caused by OnStar.C introduce the new features of OnStar.D show the future trend represented by OnStar .Paper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points )Section A (15minutes, 10 points )As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification.When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition wo n‟t be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。
(NEW)杭州师范大学外国语学院综合英语历年考研真题及详解
目 录2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解2011年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2012年杭州师范大学716综合英语考研真题及详解2013年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2014年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2015年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2016年杭州师范大学724综合英语考研真题及详解2017年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2018年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2019年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ. Cloze (20points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1) _____ about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2) _____ is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old person’s recollections of the past help to (3)_____ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4) _____ any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) _____ to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) _____ living. (7) _____, the memories form part of a continuing life (8) _____, in which the old person (9) _____ the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) _____ on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) _____ to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12) _____ this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) _____ subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) _____. As adults many ofus find the topic frightening and are (15) _____ to think about it—and certainly not to talk about it (16) _____ the presence of someone who is dying.Death has achieved this taboo (17) _____ only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) _____ the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) _____ our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20) _____ is so.1. A. better thanB. rather thanC. less thanD. other than2. A. soB. evenC. norD. hardly3. A. preserveB. conserveC. resumeD. assume4. A. performingB. playingC. undertakingD. lacking5. A. orientationB. implicationC. successionD. presentation6. A. worthyB. worthC. worthlessD. worthwhile7. A. In a wordB. In briefC. In additionD. In particular8. A. prospectB. impetusC. impressionD. review9. A. integratesB. incorporatesC. includesD. interacts10. A. reckonsB. countsC. reflectsD. conceive11. A. keepsB. drawsC. inclinesD. tends12. A. ThereforeB. AndD. Otherwise13. A. tabooB. disputeC. contemptD. neglect14. A. notoriousB. indecentC. obscureD. desperate15. A. readyB. willingC. liableD. reluctant16. A. atB. onC. with17. A. statusB. circumstanceC. environmentD. priority18. A. encounterB. confrontC. tolerateD. expose19. A. underB. aboveC. beyondD. within20. A. whichB. whatC. asD. that【答案与解析】1. B 句意：老年人谈论过去而不是未来。
杭州师范大学招收硕士研究生入学课程八四六试卷
3.《义务教育英语课程标准》是基于什么样的理论基础而建立的？具体说明。（8分）
四、论述题（共20分）
PPP模式与任务型教学模式有何差异？举例说明
五、根据所给材料1，写一个教学简案。（共20分）
要求：简要列出教学目标、难点、教具、简要写出教学过程。语言不限
六、根据所给材料2，设计一个导入。（共10分）
a. creating a motivation to write, mapping, brainstorming, freewriting, outlining, drafting, editing, revising, proofreading, confrencing
b. creating a motivation to write, brainstorming, mapping, freewriting, outlining, drafting, editing, revising, proofreading, confrencing
c. the concepts of meaning
d. the reflection of personal relationship
2. ___theory considers language as an intricate rule-based system.